Academic literature on the topic 'Frank Lloyd Wright'

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Journal articles on the topic "Frank Lloyd Wright"

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Meyers, Debra A. "Frank Lloyd Wright." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (1994): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis199461/22.

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Frank Lloyd Wright is widely recognized as one of America's most creative architects. His influence continues around the world. Since Wright's death in 1959, his impact on architecture and social reform has remained an important topic for historians. Wright's genius has been attributed to his mentor Louis Sullivan, his father's love of classical music, or his preschool training with Froebel developmental toys. Although these factors may have played a part in Wright's development, his religious beliefs were central to his social theory and Organic Architecture. Wright's life and work was a concerted effort to convert the world to his strong Unitarian religious beliefs.
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Meyers, Debra A. "Frank Lloyd Wright." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (1994): 24–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis199461/22.

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Frank Lloyd Wright is widely recognized as one of America's most creative architects. His influence continues around the world. Since Wright's death in 1959, his impact on architecture and social reform has remained an important topic for historians. Wright's genius has been attributed to his mentor Louis Sullivan, his father's love of classical music, or his preschool training with Froebel developmental toys. Although these factors may have played a part in Wright's development, his religious beliefs were central to his social theory and Organic Architecture. Wright's life and work was a concerted effort to convert the world to his strong Unitarian religious beliefs.
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FROSCH, WILLIAM A. "Frank Lloyd Wright." American Journal of Psychiatry 162, no. 12 (December 2005): 2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2403.

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Olsberg, Nicholas. "Review: Frank Lloyd Wright: The Vertical Dimension by Frank Lloyd Wright." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25068206.

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Levine, Neil. "Frank Lloyd Wright: Architect." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 53, no. 3 (September 1994): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990941.

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Hoffmann, Donald. "Dismembering Frank Lloyd Wright." Design Quarterly, no. 155 (1992): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4091268.

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Olin, Laurie. "Frank Lloyd Wright: Architect." Landscape Journal 14, no. 1 (1995): 138–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.14.1.138.

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Jacks, Philip Joshua. "Frank Lloyd Wright: Architect." Modernism/modernity 1, no. 3 (1994): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mod.1994.0050.

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Toca Fernández, Antonio. "Frank Lloyd Wright: un shock de sorpresa: relatos." Astrágalo. Cultura de la arquitectura y la ciudad 2 (1995): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/astragalo.1995.i02.13.

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Alofsin, Anthony. "Review: Frank Lloyd Wright: Collected Writings by Bruce Brooks Pfeiffer, Frank Lloyd Wright." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 55, no. 1 (March 1, 1996): 96–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991067.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Frank Lloyd Wright"

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Jones, Gwyn Lloyd. "Frank Lloyd Wright beyond America." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2013. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8z03v/frank-lloyd-wright-beyond-america.

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This thesis is a cultural study of the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright’s (1867-1959) beyond his homeland of America. It explores Wright’s travels as a means of unravelling his global ambitions and legacy. Wright was born in the age of the horse and cart and died in the age of commercial jet travel; he not only experienced the rapid compression of space and time in methods of travel, but also participated in this globalising movement. His journeys beyond the USA were undertaken to promote his own global philosophy of ‘organic architecture’. Such cross-cultural dialogues are an important part of architectural history and theory, as well as of notions of ‘change’ and ‘progress’, and so within the thesis I re-enact six of Wright’s journeys to these different sites. In addition, I also rethink the traditional academic division of Wright’s career into his ‘Prairie House’ and ‘Usonian’ eras by proposing a third, final epoch constructed around his ‘Legacy’. My methodology for the thesis is based on the concept of gaining ‘situated knowledge’ from direct engagement with ‘Wrightian’ sites to deconstruct his ideas and projects. I also consider how Wright’s global 'organic' doctrine is actually now being experienced, and how people are living with his legacy in the early twenty-first century. The thesis adopts an experimental writing-as-design approach to research and as such I use a narrative mode of writing to negotiate between ‘creative’ and ‘critical’ perspectives of research. This method allows my experience to inform my analysis of Wright’s sites of influence to generate a better understanding of his architecture. Consequently, my layered narrative provides an alternative reading of Frank Lloyd Wright’s globalising ambitions by offsetting with tales of contemporary resistance that reclaim the term ‘organic architecture’ from being a bland global phenomenon to a highly articulated local expression of difference.
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Choate, James Edwin. "Learning from Frank Lloyd Wright." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23774.

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Boulton, Alexander O. "Frank Lloyd Wright: Architect of an Age." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625790.

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Herrera, Velazco Rodrigo. "Morphing arquitectónico: transformaciones entre las casas usonianas de Frank Lloyd Wright." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81013.

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Esta tesis investiga sobre el proceso de transformación de la forma arquitectónica, analizando una técnica específica denominada morphing. La técnica del morphing se utiliza en los gráficos por ordenador para la transformación de la forma entre dos o más objetos dados. Desde un punto de vista técnico, se revisan y actualizan las metodologías y aplicaciones existentes, sus características específicas y sus incidencias sobre la arquitectura. Desde un punto de vista práctico, se utilizan una serie de modelos de las casas Usonianas de Frank Lloyd Wright, con el fin de experimentar la técnica y ver qué utilidades se pueden obtener a partir de su lógica de diseño. Como resultado de este análisis se obtiene una metodología genérica para el procedimiento de un morphing arquitectónico.
This thesis investigates the transformation of architectural form, analyzing a specific technique called morphing. Morphing is a technique used in computer graphics to transform a form between two or more given objects. From a technical point of view, the existing techniques are reviewed and updated, as well as their specific characteristics and impact on architecture. From a practical point of view, some models of Usonian houses of Frank Lloyd Wright are used to experience the technique and see which utilities are available from his design logic. As a result of this analysis a generic methodology for the process of architectural morphing is obtained.
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Nissen, Anne D. (Anne Dorrit). "From the Cheney House to Taliesin : Frank Lloyd Wright and Feminist Mamah Borthwick." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14731.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1988.
Bibliography: leaves 168-169.
This thesis seeks to investigate the impact of Frank Lloyd Wright 's contact with feminist theory on his design and his thinking. For, in 1912, Wright and his companion Mamah Borthwick co-translated a book by Swedish feminist Ellen Key into English. I argue that Key's notion of an "organic" system of male-female relationships prompted Wright to redefine his notion of what an organic architecture should be; and, that this shift in understanding led to the birth of Wright's first "natural house," Taliesin, which was built for Wright and Borthwick's life together. Ellen Key believed that the values which she associated with women's childrearing responsibilities -- those of love and empathy -- should be honored above all other societal values. These values were to flow out of the house into the public realm, so that in a world transformed by Key's "sex morality," men would share them, and restructure their actions accordingly. Taliesin 's location in rural Wisconsin made it possible for Wright and Borthwick to construct a private life based on respect for the natural forces of sexuality and nature. Therefore Wright could say that "the house married the hill" on which Taliesin sat. Moreover, I believe that Taliesin's design is governed by Key's empathetic approach -- that of listening rather than imposing. Taliesin is not a hierarchical composition of traditional domestic signs; instead, the relationship of space within the house to space outside it is as important, if not more so, than the actual physical fabric in which Wright rendered his individual design statement.
by Anne D. Nissen.
M.S.
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MONTELEONE, COSIMO. "Forms follow intuition : geometrie e astrazione nel Guggenheim museum di Frank Lloyd Wright." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278303.

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Gloaguen, Yola. "Les villas réalisées par Antonin Raymond dans le Japon des années 1920 et 1930 : une synthèse entre modernisme occidental et habitat vernaculaire japonais." Thesis, Paris, EPHE, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EPHE4008.

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Abordé sous la forme d’une étude de cas, ce travail se situe à la croisée des trois domaines de recherche que sont l’architecturologie (l’étude du processus de création appliquée au domaine de l’architecture), l’histoire de l’architecture moderne et l’histoire du Japon moderne. Il se propose de cerner le processus de conception architecturale par lequel l’architecte tchèque naturalisé américain Antonin Raymond (1888-1976) a réalisé une synthèse entre un modernisme occidental emblématique des années 1920 et 1930 et l’habitat vernaculaire japonais, produit d’une tradition ancienne de la conception de l’espace et de la construction. Organisée en trois parties, la thèse s’ouvre sur une biographie présentant le parcours qui mène Raymond de sa Bohême natale jusqu’au Japon, en passant par les États-Unis. Elle se poursuit avec l’étude des circonstances dans lesquelles il s’établit en tant qu’architecte indépendant à Tokyo, en rendant compte de l’acquisition d’un certain nombre de moyens humains et techniques nécessaires à la pratique architecturale dans le contexte japonais. Enfin, une sélection de dix-sept villas réalisées à Tokyo et des destinations de villégiatures environnantes entre 1921 et 1938 est présentée. L’analyse architecturale détaillée de ces habitations réalisées pour une clientèle d’élite japonaise et occidentale permet d’observer les étapes du développement du processus de création architecturale qui ont permis à Antonin Raymond de proposer une architecture à dimension universelle ancrée dans un contexte local. Par le biais de l’architecture, ce travail illustre ainsi une partie des problématiques et des enjeux soulevés par le processus de modernisation qui caractérise l’histoire du Japon dans la première moitié du XXe siècle
In the form of a case study, this thesis is set at the crossroads of history of modern architecture, history of modern Japan and architecturologie (the study of the creative process applied to the field architecture). The purpose of this research is to define the design process through which Czech born American architect Antonin Raymond (1888-1976) carried out a synthesis between some of the most iconic forms of 1920s and 1930s Western modernism, and Japanese vernacular residential architecture inherited from a long tradition of space conception and construction. The thesis is structured in three parts. Starting with a biographical account of the architect’s first 32 years, the first part deals with the educational and professional journey that led Raymond from his native Bohemia to Japan, via the United States. The second part explores the circumstances of his establishment as an independent architect in Japan, and examines the human and technical means he implemented in order to set up his professional practice in the Japanese context of the 1920s. The third part gives a detailed analysis of a selection of seventeen houses designed and built between 1921 and 1938 for members of the Japanese and international elite community in Tokyo and its surrounding resort destinations. The detailed architectural analysis of these works illustrates the various stages and dimensions of Raymond’s design process, and provides insight into his own proposal for an architecture encompassing both universal and local dimensions. Through the subject of architecture, this study deals with a number of problematics and challenges brought by the process of modernisation in Japan during the first half of the 20th century
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Shaw, William R. "Broadacre City : American fable and technological society /." Thesis, Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10177.

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Kao, Kenneth Ken-Sin Martin. "Frank Lloyd Wright : the role of technology and experimentation in the art of building /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1991. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=9478.

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Sonmez, Filiz. "Organic Architecture And Frank Lloyd Wright In Turkey Within The Framework Of House Design." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607101/index.pdf.

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Nature has been a source of inspiration for many architects, one of them being Frank Lloyd Wright. He re-interpreted the principles of architectural design by searching nature and uncovering its hidden dimensions to introduce his idea called organic architecture, at the onset of the twentieth century. This thesis aims to discuss the offspring of this idea in Turkey, with the awareness of the fact that the Turkish examples of Vernacular and Local architecture have always displayed great concern towards nature. The developments subsequent to the recognition of organic architecture and Wright in the Turkish Architectural arena are surveyed with reference to significant discussions, competitions, exhibitions, conferences as well as concrete examples of architectural practice. Throughout the study the discussions related to Modernism in Turkey are also referred to taking the misconception of organic architecture into consideration. Since the meaning of and the interpretations concerning organic architecture are different from those made in Europe and the USA, some Turkish architects have also conceived organic architecture different from Wright&rsquo
s understanding and interpreted it from a merely formal perspective. Wright&rsquo
s approach to &lsquo
house design&rsquo
, which transforms confined, formal, symmetrical boxes into flowing spaces, is focused in comparison to Vernacular and Local examples in Turkey, and the works designed by Contemporary Turkish architects are selected to investigate the application of the principles of design and characteristics introduced by Wright. The concept of space, use of material, relation of the building with its environment, functional requirements and constructional concerns are studied within this context.
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Books on the topic "Frank Lloyd Wright"

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McDonough, Yona Zeldis. Frank Lloyd Wright. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1992.

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Frank Lloyd Wright. London: Bison Books, 1991.

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Frank Lloyd Wright. Chichester, West Sussex: Academy Editions, 1997.

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Pfeiffer, Bruce Brooks. Frank Lloyd Wright. Köln: Benedikt Taschen, 1991.

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Heinz, Thomas A. Frank Lloyd Wright. Salt Lake City, Utah: Gibbs Smith Publ., 1993.

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Wright, Frank Lloyd. Frank Lloyd Wright. Tokyo: A.D.A. Edita, 1987.

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Treiber, Daniel. Frank Lloyd Wright. London: Spon, 1995.

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1867-1959, Wright Frank Lloyd, ed. Frank Lloyd Wright. 2nd ed. Basel: Birkhäuser, 2008.

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Frank Lloyd Wright. Milano: F. Motta, 2007.

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Heinz, Thomas A. Frank Lloyd Wright. Salt Lake City, Utah: Gibbs Smith Publ., 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Frank Lloyd Wright"

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BLUESTONE, DANIEL. "Wright Saving Wright:." In Rethinking Frank Lloyd Wright, 213–40. University of Virginia Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv348f8kk.11.

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"FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT." In Raum, Zeit, Architektur, 259–76. Birkhäuser, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783035605778-042.

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"Lloyd Wright, Frank." In The Visual Dictionary of Architecture, 154. AVA Publishing SA Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350096462.0140.

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"Frank Lloyd Wright." In Shows of Force, 79–90. Duke University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9780822398066-007.

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"FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT:." In Shows of Force, 79–90. Duke University Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1220h3z.10.

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Hinchman, Mark, and Elyssa Yoneda. "Wright, Frank Lloyd." In Interior Design Masters, 241–43. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315168203-117.

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"Wright, Frank Lloyd." In The Visual Dictionary of Interior Architecture and Design, 266. AVA Publishing SA Distributed by Thames & Hudson (ex-North America) Distributed in the USA & Canada by: Ingram Publisher Services Inc. English Language Support Office, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350088719.0251.

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MCATEE, CAMMIE. "Wright:." In Rethinking Frank Lloyd Wright, 83–118. University of Virginia Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv348f8kk.7.

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Stipe, Margo. "WRIGHT AND JAPAN." In Frank Lloyd Wright, 24–44. University of California Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.8501108.5.

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Zevi, Bruno. "WRIGHT AND ITALY:." In Frank Lloyd Wright, 66–75. University of California Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.8501108.7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Frank Lloyd Wright"

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Tagliari, Ana, and Eunice H. S. Abascal. "O ornamento na arquitetura orgânica de Frank Lloyd Wright." In Encontro de História da Arte. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/eha.12.2017.4478.

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Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959) foi um dos mais importantes arquitetos norte-americanos no século XX e um dos representantes da Arquitetura Orgânica. Sua herança artística inclui não somente projetos de arquitetura, mas projetos urbanos, mobiliário, artefatos artísticos, tais como vitrais, tapeçarias, painéis, artes gráficas e murais.
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Mattos, Ana de, and Ana Florio. "O desenho da Usonian de Frank Lloyd Wright: entre teoria e projeto." In Congresso de Iniciação Científica UNICAMP. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/revpibic2720192336.

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Zebari, Hariwan. "Wright’s Vision For The Capitals: Baghdad and Phoenix." In 111th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.111.29.

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In 1957, Frank Lloyd Wright was commissioned to design the Opera House for Baghdad as part of his Master Plan for the capital of Iraq. The same year, he proposed a design statement- an “Oasis” for Arizona State Capital in Phoenix, Arizona. Although both buildings were never realized, they continue to inspire their respective city. This study compares the two buildings as a case study to disclose the differences and unique similarities of Wright’s modern design approach to eastern culture compared to the western context.
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Nelson, Erik L. "Wright House, Wrong Peril: A Case Study in Hail Damage to a Frank Lloyd Wright Residence." In Sixth Congress on Forensic Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412640.111.

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Tagliari, Ana, and Wilson Florio. "The natural house e a usonian: relações entre texto e arquitetura." In Encontro de História da Arte. Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/eha.5.2009.4038.

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A confrontação entre o texto do arquiteto com sua obra construída pode revelar significados inerentes e importantes para uma leitura e interpretação mais profunda. O livro The Natural House, de Frank Lloyd Wright, revela a postura humanista, social e simples do arquiteto norte-americano, preocupado com a economia, bem-estar e qualidade de vida do individuo. Nele, Wright expõe detalhadamente seus princípios orgânicos que norteiam os projetos das Usonian Houses, residências de baixo-custo concebidas a partir da década de 30. Como Walt Whitman, por quem Wright tinha profunda admiração, a democracia era o que o arquiteto buscava atingir com sua arquitetura. Wright escreveu vários textos e livros, porém The Natural House se apresenta como uma leitura essencial para se entender sua arquitetura orgânica madura. O objetivo deste ensaio é analisar a primeira Usonian a partir do texto The Natural House, buscando assim estabelecer relações entre texto e a arquitetura.
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Attwood, Adam. "Educational Implications of Applying Dewey's Art as Experience to Frank Lloyd Wright's Architecture." In AERA 2023. USA: AERA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/ip.23.2006572.

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Barrios, Carlos Roberto. "A Textile Block Grammar: An analytical Shape Grammar to Study the Block Designs of Frank Lloyd Wright''s Californian Textile Block Houses." In XVII Conference of the Iberoamerican Society of Digital Graphics - SIGraDi: Knowledge-based Design. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/despro-sigradi2013-0038.

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Guido, Luca. "Bruno Zevi on Le Corbusier: another way to an “organic architecture”." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.760.

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Abstract: Bruno Zevi was an enthusiastic promoter of Frank Lloyd Wright’s architecture and theories. However, the critical enquiry and propaganda of the Italian architect and historian about so-called “organic architecture” reveals a major cultural debt to Le Corbusier. In 1945, Zevi published “Verso un’architettura organica” [Towards an organic architecture], the first version of his history of architecture. The title is clearly a polemical reference to Le Corbusier’s book “Vers une architecture” (1923). In 1977, together with other architects, Zevi promoted the Machu Picchu Charter, a document to “update” the Athens Charter (1933). The places held significance: Athens was the birthplace of western civilization and architectural rationalism. Machu Picchu symbolised the contribution of an alternative way of viewing the world. Are those merely examples of Zevi’s provocations? The relationship between Zevi and Le Corbusier is problematic and ambivalent. Zevi adopts the educational and communicative methods of Le Corbusier and his critical writing style, but his interpretation of the French-Swiss architect also demonstrates an attempt to delineate a new concept of “organic architecture”, related to his researches on a historiographic redefinition of the Modern Movement. Resumen: Bruno Zevi fue un entusiasta promotor de la arquitectura y las teorías de Frank Lloyd Wright. Sin embargo, la investigación crítica y la propaganda del arquitecto italiano e historiador sobre la llamada "arquitectura orgánica" revela una importante deuda cultural para Le Corbusier. En 1945, Zevi publicó "Verso un'architettura organica" [Hacia una arquitectura orgánica], la primera versión de su historia de la arquitectura. El título es claramente una referencia polémica al libro de Le Corbusier "Vers une architecture" (1923). En 1977, junto a otros arquitectos, Zevi promovió la Carta Machu Picchu, un documento para "actualizar" la Carta de Atenas (1933). Los lugares celebradas importancia: Atenas fue la cuna de la civilización occidental y el racionalismo arquitectónico. Machu Picchu simbolizaba la contribución de una forma alternativa de ver el mundo. Son esos meros ejemplos de las provocaciones de Zevi? La relación entre Zevi y Le Corbusier es problemática y bivalente. Zevi adopta los métodos educativos y comunicativos de Le Corbusier y su estilo crítico escrito, pero su interpretación del arquitecto franco-suizo también demuestra un intento de delinear un nuevo concepto de "arquitectura orgánica", en relación con sus investigaciones en una redefinición historiográfico de la Movimiento Moderno. Keywords: Bruno Zevi; Le Corbusier’s legacy; modern language invariants; five points; organic architecture. Palabras clave: Bruno Zevi; El legado de Le Corbusier; invariantes de lenguas modernas; cinco puntos; arquitectura orgánica. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.760
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Kar, Supriyo B., and Subhadip Sengupta. "Pragmatic Approach to Capture System Age for Realistic Reliability Analysis." In GOTECH. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/219224-ms.

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The temporal dimension of age is a universal truth. Since time immemorial, individuals from all walks of life have glorified age and the process of getting older from an abstract perspective. "The best tunes are played on the oldest fiddles!" - Ralph Waldo Emerson, "The longer I live, the more beautiful life becomes." - Frank Lloyd Wright are some of the examples where aging and maturing into a better version have been projected as synonymous. However, in the physical world of plants and machinery, age is generally looked down upon as a harbinger of reduced ability in terms of performance, dependability, efficiency etc. This is best resonated in the words of William Shakespeare – "Where Youth is full of sport, age's breath is short; Youth is nimble, age is lame; Youth is hot and bold, age is weak and cold; Youth is wild, and age is tame." In a typical Oil & Gas environment, all the three primary reliability indices i.e. Reliability, Availability, Maintainability of equipment/system get adversely affected by age for many of the equipment type/family. Wear and tear, Degradation in strength, Fatigue, Creep, Corrosion, Deterioration of mechanical, electrical, chemical and hydraulic nature, Poor service (Maintenance, Repair, Replacement) e.g. replacement of failed parts by partially aged ones, incorrect fitment, imperfect repair etc. are all reasons of aging and sources of age-related failure. This necessitates that during Reliability Analysis of equipment and systems, age is effectively captured and factored in the calculation process. Capturing age becomes even more important when predictions and forecasts are to be made over a substantially long duration of operation and inability to do so widens the gap between analysis outcome and reality.
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Marshall, Stephen, and Yuerong Zhang. "Towards a ‘fractal’ typomorphology: integrating concepts of type, form and dimension." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6151.

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Abstract:
While the urban fabric has both three and two dimensional aspects, we rarely if ever experience urban form as a fully three-dimensional object nor as a two-dimensional ground plan. Rather, the urban fabric is experienced more in terms of places with a fractal dimension lying between two and three. Hence we can (re)interpret urban form elements from colonnades to streets as ‘fractal’ types. This in turn suggests the possibility for a ‘fractal’ typo-morphology, addressing elements that occupy a typological space ‘in between’ 3D architectural modelling and 2D urban plan analysis. While Moudon could note that aspects of type were ‘vague and flawed with ambiguity’ (1994), it seems that there is still room for clarity; Dovey’s recent review of type (2016) invites further development and integration of the concept of type what may still be a disparate and ambiguous territory. Meanwhile, fractal approaches to morphology have been traditionally more concerned with larger scale urban patterns (e.g. Frankhauser, 2004) or measurement of architectural elements (e.g. Ostwald et al, 2015) with a fractal dimension less than two. This paper explores the possibilities for establishing a ‘fractal typo-morphology’ that recognises the ‘2.x’ dimensional aspect of the urban fabric and its component types. The paper generates a solution-space of types, illustrated with empirical examples, and organizes these into a typology for onward use, so that ideas of type, form and fractal dimension can contribute more fully as ‘conceptual tools’ both for understanding the urban fabric and for use as building blocks for urban design. References (100 words) Dovey, K. (2016) Urban Design Thinking. London: Bloomsbury Academic. Moudon, A. V. (1994) Getting to know the built landscape: typomorphology, in Franck, K. A and H. Schneekloth (eds) Ordering Space: Types in Architecture and Design. New York: VNR. Frankhauser, P. (2004) Comparing the morphology of urban patterns in Europe – a fractal approach, in Borsdorf, A. and Zembri, P. (eds) European Cities – Insights on outskirts. Brussels: COST. Ostwald, M., Vaughan, J. and Tucker, C. (2015) Characteristic visual complexity: Fractal dimensions in the architecture of Frank Lloyd wright and Le Corbusier, in Williams, K. and Ostwald, M. (eds) Architecture and Mathematics from Antiquity to the Future. Switzerland: Springer.
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