Academic literature on the topic 'Fraser House'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Fraser House.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Fraser House"
1
Ivors, Kelly L., Z. Gloria Abad, and D. Michael Benson. "Evaluating the Pathogenicity of Pythium vexans Isolates from Fraser Fir in North Carolina." Plant Health Progress 9, no. 1 (January 2008): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-2008-1006-01-rs.
Full textAbstract:
The pathogenicity of Pythium vexans isolates collected from fir samples with typical root rot symptoms in North Carolina was evaluated on Fraser fir seedlings (Abies fraseri). Two replicated pathogenicity trials involving seven treatments were conducted in the lath house and greenhouse. Although the P. vexans isolates examined in these trials were able to colonize Fraser fir root systems, they did not cause mortality or incite root rot symptoms. In comparison, Phytophthora cinnamomi, a known aggressive pathogen of Fraser fir, caused severe root rot symptoms in all plants. These experiments provided no evidence that P. vexans is a pathogen of Fraser fir. Accepted for publication 12 July 2008. Published 6 October 2008.
2
Frampton, John, and D. M. Benson. "Phytophthora Root Rot Mortality in Fraser Fir Seedlings." HortScience 39, no. 5 (August 2004): 1025–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.5.1025.
Full textAbstract:
Seventeen-month-old seedlings from three fraser fir (Abies fraseri [Pursh] Poir.) seed sources (Mount Mitchell, Richland Balsam and Roan Mountain) were inoculated in an outdoor lath house with five genotypes of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. After 122 days, overall mortality was 90.5% with significant (p ≤ 0.07) differences among seed sources. The Mount Mitchell source had lower mortality (83.2%) than the Roan Mountain source (95.8%), while the Richland Balsam source (92.5%) was intermediate. Mortality curves were developed using nonlinear regression (Richards' function). Due to a significant seed source × inoculum genotype interaction (p ≤ 0.0001), equations were developed for each combination of seed source and inoculum genotype. Results suggest that while the overall frequency of resistance in fraser fir is low, seed sources differ in their frequency of resistance and that more than one resistance gene may be present. Survivors from this or similar inoculations could be cloned via grafting or rooted cuttings for further resistance testing and/or grafted into a Phytophthora-resistant fraser fir seed orchard.
3
Nair, Jyoti. "Book review: Meb Fraser, The Best Investment Writing: Selected Writing from Leading Investors and Authors." Vision: The Journal of Business Perspective 22, no. 2 (May 10, 2018): 240–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972262918766146.
Full text
4
Richens, Nick. "The Heathen Are Come Into Thine Inheritance: Reverter Of School Sites And The House Of Lords' Decision in Fraser v Canterbury Dbf." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 8, no. 39 (July 2006): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00006748.
Full textAbstract:
On 27 October 2005 the House of Lords' decision in Fraser v Canterbury Diocesan Board of Finance (No 2)—referred to in this Comment as Fraser (No 2)—ended an audacious attempt by the Canterbury Diocese to eliminate the issue of reverter in the majority of school sites affected by it. The media, largely unable to comprehend the legal issues, announced that the decision would lose the Church a lot of money: ‘The widespread practice of selling school sites could prove to be a costly mistake’; ‘Defeat over sale of school land to cost Church millions’.
5
Fox, Christopher. "Juliet Fraser and Plus Minus, Café OTO, London, 7 February 2017." Tempo 71, no. 281 (June 21, 2017): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040298217000353.
Full textAbstract:
On a gloomy winter's night in Dalston what could be better than Kammerklang at Café OTO? Out of the cold and into a packed house – standing room only for many of us, and sauna-like levels of humidity – for an evening in which an audio-visual piece about bells by Christine Sun Kim and a new string quartet by Lisa Illean frame the main event, two new pieces by the Canadian composer Cassandra Miller.
6
Lepofsky, Dana, David M. Schaepe, Anthony P. Graesch, Michael Lenert, Patricia Ormerod, Keith Thor Carlson, Jeanne E. Arnold, Michael Blake, Patrick Moore, and John J. Clague. "Exploring Stó:Lō-Coast Salish Interaction and Identity in Ancient Houses and Settlements in the Fraser Valley, British Columbia." American Antiquity 74, no. 4 (October 2009): 595–626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002731600048988.
Full textAbstract:
Social scientists recognize a complex and iterative relationship between the built environment and social identities. Here, we explore the extent to which household and settlement remains may be used as archaeological correlates of collective identities among the Stó:lō-Coast Salish peoples of the Fraser River Valley. Using data from six recently tested archaeological sites we begin with the household and explore expressions of identity at various social-spatial scales. The sites span the period from 4200 cal B.C. to the late A.D. 1800s and include settlements with semi-subterranean houses of different forms as well as aboveground plank houses. Across this timeframe we see both change and continuity in settlement location, layout, size, and house form. Our data suggest that although group identities have changed over the millennia, selected social units have persisted through many generations and can be linked to present-day identities of the Stó:lō-Coast Salish.
7
Murugesan, R. "Voice of Victimized Child Narrative: A Study of Sylvia Fraser’s My Father’s House." New Literaria 03, no. 02 (2022): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.48189/nl.2022.v03i2.010.
Full textAbstract:
My Father’s House is one of the grand narrative stories’ written by Sylvia Fraser. This autobiography describes about how a female child is physically and mentally distributed by her family members, particularly her father and others. Fraser vehemently created her writings about sexuality, gender discrimination, trauma, testimony, and memoir. For her writings are whole Canadian literature explored and familiarized in the common arena. This discourse analyzes indeed a recovered memory, fake narrative, and traumatic experiences. Her important writings are Pandora (1972), The Candy Factory (1975), The Emperor’s Virgin (1980), My Father’s House (1987), The Rope in the Water: A Pilgrimage to India (2001), The Green Labyrinth: Exploring the Mysteries of the Amazon (2003). This paper is encouraged in a special case in which child sexual abuse puts tension on stories and genres and the luminal ways in which sexual traumatic stories are discussed by literary interest. The creation of a new art form in reply to special needs of an age governed by the trauma paragon assumes not only that art is an authority vehicle for the transformation and expression of mental and painful misery but also that can be offered forms of resilience scrutinized at realizing the difficulties of the traumatized act. This article aims to explore and explain how Fraser’s recovered traumatic wounding approach a common limit-case symptomatic of the conflicting swirling around authors of child sexual abuse stories and a depute example of the threat of the public sphere of childhood sexual tortures. Child sexual trauma stories dislocate borders between narrative and testimony in provocative and discussable ways that can create a new recent of perceiving trauma stories more extensively.
8
Cooper, Barry, and Richard Turbet. "Catalogue of Early Printed Music in Aberdeen Libraries Supplement, 1979–1988." Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle 23 (1990): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14723808.1990.10540942.
Full textAbstract:
This article is a supplement to Barry Cooper's catalogue of 1978 (see below, References). No musical items published before 1801 have entered Aberdeen Public Library since 1979. Of the four Aberdeen University collections mentioned below, Dep is in the library of the Department of Music, while SB and Lib R are in King's College Library. In the course of his original introduction, Barry Cooper mentioned the University's “copyright collection” (p.4), and the inadequacy of its catalogue. Richard Turbet is compiling a checklist of the contents of this collection's 297 volumes, now located within Aberdeen University Library and known as The Stationers’ Hall Collection. As to private collections, Roger Williams has catalogued those in Grampian Region in the care of the National Trust for Scotland, and the catalogues are being prepared for publication. There is early music in the collections at Castle Fraser, Drum Castle, Leith Hall and Brodie Castle. The Montcoffer House private collection, listed in Appendix 3 of the original catalogue, is now housed at Aberdeen University Library MS 2861.
9
Paterson, Clare. "Selling Fashion: Realizing the Research Potential of the House of Fraser Archive, University of Glasgow Archive Services." Textile History 40, no. 2 (November 2009): 170–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/004049609x12504376351380.
Full text
10
Knickerbocker, Madeline Rose. "“What We’ve Said Can be Proven in the Ground”: Stó:lō Sovereignty and Historical Narratives at Xá:ytem, 1990–2006." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 24, no. 1 (May 12, 2014): 297–342. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1025003ar.
Full textAbstract:
Less than a month after the conclusion of the Oka crisis in Québec in the fall of 1990, development threatened another Indigenous heritage site, this one on the outskirts of Mission, British Columbia. Workers were preparing to blast apart a large stone and clear land for a 14-house subdivision on a sloping hill near the Fraser River. Indigenous elders, along with archaeologists and activists, responded rapidly by stepping forward to challenge the destruction of the site. Xá:ytem, the stone, is a sacred site for Stó:lō peoples, who have been living in the area for millennia. This paper examines the struggle to save Xá:ytem to reveal the tactical hybridity that can emerge when conceptions of heritage are entangled with expressions of sovereignty. When situated in the context of other Indigenous protests, analysis of the historical narratives deployed at Xá:ytem reveals much about the surprising and tenacious nature of heritage activism in late twentieth-century Canada.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Fraser House"
1
Drexhage, Glenn. "The future of our past : inside the 2008 B.C. Digitization Symposium." British Columbia Library Association, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/8545.
Full textAbstract:
This article, written by Glenn Drexhage, Communications Officer – UBC Library/Irving K. Barber Learning Centre, appeared in the BCLA Browser: Linking the Library Landscape online newsletter (vol.1, no.1 2009). For more information, please visit the BC Digitization Symposium 2008 website at: http://symposium.westbeyondthewest.ca and the BCLA Browser website at: http://bclabrowser.ca.
2
Gad, Emad F. "Performance of brick-veneer steel-framed domestic structures under earthquake loading /." Connect to thesis, 1997. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00003001.
Full text
3
Henderson, Duncan Robert Keall. "The Performance of House Foundations in the Canterbury Earthquakes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8741.
Full textAbstract:
The Canterbury Earthquakes of 2010-2011, in particular the 4th September 2010 Darfield earthquake and the 22nd February 2011 Christchurch earthquake, produced severe and widespread liquefaction in Christchurch and surrounding areas. The scale of the liquefaction was unprecedented, and caused extensive damage to a variety of man-made structures, including residential houses. Around 20,000 residential houses suffered serious damage as a direct result of the effects of liquefaction, and this resulted in approximately 7000 houses in the worst-hit areas being abandoned.
Despite the good performance of light timber-framed houses under the inertial loads of the earthquake, these structures could not withstand the large loads and deformations associated with liquefaction, resulting in significant damage. The key structural component of houses subjected to liquefaction effects was found to be their foundations, as these are in direct contact with the ground. The performance of house foundations directly influenced the performance of the structure as a whole. Because of this, and due to the lack of research in this area, it was decided to investigate the performance of houses and in particular their foundations when subjected to the effects of liquefaction.
The data from the inspections of approximately 500 houses conducted by a University of Canterbury summer research team following the 4th September 2010 earthquake in the worst-hit areas of Christchurch were analysed to determine the general performance of residential houses when subjected to high liquefaction loads. This was followed by the detailed inspection of around 170 houses with four different foundation types common to Christchurch and New Zealand: Concrete perimeter with short piers constructed to NZS3604, concrete slab-on-grade also to NZS3604, RibRaft slabs designed by Firth Industries and driven pile foundations. With a focus on foundations, floor levels and slopes were measured, and the damage to all areas of the house and property were recorded. Seven invasive inspections were also conducted on houses being demolished, to examine in more detail the deformation modes and the causes of damage in severely affected houses. The simplified modelling of concrete perimeter sections subjected to a variety of liquefaction-related scenarios was also performed, to examine the comparative performance of foundations built in different periods, and the loads generated under various bearing loss and lateral spreading cases.
It was found that the level of foundation damage is directly related to the level of liquefaction experienced, and that foundation damage and liquefaction severity in turn influence the performance of the superstructure. Concrete perimeter foundations were found to have performed most poorly, suffering high local floor slopes and being likely to require foundation repairs even when liquefaction was low enough that no surface ejecta was seen. This was due to their weak, flexible foundation structure, which cannot withstand liquefaction loads without deforming. The vulnerability of concrete perimeter foundations was confirmed through modelling. Slab-on-grade foundations performed better, and were unlikely to require repairs at low levels of liquefaction. Ribraft and piled foundations performed the best, with repairs unlikely up to moderate levels of liquefaction. However, all foundation types were susceptible to significant damage at higher levels of liquefaction, with maximum differential settlements of 474mm, 202mm, 182mm and 250mm found for concrete perimeter, slab-on-grade, ribraft and piled foundations respectively when subjected to significant lateral spreading, the most severe loading scenario caused by liquefaction.
It was found through the analysis of the data that the type of exterior wall cladding, either heavy or light, and the number of storeys, did not affect the performance of foundations. This was also shown through modelling for concrete perimeter foundations, and is due to the increased foundation strengths provided for heavily cladded and two-storey houses. Heavy roof claddings were found to increase the demands on foundations, worsening their performance. Pre-1930 concrete perimeter foundations were also found to be very vulnerable to damage under liquefaction loads, due to their weak and brittle construction.
4
Roberts, Judith. "Tenterden houses : a study of the domestic buildings of a Kent parish in their social and economic environment." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292395.
Full text
5
Alhammouri, Lama. "The road to the White House through Arab eyes : analysis of frames and credibility as presented by Alarabiya, Alhurra and Aljazeera." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7568.
Full textAbstract:
The study looks into the 2008 American Presidential Election from two sides; the way the news channels frame the event and the way a sample of the audiences interpret it. Drawing on literature concerning framing theory which describes the practices employed by mass media to present world events in familiar and understandable formats to audiences, the study examines the coverage of the 2008 American Presidential Election on three trans-border news channels broadcasting in Arabic. A number of stories covering the American election campaign broadcasted on Alarabiya, Alhurra and Aljazeera, are included. The study assesses general frames used to describe the event by each channel. The analysis reports the frames generally employed by the three channels are relatively similar, suggesting a global effect on the media in following the Anglo-American model of journalism when reporting international events. The differences appear when reporting regional issues between the two Arabic trans-border channels Alarabiya and Aljazeera on one side and Alhurra on the other suggesting a link between journalistic ideology and framing. The second part of this thesis is the exploratory audience study which attempts to provide insights into perception of Arab news coverage - particularly in Saudi Arabia. The audience study uses a questionnaire and focus group methodologies on a sample of participants with high television news consumption levels, measuring the perception of news channels credibility in specific and credibility of media in general, and exploring the possible presence of a link between consumption level of news and perceived news credibility. Moreover, examining how audience analyse news and how their opinions about the event have been shaped by media framing.
6
Helander, Sandra, and Magnus Linde. "Att bygga flervåningshus med trästomme - ur beställarens perspektiv." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23841.
Full textAbstract:
Det blev år 1994 tillåtet i Sverige att bygga hus med stomme av trä högre än två våningar. Det finns många fördelar med att bygga med trästomme, inte minst ur miljösynpunkt, men det byggs trots detta väldigt få flervåningshus högre än två våningar med trästomme jämfört med andra stomkonstruktioner. Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på hur beställare resonerar kring att bygga eller inte bygga flervåningshus med trästomme högre än två våningar och hur deras inställning är gentemot denna stomkonstruktion. För att ta reda på detta så har en kvalitativ undersökning genomförts där fem personer i beställarposition har intervjuats. Resultaten visade att det finns en viss kunskapsbrist om trästommar. Information finns men få har tagit del av den och tryggheten i att bygga i betong överväger i många fall de fördelar som träkonstruktioner faktiskt har. Kostnader är av självklara skäl den viktigaste aspekten för många företag. Om det finns kostnadsfördelar med trästomme råder det delade meningar om, men om så är fallet så behöver det bli tydligare för att beställare ska våga sig på det som alternativ. Kommunerna är i många fall de som får även mindre erfarna beställare att faktiskt bygga med trästomme då de på vissa platser har som krav att det ska vara trästomme. Att föreslå trästomme kan också vara ett sätt att stå ut från mängden och på så sätt vinna en markanvisning hos kommunen. Kommunernas inflytande på företagens val av stomme är något som författarna tycker att det bör forskas mer om. Överlag verkade det som att det fanns en ganska positiv bild av trästommar ur beställarens perspektiv, främst angående miljöaspekterna. Dock är det ännu inte tillräckligt för att de mindre träerfarna beställarna frivilligt ska våga prova på det då deras kunskap om det brister och det faktum att det inte visat sig ha kostnadsfördelar i alla lägen.In 1994, it became legal in Sweden to build residential houses with wooden frames higher than two storeys. There are many advantages to building houses with wooden frames, not least from an environmental point of view, but very few multi-storey houses with wooden frames are built in comparison to frames of other materials. The purpose of this study is to examine how clients reason when deciding on whether to build or not to build multi-storey houses with wooden frames and how their attitudes are towards this form of construction. To do this, a qualitative study has been conducted in which five people in a customer position have been interviewed. The results show that there is a certain lack of knowledge about wooden frames. Information is available, but few have taken part of it and the certainty of building in concrete in many cases exceeds the advantages that wooden frames actually have. Costs are for obvious reasons the most important aspect for many. There are different opinions regarding cost advantages in wooden frames, but if there are any, they need to be made clearer for clients if they are to explore wooden frames as an alternative. In many cases, it is the municipalities who get the less experienced clients to actually buy and build wooden framed houses, as in some places they require a wooden frame. Proposing a wooden framed building can also be a way of standing out from the crowd and thus gaining a landmark at the municipality. The influence of municipalities on companies’ choice of frame is something that the authors think should be researched further. Overall, it appears that there is a fairly positive view of wooden frames from the clients’ perspective, mainly regarding environmental aspects. However, it is not yet enough for the clients who are less experienced with wooden frames to willingly try it, as their knowledge of it is lacking and the fact that it has not proven to have cost advantages in all situations.
7
Hughes, Annabelle F. "The evolution and ownership of timber-framed houses within the old parish and market catchment area of Horsham, circa 1300-1650." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258723.
Full text
8
Sidabutar, Marsingal, and Marouf Pervin Kilic. "Väggelement i trä : Prefab vs platsbyggt." Thesis, KTH, Byggteknik och design, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-302364.
Full textAbstract:
Prefabricering av väggelement är en byggmetod under stark framväxt i byggandet av småhus de senaste decennierna. Kostnadseffektiviteten nämns ofta som ett skäl till att prefabricering av småhus har en sådan stor framväxt. Samtidigt har miljö- och klimatfrågan växt och då byggsektorn står för en stor del av Sveriges koldioxidutsläpp krävs det att byggsektorn ställer om till ett allt med hållbart byggande. Detta examensarbete har undersökt denna kostnadseffektivitet och hur och om en går att kombinera med ett hållbart byggande och sedan jämfört detta med platsbyggda väggar i trä. Underlag har tagits fram i samarbete med Skidstahus som producerar prefabricerade väggelement i fabriksmiljö och underlag från Derome Hus AB/ VarbergsHus vad berör småhus i lösvirke. En kostnadsjämförelse av de två byggmetoderna visar att de prefabricerade väggelement som Skidstahus framställer är mer kostnadseffektiva och det beror till stor del på att arbetstiden effektiviseras. Till viss del visar examensarbetet att materialanvändningen även resurs effektiviseras vid Skidstahus produktion och resulterar i mindre spill som därmed gynnar ett hållbart byggande. Andra viktiga aspekter för hållbarhet och livslängd såsom fukt och lufttäthet visar att prefabricerade väggar har utmaningar då skarvar och anslutningar måste vara väl utförda. Samtidigt innebär arbetet i fabriksmiljö att risken för fuktproblem minskar då det ger ett skydd för klimat och väder. Detta är medför även att byggarbetarna får en god och vältempererad arbetsmiljö. Däremot finns frågetecken kring hur byggande med prefabricerade väggelement påverkar miljön i form av transporter i förhållandet till platsbyggda väggar av lösvirke, då transporter till och från fabrik krävs. Utöver detta påverkar byggmetoden hur gestaltning och arkitektur utförs då ett platsbyggt hus i trä enklare går att utföra med valfri gestaltning. Analyserna visar sammanfattningsvis att användandet av prefabricerade väggelement i trä reducerar byggkostnader samtidigt som det kan bidra till ett hållbart byggande. Det krävs dock ytterligare studier för att jämföra den beräknade livslängden på prefabricerade väggar och platsbyggda.Prefabrication of wood wall elements in construction of villas and terraced houses is a building method undergoing growth in recent decades. Cost efficiency is often cited as a reason why prefabrication has undergone such a large growth. At the same time, the issue of environmental impact and climate change has grown. As the construction sector accounts for a large part of Sweden's carbon dioxide emissions, the construction sector needs to become more sustainable. This thesis has examined this cost-effectiveness and if it is possible to combine with environmental sustainability. To examine this more thoroughly a comparison is made with in site-built timber-framed constructed walls. The thesis has been conducted in collaboration with Skidstahus, which produces prefabricated wall elements in a factory environment, especially for data collection. Information and data have also been collected from Varbergshus / Derome producing houses in site-built timber-framed building. A cost comparison of the building methods shows that the prefabricated wall elements manufactured by Skidstahus are more cost-effective, which can be linked to work efficiency. To some extent, the thesis also shows that material use can be optimized at Skidstahus production and therefore results in less waste, which thus reduces environmental impact. Other important factors for durability and accounted life span is the building method’s ability to handle migration of moisture and airtightness. The thesis shows that prefabricated walls have challenges, as joints and connections must be well designed. At the same time, factory production allows an environment which can reduce risk of migration of moisture as it provides protection for climate and weather impact. Another aspect is that it provides a good and well-tempered work environment for the construction worker. On the other hand, it is questionable whether the use of prefabricated wall elements affects the environment as it may increase the need of transportation in relation to on site-built timber-framed walls, as transport to and from the factory is required. In addition, the prefabricated method could influence how design and architecture is carried out while a wood house made from stick timber is more easily modified. In summary, the analysis show that the use of prefabricated wood wall elements reduces building costs while at the same time it can contribute to environmental sustainability. However, further studies are required to compare the estimated life span of the two compared building methods.
9
Chang, Chia-Ling, and 張嘉凌. "A Study on the Reusability of Knock-Down House in Three Cases of the Framed Type." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8d7rgr.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
建築與都市設計研究所
99
Knock-Down House is a kind of temporary building which has different types for purpose and quality. Recently, the disasters are frequent, because of that, the settle is a big lesson we need to learn. At the 921 earthquake and the 88 disaster, the knock-down house is very important for using. Not only use at disaster also can use at temporary engineering office. In recent years, because of the environmental consciousness rising, the materials utilization and recycling are more seriously. The knock-down house which that temporarily、urgently、materials recycle and system fabrication are all the main keys. The procedure of building the knock-down house will point on the house’s covering and skeleton, those also the whole system’s element of main organization. This research will by construction to know the knock-down house how to building and by the plan return to original state and the investigation report, we can know that the knock-down house construction、 the material use and the programming and the joint way. By the case investigation, effecting the recycle is the construction design, considered after demolishing knock-down house about the construction’s consume and joint that discussing three cases of material recycle and reuse. Bring up the suit way to decompose knock-down house and compare with different cases and discussion the reason effect knock-down house of the recycle, reuse and proposes its countermeasures. At general situation, the knock-down house of reusing at construction are not the certain use countermeasures, the main problem is not have the way to recycle when the knock-down house was demolished and the main reason to effect the reuse is recycle’s situation. By this research, we have five points for how to promote the constructive effect on the knock-down house. 1. When demolishing the knock-down house, according to opposite fabricate way and have procedure to demolish it. Has the step and plan to demolish it, we can control the construction, use behavior and joint way. By this way we can assumed that material recycle and classification of consumes the degree in advance, it can reach the better recycle level. 2. Using the demolish tools, like bolt-trigger, screw-electric drill, gun nail-nail extractor, welding-cutter. Building and demolishing use the same tool can reduce the material’s consumes degree, when demolishing choose a right tool will affect the consumes degree, also affect recycle and reuse level. In opposition, it will spend more time. 3. The knock-down house after demolition will recycle by factory owner; they will repair and regulate it. The factory have space to put aside, it can make the material has better management. Also can recycle by the company of demolition project which can classification the material and reach the best management. 4. When joint the construction, the different way is the main point to affect the reuse’s factor. Use the same material can increase the compatibility when the joint, like doors, windows and walls, if those use the same material, not only easy to fabricate also easy to control the time. 5. Unified the standardized size, although the material has the same size design, but same construction use different size will reduce the compatibility. Unify 1K’s span and wall size; in general size is 90*180cm (3*6m) to match the 1K=183cm is the better size. This way for construction is effectiveness and has elasticity; it is not easy to destroy the wall.
10
Satheeskumar, Navaratnam. "Wind load sharing and vertical load transfer from roof to wall in a timber-framed house." Thesis, 2016. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/49793/1/49793-satheeskumar-2016-thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Windstorms are one of the major causes of severe damage to houses and other infrastructure. Damage investigations indicate that the roof is the most vulnerable part of a timber-framed house, and that failures take place at inter component connections; hence there is a need to study the load sharing and structural response of these timber-framed house structural systems to assess their performance. Contemporary houses in many parts of Australia are brick veneer structures with metal or tile clad roofs that are built to National Construction Code of Australia's design specifications.
Full-scale tests were carried out on a representative part of a brick veneer contemporary house to assess the loading effects on roof to wall connections and load sharing. Tests were conducted for each stage of construction: bare frame followed by the installation of roof battens and cladding, wall lining, ceiling, etc. These construction stages were used to assess the contribution of the structural and lining (i.e. ceiling, ceiling cornice and wall lining) elements to the load sharing and response of the timber-framed house structure to wind loading. Results show that the vertical load sharing of the timber-framed house through the roof to wall connection depends on the stiffness of the roof to wall connection and the truss location (i.e. whether located at the end or middle). The contribution of the lining elements to the vertical load sharing is about 15% to 20%.
In addition, individual component tests were conducted on the roof to wall framing anchor (i.e. triple grip and truss grip) connections to examine their structural response to loading. This study also showed that construction defects in roof to wall connections influence the design uplift capacity. Two missing nails out of ten in the hand nailed triple grip connection (i.e. one nail from the truss and other one from the top plate) reduces the design uplift capacity by about 40 % of the "Ideal" hand nailed triple grip connection. Finite element models were also developed for part of the timber framed house and roof to wall connections (i.e. triple grip and truss grip connections) using ABAQUS finite element software. Results obtained from the finite element models were compared with the experimental tests, showing good agreement. This finite element model can be used to predict the roof to wall connection response and truss hold-down force variation with a range of construction defects and truss bay configurations. The overall outcomes can be used to evaluate house structure vulnerability to wind loading, and to improve the design and standards of timber-framed houses.
Books on the topic "Fraser House"
1
Alison, Turton, ed. A legend of retailing: House of Fraser. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1989.
Find full text
2
Fraser, House of, ed. House of Fraser [trade catalogue]: Christmas : glorious gift ideas. London: House of Fraser, 2003.
Find full text
3
Fraser, John A. Selected decisions of Speaker John A. Fraser, 1986-1993. Ottawa, Ont: Clerk of the House of Commons, 1999.
Find full text
4
Commission, Monopolies and Mergers. Lonrho PLC and House of Fraser PLC: A report on the proposed merger. London: H.M.S.O., 1985.
Find full text
5
Commission, Monopolies and Mergers. Co-operative Wholesale Society Limited and House of Fraser PLC: A report on the acquisition by the Co-operative Wholesale Society Limited of the Scottish funerals business of House of Fraser PLC. London: H.M.S.O., 1987.
Find full text
6
Henry, Brooke. House of Fraser Holdings plc: Investigation under section 432 (2) of the Companies Act 1985. London: H.M.S.O., 1988.
Find full text
7
To change the world: A biography of Pauline Jewett. Richmond Hill, Ont: Irwin Pub., 1987.
Find full text
8
European Court of Human Rights. A. Affaire Wynne c. Royaume-uni : arrêt du 18 Juillet 1994: B. Affaire Fayed c. Royaume-uni : arrêt du 21 Septembre 1994 = A. Case of Wynne v. the United Kingdom : judgment of 18 July 1994. B. Case of Fayed v. the United Kingdom : judgment of 21 September 1994. Strasbourg: Greffe de la Cour, Conseil de l'Europe, 1995.
Find full text
9
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation., ed. Canadian wood-frame house construction. 2nd ed. [Ottawa]: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 1988.
Find full text
10
Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. Canadian wood-frame house construction. [Ottawa: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, 1997.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Fraser House"
1
Morgan, Lynette. "Greenhouses and protected cropping structures." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 11–29. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter focuses on greenhouses and protected cropping structures. Topics covered are glasshouses and plastic greenhouses, closed and semi-closed greenhouse structures, passive solar greenhouses, sustainable greenhouse design, cladding materials, screen houses, net houses, shade houses, rain covers and other structures, screen and shade nets, low tunnels and high tunnels, hot beds and cold frames greenhouses, floating mulches, row covers, cloche covers, direct covers and frost cloth, greenhouse site planning, windbreaks, outdoor hydroponic systems, and controlled-environment agriculture.
2
Morgan, Lynette. "Greenhouses and protected cropping structures." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 11–29. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0011.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter focuses on greenhouses and protected cropping structures. Topics covered are glasshouses and plastic greenhouses, closed and semi-closed greenhouse structures, passive solar greenhouses, sustainable greenhouse design, cladding materials, screen houses, net houses, shade houses, rain covers and other structures, screen and shade nets, low tunnels and high tunnels, hot beds and cold frames greenhouses, floating mulches, row covers, cloche covers, direct covers and frost cloth, greenhouse site planning, windbreaks, outdoor hydroponic systems, and controlled-environment agriculture.
3
Gattuso, Caterina, and Philomène Gattuso. "A Diagnostic Plan Supporting Conservation Work on Timber-Frame Houses." In Historical Earthquake-Resistant Timber Frames in the Mediterranean Area, 157–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16187-7_13.
Full text
4
Sakuragi, K., and A. Sato. "Ductility reduction factor of steel sheet shear wall used in steel framed house." In Insights and Innovations in Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Computation, 297–302. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315641645-49.
Full text
5
Cazzani, Alberta, and Stefano Barontini. "Lake Garda lemon houses: a mediterranean landscape in an internal lake." In Proceedings e report, 183–93. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.19.
Full textAbstract:
Lemon houses (limonaie) are ancient terraced citrus gardens that shape the landscape along the NW shore of Lake Garda (Northern Italy). We propose an interpretation of limonaie as a deeply anthropogenic, labour intensive, multifunctional landscape that shares many characteristics with the oases of the wider Mediterranean basin. Any intervention which aims at preserving the fragility and peculiarity of the area, as well as the intangible cultural heritage of the citrus cultivation, should be framed in a holistic agroecosystemic perspective, deeply rooted in the knowledge of the limonaie past.
6
Sieffert, Yannick, Florent Vieux-Champagne, Stéphane Grange, Philippe Garnier, Jean-Charles Duccini, and Laurent Daudeville. "Traditional Timber-Framed Infill Structure Experimentation with Four Scales Analysis (To Connection from a House Scale)." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 287–97. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39492-3_24.
Full text
7
Cattari, S., S. Lagomarsino, R. Vecchiattini, and G. Stagno. "The “Gothic House” in Arquata Scrivia (Italy): Constructive Details and Seismic Assessment of a Timber Framed Masonry Structure." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 161–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39492-3_13.
Full text
8
Gredley, Susan. "‘When it rains [our house] rains too’." In Nancy Fraser and Participatory Parity, 94–110. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429055355-7.
Full text
9
Dickens, Charles. "Chapter Forty-Eight Closing In." In Bleak House. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/owc/9780199536313.003.0049.
Full textAbstract:
The place in Lincolnshire has shut its many eyes again, and the house in town is awake. In Lincolnshire, the Dedlocks of the past doze in their picture-frames, and the low wind murmurs through the long drawing-room as if they were breathing pretty regularly....
10
Martin, Liam. "Alternatives." In Halfway House, 198–210. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479800681.003.0009.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter opens with the author’s return to Clearview Crossing with a draft of the book in 2019. The author finds that Joe has completed community college and become a licensed drug and alcohol counselor, gained stable employment running an addiction-recovery center, and purchased his first home, where the author stays for two weeks. These personal successes are used as a springboard for analyzing the potential of halfway houses as alternatives to prison. Key institutional differences between Bridge House and other US halfway houses, like the policy of open time frames, which was crucial for Joe, are outlined and examined. The book concludes with a discussion of dilemmas in using the halfway house concept to challenge mass incarceration.
Conference papers on the topic "Fraser House"
1
Kozłowski, Aleksander, Tomasz W. Siwowski, and Tomasz Kozłowski. "Low-cost affordable single family housing in Poland. Light steel frame as an alternative construction solution." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0228.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Conventional single family houses in Poland are being built in the improved traditional construction technology with massive load-bearing structure created by masonry walls made of ceramic , silicate or aerated concrete blocks, concrete foundations, concrete rib-and-slab floor and pitched timber or concrete flat roof. Expanded polystyrene and mineral wool are being used as thermal insulation. Such solution is very time- consuming and costly due to more and more expensive manpower. The change in economy from communism to free market caused the beginning of modern thinking about construction technology for family house to be light, eco-friendly, innovative and low-cost. The definition of the term “affordable” in relation to single family housing, as well as the socio-economical background for the low-cost housing in Poland is presented. The paper presents proposal of low-cost family house construction built in light steel frame technology. The supporting structure is composed of steel frame made of cold-formed galvanized C shape profiles. Externally the steel frame is covered with cement bonded particle boards, covered with polystyrene insulation and finishing coat according to ETICS system. From the inside the steel frame is covered with plasterboards. The main thermal insulation of the building is created by mineral wool filling the interior spaces of walls, ceiling and roof panels. Comparison of the total construction costs of a 136 sq m building made in light steel frame technology with buildings of identical dimensions made in other, popular and available traditional technologies showed that a steel technology is approx. 10-20 percent cheaper. The paper presents also the comparison of the low-cost model steel structure houses worked out in Czech Republic, Portugal, Romania and Brazil, including technical parameters, structure type and cost of erection.</p>
2
"Estimation Method of Maximum Inter-Story Drift Angle of Wood-Frame House using Two Accelerometers." In Structural Health Monitoring. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901311-21.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. In April 2016, Kumamoto earthquake occurred in Japan and many wooden houses collapsed and many lives were lost because of the second and larger main shock. As a result, the need for Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) for wooden houses is receiving increased attention. In the SHM system, maximum inter-story drift angle is considered as the damage index. We assume that the first story of a wooden house will be damaged so that we need only to focus on the response of this first story. Hence, we install accelerometers on the ground floor and the second floor. In order to estimate the inter-story drift angle, we need to integrate the acceleration records twice. The simple double integration will result in erroneous results. Thus, in this paper, we propose the most appropriate integration method to estimate the maximum story drift angle with high accuracy using two accelerometers.
3
Satheeskumar, N., D. J. Henderson, J. D. Ginger, and C. H. Wang. "Load sharing and structural response of timber-framed house." In International Conference on Performance-based and Life-cycle Structural Engineering. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.14264/uql.2016.502.
Full text
4
Znamenskaya, Irina, Nikolay Sysoev, and Igor Doroshchenko. "Experimental Digital Animation in Fluid Dynamics." In 31th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2021-3027-235-240.
Full textAbstract:
Digital imaging became one of the main tools for studying unsteady flows. Modern high-speed cameras support video recording at high frame rates which makes it possible to study extended high-speed processes. We demonstrate here different animations: water temperature field evolution with a frame rate of 115 Hz; high-speed shadowgraph visualisation of different flows - water jet formation process (100 000 frames / s), shadowgraph animations of the shock waves created by the pulsed discharges (124 000 frames / s). Also, as an example of plasma flow visualization technique, we offer 9 sequential images of the shock wave - pulse gas discharge visualization obtained by the high-speed CCD camera with the 100 ns delay between frames. We developed in-house software based on the machine vision and learning techniques for automatic flow animations processing. The examples of the automatic oblique shock detection using Canny edge detection and Hough transform and thermal plume detection based on the pre-trained convolutional neural network are provided and discussed.
5
Detilleux, Michel, and Baudouin Centner. "In-House Developed Methodologies and Tools for Decommissioning Projects." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7350.
Full textAbstract:
The paper describes different methodologies and tools developed in-house by Tractebel Engineering to facilitate the engineering works to be carried out especially in the frame of decommissioning projects. Three examples of tools with their corresponding results are presented: - The LLWAA-DECOM code, a software developed for the radiological characterization of contaminated systems and equipment. The code constitutes a specific module of more general software that was originally developed to characterize radioactive waste streams in order to be able to declare the radiological inventory of critical nuclides, in particular difficult-to-measure radionuclides, to the Authorities. In the case of LLWAA-DECOM, deposited activities inside contaminated equipment (piping, tanks, heat exchangers ...) and scaling factors between nuclides, at any given time of the decommissioning time schedule, are calculated on the basis of physical characteristics of the systems and of operational parameters of the nuclear power plant. This methodology was applied to assess decommissioning costs of Belgian NPPs, to characterize the primary system of Trino NPP in Italy, to characterize the equipment of miscellaneous circuits of Ignalina NPP and of Kozloduy unit 1 and, to calculate remaining dose rates around equipment in the frame of the preparation of decommissioning activities; - The VISIMODELLER tool, a user friendly CAD interface developed to ease the introduction of lay-out areas in a software named VISIPLAN. VISIPLAN is a 3D dose rate assessment tool for ALARA work planning, developed by the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK·CEN. Both softwares were used for projects such as the steam generators replacements in Belgian NPPs or the preparation of the decommissioning of units 1&2 of Kozloduy NPP; - The DBS software, a software developed to manage the different kinds of activities that are part of the general time schedule of a decommissioning project. For each activity, when relevant, algorithms allow to estimate, on the basis of local inputs, radiological exposures of the operators (collective and individual doses), production of primary, secondary and tertiary waste and their characterization, production of conditioned waste, release of effluents, ... and enable the calculation and the presentation (histograms) of the global results for all activities together. An example of application in the frame of the Ignalina decommissioning project is given.
6
Elizondo, Hazel A., Bereket Lebassi, and Jorge E. Gonzalez-Cruz. "Modeling and Validation of Building Thermal Performance of the 2007 Santa Clara University Solar Decathlon House." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54044.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainability is an issue of great importance in the building and energy sectors. In the United States, about 40% of total energy use is in buildings, 30% of raw materials are used in buildings, 30% of waste outputs come from buildings, 30% of greenhouse gas emissions are attributed to buildings, and 12% of potable water consumption occurs in buildings. Thus, there is a great necessity for the rapid deployment of highly sustainable buildings that are aesthetic and reliable. Solar houses are highly sustainable and can be designed to be reliable by using streamlined technologies, providing as much power as needed, and by minimizing the energy usage within the building. The US DOE Solar Decathlon offered a great opportunity to test these criteria which were at the same time the fundamental elements taken into consideration when designing the Santa Clara University (SCU) solar house in 2007 [1]. In this research the SCU solar decathlon solar house energy and thermal performances were analyzed. The energy and thermal loads were modeled using EnergyPlus™ software which helps to perform detailed modeling of the energy and thermal performances of buildings. The conditioned space of the building consists of two rectangular shaped zones, the living room and the bedroom, which together are approximately 45ft along the east-west direction and 11ft wide. Wood framing with R-19 insulation, made from recycled jeans, was used for the walls. The roof and the floor are constructed of a bamboo wood frame with foam insulation. Daylighting was maximized through active windows (i.e. electro-chromic), energy efficient appliances were incorporated along with solar thermal air conditioning, heating and hot water. Performance parameters for the mechanical systems were developed from conventionally available technologies and the control set-points were based on DOE Solar Decathlon 2007 (SD07) guidelines [1]. The thermal energy design decisions for the house were based largely on a combination of the solar decathlon contest requirements and that technologies were sustainable and commercially available. The house was tested in Washington DC in October 2007 during the competition and performed excellently well ranking at the top in the following categories: energy balance, thermal comfort, and hot water. Data collected during the event provide the unique opportunity of validating the simulated energy and thermal performances of the house with weather file created from the real-time weather data. The created weather file is used to run new simulations of the SCU SD07 house, from these results we can assess the accuracy of the simulation program used. If accuracy is high enough, annual simulations are executed to demonstrate how the house would perform under extreme climatic conditions in different regions.
7
NUR ALKAN, SEDA, and FATİH YAZICIOĞLU. "HYGROTHERMAL PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL TIMBER-FRAMED HOUSES IN TURKEY." In ECO-ARCHITECTURE 2020. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/arc200101.
Full text
8
Ni, Chun, Hans Rainer, Haijiang Chen, Xilin Lu, Erol Karacabeyli, and Maurizio Follesa. "Assessment of Seismic Resistance of Conventional Wood-Frame Houses." In Structures Congress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40889(201)17.
Full text
9
Szczepanski, Marcin, Wojciech Migda, and Robert Jankowski. "Timber Frame Houses with Different Insulation Materials - Seismic Analysis." In 2017 Baltic Geodetic Congress (BGC Geomatics). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bgc.geomatics.2017.84.
Full text
10
Lahuta, Hynek. "DYNAMIC THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF BUILDING STRUCTURES IN EXPERIMENTAL LIGHTWEIGHT TIMBER-FRAME PASSIVE HOUSE." In 13th SGEM GeoConference NANO, BIO AND GREEN � TECHNOLOGIES FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE. Stef92 Technology, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2013/bf6/s26.008.
Full textReports on the topic "Fraser House"
1
Fraser, Douglas M. Posture Statement of General Douglas M. Fraser, United States Air Force Commander, United States Southern Command, Before the 112th Congress House Armed Services Committee. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada565018.
Full text
2
Rudd, A., and S. Chandra. Side-by-side evaluation of a stressed-skin insulated-core panel house and a conventional stud-frame house. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10134802.
Full text
3
Riley, Michael A., and Fahim Sadek. Experimental testing of roof to wall connections in wood frame houses. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6938.
Full text
4
Clausen, Carol A., Jessie A. Glaeser, Samuel V. Glass, and Charles Carll. Occurrence of mold in a two-story wood-frame house operated at design indoor humidity levels. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-186.
Full text
5
Reis, Evan. Development of Index Buildings, (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/fudb2072.
Full textAbstract:
This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 2: Development of Index Buildings and focuses on the identification of common variations and combinations of materials and construction characteristics of California single-family dwellings. These were used to develop “Index Buildings” that formed the basis of the PEER–CEA Project testing and analytical modeling programs (Working Groups 4 and 5). The loss modeling component of the Project (Working Group 6) quantified the damage-seismic hazard relationships for each of the Index Buildings.
6
Zareian, Farzin, and Joel Lanning. Development of Testing Protocol for Cripple Wall Components (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/olpv6741.
Full textAbstract:
This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA project is to provide scientifically-based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 3.2 and focuses on Loading Protocol Development for Component Testing. It presents the background, development process, and recommendations for a quasi-static loading protocol to be used for cyclic testing of cripple wall components of wood-frame structures. The recommended loading protocol was developed for component testing to support the development of experimentally informed analytical models for cripple wall components. These analytical models are utilized for the performance-based assessment of wood-frame structures in the context of the PEER–CEA Project. The recommended loading protocol was developed using nonlinear dynamic analysis of representative multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems subjected to sets of single-component ground motions that varied in location and hazard level. Cumulative damage of the cripple wall components of the MDOF systems was investigated. The result is a testing protocol that captures the loading history that a cripple wall may experience in various seismic regions in California.
7
Cobeen, Kelly, Vahid Mahdavifar, Tara Hutchinson, Brandon Schiller, David Welch, Grace Kang, and Yousef Bozorgnia. Large-Component Seismic Testing for Existing and Retrofitted Single-Family Wood-Frame Dwellings (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/hxyx5257.
Full textAbstract:
This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. Quantifying the difference of seismic performance of un-retrofitted and retrofitted single-family wood-frame houses has become increasingly important in California due to the high seismicity of the state. Inadequate lateral bracing of cripple walls and inadequate sill bolting are the primary reasons for damage to residential homes, even in the event of moderate earthquakes. Physical testing tasks were conducted by Working Group 4 (WG4), with testing carried out at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) and University of California Berkeley (UCB). The primary objectives of the testing were as follows: (1) development of descriptions of load-deflection behavior of components and connections for use by Working Group 5 in development of numerical modeling; and (2) collection of descriptions of damage at varying levels of peak transient drift for use by Working Group 6 in development of fragility functions. Both UCSD and UCB testing included companion specimens tested with and without retrofit. This report documents the portions of the WG4 testing conducted at UCB: two large-component cripple wall tests (Tests AL-1 and AL-2), one test of cripple wall load-path connections (Test B-1), and two tests of dwelling superstructure construction (Tests C-1 and C-2). Included in this report are details of specimen design and construction, instrumentation, loading protocols, test data, testing observations, discussion, and conclusions.
8
Reis, Evan, Yousef Bozorgnia, Henry Burton, Kelly Cobeen, Gregory Deierlein, Tara Hutchinson, Grace Kang, et al. Project Technical Summary (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/feis4651.
Full textAbstract:
This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER-CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 7: Reporting and is a summary of the PEER–CEA Project work performed by Working Groups 1–6. This report does not present new information apart from the rest of the project, and its purpose is to serve as a reference for researchers and catastrophe modelers wishing to understand the objectives and key findings of the project. The key overall findings of the PEER–CEA Project are summarized in Chapters 8 and 10, which describe the efforts of the WG5 and WG6 Working Groups. The reader is referred to the individual reports prepared by the Working Groups for comprehensive information on the tasks, methodologies, and results of each.
9
Schiller, Brandon, Tara Hutchinson, and Kelly Cobeen. Cripple Wall Small-Component - Test Program: Comparisons (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/lohh5109.
Full textAbstract:
This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 4 (WG4): Testing, whose central focus was to experimentally investigate the seismic performance of retrofit and existing cripple walls. Amongst the body of reports from WG4, in the present report, a suite of four small cripple wall test phases, in total 28 specimens, are cross compared with varied exterior finishes, namely stucco (wet) and non-stucco (dry) exterior finishes. Details representative of era specific construction, specifically the most vulnerable pre-1960s construction are of predominant focus in the present effort. Experiments involved imposition of combined vertical loading and quasi-static reversed cyclic lateral load onto cripple walls of 12 ft in length and 2 ft or 6 ft in height. All specimens in this report were constructed with the same boundary conditions and tested with the same vertical load. Parameters addressed in this report include: wet exterior finishes (stucco over framing, stucco over horizontal lumber sheathing, and stucco over diagonal lumber sheathing); and dry exterior finishes (horizontal siding, horizontal siding over diagonal sheathing, and T1-11 wood structural panels) with attention towards cripple wall height and the retrofit condition. The present report provides only a brief overview of the test program and setup; whereas a series of three prior reports present results of test groupings nominally by exterior finish type (wet versus dry). As such, herein the focus is to cross compare key measurements and observations of the in-plane seismic behavior of all 28 specimens.
10
Schiller, Brandon, Tara Hutchinson, and Kelly Cobeen. Cripple Wall Small-Component Test Program: Wet Specimens I (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/dqhf2112.
Full textAbstract:
This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 4: Testing and focuses on the first phase of an experimental investigation to study the seismic performance of retrofitted and existing cripple walls with sill anchorage. Paralleled by a large-component test program conducted at the University of California [Cobeen et al. 2020], the present study involves the first of multiple phases of small-component tests conducted at the UC San Diego. Details representative of era-specific construction, specifically the most vulnerable pre-1960s construction, are of predominant focus in the present effort. Parameters examined are cripple wall height, finish materials, gravity load, boundary conditions, anchorage, and deterioration. This report addresses the first phase of testing, which consisted of six specimens. Phase 1 including quasi-static reversed cyclic lateral load testing of six 12-ft-long, 2-ft high cripple walls. All specimens in this phase were finished on their exterior with stucco over horizontal sheathing (referred to as a “wet” finish), a finish noted to be common of dwellings built in California before 1945. Parameters addressed in this first phase include: boundary conditions on the top, bottom, and corners of the walls, attachment of the sill to the foundation, and the retrofitted condition. Details of the test specimens, testing protocol, instrumentation; and measured as well as physical observations are summarized in this report. In addition, this report discusses the rationale and scope of subsequent small-component test phases. Companion reports present these test phases considering, amongst other variables, the impacts of dry finishes and cripple wall height (Phases 2–4). Results from these experiments are intended to provide an experimental basis to support numerical modeling used to develop loss models, which are intended to quantify the reduction of loss achieved by applying state-of-practice retrofit methods as identified in FEMA P-1100, Vulnerability-Base Seismic Assessment and Retrofit of One- and Two-Family Dwellings.