Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Frasne (Doubs)'
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Bouvard, André. "Les peuplements castraux de la montagne du Doubs." Nancy 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN21027.
Full textThis thesis is part of a research programme at the University of Nancy under the supervision of M. Bur. By associating both ground and textual study, it aims to make a thorough list of the castle settlements in the Doubs, a district bordering Switzerland and whose make-up is 75% mountains. In the first volume, the author strives to bring underline the main features of the grouping together around a castle phenomenon which took place after the year thousand. Except for Montbeliard which appears in the 10th century, and, a few other sites (Rougemont, Vercel. . . ), the dates are generally the thirteenth and beginning of the fourteenth century. These can be explained by the late development of the mountains and the plateau, and, by the initiatives of some noble lineages Chalon, Montfaucon and later Neufchatel exploit the lack of county and episcopal power from the end of the 12th century onwards. Consequently most of these burghs undergo a difficult development exacerbated by the choice of site, characterized in 90% of cases by dominant relief. Sub-equipped religiously speaking, a little better off commercially speaking, they are characterized by extreme modesty, 57% of them are smaller than two hectares. There is only one town, Montbeliard. The other places are just big villages which will become district country towns. Such conditions make it difficult to talk about the set-up of a second urban network. These burghs are very fragile: almost one out of two (45%) are abandoned between the end of the 15th. And the beginning of the 19th century. The three other volumes present the 71 sites selected according to a structure which is always identical: firstly a topographical summary or a map to a scale of 1/2500e, based on the present cadaster, then a note including a description of the site, a body of texts and pictures followed by historical background and finally a bibliography
Sauty, Christophe. "L'homme et la basse vallée du Doubs de Petit-Noir (39) à Verdun-sur-le-Doubs (71) : entre mémoire et histoire." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA1020.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to perceive the state of the settlement during the different prehistorical and historical periods (from the ancient prehistory to the modern or contemporary times) and to study its evolution in the specific context of the lower valley of the Doubs river on a plan which runs from Petit-Noir / Neublans, at the limit of the Jura, to the confluence Saône / Doubs in Saône-et-Loire. It corresponds to about twenty cities. This zone is a wetland, deeply affected by the Doubs river; an important aspect of the problematic is therefore to give a better understanding of the relationship men could have with a milieu, which was both hostile (floods) and attractive (communication, agriculture). That’s why we have meant to define the milieu in which men were able to settle at various moments thanks to the use of various sciences (palynology, geology, climatology, pedology, etc. ) we defined the milieu in which men lived; besides, we could study the evolution of the lower riverbed of the Doubs for the last five centuriesthrough the use of ancient maps and thanks to the air missions of the National Geographic Institute. We can thus split our zone into two parts. One goes from Petit-Noir to Mont-les-Seurre where the river had an intense alluvial dynamic (meander, forks, braids)* the other runs from Mont-Les-Seurre to Verdun-sur-le-Doubs, where the Doubs river has not evolved so much since at least Proto-History (certified presence of quite stable fords). Situated between the plain of Dôle (le Finage) to the North, ‘la Bresse Jurassienne’ and ‘Burgundian’ to the West and to the South and also the Burgundian margin to the West this area of the Lower Valley of ‘le Doubs’ is, on the human level, a buffer zone for different reasons: buffer zone between ‘la bourgogne’ and ‘la franche-comté’, it was already settled by the Eduens and the Sequanes during Antiquity (from the Iron Age to the Roman Period) ; situated on the fundamental axis between four rivers, Rhône – Saône – Doubs – Rhin, it’s certainly been a trade zone since the Paleolithic and was indeed settled by agrarian populations since the Neolithic. Concerning Protohistory as well as the Roamn times, our corpus confirms that the rural settelement increased, that the road network improved tremendously, and that trades became more dynamic; while in the Middle Ages appeared a new system of geographic organisation and space management which announced the changes to come. In the end, although until 1950 the number of known sites remained minimal – giving the image of a zone which was deserted for natural reasons, the new prospectings of the 1980s allow to notice more than one thousand of archeological impacts, proving today that this zone had been by no means a no man’s land but had actually been a very active area since Prehistory. For all these questions (volume 1) we have intended to mobilise all the possible historical and archeological datas, which explains the large amount of invory datas in this thesis (volume 2, 3 and 4). Concerning the method, our biggest difficulty was less to find in different places the documentary ressources we needed to build up our problematic than to articulated these different series of ressources together; series which constantly waver between dated, not dated or dated approximately, between continuous and fragmented, punctual and belonging to spatiality or else between limited and territorialized. That’s why it had an impact on the archeological discourse, placing it between History and Memory
Hanus, Christophe. "La concurrence entre les lignées familiales dans la transmission du rapport au territoire : l'exemple du val de Mouthe." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BESA1001.
Full textThis study, placed in the “val de Mouthe” (Doubs, France), a region that stretches along the French-Swiss border and the Jura mountains, describes the process that carries out certain agents to migrate and others to stay in the district or close to the location where part or most of their four forefathers lived. Here, the entry is the territory, the persons questioned have all had, at one moment, a relation with it. Mouthe, “little French Siberia”, is well known for its weather conditions particularly rough, holds the official record of cold in France, and constitue an interesting research ground as its history is marked by many conflicts that are not caused by an opposition between the established and the outsiders, but by the type of cultural and economical development that one and another wish to impose locally, orchestrate by a historical competition between the State and the Church. By crating genealogical trees of three generations – that take into account the maternel descendents and the paternel descendents of Ego parents – we observe that beyond macro sociological factors and speeches of the people interviewed insisting on their liberty of movement and action, the competition between the descendents is predominant in the progress of their residential journey and directs durably their choices
Abram, Gilles. "Les déplacements motorisés dans l'agglomération bisontine et leurs conséquences énergétiques." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1023.
Full textPezzoli, François. "Les pratiques du stationnement résidentiel en centre urbain : Evaluer l'acceptabilité des conditions de stationnement dans une perspective d'aide à la décision." Besançon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BESA1008.
Full textBouvard, André. "Châteaux et bourgs de la montagne du Doubs." [Montbéliard] (BP 251, 25204) : Société d'émulation de Montbéliard, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40958303v.
Full textMoine, Alexandre. "Modélisation de la demande de logements en zone frontalière : un outils d'aide à la décision appliqué au marché local de Morteau (Doubs)." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1037.
Full textIt's very difficult to understand the formation and anticipate the evolution of housing demand, especially in case of border zones. They depend on occupants mobility according to life cycle, housing strategy, income, socio-economic contexte, and disponibility of houses; and occur residential moves. In the case of local analysis, in morteau, near the swiss border, we compare the local market with a complex system where all the elements which explain occupant mobility are in interaction. Owing to an approach based on systemic method, and particulary on dynamic system according to JW. Forrester, we build a computer program in order to simulate demand evolution, and to identify the main causes which blocked the market in relation with the evolution of the number of frontier workers
Berlioz, Élisabeth. "Écoles et protestantisme dans le Pays de Montbéliard de 1769 à 1833." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040126.
Full textThe "Pays of Montbéliard", Lutheran French-speaking country, was owned by the Wurtemberg since the 14th century and was linked to France in 1793. The studies of the schools allow to determine if there was a specific Lutheran way of schooling. Landing a bridge between the German and the French eras, the author distinguished the various elements of schooling inheritance, claimed within the administrative tribulations, by a population who was so proud of its spiritual identity. The research shows that primary education had for goal the salvation of children 'soul, while the secondary school instruction the one of the ministers formation. In the 18th century a strong network of schools grown in every village and the city of Montbéliard offered a great choice of primary, secondary schools and charity institutions. Administrative change after the 1789'Revolution did not damage in rural areas this network, which was the base of an heavy winter schooling. Instead, financial troubles of the "communes" affected the urban secondary school, the maintenance of schools 'building as well as the school-attendance of the poorest. Also, the school-attendance was negatively affected by the industrialization. These troubles began to be fixed after 1816, when ministers inside the "county councils" found again their old functions of the school-keeper and resume the talking with the administration. They tried with the leading citizens to train teachers, to create schools inside the factories, to change curricula, pedagogical methods and to open education to the secular world. In that way, they wished to perpetuate the education's spiritual aim; in 1833 teacher still led children through the pass of the salvation by the way of the reading and writing
Cupillard, Christophe. "Le Mésolithique et le début du Néolithique dans la haute Vallée du Doubs : contextes, mouvement des recherches et bilan stratigraphique." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA1013.
Full textThe drainage basin of the upper Doubs valley stretches over 910 km2 in central Jura, between Switzerland and France. The area is clearly karstic, and comprises many lacustrine and palustrine formations whose fillings provided essential data to assess the environmental conditions and the evolution of prehistoric societies during Tardiglacial and the beginning of Holocene. We present here a revision of the prehistoric peopling based on the study of pollen evidences gathered on 18 references sites and on the data provided by the archaeological excavations of « la Roche aux Pêcheurs » and « les Prés Mourey » (Villers-le-Lac, France) and « le Col des Roches » (Le Locle, Switzerland). The earlier human settlements following the würm glacier melt can be dated to the Azilian, at the beginning of the Alleröd 12000 to 11500 cal BC. The peopling of the area starts again around 7500 cal CB. Five stages were mainly recognised between 7500 to 3900 cal BC, they document the end of the Mesolithic and the beginning of the Neolithic : Stage 1 is middle Mesolithic, end of the VIIIth millenium cal BC ; Stage 2 is late Mesolithic, 6700 to 6500 cal BC ; Stage 3 is final Mesolithic 1 between 6000 to 5300 cal BC ; Stage 4 is final Mesolithic 2 or early Neolithic, 5300 to 4900 cal BC ; Stage 5 is middle Neolithic (Saint-Uze Style) between 4900 and 3900 cal BC
Cuénot, Claude. "Ouvriers et mouvement ouvrier dans le Doubs de la fin de la première guerre mondiale au début des années 1950." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOL016.
Full textDevillers, Gérard. "La mission d'éducation permanente de Montbéliard : contribution à l'étude de l'éducabilité des adultes." Lyon 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO20007.
Full textWithin the expansion of vocational training policy, in 1975, the state and the local governments found "permanent education" organisms for under-privileged groups (young and unemployed people, women, emigrants), in order to increase their social and professional mobility. In montbeliard, situated in the heart of the Z. U. P. , the frame named M. E. P. (mission d'éducation permanente) ran since 1975 to 1983, with help from three partners : the state, the township and the rector. As the MEP, through social and pedagogic practices applied to these lower publics, reached her target, the financial power decided to stop all vocational training activities (1983). The investigation is trying to analyse the reasons of the cessation of the organism by evaluating his inner method of functioning and the local challenges is standing for. The investigation is conducing too, by the experience that it's studying, to specify the pedagogy practices suited to a public not much familiarized with the scholastic world, as well as the institutional working allowing to develop a social innovation
Berthold, Raphaël. "La gestion durable des ressources halieutiques : approche socioéconomique et écologique pour la préservation et la valorisation de la pêche de loisir dans le département du Doubs." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA1033.
Full textLeisure fishing integrates the three poles characterising durable development by presenting important ecological and socio-economic stakes. We suggest to show the several advantages of this application by comparing the attractiveness (related to the fishermen) of several fishing courses presenting different water quality's and piscicultural wealth's. These conditions can square to an ecological evolution of streams but are also the fact of anthropological interventions with varied consequences. So we will show how man can act on these environments and by there on the presence or the absence of strong patrimonial value species and how these two factors act on the intensity of the leisure fishing practice. We will also see that the brooks and the rivers have many ecological and physical connection's proving that a coherent management of the rivers must include the whole of the catchment area
Moindrot, Dominique. "Influence de la fusion nivale sur le bilan hydrologique et la qualité des eaux de trois bassins expérimentaux en moyenne montagne (Haut-Doubs)." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2048.
Full textHouot, Hélène. "Approche géographique des nuisances sonores urbaines : méthodologie d'aide à la prise en compte des nuisances sonores en aménagement urbain : application à la ville de Besançon." Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA1018.
Full textDeblock, Michel. "Le clergé constitutionnel du département du Doubs pendant la Révolution ou l'utopie d'une religion républicaine." Besançon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BESA1020.
Full textThis study concerns the reactions of a relatively little group of the clergy in the Doubs diocese, who, in 1791, chose to accept the Civil Constitution of the Clergy. Up to now the historiography of these priests has been ecclesiastical, and often reactionary, stigmatizing those who swore the oath of november 1790, and in particular the former monks, who, as intrus, that is priests not recognised as canonical appointments, became the parish priests in the absence of the original incumbents. A wealth of documentation has enabled the writer to put the conflicting forces operating at the time back into their context, emphasising the religious and political actions of the clergy, as they attempted to reconcile their pastoral duties with certain revolutionary ideals. After the wave of resignations (abdications) of Year II we witness, in 1795, the birth of the National Church of Doubs, which tried to organise itself at the instigation of the “United Bishops in Paris”, ( les Evêques Réunis à Paris). This involved the setting up of a church council or presbytère, the election of a bishop and the reestablishment of a Church practice based on councils and diocesan synods. The Concordat of 1801 saw a new chapter of this adventure begin, with the authorities and archbishop Le Coz trying to bring the opposing clergies together. The project failed, as the constitutional clergy, under the pressure of an ultramontane hierarchy closely tied to the Bourbons, was forced to retract their oath of 1790. The utopia of a rapprochement between the religious sphere and the republican state was to disappear for a long time. We have associated the community of Quatre Terres to our study, as this area, of largely Lutheran persuasion, formed part of the territory of the Doubs. This study of a cohort of 823 individuals also lends itself to a prosopographical approach, permitting investigations in numerous fields and a statistical treatment of the issues involved. This naturally leads to a repertoire, which forms the second volume of the thesis
Thévenin, Thomas. "Quand l'information géographique se met au service des transports publics urbains : une approche spatio-temporelle appliquée à l'agglomération bisontine." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA1012.
Full textGervasoni, François-Xavier. "Système pénitentiaire et réalités locales : les prisons du département du Doubs au XIXe siècle." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOD005.
Full textGauzente, Boris. "Les abbayes et les couvents de Besançon à la fin du Moyen âge (1350-1500) : des établissements urbains entre crise et renaissance : implantations, organisations et relations extérieures." Besançon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA1035.
Full textWhere we introduce Besançon’s abbeys and convents History between 1350 and 1500. How several establishments – different by their ages, lifestyles, activities and religious functions - try to face the same events - demographic, economic, religious crises and wars of the low Middle Ages - according to their own customs and with different material and spiritual success. The regular canons of Saint-Paul, the Benedictines of Saint-Vincent and the Cistercians of Notre-Dame of Battant distinguish themselves from mendicants friars - Dominicans, Franciscans and Carmelites - and even more with Clarisses, returned to a strict rule of poverty by Colette, reformer nun of the order of St. Clare at the beginning of the XVth century. From the municipal sources and the ancient archives of these abbeys and convents, we tried to understand what was the reality of such establishments in these disturbed time. We mainly held the material subjects (buildings and the many construction sites mentioned as well as an approach of the temporal in the county of Burgundy and in the city of Besançon), the social study of the monks and the nuns as well as their organization within their respective community and their roles. The municipal archives, a strikingly rich fund, allowed us to understand how the monastic and conventual establishments of the city of Besançon fitted into the urban, economic and religious life, and what were their relations with the city authorities. In this search for the links with the outside, we also mentionned the case of the count of Burgundy, lord of the province but not of the city, who is also the duke of Burgundy, to try to understand how nuns and monks open to the world in a time when the laic power tends to assert itself especially since the pope ones are weakened by the Western Schism and the conciliar crisis which follows
Brocard, Nicole. "Établissements hospitaliers et assistance dans le diocèse de Besançon aux XIVème et XVème siècles." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA1017.
Full textJassey, Vincent. "Impact d’un réchauffement climatique sur le fonctionnement de la sphagnosphère : relations polyphenols-communautés microbiennes." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA2011/document.
Full textCarbon stocks of Sphagnum-peatlands are likely to be altered by climate warming due to important changes in “Sphagnum-microorganisms” relationships which are responsible for carbon sequestration. The objectives of the thesis are (1) to identify the chemical interactions between Sphagnum-polyphenols and Sphagnum associated microbial communities and (2) to understand the impact of warming on these relationships.An experimental design using Open-Top-Chambers (OTC) was used to simulate an increase of air temperatures (+1°C) on a peatland situated in Jura Mountains (Frasne, 25). Temperature increase induced a modification of the microbial food web with an increase of the biomass of bacteria and a strong decrease of the biomass of top-predators (-70%), i.e. testate amoebae. Warming also induced a decrease of Sphagnum-polyphenols, diminishing their inhibitory effect on microbial communities. In parallel, an increase of phenoloxidase enzymatic activities was recorded in OTC. Climate warming thus modified polyphenol-phenoloxidase interplay, two crucial components of carbon cycle in peatlands. Warming effects on the different components – i.e. polyphenols, phenoloxidases, microbial food web – induced a modification of Sphagnum-microbial communities interplay, favoring carbon and nutrient recycling, which could alter peatland functioning in long-term
Tannier, Cécile. "Les localisations commerciales de détail en milieu urbain : mieux connaitre par la modélisation pour mieux aménager : réalisation d'un modèle d'évaluation de l'attractivité des agrégats commerciaux d'une ville pour différents types d'établissements commerciaux de détail." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA1010.
Full textMischi, Dominique. "Institutions et magistrats municipaux à Baume-les-Dames (1576-1793)." Besançon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BESA1021.
Full textIn 1576, Philippe II's letters of patent concede to the city of Baume-les-Dames a justice of town condl and grant the middle class to elect a mayor. The rules of Dole parliament institute a stricter rigour for the local organisation and a way of election which favours an oligarchic system. The annexion of Franch'Country to France in 1674 hasn't drastically changed this system because each time there are new rules, the spanish institutional basis are modulated according to the needs. Yet, the intendant tries hard to maintain his supervision on the whole council, he keeps an eye on every election and controls the administration of municiplal affairs. In addition to that, the venality of the offices instituted in 1692 has tarnished the local institution and ended in incoherences. Indeed, the town creditors remain in the concil as they please up to 1765. At that time, the office have been paind back. In the context, the restoring of the venality of the offices produce a real imbroglio. Only Laverdy's reform in 1765 comes out the institutional yoke of the + ancien regime ; ; it limits the intendant's action and imposes a more important control of the notables assembly. However, that reform was short-lived and, in 1771, Terray imposes a new venal system which goes against the current. Finally the revolution completes this slow work of erosion and brings deep institutional change with in particular, a suffrage bases on property qualification. Globally the analysis of the formation of the concil has permitted to reveal broad oligarchic leanings, the city governement is far from representing the whole inhabitants. Eventually, the complicated interplay of institutions works so that it excludes the masses from the decisions, the majority of people who belong to the council come from the judicial power
Kalyntschuk, Mathieu. "Entre agricolisation et pastoralisation : Histoire sociale du développement agricole et de ses acteurs dans le département du Doubs, XIXe siècle – première moitié du XXe siècle." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20113/document.
Full text« There is nowhere such a large number of agronomists who devote their talents and their days to discover and spread useful truths, nor such a large number of excellent works on agriculture, and there is nowhere such a large number of ignorant farmers, incapable of understanding what it would be important for them to appreciate ». Such is the panorama of French agriculture drawn up in 1821 by Désiré Ordinaire, member of the Agricultural Society of the Doubs. This picture of agricultural France with little ability to innovate – except for the great landowner agronomists – has long been fixed in the minds of researchers, who have often considered that agriculture started to develop with the high productivity of the 1960s. We believe that « agricultural development »is, however, an older process, rooted in individual or collective initiatives which were sometimes very early. After clarifying the concept of « agricultural development », we therefore seek to prove that French agriculture had already been dynamic during the nineteenth century. The example of the Doubs department enables us to study how it moved on to pastoral specialization. The analysis of the actors of the agricultural development during the 19th and 20th centuries, backed by prosopographical and micro-historical methods, allows us to throw light on the changes in agriculture, on their chronology.Finally, the monitoring of over 800 people – members of the Agricultural Society, of the country fair and consultative chambers, of the trade unions and mutual insurance companies, or else prizewinners – enables us to specify and date the periods when the agrarian elite, the actors in this development, emerged. This elite did not necessarily choose pastoral specialization, thus showing a complex relationship between agriculturalisation and pastoralization
Girard-Hainz, Brigitte. "Mythes et réalités urbaines dans la vie associative de quartier : imaginaires de la ville, mémoires et identités collectives dans la construction de la solidarité associative à Saint-Ferjeux (Besançon)." Besançon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BESA1001.
Full textThis thesis aims to understand the modes in which local groups and organisations are rooted in the area, following a monographical approach based on the points of view of members of local voluntary groups sharing the same urban entity of reference : the Saint-Ferjeux district, in the city of Besançon. It highlights the ways in which they contribute to the construction of representations of interwoven urban territories - everyday life, residential and/or emotional territories and local community group territories - by fostering the Myth of a Village-Area within the city, which is both an account of origins and a utopia, like an ideal City providing a framework for local community life and allowing the experimentation of many forms of local community group solidarity
Fruchart, Catherine. "Analyse spatiale et temporelle des paysages de la forêt de Chailluz (Besançon, Doubs) de l'Antiquité à nos jours." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA1022/document.
Full textToday Besancon has the highest percentage of green space per inhabitant among France’s largest cities. 3/4 of it are made up by the Forêt de Chailluz, a large forest which has maintained its present day extents for over six centuries. Scientific research reporting on the nature and value of its heritage was still to do. One objective of this thesis is to detect, identify and document the history and heritage of this forest, ultimately aiming to its preservation and to inform a large audience about its value. This thesis is also a contribution to a collective thinking worked out in several research programs that develop methods for processing high-resolution altimetry data (LiDAR) to analyze landscape changes over the long term (LIEPPEC), that develop advanced concepts and methods for a better knowledge of socio-environmental dynamics over the long term (ModeLTER) and that explore territorial dynamics at regional scale to transmit results and knowledge to local stakeholders, giving advice on innovative and sustainable actions to support (ODIT). Within this collective framework, my PhD research is a contribution to the development of methods and knowledge for a better understanding of long term interactions between man and its environment. My interdisciplinary study combines archeology, history, geography and forestry and consists in analyzing LiDAR datasets and collecting and synthesizing written and graphical historical archives and recent documents. It also involved extended archaeological field surveys. Thesis provides a global historic perspective on the forest and on the use of wood, as attested by ancient texts or archeological evidence. It exposes diverse viewpoints and concepts carried out about woodland – diversity of uses through time and diversity of viewpoints about forest today. It also outlines specific historic data relating to the Forêt de Chailluz and details the current literature: previously known archaeological data, geographical and environmental information. It describes methodologies chosen to process the research and the main steps of LiDAR data analysis. Study focuses then on a spatial analysis of archeological features that includes factors influencing conservation and visibility of features to the soil surface. Thesis describes the method used for field surveys and methodology for georeferencing ancient maps. Eventually, results obtained are detailed, features organization and functions identified (features relating to cultivation and inhabitation, roads and tracks, charcoal burning platforms, limekilns and quarries). Dissertation ends with an interpretive synthesis of Forêt de Chailluz land use over time (Roman, Medieval and Modern periods)
Roumiguié, Sébastien. "La politique sportive des villes moyennes : le cas de Perpignan et Besançon." Perpignan, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PERP0904.
Full textFrom the case of two intermediate cities, Perpignan and Besançon, derive three questions: what politic of the sports supply should they offer? How should they fit on the sports demand? Which strategy do they approve facing the public competitions, dues to the multiplication of actors, and facing the private competition relating to the sport globalization?The historic establishment of the sports branches is confronted to the process of unterritorialisation, on the one hand take off the responsibility of the financing to the local authority, but on the other hand reduce their role. The elaboration of necessary tools for the evaluation of sports equipments and shows permits to emphasize the problems of choice in the intermediate cities identified in a specific sports system but unable to come up to the whole sports spheres. The unsuitability for the sport supply to the actual demand in the intermediate cities allows us to create a new sport system in France
Frontin, Deborah. "Économie de pêche au Mésolithique et diversité piscicole à l'Holocène ancien dans le bassin hydrographique du Doubs." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H007/document.
Full textThis dissertation focuses on understanding fishing practices and their role in human subsistence economies during the Late-Glacial/Earl Holocene transition, through the ichtyo-archaeological study of over 11,000 fish bone remains. The remains original from four archaeological sites of the Doubs hydrographical basin (Jura, France), namely the Cabônes rock-shelter in Ranchot ( 1 very large assemblage dating from the Boreal period),Rochedane in Villars-sous-Dampjoux (5 assemblages spanning the Epipaleolithic to the Mesolithic), Gigot in Bretonvillers (2 mesolithic assemblages) and Roche-aux-Pêcheurs in Villers-le-Lac (2 mesolithic assemblages). After an initial reassessment of the most common analytical tools used in ichtyo-archaeology, we developed a thorough protocol allowing bath the characterisation of our assemblages (origin of deposit, taxonomical identification, quantification, body-size and weight estimates and the economic analysis of fishing as a subsistence activity. Fishing appears to have been practiced year-round, with an increase in catch at the beginning of the warm season. The activity stayed very local, and targeted ail of the available species. Fishermen seem to have favoured intermediate river environments, such as shallow banks o side channels, most suitable for setting fish-traps. The prey was then consumed directly on site, apparently without any prior preparation, and the refuse was discarded in the immediate vicinity, often around healths. Late-Glacial and Early Holocene societies of France demonstrate an excellent command of the exploitation of fluvial resources, and fishing appears to have been optimized to maximise yield-to-effort ratios
Mairry, Louis. "La vie politique dans le departement du doubs sous la troisieme republique (1870-1940)." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040075.
Full textUnder the third republic, from 1870 to 1940, the departement of the doubs had a singular political evolution. First, it chose the republic and the left: in 1885 every parlementary is republican and the radicals dominate politival life in the departement from 1898 to 1914. But in 1936 it's of the few departements which provides it self solely with members of parliament form the right (five), when its three senators have been from the right since 1921. When, how, why this change from legt to right? contrary to the popular opinion, this turnaround isn't due to the great war (1914-1918) which in the political world was nerely a parenthesis ("sacred union"). In fact, the electoral reconquest by the right begins as early as 1900-1901, based on local ballots (country and municipal) first, to lead to senatorial and legislative successe. To this, three reasons: a moderate right, united and disciplined around strong personalities (r. De moustier, g. Pernot, g. Japy); the decline of the radicals, divides and with no programme; the refusal of political extrimism, from the left as from the right
Ben, Abdallah Kaouthar. "Étude de l’intégration linguistique des nouveaux arrivants : une enquête sociolinguistique au collège Diderot de Besançon (Doubs)." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA1021/document.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the linguistic integration of newcomers in the context of French as a SecondLanguage in France. It has the following objectives: to describe and understand the languagebehaviour of the group investigated. Both in the research questions and in the methodology, weadopted a micro-sociolinguistic approach. Anchored in sociolinguistics and didactics, our research isarticulated to the theme of immigration and was constructed from an empirical-inductive approach. Tounderstand better the issues related to migration phenomena and the induced integration processes, wehave put the concept of linguistic integration at the centre of this research. The thesis uses alongitudinal and qualitative approach, which reflexivity gives priority to fieldwork. The linguisticintegration process is evolutionary and takes time. The aim was to analyze how this process builds anddevelops through communicative social networks for these young people learning French. Then wehave considered how these instances influence the language uses of the subjects surveyed. The resultsshow a significant presence of the French language in the practices described by the children withinthese networks. Thus, their linguistic integration is initiated. However, these behaviours are not stable.They are much more the result of "adaptation" to social networks and language, than a final andpersonal choice of a language. So these results shall not be taken as the realization of permanentlinguistic practices but as a provisional state in an integration process under way. Some of our findingscould be used to develop curricula and learning programs for French as a second language in a Frenchcontext. Other findings could greatly help teachers’ educators to prepare future and currentlyemployed teachers to integrate newcomers into their "normal" classes better. The presence of thesepupils in the French education system implies urgency in developing a didactics for multilingualism,which would take into account the linguistic realities of newcomer pupils
Chenevez, Alain. "La Saline d'Arc-et Senans- : étude socio-historique d'une conversion culturelle. : de l'usine vivante au patrimoine mondial de l'Unesco : entre mémoire et justification utopique." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA1027.
Full textThe Arc-et-Senans saltworks, today a cultural center, was a factory from 1778 to 1895. A first chapter relates the working-class life during the industrial concern. Administrative data partly retrace the social history of the saltworkers' world. Besides, the saltworks reached an exceptional status when they were inscribed on the Unesco world heritage list in 1982. A second chapter relates the history of conciliation, compromises, but also conflicts, exclusions and choices among various destinations or uses of the site. Cooperations, interdependencies networks, original interactions have allowed a particular transformation of the previous saltworks. The originality, in this case, is a cultural reconversion that is not in relationship with the history of the living factory, but based on Claude-Nicolas Ledoux's architecture, that is now considered as one of an utopia's essential elements
Rappenne, Tedy. "La tutelle administrative en Franche-Comté dans la deuxième moitié du XVIIIe siècle : l'intendant et les communautés d'habitants de l'actuel département du Doubs." Nancy 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN20003.
Full textHatzfeld, Nicolas. "Organiser, produire, éprouver : histoire et présent de l'usine de carrosserie de Peugeot à Sochaux, 1948-1996." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0014.
Full textMonnin, Éric. "L'olympisme : pratiques et représentations en milieu scolaire." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA1018.
Full textQuestions inevitably arise from the growth of the olympic phenomenon along with the general fervour it creates around the globe. To answer them one should look back to the times of ancient Greece when the Olympic Games appeared; thus, one gets a better understanding of what Pierre de Coubertin had in mind when he revived them in 1896. He coined the neologism “olympism” and wished to promote gatherings of peace-minded people from all over the world. But the nature of modern olympism is a complex one, partaking of myth, utopia and ideology. Each of these aspects should be investigated if one wants to grasp how they are perceived in today’s society. Few studies have been made on the theme of olympism in the educational milieu, which offers much scope for research work. Conducting an investigation has proved to be an adequate tool for understanding the practices and perceptions related to olympism among the pupils and physical education teachers in secondary schools. To that end, a survey has been carried out through questionnaires; 273 answers from pupils and 82 from teachers have been collected in the local education authority of Besançon. Processing these answers has made it possible to gauge the gap between the practices and perceptions of the two target groups. Analysing that survey is a real opportunity to reflect on the olympic system and to put forth explanatory hypotheses on the perception of that phenomenon in the educational milieu
Duquet, Bernard. "Étude comparée de l'humification d'une paille marquée à l'azote 15 dans différents sols du plateau calcaire de Besançon." Nancy 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985NAN10382.
Full textBichet, Vincent. "Impact des contraintes environnementales sur la production sédimentaire d'un bassin versant jurassien au cours du postglaciaire. Le système limnologique de Chaillexon (Doubs - France)." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376301.
Full textVivier, Christian. "L'aventure canotière : du canotage à l'aviron : histoire de la Nautique bisontine (1865-1930)." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO19001.
Full textBourgeois, Marc. "Impacts écologiques des formes d'urbanisation : modélisations urbaines et paysagères." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA1029/document.
Full textThe global increase of urbanization during the past decades have induced a progressive artificialization of natural environments. The building of transport infrastructures and new housings causes a landscape fragmentation in an irreversible way and a strong decrease of the connectivity of ecological habitats. Maintaining the functionality of ecological networks is becoming a major goal of sustainable urban planning policies. With a special focus on urban evolutions in the horizon 2030 in the urban area of Besançon in eastern France (residential development and road traffic evolutions), this thesis aims to assess the potential impact of urban forms on landscape connectivity of animal species’ ecological networks. This research work promotes a modelling approach both on the field of theoretical and quantitative geography and landscape ecology.This approach follows three main steps: (1) simulating residential development and its associated road traffic changes using five prospective scenarios of differentiated urban forms; (2) modelling landscape graphs of various animal species using land-cover maps and ecological data; (3) assessing the potential impacts of each scenario on ecological networks from these graphs using connectivity metrics, with measures of the connectivity decrease attributable to each residential development scenario. Contrary to sprawled cities, the results show that compact and dense urban forms best promote the maintenance of ecological connectivity for the majority of species groups. Further analysis highlights the great contribution of road traffic evolutions regarding the ecological impacts of each scenario.According to some sensitivity analysis, the model used is quite robust. It demonstrates the interest of modelling in the decision-making process for environmental conservation and urban planning to think out the city of tomorrow in a sustainable way
Garaix, Thierry. "Etude et résolution exacte de problèmes de transport à la demande avec qualité de service." Avignon, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/53/48/94/PDF/thesegaraix.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis, we address routing problems deriving from on-demand transport systems (ODT). Such systems, combining taxi flexibility with public transport system advantages (grouping, price) seem well suited to the new mobility needs. We define and classify a large set of quality of service criteria. We select three of them among the most representative : the total distance travelled, the vehicle occupancy rate and the passenger wasted-time. We propose branch-and-price solution schemes for the three cases, under the assumption that demands are known in advance. The original quality of service objectives introduce non-standard features into the vehicle routing model, namely a multigraph and a fractional objective function, therefore inducing non-standard algorithms. This work is part of a multidisciplinary project managed by geographers. The implementation of an operational ODT in the Doubs Central area (France) is used as a testing ground for experimentations. For the practical use of this system, we propose an insertion heuristic in addition to the branch-and-price algorithm. A geomatic analysis of the interactions between quality of service criteria and the geographical area is carried out with a Geographic Information System, with a special focus on route shapes and route sinuosity measures
Cournarie, Emmanuelle. "Approche socio-anthropologique d'une reconversion industrielle : de l'horlogerie aux microtechniques à Besançon." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839114.
Full textMora, Frédéric. "Contribution au suivi des variations spatio-temporelles de la fraction circulante des peuplements d'invertébrés épigés en système forestier caducifolié européen (massif de Chaux, France, Doubs et Jura)." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA2051.
Full textThe overall picture of the structure of epifaunal athropods communities in the deciduous forest of Chaux (France) was drawn using an original flight interception trap, the composite entomological trap. This standardised sampling method allowed us to alanyse successively : the seasonal and vertical distribution of entomological communities in a mature oak and beech tree blend forest ; the structure of entomological populations of different mature systems ; the evolution of entomological communities following the maturation of an exploited beech tree forest. The general processes of the faunistic compartmentation was studied, which led us to discover a strong functional response of entomological coomunities in relation with the characteristics of the habitat (vegetal structure, luminosity, humidity. . . ) but also with the availability and distribution of different trophic resources
Carry, Renaud Elisabeth. "L'homme et la forêt dans la Haute-Vallée du Doubs à la fin du Moyen âge : modalités et paradoxes d'une anthropisation tardive." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00839115.
Full textMarc-Blin, Séverine. "Architecture monumentale et décoration architecturale en Gaule de l’est et dans les Germanies à l’époque impériale : Les monuments publics de Mandeure." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20070.
Full textIn Eastern Gaul and Germanies, several monuments still standing witness of the quantity and the quality of public buildings in lingon, aeduan, leuquan, sequan, raurac and helvet territory during the Imperial period. Our knowledge of this monumental architecture remains however incomplete, since there is no monograph dealing with those monuments or any lapidary collection catalog. This study, devoted to the city of Mandeure, reveals an ambitious display of monuments from the augustean period to the tetrarchian's. It is based on the fieldwork carried out since 2001, including digging and more specifically prospecting of all kind. Mandeure, the city where the largest sequani civic sanctuary was located, displayed during the imperial period every monumental elements of a classic roman city: theatre, temples, thermae, monumental gates, horrea, etc. The study of the preserved remains in situ and of isolated blocks unables us to re-establish all the differents process of construction, restitution or redevelopment from the medio-augustean era to the severinian's. The study of the decoration programs allowed us aswell to restore a very rich ornemental repertoire. The influence of italian models, probably coming from Northern Italy and the Narbonese Gaul, is a sign of the classic dimension of those realizations. Several set of large Carrare marble capitals constitute a rare testimony of the work of Italian craftsman in this area
Sauter, Alain. "Evaluation du paysage et politiques publiques : application à l'agglomération de Montbéliard et à la commune de Morez (Franche-Comté)." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910153.
Full textMurgia, Laurie. "Mémoire des lacs et mémoire des sociétés du Moyen Âge à nos jours : approche palynologique et historique de la moyenne montagne jurassienne et alpine (lac de Remoray, Doubs ; glissement de Mont Granier, Savoie)." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA1001/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis was to establish a precise story of the interaction between societies and environment during the last millennium, in two zones of middle mountain area, which are particularly sensitive to the natural hazards as well as to the political, economic and social events, through a set of multiple data. The high-resolution study of two lacustrine sediment cores in two Jura and alpine sites, thanks to the palynological tool - pollen grains, spores and non-pollen palynomorphs - and the study of the historical and archival data allowed us, besides supplying a complementary corpus, to test a comparative approach (pollen vs cadastral data). At Lake Remoray (Doubs, Jura massif, 850 m asl.), the study specified the settlement process. The data of the Early Middle Ages, illustrate one more time that the idea that a forest desert preceding the arrival of the monks land-clearers is to be revised. The installation of religious communities during the XI-XIIIth centuries and the influence of the seigniorial powers in this strategic zone seem however the key stage in the implementation of a sustainable settlement. Economic activities diversify and take their development during the next centuries although certain periods are marked with sociopolitical crises and cross effects, more or less felt, of Little Ice Age. It will be necessary to wait for the XIX-XXth century transition to see the development of the recent silvo-pastoral landscape. Our second site of study finds its origin in what gives to the mountain another identity: the natural risks. The site is the testimony of a zone destroyed in 1248 AD by an immense landslide further to the fall of a part of the Mount Granier (Savoy, massif of the Chartreuse ; 1933 m asl.). This event, depriving the valley of five parishes and a thousand inhabitants quickly engendered a new territory, in terms of topographic, vegetal as well as socioeconomic aspect. The particular observation Lake Saint André lacustrine sequence, formed post-collapse, offered the opportunity to follow step by step this vegetal and human recovery, supported by the geological, geographical, archaeological and historic approaches which liven up the research in a recurring way. The results show of a period of vegetal recolonisation followed by a relatively fast agro-pastoral recovery with, as peculiarity, the implementation of a wine-making territory. The sedimentary recording of this lake allowed following, besides the indications of a varied food-producing farming till the beginning of the XXth century, the particular pollen testimony of the vineyard which will gradually become a monoculture
Petit, Vincent. "Querelle liturgique et identité régionale : le cas du diocèse de Besançon (milieu du XIX)." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010649.
Full textGenre-Grandpierre, Cyrille. "Forme et fonctionnement des réseaux de transport : approche fractale et réflexions sur l'aménagement des villes." Besançon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BESA1008.
Full textAl-Aubali, Fatima Ahmed. "Approche interculturelle visuelle de Sana'a et de Besançon : quel impact didactique ?" Besançon, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BESA1008.
Full textThe intercultural approach makes it possible, in fact, to take on the actual situation of the student, that is, the overlapping of two references of which the inner one (culture of origin) wasn't beforehand taken into consideration. Neither typical methods of language, which constitute the medium of foreign language teaching, nor culture can suffice in withdrawing the cultural elements of a language when it is placed in the hands of another public, defined by the fact that the latter belongs to a given country and therefore to a particular culture. We have chosen to work on the response of intercultural methodology when applied in the franco- yemeni field, in order to offer a teaching activity based on a choice of headings taken from the everyday world of urban sociology : the lounge, stained-glass windows and the street. Thus, aware of the different things which language teaching and culture can bring forth, we have chosen to add to the basic tools of French as a foreign language teaching the visual documents(intercultural images) we produced in the field, along with 2 CD's based on a phenomenological, semiotic, in other words socio-linguistic approach applied on the ground of the two cities chosen for the study : Sana'a (capital) and Besançon (place of residence)
Steinmann, Ronan. "L'influence climatique et anthropique sur trois cours d'eaux bourguignons : géoarchéologie de sites de franchissement sur la Loire, la Saône et le Doubs au cours de l'Holocène." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOL032/document.
Full textA geoarchaeological study was led on four sections of the valleys of the Loire, Saône and Doubs rivers (Burgundy, France) in order to point out the factors influencing the alluvial dynamics on a multimillennial scale, and their effects on the preservation of archaeological information. Investigations started by roman and medieval remains of bridges discovered in active channels, were then carried out on larger parts of alluvial plains, and altogether allowed the evolutions of the channels during the Holocene period to be deducted. Various types of information on alluvial characteristics were crossed through time and space: ancient maps and XXth century or aerial photographs for centennial scale, archaeological data, geomorphological analysis, but mostly alluvial deposits for older periods. Facies analyses on fluvial sediments led to the identification and the reconstitution of successive sedimentary environments through time. The main steps of the evolution of the three rivers, after being identified and dated, were compared to previous studies in order to estimate the respective roles of climatic changes and anthropic influence on alluvial dynamics, on this regional scale, during the Holocene. Preservation of archaeological information in fluvial deposits is therefore discussed here, to reach a better understanding of taphonomic issues in such environmennts, which are potentially rich in archaeological remains
Tolle, Florian. "Paysage et risque sanitaire : Le cas de l'échinococcose alvéolaire, approche multiscalaire." Besançon, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921335.
Full textEchinococcus multilocularis is a parasite of public health importance causing the fatal zoonotic disease alveolar echinococcosis. The parasite's eggs are dispersed in the environment through the fox faeces. Epidemiological issues associated with the disease led to the monitoring of the endemic status in foxes in France and in Europe. Fox faeces collected in the field were tested for the presence of the parasite and assembled in a georeferenced database. GIS-assisted analysis investigated relationships between landscape characteristics and potential risk. Three scale levels were successively explored. In the french Doubs département located in a high endemicity area, binary logistic regression has been used. Landscape indices associated with the presence of positive samples have been identified. The accuracy of the predictive models has been explored using the ROC curves methods. The mapping of landscape factors allowed for the delineation of areas potentially at risk for the parasite's presence. In France, fuzzy k-means have been used to assess optimal scale levels. A typology of landscapes surrounding collected samples has been conducted. The precise prevalence of each landscape type has then been computed. A global map has been established based on the expected susceptibility of the landscape to the parasite's life cycle. At the european scale, climatic data has been introduced and a potential southern limit of extension of the parasite has been determined. These results show the possibilities associated with spatial analysis and modelling tools in health risks issues
Tapie-Grime, Muriel. "L'éternel étudiant : présentation de soi et pratiques résidentielles des nouvelles couches moyennes." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100090.
Full textThose that sociology calls the new middle social levels have - and mostly assert they have - specific relationship with town and housing conditions. Can this specificity be possibly assumed to exist? How is it usually expressed? Can its foundations be explained or at least clarified? In order to answer these three questions, a whole lot of "ethnographic" material (direct observation, photographs, and interviews) was collected in Besancon, Doubs, in 1986. This investigation which was conducted in a micro-social perspective favored observation of the displays of self-presentation through dwelling, a term that includes the representation of urban space, the criteria of habitability of a flat, sociability, as well as fitting out and decorating practices. Interactionism has been used as a conceptual structure for this survey. The categories of analysis have been borrowed from G. H. Mead, H. S. Becker, E. C. Hughes, A. V cicourel, H. Garfinkel, E. Goffman