Journal articles: 'Francophone Cameroon'

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Tagne Safotso, Gilbert. "A Study of Vowel Nasalization and Vowel Epenthesis Processes in Cameroon Francophone English." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2017): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.2p.214.

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Unlike Cameroon English and Received Pronunciation, Cameroon Francophone English has a number of nasal and epenthetic vowels. Those nasal vowels are generally French ones, as Cameroon Francophone English is heavily influenced by that language. The epenthetic vowels found in Cameroon Francophone English as in many other non-native Englishes are difficult to explain. Part of the data analysed is drawn from past studies (Safotso 2001, 2006, 2012 & 2015; Kouega 2008). This is complemented by the oral reading of some test words by French-speaking Cameroonian undergraduate/postgraduate students and some speech gathered from debates and interventions on various national TV channels and radio stations. Results show that in Cameroon Francophone English, vowel nasalization and vowel epenthesis occur in specific positions. This paper attempts to show how they operate in that variety of English.

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Fonyuy, Kelen Ernesta. "The rush for English education in urban Cameroon: sociolinguistic implications and prospects." English Today 26, no. 1 (February 23, 2010): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078409990289.

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The growing demand for English in parts of Cameroon that were once firmly under French influence.In the last decade, multilingual Cameroon has awoken to a new linguistic reality characterised by reconstructing linguistic identities in order to fit in the global space. This is seen in more and more urban Francophones pursuing English medium education and the Anglophones consolidating their identity alignment to the English language. From a sociolinguistic perspective, this paper evaluates the prominence and implications and prospects of this rush for English education in contemporary urban Cameroon. The case study method and cost-benefit analysis confirm that there is a fast growing interest in English medium education and the beginnings of English as an L1 in urban Cameroon. The result is a paradoxical sociolinguistic outcome: first of all, there is a shift by the majority Francophone group, who are shifting from a predominantly French medium to an English medium education, principally for economic benefits. Secondly, the Anglophones are increasingly shifting to English as an L1, without losing French as they live in basically French-speaking urban zones. This state of language shift implies that there will subsequently be bilingualism without diglossia in Cameroon's two official languages, and loss of the long-standing French language hegemony in Cameroon. At the same time, this shift threatens Cameroon's ancestral languages, forcing them increasingly into attrition and possibly endangerment.

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Fru, Raymond Nkwenti, and Johan Wassermann. "Constructions of Identity in Cameroonian History Textbooks in Relation to the Reunification of Cameroon." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 12, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2020.120203.

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This article explores the representation of identity in selected Anglophone and Francophone Cameroonian history textbooks via their coverage of the reunification of Cameroon. A far-reaching effect of the 1916 Anglo-French partition of German Cameroon and of the reunification of the territory in 1961 is that, in spite of the plurality of precolonial identities, it is the legacies of Anglo-French colonial heritage that seem to be the overwhelming identity indicators in contemporary Cameroon. This content analysis found that the Anglophone history textbook presented a clear Anglophone identity which stood in conflict with the identity promoted by the Francophone textbook, which was characterized by national and colonial Francophone assimilationism. Such representations suggest that the Cameroonian nation state as a colonial geopolitical construct is more imagined than real.

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Fanso, Verkijika G. "Anglophone and francophone nationalisms in Cameroon." Round Table 88, no. 350 (April 1999): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/003585399108153.

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Safotso, Gilbert Tagne. "Neologisms and Cameroonisms in Cameroon English and Cameroon Francophone English." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1210. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1010.04.

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Language learning/use is a very delicate task. When a learner/user of a given language is confronted with a difficulty, he/she is forced to create to communicate. This can be observed in most New Englishes. Those varieties of English abound in neologisms and local languages items. From an interlanguage frame, this study looks at some neologisms and Cameroonisms in Cameroon English (CamE) / Cameroon Francophone English (CamFE). The data come from debates on national radio stations and TV channels, conversations among students and university lecturers on university campuses across Cameroon, casual encounters such as public gatherings or during journeys, and from students’ essays. The findings show that, in CamE, most neologisms come from Pidgin English or French while Cameroonisms come from local languages, the inflection of some English words and skilful combination of some English structures. In CamFE, most neologisms come from French and Cameroonisms from home languages and code mixing.

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Kouega, Jean-Paul. "English in Francophone Elementary Grades in Cameroon." Language and Education 17, no. 6 (December 20, 2003): 408–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500780308666860.

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Nfobin, E. H. Ngwa. "The Francophone/Anglophone Split over Article 47 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Cameroon: An Abiding Malaise with an Explosive Charge." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 25, no. 4 (November 2017): 538–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2017.0211.

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Voting in 1961for reunification with the Republic of Cameroon instead of remaining Nigerian, the Southern Cameroons made a point. Neither the Treaty of Versailles partitioning the defunct German protectorate between Britain and France nor the superimposition of new values by the successor powers affected nationhood developed under the Germans. They were instead enriching features of that national identity of Kamerun. However, time has revealed how difficult it is to become the beacon of enlightened tolerance. Points of friction emerged, many articulated in the 1993 Buea Declaration that led to the creation of the Southern Cameroons National Council and the 2003 petition mainly for secession to the African Commission. One remains an oozing sore, with all possibilities of opening up into a running sore anytime – the 1972 referendum for the switch to unitarism that gave national destiny a decisively Francophone tilt. Anglophones contend Article 47 of the Federal Constitution guaranteed permanence of status beyond even the power of a referendum and that abolishing federalism entitled them to assert independence from the union. Against these, however, are surefire pro-Francophone arguments: the ‘Francophone spirit’ of the text and the agreed superiority of the French language, which stacked the odds against Anglophones even from the start.

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Nfah-Abbenyi, Juliana Makuchi, and Ambroise Kom. "Francophone Cameroon literature: A conversation with Ambroise Kom." Tydskrif vir letterkunde 53, no. 1 (April 11, 2016): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tvl.v53i1.3.

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Willis, Roxana. "A Comparative Analysis of Widow Dispossession in Francophone and Anglophone Cameroon." Journal of African Law 62, no. 1 (February 2018): 147–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855318000013.

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AbstractWidows throughout sub-Saharan Africa may be at risk from dispossession when their husbands pass away. Whereas some scholars view widow dispossession as prevalent and global, others suggest that the issue is less common than claimed. This article contributes to understanding about the frequency of, and reasons for, widow dispossession through an empirical investigation of widowhood in Cameroon. By adopting a comparative method, working with similar groups in both francophone and anglophone regions, it presents preliminary findings. These findings include a higher awareness of widow dispossession in anglophone areas compared to francophone samples. Moreover, notably fewer marriages are legally registered in the anglophone dataset, compared to the francophone group, which may place anglophone widows at greater risk of dispossession. The article then assesses the impact of custom, religion, civil law and common law on the findings. In conclusion, it recommends the need for a holistic consideration of land rights.

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Awasom, Nicodemus Fru. "Politics and Constitution-Making in Francophone Cameroon, 1959-1960." Africa Today 49, no. 4 (December 2002): 2–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/aft.2002.49.4.2.

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Nfah-Abbenyi, Juliana Makuchi, and Gilbert Doho. "Fragmented Nation or the Anglophone-Francophone Problem in Cameroon." Journal of the African Literature Association 14, no. 2 (May 3, 2020): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21674736.2020.1717782.

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Awasom, Nicodemus Fru. "Politics and Constitution-Making in Francophone Cameroon, 1959-1960." Africa Today 49, no. 4 (2002): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/at.2003.0033.

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Chiatoh, Blasius A., and Clovis N. Nkwain. "Attitude of Francophone Students towards Pidgin at the University of Buea (UB)." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 3, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2020.3.11.8.

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Although English is the official language of the University of Buea (UB), Cameroon Pidgin English (CPE) is quite commonly used on campus, particularly in extra curricula situations by Anglophones, who have it as their language of wider communication (LWC). However, Francophone students, some of whom meet CPE for their first time upon enrolment, tend to manifest much dislike for this language. Faced with the challenge of maximising the opportunities for learning and studying in English, a language in which they have limited spoken and written competence in, they view CPE as a sub-standard code, indeed, an impediment to the English language learning process. This paper surveys Francophone students’ attitudes towards CPE at UB with focus on the underlying motivations for these attitudes. Data was elicited from a questionnaire administered to first-year Francophone students. The findings evince that Francophone students harbour unfriendly attitudes towards CPE.

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Abanda, F. H., M. B. Manjia, C. Pettang, Joseph H. M. Tah, and G. E. Nkeng. "Building Information Modelling in Cameroon." International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling 3, no. 4 (October 2014): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ij3dim.2014100101.

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BIM has recently gained ground in developed countries. However, the use of BIM in developing countries including Cameroon is not well-known. In this study, BIM implementation in Cameroon is explored. The research methods used are a pilot study, electronic email surveys and in-depth phone interviews. Altogether, 179 professionals having at least a Master's Degree in Civil Engineering from the National Advanced School of Engineering Yaoundé I - Cameroon, a leading engineering institution in Francophone Africa, were sampled. Forty six provided feedback yielding a response rate of 25.7%. It emerged that some BIM software are already being used in Cameroon. However, major barriers hindering BIM uptake are high license fee and lack of huge projects that can pay off the cost of investment in BIM. Perhaps, partly because the respondents were highly skilled, it emerged that the lack of expertise was/is not a major problem to use BIM in projects. Although this study is limited to Cameroon, many recommendations could be relevant to other African countries.

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Evangeline Agwa Fomukong, SEINO. "Pragmastylistic Naming and Describing in Two Cameroonian Plays: What God Has Put Asunder by Victor Epie’ngome and Family Saga by Bole Butake." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 5 (July 6, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.5p.11.

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In pragmatics, language is understood in context, taking into consideration the speaker, the addressee, their interaction, background information and the situation of communication. Therefore the speakers make utterances taking account of the context of communication and the cognitive environment between them and the audience. The perspective of the Relevance Theory is that the speaker gives a clue to the audience on their intention which will help the audience infer into the message with the consideration of the context. This study is based on the assumption that in naming and describing in two Cameroonian plays, What God has Put Asunder by Victor Epie’Ngome and Family Saga by Bole Butake, the intention of the playwrights go beyond what is literally communicated. The plays can only be interpreted with contextual knowledge and historical clues that tell the story of Southern Cameroons from colonisation to the present. Cameroon is a country that was colonised by both Britain and France and today is bilingual with both English and French as official languages. Britain colonised just a small portion, so out of the 10 Regions of the country only 2 Regions, North West and South West, are English Speaking. Epie’Ngome and Butake are English speaking Cameroonians and in their plays protest against the marginalisation of Anglophones by the Francophone dominated government in Cameroon. The study uncovers data from the plays, revealing historical connection of the plays to Cameroon, especially issues related to the Anglophone Problem.

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Yewah, Emmanuel. "Congolese Playwrights as Cultural Revisionists." Theatre Research International 21, no. 3 (1996): 219–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300015339.

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The Central African sub-region has a well developed literary history. Although such countries as Cameroon and Zaire have been the region's literary vanguard, the Congo presents a rather fascinating case study given its size, population and its incredible contribution to national and African literature. Roger Chemain insightfully notes: ‘De toute l'Afrique dite “francophone”, le Congo compte le plus fort pourcentage d'écrivains par rapport à l'ensemble de la population au point qu'il peut prétendre à être l'un des “poles” culturels de cette partie de l'Afrique, au même titre que le Sénégal ou le Cameroun, pourtant beaucoup plus peuplés.’ Indeed, the Congo has produced some of the continent's most innovative and daring political writings. In the theatre, a number of playwrights have attempted to take issue with post-colonial dictatorships and cultural assumptions inherited from African traditions and colonialism.

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Tanda, Vincent A., and Joan Mapeh Eposi. "Unraveling the Attitude—Acquisition Conundrum in Learning English as a Second Language (L2) in Cameroon." Studies in English Language Teaching 6, no. 1 (December 12, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v6n1p12.

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This study set out to unravel the attitude—acquisition conundrum exhibited by Francophone Cameroonians in the learning of English as a second language (L2). It submits that notwithstanding the widely negative attitude they hold of English and the Anglophone Cameroonians who speak the language, this negativism seems not, more recently, to blight their quest to learn and use the English language when necessary. The paper contends that albeit that Francophone Cameroonians overtly show a disdain for the English language, they at the same time recognize its role as a window to the global world.They also recognize that even within Cameroon knowing English will give them a competitive edge into the professional schools in the country and also to the few jobs opportunities that exist.

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Eyovi, Njwe. "English Language Teaching and Learning in Francophone Rural Secondary Schools of Cameroon." Journal of Modern Education Review 5, no. 7 (July 20, 2015): 651–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15341/jmer(2155-7993)/07.05.2015/003.

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Kuchah, Kuchah. "Early English medium instruction in Francophone Cameroon: The injustice of equal opportunity." System 73 (April 2018): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2017.10.001.

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Denisova, T. S., and S. V. Kostelyanets. "Separatism in South Cameroon: Sources and Prospects." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 14, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 194–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2021-14-1-10.

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In the 2010s, the issue of separatism in Africa gained special significance in connection with the emergence in 2011 of a new state – the Republic of South Sudan (RSS), where a military and political conflict has continued throughout the entire period of independent development, accompanied by massive casualties among the civilian population. The situation in the RSS underscores the weakness of secessionism as a tool for solving the problems of national identity, socio-economic development and political marginalization, and also raises the question of whether separatism in Africa is able to lead to stability, an improvement in living standards and an increase in the level of security of citizens of breakaway territories. The present paper examines the historical background of separatism in South Cameroon and of organizations and armed groups fighting for the separation of the region from the Republic of Cameroon and for the independence of the self-declared Republic of Ambazonia. Currently, the country is engulfed in a military and political conflict, the parties to which are the central (Francophone) government and the Anglophone secessionist movements, which include dozens of armed groups with varying goals and interests and which fight among themselves for influence on local communities, resources, and the right to represent Cameroon’s Anglophone minority in the international arena. In fact, South Cameroon is now in a state of war of all against all. The situation in South Cameroon is compounded by the fact that President Paul Biya’s government simultaneously has to fend off attacks by Boko Haram terrorists in the far north of the country and deal with a socio-economic crisis, which is accompanied by rising unemployment, which, in turn, allows insurgents to expand their ranks with relative ease. The authors note, however, that the separatists do not enjoy the support of the world community and, unlike many other African rebel movements, receive hardly any financial or military-technical assistance from outside, which dooms their armed struggle and increases the consequence of a peaceful agreement with the government.

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Pütz, Martin. "Exploring the linguistic landscape of Cameroon: Reflections on language policy and ideology." Russian Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 294–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-2-294-324.

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This contribution focuses on the study of Linguistic Landscapes in the Central/Western African state of Cameroon, with particular reference to its capital, Yaoundé. Linguistic landscapes is a relatively recent area of research, and can be broadly defined as the visual representation of languages in public space. This paper will show that the field of linguistic landscapes can act as a reflection of linguistic hierarchies, ideologies and acts of resistance in multilingual and multicultural communities. At the same time, the sociolinguistic situation in the country will be investigated, which is paramount to understanding the linguistic and ideological conflicts between the anglophone minority and the francophone government. Cameroon’s linguistic landscape will be explored via the various spaces that English, French, Pidgin English, Camfranglais and, to a minor degree, indigenous African languages occupy in its sociolinguistic composition. The methodological design is quantitative in nature, involving collecting more than 600 linguistic tokens (digital photos) in various public places mainly in and around the Cameroonian capital of Yaoundé. It will be demonstrated that the deployment of languages on signs and linguistic tokens, apart from serving informative and symbolic functions for the audiences or passers-by they target, also has social and political implications in an ethnically heterogeneous and linguistically hybrid society such as Cameroon. Whereas in some other former British colonies there are indications that the public space is being symbolically constructed in order to preserve some of Africa’s indigenous languages (e.g. in Botswana, Rwanda, Tanzania), in Cameroon the linguistic landscape almost exclusively focuses on the dominant status and role of one single language, i.e. French, and to a lesser extent English, whose speakers therefore feel marginalized and oppressed by the French government.

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Juillard, Catherine J., Kent A. Stevens, Martin Ekeke Monono, Georges Alain Etoundi Mballa, Marquise Kouo Ngamby, Jolion McGreevy, Gill Cryer, and Adnan A. Hyder. "Analysis of Prospective Trauma Registry Data in Francophone Africa: A Pilot Study from Cameroon." World Journal of Surgery 38, no. 10 (May 4, 2014): 2534–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00268-014-2604-1.

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Dupraz, Yannick. "French and British Colonial Legacies in Education: Evidence from the Partition of Cameroon." Journal of Economic History 79, no. 3 (September 2019): 628–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050719000299.

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Cameroon was partitioned between France and the United Kingdom after WWI and then reunited after independence. I use this natural experiment to investigate colonial legacies in education, using a border discontinuity analysis of historical census microdata from 1976. I find that men born in the decades following partition had, all else equal, one more year of schooling if they were born in the British part. This positive British effect disappeared after 1950, as the French increased education expenditure, and because of favoritism in school supply towards the Francophone side after reunification. Using 2005 census microdata, I find that the British advantage resurfaced more recently: Cameroonians born after 1970 are more likely to finish high school, attend a university, and have a high-skilled occupation if they were born in the former British part. I explain this result by the legacy of high grade repetition rates in the French-speaking education system and their detrimental effect on dropout.

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Muluh Nkwetisama, Carlous. "Literature and TEFL: Towards the Reintroduction of Literatures in English in the Francophone Secondary School Curriculum in Cameroon." International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature 2, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.2n.6p.169.

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Wosu, Kalu. "The Dynamics of Underdevelopment in the African Novel: A Comparative Appraisal of Anglophone and Francophone Fiction." African Research Review 14, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v14i1.9.

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The post-independence era in sub-Saharan Africa is characterized by progressive underdevelopment. From the 1960s till date no meaningful development has occurred, and all known development strategies that have so far been adopted have defied all logic. Accordingly, some social scientists and scholars of development theories have come to the sad conclusion that with respect to Africa, all development theories have hit the rocks (Chambua, 1994, p, 37). The implication is that in all spheres of human endeavour, Africa south of the Sahara has failed. The leadership problem is one of the plagues that have bedevilled the West African sub region. And from the failure of leadership stems a truckload of woes: infrastructural deficit, corruption, neo-colonialist propensity, unemployment, ethnicity, educational backwardness, declining living standards, etc. This situation has left Africans disillusioned and disappointed. And African writers from the Anglophone and Francophone worlds have not relented in their condemnation of the post-independence malaise. Their oeuvre is a clear reflection of the battered landscape. Thus, in the works of Chinua Achebe, Wale Okediran, AhmadouKourouma and J.R. Essomba, the reader is led into the very soul of a continent in turmoil. These authors are selected from both sides of the linguistic divide. Whereas, Achebe and Okediran are Anglophones from Nigeria, Kourouma and Essomba are Francophones from Côte d’Ivoire and Cameroon respectively. This paper therefore attempted a diachronic investigation of the works of these authors in order to uncover the pervasive indices of underdevelopment. In other words, between Achebe and Okediran on the one hand, and between Kourouma and Essomba on the other hand, one discovers that the ills which the earlier novelists condemned in the first decade of independence have only gone from bad to worse some five decades later. The methodological approach adopted for this research work is textual analysis/ intertextuality, while privileging a socio-historical framework. Key Words: underdevelopment, West Africa, dynamics, Achebe, Okediran, Kourouma, Essomba

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Dyers, Charlyn, and Jane-Francis Abongdia. "An exploration of the relationship between language attitudes and ideologies in a study of Francophone students of English in Cameroon." Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 31, no. 2 (March 2010): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01434630903470837.

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Kouega, Jean-Paul. "The English Speech of Francophone Primary School Teachers and Cours Moyen Deux (CM2) Pupils in Cameroon." International Journal of Language and Linguistics 6, no. 3 (2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20180603.15.

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Nsah, Kenneth Toah. "The Screaming Forest: An Ecocritical Assessment of Le Cri de la forêt." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 10, no. 2 (September 29, 2019): 58–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2019.10.2.2962.

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From a postcolonial ecocritical standpoint, this essay analyzes the play Le Cri de la forêt (2015) co-authored by Henri Djombo, a cabinet minister from Congo-Brazzaville, and Osée Colin Koagne, a stage director and environmental activist from Francophone Cameroon. Mindful of the rich biodiversity of the Congo Basin where the playwrights originate, the essay interrogates why the forest in the play is screaming and moves on to engage with related ecological questions such as the scapegoating of witchcraft and doubtful traditional beliefs amidst climate change. It examines the controversial ways in which the play simultaneously promotes indigenous knowledge systems and capitalism. Furthermore, the essay grapples with the oft-debated role of overpopulation on climate change and ecological degradation, particularly in regions of the global South such as Africa. And, finally, it explores the playwrights’ depiction of women and children as both victims and combatants of environmental collapse, stressing their important role in fighting climate change as opposed to some critics’ claims that they are merely helpless victims. The essay therefore constitutes a double intervention in ecocriticism in the Francophone African world: both the playwrights and the present author seek to intervene in ecological discourses and actions. Resumen Desde un punto de vista ecológico y poscolonial, este ensayo analiza la obra Le Cri de la forêt (2015) en co-escrito por Henri Djombo, ministro de gabinete de Congo-Brazzaville, y Osée Colin Koagne, director de escena y activista ambiental de Camerún Francófono. Consciente de la rica biodiversidad de la Cuenca del Congo, de donde se vienen los dramaturgos, el ensayo cuestiona por qué el bosque en la obra grita y se involucra en cuestiones ecológicas relacionadas, como el chivo expiatorio de la brujería y las creencias tradicionales dudosas en torno al tema del cambio climático. Examina las formas controvertidas en que la obra promueve simultáneamente los sistemas de conocimiento indígenas y el capitalismo. Además, el ensayo aborda el papel tan debatido de la superpoblación sobre el cambio climático y la degradación ecológica, en particular en regiones del Sur global como África. Y, finalmente, indaga la representación de los dramaturgos de mujeres y niños como a la vez víctimas y combatientes del colapso ambiental, destacando su papel importante en la lucha contra el cambio climático en contravención de las afirmaciones de algunos críticos de que son simplemente víctimas indefensas. Por lo tanto, el ensayo constituye una doble intervención en el ámbito de la eco-crítica en el espacio francófono africano: tanto los dramaturgos como el autor actual buscan intervenir en los discursos y acciones ecológicas.

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SCHOLTE, PAUL, WOUTER T. DE GROOT, ZACHARIE MAYNA, and TALLA. "Protected area managers' perceptions of community conservation training in West and Central Africa." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 4 (December 2005): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892905002523.

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Training needs assessments have revealed the need for people-oriented training to increase the job performance of African protected area (PA) managers. The Garoua regional wildlife college for francophone Africa (Cameroon) developed the first long (diploma and certificate) and refresher courses in community conservation for mid-career PA managers and guards from West and Central Africa. Through lectures, case studies and participatory rural appraisal exercises, the courses emphasized the development of skills for tuning principles of people participation to the conservation objectives of PAs. The present study reviews the trainees' evaluations of these courses, to appreciate their relevance and support their further development. Diploma students judged the course as highly relevant because of the acquired analytical skills, whereas certificate students considered them only of medium relevance. The response to short refresher courses varied as a function of the use of cases from either the trainees' professional experience or from the fieldwork location. The reactions of trainees to this learning opportunity show that PA personnel are not ‘attitude-limited’ as often suggested. Their constraints to develop a more people-oriented work style lie largely in the areas of knowledge and skills. These findings point to the need for increased efforts to implement training of PA personnel in community conservation, preferably early in their careers.

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Brière, Eloïse. "Contemporary Matriarchies in Cameroonian Francophone Literature: “On est ensemble,”by Cheryl Toman, andLegal Oppositional Narrative: A Case Study in Cameroon, by Stephen L. Bishop." Research in African Literatures 40, no. 4 (December 2009): 206–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/ral.2009.40.4.206.

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Moore, David Chioni. "Ferdinand Oyono's Une vie de boy on the World Literary Stage." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 128, no. 1 (January 2013): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2013.128.1.101.

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Some of you know that my grandfather was a cook for the British in Kenya, and though he was a respected elder in his village, his employers called him “boy” for much of his life.—Barack Obama, president of the United States, speaking to the Parliament of Ghana, Accra, 11 July 2009How do you say khaki in fourteen languages? assuming that the answer is, in most cases, more or less khaki, what might that word mean? This question occurred to me three years ago as I was sitting in my Minnesota office with a student—a brilliant sophomore economics major from Hanoi—trying to understand a thorny text from Cameroon. The text before us was the Vietnamese translation of Ferdinand Oyono's landmark 1956 francophone anticolonial novel Une vie de boy, which I had been pondering for years. A central figure in the novel, the village's French commandant, was often depicted in “son short kaki” (“his khaki shorts”). Though I don't speak Vietnamese, I could make out enough of its modified Latin alphabet to recognize kaki several times in the 1997 translation. In seeking its Vietnamese meaning, I knew that at least six languages were already in play: kaki came to Oyono's French from English, which got the word in the mid-nineteenth century from Hindi-Urdu (where it means dust-colored), which got it from the Persian (transliterated “khakeh”), meaning dust (“Khaki”). What is more, Oyono's novel purports to be translated from the Ewondo, where kaki certainly meant something too. But in Vietnamese? My instinct was that khaki, at least in Vietnam, would signify what it did in Cameroon: the iconic colonial oppressor's fabric. But when my student, Phuong Vu, saw the word in Vietnamese, she immediately searched for an image on her laptop, then showed me a photo of the great anticolonial leader of Vietnam: the khaki-wearing Ho Chi Minh. Seeking a further data point, I asked my dean, the Somali scholar Ahmed Samatar, what khaki meant in his mother tongue. His reaction, too, was instant: “my grandfather was the first man in our village to wear khaki: it signifies modernity!” Khaki: one word, worldwide. But clearly not a monosignifying word, since it means, at minimum, dust, dust-colored, modernity, colonization, and anticolonial resistance. To paraphrase Langston Hughes, what kind of a translation can you make out of that?

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Sewell, Penny. "Echu, George and Grundstrom, Allan (eds), Official Bilingualism and Linguistic Communication in Cameroon / Bilinguisme officiel et communication linguistique au Cameroun (Francophone Cultures and Literatures Vol. 27.) New York: Peter Lang, 1999, xx + 216 pp. 0 8204 4092 2." Journal of French Language Studies 11, no. 1 (March 2001): 141–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269501250170.

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Barry, Megan, and Benjamin Goebel. "Preparing Health Systems to Respond Effectively, Adaptively, and Efficiently to Infectious Disease Outbreaks." Proceedings 45, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020045010.

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A country’s ability to prepare for, detect, and respond to infectious disease outbreaks such as the Ebola outbreaks in West Africa and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and the recent Zika outbreak in the Latin American and Caribbean region, depends greatly on its competency in mobilizing skilled staff, and in providing and resupplying its health system with essential infection prevention and control commodities during public health emergencies. Health systems in most developing countries suffer from fragmentation; limited coordination and leadership; lack of national health security policies and legislation; low staff capacity and competency; and inadequate information systems necessary for decision making. The global health security agenda (GHSA) has stepped up efforts to build the capacity of such countries to effectively respond to health emergencies by strengthening health systems preparedness and ability to respond to outbreaks and epidemics. Chemonics International leads the implementation of multiple efforts to strengthen health systems across the world in support of the GHSA mission, both through the implementation of USAID funded activities and through its membership in the GHSA Private Sector Roundtable. Under the USAID Global Health Supply Chain—Technical Assistance Francophone Task Order, Chemonics developed a framework of essential competencies for emergency supply chain (ESC) management to help countries prepare and respond to outbreaks and epidemics. This framework has been piloted in Cameroon, and has wide-ranging applications for ministries of health, central medical stores, and regional level logistics units. Additionally, Chemonics, through the USAID funded Human Resources for Health in 2030 (HRH2030) program, supports the efforts of National One Health Platforms to ensure efficient multisectoral coordination; support integrated surveillance, preparedness, and response systems; and develop emerging diseases preparedness and response plans as well as prevention and control strategies, including leading the first ever simulation exercise in Ethiopia focused on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza.

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Sietchoua Djuitchoko, Célestin. "Souvenir de la common law et actualité du droit administratif dans les provinces anglophones du Cameroun." Revue générale de droit 27, no. 3 (March 23, 2016): 357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1035783ar.

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Pays bilingue ayant le français et l’anglais comme langues officielles, la République du Cameroun est aussi un État culturement bi-juridique où se juxtaposent deux grands systèmes de droit : la common law pour ses provinces anglophones anciennement sous occupation de la Grande-Bretagne et le droit civil, mais surtout le droit public pour la partie francophone, jadis sous influence de la France. Ce bi-juridisme, comme les disparités naturelles, humaines, économiques et politiques de ces deux composantes de la communauté nationale est fondamentalement inégalitaire. Sous l’impulsion des autorités francophones de l’État post-colonial politiquement dominantes, les droits français ont amorcé, voici environ 35 ans, un mouvement d’extension, par touches progressives d’abord, puis brutalement ensuite; sortis de leurs aires naturelles, ils sont allés à l’assaut de l’ordre juridique des provinces anglophones. Ce mouvement est particulièrement net pour le droit administratif, le droit actuellement applicable à la puissance publique dans ces contrées où les souvenirs imposent à la conscience qu’il n’y a pas longtemps, c’était la common law, dans la plus pure tradition anglaise qui exerçait cet office.

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Ngeh, Dr Andrew T. "Power and Marginality in the Poetry of Nol Alembong and Emmanuel Fru Doh." World Journal of Social Science Research 3, no. 4 (September 23, 2016): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/wjssr.v3n4p463.

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The political history of Anglophones in Cameroon in determining their evolution and growth as a people and community has been bedeviled by intrigues, fraud, manipulations, betrayals, double standards, abuse of power and the marginalization of Anglophones. Given the numerical disadvantage of the Anglophones who constitute only one fifth of Cameroon’s population, the Francophones who are in the majority use the political power they possess to oppress, subjugate and repress the Anglophones. The fundamental question that is raised in this article is: for what reason is power acquired in contemporary African politics? Against this backdrop, the poetic orientation of Anglophone Cameroonian poets sprouts from the close scrutiny and consideration of the past and present socio-political, historical, cultural and economic landscape.Guided by the new historicist critical theory and the socialist realism of the Lukacsian and Leninist-Marxist paradigm in analyzing and evaluating Nol Alembong’s Forest Echoes (2012) and Emmanuel Fru Doh’s Not Yet Damascus (2007), this paper argues that the poetic works of Alembong and Doh are a response to the social isolation, economic exploitation and political marginalisation of Anglophones in Cameroon. The paper proposes and recommends the culture of dialogue in order to express a response to life and create a harmonious society where peace is maintained and sustained and tension is defused.

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Lamy, Vincent. "12es Journées de gastroentérologie francophones de Yaoundé (Cameroun)." Journal Africain d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie 3, no. 4 (December 2009): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12157-009-0135-4.

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Toman, Cheryl, and Cécile Dolisane Ébossé. "Getting to the Roots of Francophonie: Women Writers of Cameroon." Women in French Studies 2002, no. 1 (2002): 296–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/wfs.2002.0046.

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Raschi, Nataša. "Sur la traduction du théâtre francophone africain : l’exemple de Werewere Liking." ALTERNATIVE FRANCOPHONE 1, no. 3 (January 7, 2011): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/af9695.

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Nous concentrons ici notre attention sur la toute dernière production de Werewere Liking – Le Parler-Chanter et Médée – que nous avons traduite en italien. Auteur de pièces de théâtre, d’essais et de romans, mais aussi metteur en scène, peintre et écrivain, elle est originaire du Cameroun et, en 1985, a fondé à Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire) un groupe de création artistique panafricain : la communauté du Village Ki-Yi. S’agissant d’œuvres créées en vue de la représentation scénique, plus aptes à être vues que lues, nous analysons les traits essentiels de ces textes, les multiples options offertes par la traduction et surtout les résultats obtenus.

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Fandjip, Olivier. "La justice administrative de proximité au Cameroun." Recht in Afrika 23, no. 2 (2020): 248–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2363-6270-2020-2-248.

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À la question de savoir si la justice administrative en Afrique francophone ne souffre plus des dysfonctionnements liés à son inégale répartition géographique, limitant ainsi son rapprochement des justiciables, la réponse doit être nuancée. Au Cameroun, avec notamment la nouvelle répartition spatiale des juridictions, la proximité du juge, l’une des conditions d’un meilleur accès à cette juridiction, n’est pas entièrement réorganisée. L’accès au juge reste difficile en raison, d’une part, des rapprochements insuffisants des juridictions inférieures, et, d’autre part, la centralisation de la juridiction d’appel. Au-delà du manque de proximité avec la juridiction d’appel, la proximité adoptée pour les juridictions inférieures ignore les difficultés liées aux moyens de transport et de communication. Cette architecture s’éloigne par exemple du modèle français. Le rapprochement des justiciables par les juridictions de l’ordre judiciaire, notamment dans les zones difficiles d’accès est une solution en visage able.

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Ngassou, Loppa. "Iconographie genrée dans les manuels scolaires francophones au Cameroun (1951-2010)." Éthique en éducation et en formation: Les Dossiers du GREE, no. 8 (2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1070036ar.

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Humbert, Nago. "9e Congrès international du Réseau francophone de soins palliatifs pédiatriques 2020, Yaoundé (Cameroun)." Médecine Palliative 19, no. 2 (April 2020): 61–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medpal.2020.01.004.

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Henry, Parker Ray. ""Ewondo in the Classes, French for the Masses"." IU Journal of Undergraduate Research 4, no. 1 (December 16, 2018): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/iujur.v4i1.24507.

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Cameroon is home to over two hundred eighty native languages coming from three language families, making it one of the most linguistically diverse countries on Earth. Despite this, native languages hold very few domains in Cameroonian society. In recent years, several experimental programs have begun to implement native languages in schools, citing that children learn best in their mother tongue. Among these schools is ELAN-Afrique, an initiative put forth by La Francophonie with the main aim of helping students better learn French by way of their mother tongue. This paper seeks to differentiate the benefits prescribed or expected by ELAN leadership from the actual benefits occurring at one Ewondo-medium ELAN school in Yaoundé. The study includes a series of twenty interviews with program leadership, linguists, and NGOs, as well as teachers and parents of students enrolled in the program. Claims made in interviews were then validated or refuted by classroom observation. The program’s main flaw is the assumption that the students’ mother tongue is Ewondo when in reality, due to their urban upbringing, the students’ mother tongue is French. This causes the reality of the program to differ fundamentally from the expectations of La Francophonie as some predicted benefits are negated, some manifest differently than expected, and other benefits appear never having been predicted.

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SIMARD, Gisèle. "La recherche sociale dans les sociétés de paroles ou le défi de la recherche sociale en Afrique : le cas du Cameroun." Sociologie et sociétés 20, no. 1 (September 30, 2002): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/001704ar.

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Résumé La recherche sur la famille, réalisée au Cameroun, en Afrique francophone, a été l'occasion d'expérimenter une solution à la problématique de la recherche sociale dans les pays en développement, caractérisée par trois grandes difficultés: la multiplicité des langues parlées, l'inexistence d'une base de sondage fiable, la pénurie de chercheurs formés et de moyens logistiques. La méthode du "focus group" ou groupe de discussion a semblé très appropriée au conlexte africain, puisqu'il s'agit d'une méthode orale, correspondant bien à ces sociétés dites de paroles, et qu'elle s'apparente aux palabres, fortement inscrites dans les traditions africaines. De plus, pour animer les discussions et analyser les résultats, nous avons eu recours à des chercheurs nationaux recrutés parce qu'ils parlaient les langues locales et maîtrisaient bien leur environnement socio-culturel. Enfin, nous avons développé un modèle d'analyse permettant de quantifier les données qualitatives, ce qui a permis de fournir un apport très important dans le corpus de recherche sur la famille camerounaise et africaine.

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Siwoku-Awi, O. F. "Le Mariage Et La Dot Dans Les OEuvres De Buchi Emecheta Et De Calixthe Beyala." UJAH: Unizik Journal of Arts and Humanities 20, no. 2 (March 17, 2020): 149–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ujah.v20i2.8.

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Le contexte réaliste qui inspire les oeuvres des deux romancières va influencer cette étude des personnages féminins créés par Buchi Emecheta et Calixthe Beyala qui seront analysés dans leur contexte romanesque et seront reliés à la réalité quotidienne. Les deux auteures sont ressortissantes des cultures et des aires linguistiques différentes : Buchi Emecheta, anglophone du Nigeria et Calixthe Beyala, francophone du Cameroun. Bien que l’on soutienne l’idée que les Africains partagent les memes cultures, cet article vise à concrétiser cette opinion tout en relevant également les convergences et les divergences dans les perspectives des deux auteures. Les personnages ont été etudiés dans le cadre patriarcal qui occasionne leur réaction et détermine leur disposition psychique. Cet article mettra en relief quelques exigences patriarcales contraignantes et aliénantes qui relèguent la femme au deuxième rang et étouffent son existence. Il abordera le sujet du mariage et de la dot qui sont les moyens adoptés par le système patriarcat pour contrôler le corps et la sexualité de la femme. Les auteures amènent aussi le lecteur à se retrouver dans le fil de narration des évènements réels auxquels il pourrait s’identifier. Mots clés: sexualité, dot, mariage, contraintes patriarcales

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Dumas Tsambou, André, and Benjamin Fomba Kamga. "Adoption d’innovations et productivité des entreprises en Afrique subsaharienne francophone : cas du Cameroun, de la Côte d’Ivoire et du Sénégal." Revue d'économie industrielle, no. 173 (May 31, 2021): 107–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/rei.9920.

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Samoh Yong, Marinus. "Abbreviations/Acronyms and Neologisms in English and French WhatsApp Communication: A Comparative Study and Implications for Translation." English Language Teaching and Linguistics Studies 1, no. 2 (October 16, 2019): p99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/eltls.v1n2p99.

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Since the invention of the Internet in 1962 when J. C. R Licklider of MIT presented the first recorded description of the social interactions that could be enabled through networking in his Galactic Network concept, what has come to be known as social media has gained a lot of prominence and momentum in the dissemination of information. Prior to the dawn of the Internet age other communication tools like the telegraph, telephone, radio, and computer had served as precursors. A tool of immeasurable capabilities, the Internet is also a medium for collaboration and interaction between individuals and their computers without regard for geographic location. Other social media tools that have boarded this 20th Century information superhighway wagon include Yahoo co-founded by Jerry Yang and David Filo in 1994, Facebook co-founded mainly by Mark Zuckerbeg in 2004, Twitter by Jack Dorsey in 2006, WhatsApp by Jan Koum and Brian Acton in 2009 and Instagram by Kevin Systrom in 2010. Our focus in this paper is on the use of WhatsApp as a social media tool. Adjudged one of the fastest and easiest to use, people of all walks of life have taken full advantage of it. Our aim in this paper is to examine how it has impacted on the use of English and French by Anglophones and Francophones in Nigeria and Cameroon so far as neologisms and abbreviations are concerned. Our approach which is comparative in nature has as its principal tenet the implications for translation to and from the two languages involved in this study.

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Dubé, Paul. "La francophonie minoritaire dix ans après la décision Mahé : jurisprudence (avec Arsenault-Cameron, janvier 2000) et état des lieux (l’espace des jeunes)." Francophonies d'Amérique, no. 14 (2002): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1005186ar.

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J. M. "Séminaire régional sur les mesures nationales de mise en œuvre du droit international humanitaire pour les pays d'Afrique francophone (Yaoundé, Cameroun, 23–27 novembre 1992)." Revue Internationale de la Croix-Rouge 75, no. 799 (February 1993): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0035336100097938.

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Fandio, Pierre. "PANGOP KAMENI (Alain Cyr), Rire des crises postcoloniales. Le discours intermédiatique du théâtre comique populaire et la fictionnalisation de la politique linguistique au Cameroun. Berlin-Münster-Wien-Zürich-London : LIT Verlag, coll. Frankophone Literaturen und Kulturen außerhalb Europas/Littératures et cultures francophones hors d’Europe, Vol. 2, 2009, 357 p. – ISBN 978-3-8258-1917-0." Études littéraires africaines, no. 32 (2011): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1018669ar.

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Kouega, Jean-Paul, and Sama Alexandre Sihna. "The Bilingual Competence of Local Council Staffers in the Centre and Littoral Regions of Cameroon." Journal of Linguistics and Education Research 2, no. 1 (July 12, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jler.v2i1.748.

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This work sets out to appraise the state of individual bilingualism in francophone local councils in Cameroon. The work checks the use of English by francophone local council workers and of French by their anglophone mates with the focus on the four communicative language skills, i.e., speaking, reading, writing and listening. The ethnographic approach to data collection was adopted, and self-rating through a questionnaire was the major tool used. The eight-item questionnaire was administered to 192 local council staffers. They were 177 (91.14% of 192) francophone workers selected out of a pool of over 500 workers in six local councils situated in two big francophone towns i.e., Douala and Yaounde on the one hand, and 15 (8.85% of 192) out of a total of 16 anglophone workers in these same localities. The analysis of the data collected revealed that very low percentages of francophone workers could perform the following tasks using English: discuss office issues with their bosses (10.16% of 177 subjects), read out a speech (8.47%), write a letter to their collaborators (4.51%), and listen to someone with understanding (20.33%). Conversely, a high proportion of anglophone workers were able to perform these same tasks using French i.e., discuss office issues with their bosses (73.33% of 15 subjects), read out a speech (20%), write a letter to a collaborator (33.33%), and listen to someone with understanding (80%). In short, 63.28% of 177 francophone workers reported having a low performance in receptive skills in English as opposed to 20% of 15 anglophone workers who said the same for French; similarly, 7.34% of 177 francophones claimed to have a good command of productive skills in English as opposed to 53.33% of 15 anglophones who claimed to have a command of French. The implications for the study are that official French-English bilingualism in Cameroon is a mere political wish which is not a reality on the field.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Francophone Cameroon'

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