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Journal articles on the topic 'Fred Soper'
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Gladwell, Malcolm. "Fred Soper and the Global Malaria Eradication Programme." Journal of Public Health Policy 23, no. 4 (2002): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3343244.
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Litsios, Socrates. "René J. Dubos and Fred L. Soper: Their Contrasting Views on Vector and Disease Eradication." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 41, no. 1 (1997): 138–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.1997.0010.
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ANAYA, Gabriel Lopes. "A Erradicação do Aedes aegypti: Febre amarela, Fred Soper e saúde pública nas Américas (1918-1968)." Varia Historia 33, no. 62 (August 2017): 561–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0104-87752017000200012.
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Packard, Randall M., and Paulo Gadehla. "A land filled with mosquitoes: Fred L. Soper, the Rockefeller foundation, and the Anopheles Gambiae Invasion of Brazil." Medical Anthropology 17, no. 3 (May 1997): 215–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01459740.1997.9966138.
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Vinokurov, E. "Eurasian Economic Union: A sober look." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2016): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2016-12-43-60.
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The paper appraises current progress in establishing the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Although the progress has slowed down after the initial rapid advancement, the Union is better viewed not as an exception from the general rules of regional economic integration but rather as one of the functioning customs unions with its successes and stumbling blocs. The paper reviews the state of Eurasian institutions, the establishment of the single market of goods and services, the situation with mutual trade and investment flows among the member states, the ongoing work on the liquidation/unification of non-tariff barriers, the problems of the efficient coordination of macroeconomic policies, progress towards establishing an EAEU network of free trade areas with partners around the world, the state of the common labor market, and the dynamics of public opinion on Eurasian integration in the five member states.
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Brooks, Andrew B. E., Daniel Humphreys, Vikash Singh, Anthony C. Davidson, Susan D. Arden, Folma Buss, and Vassilis Koronakis. "MYO6 is targeted bySalmonellavirulence effectors to trigger PI3-kinase signaling and pathogen invasion into host cells." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 15 (March 27, 2017): 3915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1616418114.
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To establish infections,Salmonellainjects virulence effectors that hijack the host actin cytoskeleton and phosphoinositide signaling to drive pathogen invasion. How effectors reprogram the cytoskeleton network remains unclear. By reconstituting the activities of theSalmonellaeffector SopE, we recapitulated Rho GTPase-driven actin polymerization at model phospholipid membrane bilayers in cell-free extracts and identified the network of Rho-recruited cytoskeleton proteins. Knockdown of network components revealed a key role for myosin VI (MYO6) inSalmonellainvasion. SopE triggered MYO6 localization to invasion foci, and SopE-mediated activation of PAK recruited MYO6 to actin-rich membranes. We show that the virulence effector SopB requires MYO6 to regulate the localization of PIP3 and PI(3)P phosphoinositides and Akt activation. SopE and SopB target MYO6 to coordinate phosphoinositide production at invasion foci, facilitating the recruitment of cytoskeleton adaptor proteins to mediate pathogen uptake.
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Bartlett, Georgina, Julie Gawrylowicz, Daniel Frings, and Ian P. Albery. "The intoxicated co-witness: effects of alcohol and dyadic discussion on memory conformity and event recall." Psychopharmacology 238, no. 6 (February 10, 2021): 1485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00213-021-05776-0.
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Abstract Rationale Co-witness discussion is common and often witnesses are under the influence of alcohol. As such, it is important to understand how such factors may influence eyewitness testimony. Objectives We combined a co-witness memory paradigm with an alcohol administration paradigm to examine the influence of alcohol and dyadic discussion on remembering a mock crime. Methods Intoxicated and sober dyads discussed a previously seen video, whilst in a control condition sober and intoxicated individuals recalled the event on their own. Unknown to the dyads, each discussion partner saw a different version of the video including unique details not present in the other video version. All participants then engaged in a second individual recall attempt. Results Dyads were more likely to recall misleading details in their individual recall attempts compared to the control group. Intoxicated and sober dyads were equally likely to report misleading information. Alcohol intoxication had no negative impact on individuals’ ability to correctly identify the source of their responses. Intoxicated participants recalled fewer details under free recall conditions. Alcohol had a detrimental effect on participants’ confidence in their free recall accounts. Conclusions Possible alcohol-related and social-cognitive mechanisms are discussed which may contribute to the current findings as well as applied implications for interviewing intoxicated witnesses.
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Mokyr, Joel, and Elizabeth Malcolm. ""Ireland Sober, Ireland Free": Drink and Temperance in Nineteenth-Century Ireland." American Historical Review 92, no. 3 (June 1987): 673. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1869963.
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Kirwin, Bill, and Elizabeth Malcolm. "'Ireland Sober, Ireland Free': Drink and Temperance in 19th Century Ireland." Canadian Journal of Irish Studies 14, no. 2 (1989): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25512749.
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Yargin, Sergey. "Stem Cells And Cell Therapy: A Sober View." Glavvrač (Chief Medical Officer), no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-03-2010-06.
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Stem cells and cell therapy are one of the most widely discussed topics in the medical and biological literature. It is supposed to differentiate exogenous SC into various cell lineages and to replace senescent, dysfunctional, and damaged cells. However, in vitro differentiation with the expression of certain markers does not prove replacement of functioning cells in vivo. The application of cell therapies in cardiovascular, hepatic, neurodegenerative diseases, osteoarthritis, and diabetes mellitus is discussed in this article. Some publications exaggerate the successes of cell therapies without giving due consideration to potential adverse effects. In recent years, there has been a global increase in the number of clinics offering stem cell treatment with unproven efficiency. In conclusion, therapeutic methods with unproven efficacy and potential adverse effects should be applied within the framework of high-quality scientific research programs that are free of conflicts of interest.Key words: stem cells; cell therapy; cardiovascular diseases; osteoarthritis; liver cirrhosis; diabetes mellitus; central nervous system.
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LeBlanc, Marc-André, Morgan R. Fink, Thomas T. Perkins, and Marcelo C. Sousa. "Type III secretion system effector proteins are mechanically labile." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 12 (March 15, 2021): e2019566118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2019566118.
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Multiple gram-negative bacteria encode type III secretion systems (T3SS) that allow them to inject effector proteins directly into host cells to facilitate colonization. To be secreted, effector proteins must be at least partially unfolded to pass through the narrow needle-like channel (diameter <2 nm) of the T3SS. Fusion of effector proteins to tightly packed proteins—such as GFP, ubiquitin, or dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)—impairs secretion and results in obstruction of the T3SS. Prior observation that unfolding can become rate-limiting for secretion has led to the model that T3SS effector proteins have low thermodynamic stability, facilitating their secretion. Here, we first show that the unfolding free energy (ΔGunfold0) of two Salmonella effector proteins, SptP and SopE2, are 6.9 and 6.0 kcal/mol, respectively, typical for globular proteins and similar to published ΔGunfold0 for GFP, ubiquitin, and DHFR. Next, we mechanically unfolded individual SptP and SopE2 molecules by atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based force spectroscopy. SptP and SopE2 unfolded at low force (Funfold ≤ 17 pN at 100 nm/s), making them among the most mechanically labile proteins studied to date by AFM. Moreover, their mechanical compliance is large, as measured by the distance to the transition state (Δx‡ = 1.6 and 1.5 nm for SptP and SopE2, respectively). In contrast, prior measurements of GFP, ubiquitin, and DHFR show them to be mechanically robust (Funfold > 80 pN) and brittle (Δx‡ < 0.4 nm). These results suggest that effector protein unfolding by T3SS is a mechanical process and that mechanical lability facilitates efficient effector protein secretion.
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Castedo, Sierra, and John Harris. "Starting a Sober Dorm: Year One Challenges, Successes and Lessons Learned." Journal of Recovery Science 1, no. 2 (September 22, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31886/jors.12.2018.36.
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This presentation is an examination of the pilot year of the Healthy Lifestyles Living Learning Community (HL LLC) substance-free housing option for incoming first year students sponsored by The Center for Students in Recovery at The University of Texas at Austin. Presenters will contextualize the history and unfulfilled need for recovery and sober student housing on the UT Austin campus, and will explore the development and implementation of a sober dorm from inception through the end of year one. Attendees will hear a candid assessment of expectations versus realities across multiple domains, including: the application process; selection of an initial cohort; the design and implementation of programming; the challenges of group cohesion and resident assistant empowerment; budget constraints; overall lessons learned; and considerations moving into year two.
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Jackson, Judith, David I. Donaldson, and Benjamin Dering. "The morning after the night before: Alcohol-induced blackouts impair next day recall in sober young adults." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 3, 2021): e0250827. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250827.
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Binge-drinking in adolescents and young adults is a widespread problem, however, an often unreported consequence of binge-drinking behaviour is an alcohol-induced memory blackout (MBO). An MBO is a transient amnesic event resulting from rapid, excessive alcohol consumption. Here, we examine the short-term impact of an alcohol-induced MBO event (testing < 20 hours after blackout) on memory performance in people who have experienced a high volume of MBOs. In addition, we aimed to test the hypothesis that people who experience a high volume of MBOs may have poorer recall than non-blackout controls in either sober or intoxicated states. Three episodic memory paradigms consisting of free recall, serial recall, and depth of encoding tasks, were conducted by a group of alcohol drinkers who had never experienced a memory blackout, and those who reported at least 9 in the preceding 12-months. Studies were completed sober and after alcohol by all participants, and sober but after blackout by the experimental group. Accuracy of recall was assessed with linear mixed effects modelling for all experiments and conditions. Recall rate both before and after alcohol consumption was similar between groups, with poorer recall after drinking alcohol by all participants in all three studies. After blackout, MBO participants showed no significant improvement from their intoxicated state in serial recall and depth of encoding tasks, but an improvement in free recall. Further analysis of these findings revealed that 10 out of 23 participants showed significantly impaired performance after blackout during free recall, extending up to 17 participants in serial recall. In general, alcohol reduced recall rate in both blackout and control participants similarly, but recall following MBO remained poor. Our evidence suggests that alcohol-induced blackouts impair memory functioning the next day, and future research should establish the duration of deficits after an acute alcohol-induced blackout episode.
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Aniya, Masamu, Renji Naruse, and Satoru Yamaguchi. "Utilization of 6 × 6 cm format vertical aerial photographs for repetitive mapping of surface morphology and measurement of flow velocities of a small glacier in a remote area: Glaciar Soler, Hielo Patagónico Norte, Chile." Annals of Glaciology 34 (2002): 385–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817608.
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AbstractUsing vertical aerial photographs taken manually with a 6 × 6 cm format camera in 1984, 1986 and 1999, the surface morphology of the ablation area of Glaciar Soler, Hielo Patagónico Norte (northern Patagonia icefield), Chile, was studied. Glaciar Soler has an area of 50.9 km2; the ablation area below the icefall is about 7 km long and 2 km wide. An uncontrolled aerial-photographic mosaic for the area below the icefall was assembled from 40–60 aerial photographs, on which the surface morphology was mapped from interpretation of stereo pairs of the enlarged photographs (scales of 1:4500 to 1: 8000). Themapped features include debris-free and debris-covered ices, ogive bands and waves, crevasses, supraglacial streams, moulins, medial moraines, troughs and grooves. A total of 32–34 pairs of ogive bands were recognized, from which an average flow velocity of about 160 m a–1 was deduced. The spacing of a pair of light and dark ogive bands indicates that the flow velocity ranges from about 350 ma–1 near the icefall to some 100 ma–1 near the snout. Comparison of the field-measured data with the ogive spacing indicates that the seasonal variation in flow velocity of Glaciar Soler is very large, probably because of variation in the amount of basal sliding.
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Brennan, Geoffrey, and Philip Pettit. "The hidden economy of esteem." Economics and Philosophy 16, no. 1 (April 2000): 77–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267100000146.
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A generation of social theorists have argued that if free-rider considerations show that certain collective action predicaments are unresolvable under individual, rational choice – unresolvable under an arrangement where each is free to pursue their own relative advantage – then those considerations will equally show that the predicaments cannot be resolved by recourse to norms (Buchanan, 1975, p. 132; Heath, 1976, p. 30; Sober and Wilson, 1998, 156ff; Taylor, 1987, p. 144). If free-rider considerations explain why people do not spontaneously keep the streets clean, though they would each prefer unlittered streets, then those considerations will also explain why there is no effective norm against littering the streets.
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Rio, Rita V. M., Cedric Lefevre, Abdelaziz Heddi, and Serap Aksoy. "Comparative Genomics of Insect-Symbiotic Bacteria: Influence of Host Environment on Microbial Genome Composition." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 11 (November 2003): 6825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.11.6825-6832.2003.
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ABSTRACT Commensal symbionts, thought to be intermediary amid obligate mutualists and facultative parasites, offer insight into forces driving the evolutionary transition into mutualism. Using macroarrays developed for a close relative, Escherichia coli, we utilized a heterologous array hybridization approach to infer the genomic compositions of a clade of bacteria that have recently established symbiotic associations: Sodalis glossinidius with the tsetse fly (Diptera, Glossina spp.) and Sitophilus oryzae primary endosymbiont (SOPE) with the rice weevil (Coleoptera, Sitophilus oryzae). Functional biologies within their hosts currently reflect different forms of symbiotic associations. Their hosts, members of distant insect taxa, occupy distinct ecological niches and have evolved to survive on restricted diets of blood for tsetse and cereal for the rice weevil. Comparison of genome contents between the two microbes indicates statistically significant differences in the retention of genes involved in carbon compound catabolism, energy metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and transport. The greatest reductions have occurred in carbon catabolism, membrane proteins, and cell structure-related genes for Sodalis and in genes involved in cellular processes (i.e., adaptations towards cellular conditions) for SOPE. Modifications in metabolic pathways, in the form of functional losses complementing particularities in host physiology and ecology, may have occurred upon initial entry from a free-living to a symbiotic state. It is possible that these adaptations, streamlining genomes, act to make a free-living state no longer feasible for the harnessed microbe.
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Dal Molin, Alex. "El psicoanálisis y los «otros» discursos." PSICOANÁLISIS EN LA UNIVERSIDAD, no. 2 (April 8, 2020): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.35305/rpu.v0i2.25.
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En una conferencia en Milán en 1967 Lacan diferencia al Psicoanálisis de los otros discursos por la vía de lo que ellos hacen con la realidad y lo real. Esto puede relacionarse con la afirmación de Colette Soler de que en la actualidad estamos en una época de traumatismos por la fragilidad de los discursos y la frecuencia con que se rompen los semblantes en los que ellos se sostienen. Tanto la citada conferencia de Lacan como la alocución de Freud en Budapest nos permiten pensar la posición del psicoanalista ante el fracaso de las tecnologías terapéuticas y las problemáticas actuales.
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Schmidt, Patrick. "“The Dilemma to a Free People”: Justice Robert Jackson, Walter Bagehot, and the Creation of a Conservative Jurisprudence." Law and History Review 20, no. 3 (2002): 517–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1556318.
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Even today, the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Terminiello v. City of Chicago (1949) strikes students of constitutional law as a vexing factual situation. The problems the case posed for the High Court are all the more daunting considering its historical context, directly following the nation's confrontation with Nazism and standing on the cusp of the Cold War against Communism. In the broader view, most observers would locate the decision within the ascendance of liberal protection for free speech rights occurring over the second half of the twentieth century. But progressive accounts should not be allowed to mask the contemporary momentousness for the justices hearing the case. Indeed, in this constitutional conflict over the speech of a rabble-rousing priest was lodged a sober question about the polity's health at that time and the preferred response to the nation's need.
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Wessel-Beaver, Linda. "Resistance in Cucurbita spp. to Silverleaf and Sweetpotato Whitefly." HortScience 32, no. 3 (June 1997): 450C—450. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.3.450c.
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Accessions of both domesticated and wild Cucurbita spp. were tested from Jan. to May 1996 in Isabela, Puerto Rico, for resistance to silverleaf and sweetpotato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). None of the accessions tested were completely free of whiteflies, but some accessions were completely free of silverleaf. At 8 weeks, checks of `Soler' and `Butternut' had silverleaf ratings of 4.5 and 0.0, respectively (on a 0 to 5 scale, where 0 = no silverleaf). Both checks were highly infected with whiteflies. Wild Cucurbitas do not appear to be a good source of whitefly or silverleaf resistance. While no strong correlations were observed between number of whiteflies and degree of silvering, all plants that were highly silvered were also heavily infested with whiteflies. Some plants with little or no silverleaf had many fewer whiteflies. Plants from ≈40 accessions from a total of about 800 were selfed for further evaluation.
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Polcin, Douglas L., Rachael Korcha, Jane Witbrodt, Amy A. Mericle, and Elizabeth Mahoney. "Motivational Interviewing Case Management (MICM) for Persons on Probation or Parole Entering Sober Living Houses." Criminal Justice and Behavior 45, no. 11 (July 13, 2018): 1634–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854818784099.
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The failure of incarceration as a response to drug offenses has resulted in new policies supporting community-based alternatives. One challenge has been finding appropriate housing for persons on probation and parole. Sober living houses (SLHs) are alcohol- and drug-free living environments that are increasingly being used as housing options for these individuals. The current study examined 6- and 12-month outcomes for 330 persons on probation or parole who entered 49 SLHs. Residents in 22 houses ( n = 149 individuals) were randomly assigned to receive a “Motivational Interviewing Case Management” (MICM) intervention and residents in the other 27 houses ( n = 181 individuals) received SLH residency as usual. At 6- and 12-month follow-up, both study conditions showed significant improvement relative to baseline on substance abuse, criminal justice, HIV risk, and employment outcomes. For persons who attended at least one MICM session, there were better criminal justice outcomes compared with the SLH as usual group.
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Bretherton, George. "Elizabeth Malcolm, Ireland Sober, Ireland Free; Drink and Temperance in Nineteenth Century Ireland. Dublin and Syracuse, NY. Pp. 363." Social History of Alcohol Review 14 (September 1986): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/sharevv14n1p29.
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Rakauskas, Michael, and Nicholas Ward. "Behavioral Effects of Driver Distraction and Alcohol Impairment." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 22 (September 2005): 1912–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504902206.
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There remains some debate regarding secondary task distractions, such as cell phones, as a risk factor in traffic crashes and their relative risk compared to existing factors, such as engagement in common in-vehicle tasks and alcohol impairment. Moreover, studies of driver impairment often investigate single risk factors rather than combined factors (e.g. distraction task while drunk). This study compared non-distracted driving in a motion-based driving simulator to distracted driving (hands-free cell phone conversations, common in-vehicle tasks) either while sober or combined with alcohol (BAC 0.08). The results indicated that during a car following scenario, drivers engaged in the conversations or completing in-vehicle tasks were more impaired than drivers that were not involved in any distraction task. Indeed, both the cell phone and in-vehicle sources of distraction were generally more impairing than intoxication at the legal limit.
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Berghäuser, Julia, Wiebke Bensmann, Nicolas Zink, Tanja Endrass, Christian Beste, and Ann-Kathrin Stock. "Alcohol Hangover Does Not Alter the Application of Model-Based and Model-Free Learning Strategies." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9051453.
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Frequent alcohol binges shift behavior from goal-directed to habitual processing modes. This shift in reward-associated learning strategies plays a key role in the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorders and seems to persist during (early stages of) sobriety in at-risk drinkers. Yet still, it has remained unclear whether this phenomenon might be associated with alcohol hangover and thus also be found in social drinkers. In an experimental crossover design, n = 25 healthy young male participants performed a two-step decision-making task once sober and once hungover (i.e., when reaching sobriety after consuming 2.6 g of alcohol per estimated liter of total body water). This task allows the separation of effortful model-based and computationally less demanding model-free learning strategies. The experimental induction of alcohol hangover was successful, but we found no significant hangover effects on model-based and model-free learning scores, the balance between model-free and model-based valuation (ω), or perseveration tendencies (π). Bayesian analyses provided positive evidence for the null hypothesis for all measures except π (anecdotal evidence for the null hypothesis). Taken together, alcohol hangover, which results from a single binge drinking episode, does not impair the application of effortful and computationally costly model-based learning strategies and/or increase model-free learning strategies. This supports the notion that the behavioral deficits observed in at-risk drinkers are most likely not caused by the immediate aftereffects of individual binge drinking events.
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Residentes, Residentes. "Oncología." Acta Médica Colombiana 43, no. 2S (June 24, 2019): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.36104/amc.2018.1405.
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ONC-1 SINDROME PARANEOPLASICO: SINDROME INAPROPIADO DE HORMONA ANTIDIURETICA, COMO PRESENTACION CLINICA DE CANCER DE PULMON DE CELULAS PEQUEÑAS (SOLORZANO CARLOS, CUERVO JESSICA, FUENTES CARLOS)
ONC-2 RABDOMIOSARCOMA ALVEOLAR EN SENO MAXILAR (ZULUAGA JUAN DAVID, PÉREZ MARÍA ALEJANDRA, MILLÁN HENRY AUGUSTO, LUNA FREDY ANDRÉS)
ONC-3 LINFOMA PLASMABLASTICO: UN CASO DE PRESENTACIÓN INUSUAL (OTERO DIANA, MORALES MILENA)
ONC-4 PERIAORTITIS CRÓNICA Y FIBROSIS RETROPERITONEAL ASOCIADOS A CARCINOMA NASAL (LAVERDE LIGIA, LUNA STEPHANY, SOLER CAMILO)
ONC-5 AMILOIDOSIS CARDIACA EN UN PACIENTE CON MIELOMA MULTIPLE (QUINTERO DIANA C., ARIAS HANNA V., ASTAIZA MAYRA A., AYALA JUAN F., ANGULO ANDRÉS F. )
ONC-6 SARCOMA GRANULOCÍTICO ORAL: LA DICOTOMÍA ENTRE LO INFECCIOSO Y TUMORAL (ARAGÓN DIANA, NARANJO JULIÁN, NOREÑA IVAN, PLATA JUAN)
ONC-7 SÍNDROME DE BUDD CHIARI COMO MANIFESTACIÓN DE NEOPLASIA MIELOIDE (SALGADO ZAMORA FABIÁN ANDRÉS, CARDOZO NIÑO ANDRÉS ORLANDO, VEGA DÍAZ VALENTINA, ECHEVERRI TATIANA)
ONC-8 LINFOMA CARDIACO PRIMARIO (CADENA ALBERTO, RUIZ FABIAN, RESTREPO JUAN CARLOS)
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Kornhuber, Hans Helmut. "Human freedom and the brain." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 21, S2 (June 2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2009.00386.x.
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Abstract:Freedom of will does exist, it is self-leadership of man based on reason and ethos. Evidence comes from truth. Determinism cannot be proved since if you try, you mean to prove a truth; but there is no truth without freedom. By contrast for freedom there are many pieces of evidence e.g. science, arts, technology.Freedom utilizes creative abstract thinking with phantasy. Freedom is graded, limited, based on nature, but not developed without good will. We perceive reliably freedom by self-consciousness and in other persons as long as we are sober. Freedom needs intelligence, but is more, it is a creative and moral virtue.The basis for freedom is phylogenesis and culture, in the individual learning and experimenting. Factors in the becoming of freedom are not only genes and environment but also self-discipline. But the creativity of free will is dangerous. Man therefore needs morale. Drives and feelings become humanized, cultural interests are developed. There is a humane nobility from long good will.
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DeGuzman, Rebecca, Rachael Korcha, and Douglas Polcin. "“I have more support around me to be able to change”: a qualitative exploration of probationers’ and parolees’ experiences living in sober living houses." Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities 40, no. 1 (May 7, 2019): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tc-04-2018-0008.
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Purpose Persons in the USA who are incarcerated for drug offenses are increasingly being released into the community as a way to decrease prison and jail overcrowding. One challenge is finding housing that supports compliance with probation and parole requirements, which often includes abstinence from drugs and alcohol. Sober living houses (SLHs) are alcohol- and drug-free living environments that are increasingly being used as housing options for probationers and parolees. Although a few studies have reported favorable outcomes for residents of SLHs, little is known about resident experiences or the factors that are experienced as helpful or counterproductive. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted qualitative interviews with 28 SLH residents on probation or parole to understand their experiences living in the houses, aspects of the houses that facilitated recovery, ways residence in an SLH affected compliance with probation and parole, and ways the houses addressed HIV risk, a widespread problem among this population. Interviews were audiotaped and coded for dominant themes. Findings Study participants identified housing as a critically important need after incarceration. For residents nearing the end of their stay in the SLHs, there was significant concern about where they might live after they left. Residents emphasized that shared experiences and goals, consistent enforcement of rules (especially the requirement of abstinence) and encouragement from probation and parole officers as particularly helpful. There was very little focus in HIV issues, even though risk behaviors were fairly common. For some residents, inconsistent enforcement of house rules was experienced as highly problematic. Research is needed to identify the organizational and operational procedures that enhance factors experienced as helpful. Research limitations/implications Data for this study are self-reported views and experiences. Therefore, the study may not tap into a variety of reasons for resident experiences. In addition, the data set was small (n=28) and limited to one city in the USA (Los Angeles), so generalization of results might be limited. However, SLHs represent an important housing option for criminal justice involved persons and knowledge about resident experiences can help guide organization and operation of houses and identify areas for further research. Originality/value This paper is the first to document the views and experiences of persons on probation or parole who reside in sober living recovery houses. These data can be used by SLH operators to develop houses that are responsive to factors experienced as helpful and counterproductive. The significance of this paper is evident in the trend toward decreasing incarceration in the USA of persons convicted of drug offenses and the need for alcohol- and drug-free alternative living environments.
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Caudill, Barry D., John W. Rogers, Jan Howard, Kevin C. Frissell, and Wayne M. Harding. "Avoiding DWI among Bar-room Drinkers: Strategies and Predictors." Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 4 (January 2010): SART.S5414. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/sart.s5414.
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We examined the prevalence and predictors of 11strategies to avoid driving when feeling intoxicated among 561 bar-room patrons in two medium-sized Maryland communities. Logistic regression analyses identified demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal predictors of avoidance strategies and interactions among predictors. Overall, 89% reported one or more DWI avoidance actions in the past year, and 38% reported driving intoxicated during that time. Average frequencies of avoidance behavior and intoxicated driving increased significantly as drinking level increased. However, the higher the drinking level, the smaller the ratio of avoidance actions to DWI experiences, highlighting the vulnerability of heavy drinkers who had driven intoxicated. Using a sober driver or one who allegedly drank less than the respondent were the most popular and frequent strategies, but paying for a cab, walking, and using a bus or free cab were relatively unpopular. Higher drinking levels predicted significantly higher odds of using avoidance approaches, as did intoxicated driving. Confidence in driving safely when intoxicated was positively related to drinking level and intoxicated driving, but it tended to predict lower odds of avoidance actions. Similarly, marital status, age, gender, and location influenced the odds of avoidance behaviors. Interventions should be strategically tailored to exploit or counter drinker predilections among avoidance options.
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Sklair, Leslie. "Transnational Across the Border: Mobilizing US Support for the Mexican Maquila Industry." Journal of American Studies 24, no. 2 (August 1990): 167–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875800029704.
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Despite all the talk of protectionism in both rich and poor countries there has probably never been a time when the idea of economic autarchy has been less popular than the 1980s. The so-called “New Protectionism” of the 1980s has several historically novel dimensions but far from being “New” the essential idea is the very ancient one of corporations encouraged by the governments of the countries in which they are domiciled attempting to gain competitive advantages over those from other countries by fair means and by foul. The traditional charges of low cost producers flooding markets with cheap, and sometimes dangerously inferior goods, the use by foreign governments of unfair incentives to exporters (export subsidies), and the imposition of quantitative import restrictions by importing countries, are flying around global commerce to a degree that has some very sober politicians, policy makers and economists publicly worried for the very future of the global system and, by implication, world security. To put it bluntly, the ideologues of “free trade” or “liberalization” as it is increasingly being labelled, argue that the “New Protectionism” if it is permitted to spread will inevitably lead to a “New Depression,” and this may well lead to global anarchy not only in commerce but also in the politico-military relations between nations.
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Sari, Nita. "Pendayagunaan Dana ZIS Untuk Operasional Ambulance Gratis Di BAZNAS Rembang." ZISWAF : Jurnal Zakat dan Wakaf 5, no. 1 (May 17, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/ziswaf.v5i1.3509.
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<p><em><span>The purpose of this study is to find out how the utilization of zakat, infaq and alms in BAZNAS Rembang for free ambulance operation and to know the obstacles and solutions in the implementation of free ambulance operational program in BAZNAS Rembang. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span title="Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dijabarkan secara deskriptif dengan pendekatan penelitian lapangan (field research).">This research uses qualitative method described descriptively with field research approach (field research). </span><span title="Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dana ZIS di BAZNAS Rembang diberdayakan melalui program santunan anak yatim dan fakir miskin, perkembangan Islam, beasiswa pendidikan, rehap rumah tidak layak huni, modal bergulir dan ambulance beserta operasionalnya secara gratis.">The results show that ZIS funds in BAZNAS Rembang are empowered through the program of orphan and poor benefit, the development of Islam, educational scholarship, rehap house unfit for habitation, revolving capital and ambulance and its operation for free. </span><span title="Adapun pendayagunaan dana ZIS untuk operasional ambulance gratis di BAZNAS Rembang meliputi sopir, bahan bakar, oli, biaya jalan tol, cuci mobil, penggantian suku cadang, perpanjang STNK, service, dan biaya perbaikan bila terjadi kecelakaan.">The utilization of ZIS fund for free ambulance operation in BAZNAS Rembang includes driver, fuel, oil, toll road cost, car wash, replacement of spare parts, renewal STNK, service, and repair cost in case of accident. </span><span title="Kendala dan solusi dalam pelaksanaan program operasional ambulance gratis di BAZNAS Rembang adalah pendistribusian mobil ambulance yang belum merata, solusi yang harus dilakukan yaitu meningkatkan fundraising dana ZIS untuk menambah jumlah ambulance.">Constraints and solutions in the implementation of the free ambulance operational program in BAZNAS Rembang is the uneven distribution of ambulance cars, the solution that must be done is to increase fundraising of ZIS funds to increase the number of ambulances.</span></span></span></em></p>
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Polcin, Douglas. "How should we study residential recovery homes?" Therapeutic Communities: The International Journal of Therapeutic Communities 36, no. 3 (September 14, 2015): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tc-07-2014-0027.
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Purpose – Persons with serious alcohol and drug problems who are attempting to maintain abstinence often lack an alcohol- and drug-free living environment that supports sustained recovery. Residential recovery homes, called “sober living houses” in California, are alcohol- and drug-free living environments that offer long-term support for persons with addictive disorders. They do not offer formal treatment services but usually encourage or mandate attendance at self-help recovery groups such as Alcoholics Anonymous. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The approach involved analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of different research designs for studying residential recovery homes. Alternatives to randomized designs that are able to capture “real world” data that are readily generalized are described and understudied topics are identified. Findings – A significant limitation of traditional randomized designs is they eliminate mutual selection processes between prospective residents and recovery home residents and staff. Naturalistic research designs have the advantage of including mutual selection processes and there are methods available for limiting self-selection bias. Qualitative methods should be used to identify factors that residents experience as helpful that can then be studied further. Innovative studies are needed to investigate how outcomes are affected by architectural characteristics of the houses and resident interactions with the surrounding community. Practical implications – Use of the recommended strategies could lead to findings that are more informative, intuitively appealing, and interpretable. Social implications – Recovery homes and similar programs will be more responsive to consumers. Originality/value – This paper represents one of the first to review various options for studying recovery homes and to provide suggestions for new studies.
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Baker, Sherry, Quint Randle, Edward L. Carter, and Scott Lunt. "Democratic Learning and The Sober Second Thought: The Effect of Reading John Stuart Mill's Essay “On Liberty” on Tolerance for Free Speech Among Highly Religious, Politically Conservative Students." Journal of Media and Religion 6, no. 1 (June 22, 2007): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15348420701338518.
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Stuyt, Elizabeth B. "Ear Acupuncture for Co-Occurring Substance Abuse and Borderline Personality Disorder: An Aid to Encourage Treatment Retention and Tobacco Cessation." Acupuncture in Medicine 32, no. 4 (August 2014): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2014-010540.
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Objectives Retention of individuals with co-occurring borderline personality disorder (BPD) and substance use disorders in treatment is known to be difficult. An outcome study of a tobacco-free 90-day inpatient dual-diagnosis treatment programme that uses several evidenced-based treatments in addition to ear acupuncture (acudetox) was undertaken to determine overall treatment effectiveness. Methods Between January 2009 and December 2011, 231 patients were treated in the programme, 88% with nicotine dependence and 79% with personality disorder diagnoses. All patients completing the programme were invited to enrol in a 1-year follow-up study in which they responded to monthly questionnaires to assess outcomes. Results 185 patients (80%) successfully completed the programme. There was no correlation between successful programme completion and gender, race, age, primary drug dependence diagnosis or primary psychiatric diagnosis. The use of acudetox was positively correlated with successful completion (p=0.006). Of the 78 patients with BPD, 100% of men and 83% of women successfully completed the programme. Their use of acudetox was positively correlated with successful completion (p=0.026). At the end of the year, 140 questionnaires were returned: 51 patients with BPD reported outcomes similar to the group as a whole, with 55% sober and doing well. Conclusions The use of acudetox was positively correlated with both successful completion of the programme for those with BPD as well as successful tobacco cessation, which ultimately improves the ability to maintain sobriety.
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Ceylan, Merve, Ersin Altıparmak, and Fahri Akçakoyun. "The analysis of the relationship between personality traits of extreme athletes and sports consumption motives." Journal of Human Sciences 13, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 1745. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v13i1.3416.
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This research was conducted in order to analyse the relationship between personality traits and sports consumption motives. In line with this purpose, 227 extreme athletes (86 were sportsmen and 141 were sportswomen), which were competitors in sports branches of snowboarding, snow kiting, kitesurfing, windsurfing, kayak, mountain biking, Free-diving, paragliding, rock climbing and rafting, were selected through the method of judgement sampling. Questionnaires were conducted between 1 February- 31 December 2013 at extreme sports facilities in the provinces and districts of Muğla/Marmaris-Fethiye-Bodrum-Gökova, Antalya/Alanya-Kemer, İzmir/Alaçatı-Çeşme, Bursa/ Uludağ, Bolu/ Kartalkaya. In this study, “Extreme Sport Consumption Scale” (ESCS) that was developed by Şimşek (2010) and short version (with 85 articles) of “Five Factor Personality Inventory” (FFPI), which was developed by Somer, Korkmaz and Tatar (2004) were employed in order to collect data.The results of the study produced significant findings concerning the relationship between personality traits and their sports consumption motives. The most significant of them all showed that sports consumption motives to a certain extent coincide with personality traits. The assessment of the relationship between ESCS and FFPI according to the gender factor revealed that for female participants, there were negative correlations between physical fitness and extraversion; values, socialisation, seeking for excitement-adventure and docility and letting off stress and self-control (p<.05). For male participants, positive correlations were observed between letting off stress, behavioural intentions and extraversion (p<.05).
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Ceylan, Merve, Ersin Altıparmak, and Fahri Akçakoyun. "Examination of Turkish extreme athletes' personality traits in terms of gender and some demographic factors." International Journal of Human Sciences 12, no. 2 (September 3, 2015): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v12i2.3310.
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<p> The present study was conducted for the purpose of examining the personality traits of extreme athletes. In line with this purpose a total of 227 extreme athletes, as 86 female and 141 male athletes selected through judgment sampling, that either actively compete or trains to compete in any of the branches of snowboarding, snowkiting, kitesurfing, windsurfing, river kayaking, mountain biking, free diving, paragliding and rafting were included within the sample group of the study. Questionnaire applications were carried out in extreme sports facilities throughout the country.</p><p>Within the scope of the study, an 85-item short form of the Five Factor Personality Scale developed by Somer, Korkmaz and Tatar was used as the data collection tool. Data analysis was carried out by means of the SPSS 16.0 software and the percentages frequencies, mean, standard deviation and to find the differences between the sexes "independent t" test were calculated.</p><p>Examining the obtained results showed that the male athletes have higher extravertion level from female athletes (p <0.05). This finding obtained in our study suggest that, in an essentially male-dominant society, the higher level of pressure women are subjected to in social, economic, cultural and psychological terms and the difficulties and pressure they experience in the working life are significant factors for women to be more introvert.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Bu araştırma, ekstrem sporcuların kişilik özelliklerinin incelemesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırmaya, yargısal örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiş, snowboard, snowkite, uçurtma sörfü, rüzgar sörfü, akarsu ve nehir kanosu, dağ bisikleti, serbest dalış, yamaç paraşütü, kaya tırmanışı ve rafting branşlarında yarışmacı olan ya da bir yarışmaya katılmak için hazırlık yapan, 86’sı kadın, 141’i erkek olmak üzere 227 ekstrem sporcu katılmıştır. Anket uygulamaları, ülke genelinde bulunan ekstrem spor tesislerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir.</p><p> Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla Somer, Korkmaz ve Tatar tarafından geliştirilen beş faktör kişilik envanterinin 85 sorudan oluşan kısa forumu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS programında kaydedilmiş, frekans, yüzde, aritmetik ortalama, standart sapma değerleri hesaplanmış ve cinsiyetler arası farklılığı bulmak için “independent samples t- test” kullanılarak yorumlanmıştır.</p><p>Elde edilen bulgular incelendiğinde, erkek sporcuların erkek sporcuların kadın sporculara oranla daha yüksek dışa dönük özellik gösterdiği görülmektedir (p <0.05). Sonuç olarak; temelde erkek egemen bir toplumda, sosyal, ekonomik, kültürel ve psikolojik anlamda kadının daha çok baskıya maruz kalması, sosyal hayatında üstelendiği roller, iş hayatında karşılaşılan zorluk ve baskıların bir sonucu olarak, daha içe kapanık bir yapıya sahip olmalarında önemli bir etken olduğunu düşündürmektedir.</p>
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Zou, Wen, Sufian F. Al-Khaldi, William S. Branham, Tao Han, James C. Fuscoe, Jing Han, Steven L. Foley, et al. "Microarray analysis of virulence gene profiles in Salmonella serovars from food/food animal environment." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 5, no. 02 (September 15, 2010): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.1396.
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Introduction: Rapid, accurate and inexpensive analysis of the disease-causing potential of foodborne pathogens is an important consideration in food safety and biodefense, particularly in developing countries. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the use of a robust and inexpensive microarray platform to assay the virulence gene profiles in Salmonella from food and/or the food animal environment, and then use ArrayTrackTM for data analysis. Methodology: The spotted array consisted of 69 selected Salmonella-specific virulence gene probes (65bp each). These probes were printed on poly-L-lysine-coated slides. Genomic DNA was digested with Sau3AI, labeled with Cy3 dye, hybridized to the gene probes, and the images were captured and analyzed by GenePix 4000B and ArrayTrackTM, a free software developed by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) researchers. Results: Nearly 58% of the virulence-associated genes tested were present in all Salmonella strains tested. In general, genes belonging to inv, pip, prg, sic, sip, spa or ttr families were detected in more than 90% of the isolates, while the iacP, avrA, invH, rhuM, sirA, sopB, sopE or sugR genes were detected in 40 to 80% of the isolates. The gene variability was independent of the Salmonella serotype. Conclusions: This hybridization array presents an accurate and cost-effective method for evaluating the disease-causing potential of Salmonella in outbreak investigations by targeting a selective set of Salmonella-associated virulence genes.
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Uzondu, Ignatius C. "Assessing Nigerian political leadership with a democratic paradigm." OGIRISI: a New Journal of African Studies 15, no. 1 (October 15, 2020): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/og.v15i1.4s.
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A sober reflection or speculation on African leadership portrays the practice of authentic democracy as a perennial problem in Nigeria and in African continent. Democratic/electoral process is where citizens choose representatives in government by means of free, fair, contested and regularly scheduled elections and where adults have the right to vote and their votes count. But Nigerian democracy lacks basic trust. It is really a universal problem but Africans and Nigerians in particular got larger portion as our democratic practice is very poor. The citizens should be the starting point and focus of democracy, but this is not the case in Nigeria as many political and elected elites represent their business interest. This democratic deficit or deficiency is seen in local, state and federal levels of Nigerian government and this leads gradually to a serious decline in citizen’s active participation or active citizenship. Using expository and analytic method of inquiry, we found out that Nigerians and Africans may have been drifting from this form of government due to some of its demerit. Again, Africa has been long known for its communitarian living/communalism which we found to have enormous similarities with democracy though the difference is clear. Corruption, bad leadership, lack of originality and the likes are the causes of lack of authentic democratic practice and leadership in Africa and in Nigeria. Finally, this study concludes that the dividends of authentic democracy will be fully evident and rooted in Nigeria and Africa only when we embrace democracy in full.
Keywords: Political leadership, Democracy, Communalism
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Gandrille, Sophie, Régis Peffault de Latour, Emeline Levionnois, Anna D. Petropoulou, Isabelle Galy-Fauroux, Paula Rodriguez-Otero, Gérard Socié, Anne-Marie Fischer, and Dominique Helley. "Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 2397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2397.2397.
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Abstract Abstract 2397 Introduction: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), a very rare disease, is characterized by hemolytic anemia, bone marrow failure, and venous thromboembolism. The disease is caused by somatic mutation of the X-linked gene PIG-A encoding a key enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of the GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs), affecting hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Venous thromboembolisms occur in unusual sites and the mechanism remains to be elucidated. A previous study showed an increase of endothelial cell activation markers in PNH patients (Helley et al., Haematologica 2010;95:574-581), however endothelial cells remain poorly studied in this disease. In polycythemia vera, associating JAK-2 mutation in HSC and thrombosis occurrence, Sozer and coworkers showed that liver endothelial cells bore the same JAK-2 mutation than the HSC (Sozer et al, Blood Cells, Molecules and Diseases, 2009;43:304-312). This suggests the existence of a common precursor between endothelial progenitor cells and HSC, the hemangioblast. In PNH, PIG-A gene mutations might be present in endothelial cells. To test this hypothesis we have used endothelial progenitor cells circulating in blood, also called endothelial-colony forming cells (ECFC), as witnesses of endothelial cells status. Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and neutrophiles (PMNL), from patients with classical PNH, were fractionated. PMNL were used to isolate DNA, while PBMC were plated on gelatine-coated plates to be cultured until appearance of ECFC colonies (usually 15–20 days), and then cultured to perform: (i) expression of GPI-anchored protein by flow cytometry; (ii) sequencing of the exons and flanking regions of the PIG-A gene from PMNL and ECFC. Results: Twelve PNH patients were enrolled (8 women, 4 men). Among them, 3 have venous thrombotic events (2 Budd-Chiari syndromes and one mesenteric veins thrombosis). ECFC colonies were obtained from 6 out of the 12 patients, a normal output due to the small number of ECFC in whole blood. Mutations identified by sequencing the PIG-A gene of PMNLs from these 6 patients are shown in Table 1, as well as clinical characteristics. In 5 patients only (two with previous Budd-Chiari syndrome), we obtained sufficient amounts of ECFC to isolate DNA. None of the ECFC colonies bore the identified mutations (one exhibited a very faint peak of mutated nucleotide on electrophoregram but mRNA transcripts analysis from this ECFC colony revealed traces amounts of CD45 and CD11b mRNA, suggesting a contamination by leukocytes). Conclusion: This is the first study reporting the absence of PIG-A gene mutation in ECFC from PNH patients, indicating that the mature endothelial cells are not bearing the PIG-A mutation. These cells are thus involved in thrombosis probably by free hemoglobin and thrombin cell activation, rather than by direct damage caused by PIG-A gene mutation. These results also indicate that, in PNH, the PIG-A gene mutation occurs most probably after the common precursor between endothelial progenitor cells and HSC. Disclosures: Peffault de Latour: Alexion: Consultancy, Research Funding. Fischer:Alexion: Consultancy. Helley:Alexion: Consultancy.
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Matiev, Timur. "Civil War in the North Caucasus in the Reflection of the Mountainous Bourgeoise-Democratic Print (On the Materials of “Volnyy Gorets” Newspaper)." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 1 (February 2020): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.1.9.
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Introduction. The article attempts to analyze the attitude of the Mountainous government in exile and the Union of Mountaineers of the North Caucasus and Dagestan in a broader sense to the events of the Civil War in the North Caucasus in 1919–1920 based on local printing. Methods and materials. The main emphasis is placed on the analysis of materials of “Volny Gorets” newspaper of the Mountainous government. The authors use the problemchronological, historical-systemic method and the system-functional analysis method. Analysis. The article analyzes the attitude of the mountainous democrats, expressed on the pages of the newspaper, to such aspects of the Civil War as the union of mountain peoples with the Bolsheviks, the assessment of the white and red plans for the mountain regions, the real policy of the warring parties in 1917–1920, the prospects for a confederative structure of the Caucasus. The split of mountain unity by the Bolsheviks is considered by their prosecutors the main reason why the North Caucasus was not able to resist the Denikin invasion. Results. “Volny Gorets” publication is an important and extremely informative source on the events in the North Caucasus during the Civil War of 1919–1920. The newspaper’s publications are both purely informational and analytical. The analysis given by the newspaper’s authors is deep and sober. The events of the civil war in the North Caucasus attracted the closest attention of the editors and, on the whole, remained the priority topic of publications in each issue of “Volny Gorets” during 1919–1920. The analysis of the publication is relatively free from ideological press and bias that distinguishes both purely “white” and “red” publications of that time.
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Wittman, Friedner, Douglas Polcin, and Dave Sheridan. "The architecture of recovery: two kinds of housing assistance for chronic homeless persons with substance use disorders." Drugs and Alcohol Today 17, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dat-12-2016-0032.
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Purpose Roughly half a million persons in the USA are homeless on any given night and over a third of those individuals have significant alcohol/other drug (AOD) problems. Many are chronically homeless and in need of assistance for a variety of problems. However, the literature on housing services for this population has paid limited attention to comparative analyses contrasting different approaches. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The authors examined the literature on housing models for homeless persons with AOD problems and critically analyzed how service settings and operations aligned with service goals. Findings The authors found two predominant housing models that reflect different service goals: sober living houses (SLHs) and housing first (HF). SLHs are communally based living arrangements that draw on the principles of Alcoholics Anonymous. They emphasize a living environment that promotes abstinence and peer support for recovery. HF is based on the premise that many homeless persons with substance abuse problems will reject abstinence as a goal. Therefore, the HF focus is providing subsidized or free housing and optional professional services for substance abuse, psychiatric disorders, and other problems. Research limitations/implications If homeless service providers are to develop comprehensive systems for homeless persons with AOD problems, they need to consider important contrasts in housing models, including definitions of “recovery,” roles of peer support, facility management, roles for professional service, and the architectural designs that support the mission of each type of housing. Originality/value This paper is the first to consider distinct consumer choices within homeless service systems and provide recommendations to improve each based upon architecture and community planning principles.
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Castellino, Alessia, Annalisa Chiappella, Betsy Laplant, Levy D. Pederson, Giorgio Inghirami, Gianluca Gaidano, William R. Macon, et al. "High Efficacy of Lenalidomide Plus R-CHOP (R2CHOP) Combination in First Line Treatment of Activated B-Cell (ABC) DLBCL Defined Using Gene-Expression Prophyling: A Combined Analysis from Two Phase 2 Trials." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 2962. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119495.
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Abstract Introduction: Lenalidomide (Len) in association with standard Rituximab-CHOP (R2CHOP21) has been shown to be safe and effective in newly diagnosed Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphomas (DLBCL) [Nowakowski et al. JCO 2014, Vitolo et al. Lancet Oncol 2014]. The addition of lenalidomide appears to benefit primarily patients with non-Germinal Center B-cell (non-GCB) phenotype as determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). These early results led to currently ongoing randomized trial in ABC subtype of DLBCL, however efficacy of R2CHOP in ABC DLBCL as defined by Gene Expression Prophyling (GEP) has not been reported. In the present combined analysis of two independent phase 2 studies, we report the long-term follow-up (FU) outcome in DLBCL patients treated with R2CHOP, comparing GCB and ABC according to Nanostring Platform. Methods: We included all newly diagnosed histologically-confirmed de-novo DLBCL patients enrolled in two R2CHOP21 phase 2 trials, conducted by Mayo Clinic (MC) and Italian Lymphoma Foundation (FIL). Inclusion criteria in the two trials were similar, main differences included: all age and all International Prognostic Index (IPI) vs age between 60 and 80 years old and IPI >1, in MC vs FIL study, respectively. All pts received R-CHOP21 plus Len at 25 mg/day for 10 days/cycle and 15 mg/day for 14 days/cycle in MC and FIL trial, respectively. Cell of origin (COO) was determined by IHC, according to Hans algorithm, and retrospectively, in patients with available pathological material, by Nanostring, performed according to Scott algorithm and Masque-Soler signature in MC and FIL study, respectively. We analyzed the long-term FU outcome in terms of progression-free survival (PFS), time to progression (TTP), overall survival (OS), comparing between GCB and ABC phenotypes according to GEP. Results: A total of 112 DLBCL pts (63 MC, 49 FIL) were included. Main characteristics were: median age 69 years (y) (range 22-87), male 65 (58%) pts, advanced stage III-IV in 94 (84%), B symptoms in 38 (34%), International Prognostic Index (IPI) intermediate-high/high in 71 (63%). At a median follow-up of 5.1 years (y), 5y-PFS was 63.5%, 5y-TTP 70.1% and 5y-OS 75.4%. A total of 32 relapses were observed, with only 2 cases of Central Nervous System (CNS) relapse. Late relapse occurring beyond 3 years was observed in 4 cases (3 cases with GCB phenotype and one case with missing COO data). In a subgroup analysis by IPI 0-2 vs 3-5 were: 5y-PFS, 5y-TTP and 5y-OS were: 69.0% vs 59.0% (p=0.100), 73.2% vs 67.4% (p=0.285) and 82.3% vs 70.2% (p=0.059), respectively. Regarding for COO defined by IHC, GCB phenotype vs non-GCB were 45 (40%) vs 41 (37%) patients respectively; 26 (23%) patients were not evaluable. 5y-PFS, 5y-TTP and 5y-OS were: 52.8% vs 64.5% (p=0.198), 61.6% vs 69.6% (p=0.444) and 68.6% vs 74.1% (p=0.238) in GCB vs non-GCB, defined by IHC, respectively. Regarding Nanostring analysis, GCB vs ABC vs Unclassified (Uncl) were 31 (46%) vs 22 (32%) vs 15 (22%) respectively; 44 pts were not evaluable. 5y-PFS, 5y-TTP and 5y-OS were: 62.3% vs 70.8% vs 64.2% (p=0.645), 68.1% vs 79.8% vs 64.2% (p=0.662) and 76.0% vs 74.8% vs 79.0% (p=0.658) in GCB vs ABC vs Uncl, defined by Nanostring, respectively (Table1, Fig1). Conclusions: The association of Len with R-CHOP21 appears to overcome the negative prognostic impact of ABC phenotype determined by GEP, with high PFS, TTP and OS rate, maintained at a long-term FU analysis. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures Chiappella: Teva: Other: lecture fees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: lecture fees; Nanostring: Other: lecture fees; Roche: Other: lecture fees; Amgen: Other: lecture fees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: lecture fees. Gaidano:Roche: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Morphosys: Honoraria. Witzig:Celgene: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding. Vitolo:Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Speakers Bureau; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Sandoz: Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Speakers Bureau.
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Sroka, Kazimierz A. "Kontakt językowy w tłumaczeniu. Początkowy etap rozwoju przedimka określonego w świetle gockiego przekładu Biblii." Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego LXXV, no. 75 (December 31, 2019): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6618.
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Language contact in translation: The initial stage in the development of the definite article in the light of the Gothic text of the Bible. Summary: Definiteness (weak determination) is a characteristic of grammatical constructions whose base is a name, and whose formative is an article (a weak determiner). In definiteness, we distinguish between exponents (which are formatives of the mentioned grammatical constructions), e.g. the, a(n), functives (or determinants), and formal values (viz. definite, indefinite, and bare). Functives are the factors which, at the stage of encoding, determine the occurrence of particular exponents. They are either formal (e.g. the target role of the article as an exponent of nominalization) or logico-semantic. The latter make a system whose components are the actual scope values of a countable common name, viz. α1 = unique, α2 = identifying, β = free, γ1 = universal, γ2 = existential, and δ = species-oriented. They correspond to the subsets of the scope of the name which, at the stage of encoding, are those to be conveyed in the message, and, at the stage of decoding, are recognized as actually conveyed. The types of functives mentioned are applied to the analysis of the use of the simple demonstrative sa (m.), sō (f.), þata (n.) ‘this, that’ in the Gothic translation of the Bible. It is shown that this demonstrative can be qualified as an article or article-like determiner when it appears as (a) an exponent of co-reference, i.e. when the actual scope value of the name it precedes is α2 (identifying), e.g. hundafaþs … sa hundafaþs ‘a centurion … the centurion’ (b) an exponent of nominalization, e.g. sa saiands ‘the (one) sowing’, ‘the sower’, and as (c) an element connecting the components of an appositive construction, e.g. sunus meins sa liuba ‘my son the beloved (one)’. Such types of the use of the demonstrative are treated as the initial stage in the development of the definite article in Gothic. It is probable that in a similar way, and especially as an exponent of co-reference, this article started to develop also in other languages. The influence of the Greek original upon the use of the Gothic simple demonstrative as a counterpart of the definite article ὁ, ἡ, τό is indubitable but it is not so strong as to violate the morpho-semantic rules of Gothic. Thus, in the case of the actual scope value α1 (unique) and γ1 (universal), a simple name in Gothic is preceded by the zero determiner although (but not always) in the Greek original it is accompanied by the definite article, e.g. in the case of α1: sauil ὁ ἥλιοϛ ‘the sun’, and in the case of γ1: skalks ὁ δοῦλος ‘the servant’. S t r e s z c z e n i e: Określoność słaba (ang. definiteness) przysługuje konstrukcji gramatycznej, której podstawą (bazą) jest nazwa, a formatywem ‒ określnik słaby, czyli adimek (ang. article), którego odmianą jest przedimek. Na określoność słabą składają się wykładniki (które są formatywami we wspomnianych konstrukcjach gramatycznych), np. ang. the, a(n), funktywy (czyli determinanty) i wartości formalne (mianowicie: określona, nieokreślona i zero-określnikowa). Funktywy to czynniki, które w procesie kodowania determinują występowanie poszczególnych wykładników. Dzielą się one na formalne (np. docelowa rola przedimka jako wykładnika nominalizacji) i logiczno-semantyczne. Te ostatnie stanowią system, na który składają się aktualne wartości zakresowe pospolitej nazwy policzalnej, a mianowicie: α1 = unikatowa, α2 = identyfikująca, β = wolna, γ1 = uniwersalna, γ2 = egzystencjalna i δ = rodzajowa/gatunkowa. Odpowiadają one podzbiorom zakresu nazwy, które na etapie kodowania występują jako docelowe, a na etapie dekodowania są rozpoznawane jako faktycznie obecne. Wymienione rodzaje funktywów są wykorzystane do analizy użycia demonstrativum prostego sa, sō, þata ‘ten, ta, to’, ‘tamten, tamata, tamto’ w gockim przekładzie Biblii. Ukazano, że to demonstrativum ma tu charakter przedimkowy lub przedimkopodobny, gdy występuje jako (a) wykładnik współodniesienia (koreferncji), czyli gdy aktualną wartością zakresową nazwy jest α2 (identyfikująca), np. hundafaþs … sa hundafaþs ‘setnik … (ten) setnik’ (b) wykładnik nominalizacji, np. sa saiands ‘[ten] siejący’, ‘siewca’, oraz (c) element łączący składniki konstrukcji apozycyjnej, np. sunus meins sa liuba ‘syn mój [ten] umiłowany’. Tego rodzaju użycia demonstrativum traktowane są jako początkowy etap rozwoju przedimka określonego w gockim. Jest prawdopodobne, że w podobny sposób, a szczególnie jako wykładnik współodniesienia, przedimek ten zaczął się rozwijać także w innych językach. Wpływ oryginału greckiego na użycie demonstrativum jako odpowiednika przedimka określonego ὁ, ἡ, τό jest niewątpliwy, lecz nie tak silny, aby gwałcić reguły morfosemantyczne języka gockiego, o czym świadczy fakt, że w przypadku aktualnej wartości zakresowej α1 (unikatowej) i γ1 (uniwersalnej) nazwę prostą poprzedza w gockim określnik zerowy, mimo że (choć nie zawsze) w greckim oryginale występuje przedimek określony, np. w przypadku α1: sauil ὁ ἥλιοϛ ‘słońce’, a w przypadku γ1: skalks ὁ δοῦλος ‘sługa’.
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