Journal articles on the topic 'Frederick Matthias Alexander'

This case study investigates anecdotes and claims about Alexander Technique founding father Frederick Matthias Alexander who allegedly „treated" numerous eminent Edwardian London actresses and actors. Research shows it is advisable to question those stories and claims.

In 1916, three educational reformers founded the Bureau of Educational Experiments. Between 1916 and 1919, the Bureau had no clear direction. On the one hand, they offered a clearinghouse gathering and distributing educational information, issuing bulletins, preparing exhibitions, and maintaining a specialized library. On the other hand, they subsidized, initiated, and conducted a range of educational experiments. Before Bureau members eventually found their direction in 1919, they scored a few successes and had their share of failures. One outstanding failure concerns Lucy Sprague Mitchell’s plan to investigate F. Matthias Alexander’s breathing and habit changing procedures.

In 1931, Frederick Matthias Alexander, founding father of the Alexander Technique, who in 1894 began a career as a full-time stage artist and elocution and breathing teacher launched his book The Use of the Self explaining the history of his discovery of what he called a ―primary control of the psycho-physical mechanisms‖ (Alexander, 1932c). This case study critically describes the chronicle of Alexander‘s claim, notably citing the full text of a yet unreferenced letter to the editor of the Yorkshire Post written by Alexander in reaction to a book review by the young journalist Charles Davy. The case study shows how Alexander and his followers developed a strategy of self-sought isolation

The Alexander Technique is a method that emerged as a result of Actor Frederick Matthias Alexander’s work on himself to solve the problems he had with his voice during his performance. This technique, which was effective for himself, rapidly became widespread because it was tried by different people over time and positive results were obtained. Today, it is effective not only for music but also for people from different disciplines to use their bodies more comfortably and thus have a natural posture. In this sense, in the study, ten different instructors working in various locations were selected as the study group to reach the findings related to the use of the Alexander Technique and the results of the technique in flute lessons given in the music departments of higher education institutions in Turkey. Framed by the researcher, interview questions with expert opinions were asked, and the data obtained were tabulated and presented with the content analysis method, one of the qualitative research methods.

This case study investigates F. M. Alexander’s newly coined phrase “the true primary movement in each and every act,” as well as the interpretations of this neologism by Alexander Technique teachers and a wellknown Alexander follower who wrote the first biography of Alexander. The case study further discusses the fact that Alexander was of the opinion that his method(s) constitute applied “race culture,” that is, applied eugenics

This (third and final part of a three-part) case study loosely examines the results of several new ways of doing research — through sites such as Amazon.com, Ebay.com, Google.com, PriceMinister.com, Trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper, Used.addall.com, and Worldcat.org.

Abstract Background: Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP-2) and hepatocyte growth factor receptor (cMET) are promising therapies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, their clinical application requires robust and rapid biomarker evaluation that addresses expression heterogeneity and avoid interobserver variability. Current approaches based on pathologist assessments are limited by subjectivity and scalability. This study aimed to develop a generalizable AI model for ADC biomarker evaluation, trained on TROP-2 and inferred on cMET, to validate its adaptability across markers. Additionally, the model’s performance was compared with expert pathologists to assess its clinical utility. Finally, biomarker prevalence in the two main NSCLC subtypes, namely adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), was evaluated. Methods: We collected a bicentric real-world sample group of 1142 patients with resected NSCLC from the Charité, Berlin and the University Hospital Cologne. For tissue microarray construction, two 1.5-mm tissue cores were punched from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor blocks. Immunohistochemical staining for TROP-2 and cMET was performed and sections were scanned for AI-based analysis. The AI pipeline comprised three models: a cell detection model for the identification of cells, a cell classification model for the differentiation of tumor and other cells, and an expression scoring model for membranous biomarker quantification. The model was trained on TROP-2, and subsequently inferred on cMET, thus enabling an evaluation of cross-marker generalization. Five pathologists with varying levels of expertise manually evaluated a representative subset, using H-scoring. Finally, the results were compared with those yielded by the AI model. Results: The expression scoring model achieved a macro-averaged F1 score of 94% for TROP-2 and 91% for cMET. Moreover, the model demonstrated excellent concordance with expert pathologists (TROP-2: 93%; cMET: 95% average pair-wise Pearson correlation). TROP-2 overexpression was significantly higher in LUSC (mean H-score: 154.67) than LUAD (mean H-score: 86.57), while cMET showed the opposite trend (mean H-score LUAD: 59.52; LUSC: 25.68). Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of AI models to address key challenges in ADC biomarker evaluation, including expression heterogeneity, interobserver variability, and reduction in time expenditure. By successfully generalizing between TROP-2 and cMET, the model demonstrates adaptability and scalability for broader clinical applications. These findings pave the way for integrating AI into clinical workflows, improving patient stratification, and optimizing ADC therapy selection. Future efforts will focus on expanding this approach to additional biomarkers and validating its utility in prospective clinical trials. Citation Format: Philipp Anders, Philipp Erwin Seegerer, Katja Lingelbach, Suhas Pandhe, Sandip Ghosh, Cornelius Böhm, Stephan Tietz, Rosemarie Krupar, Lars Tharun, Marie-Lisa Eich, Julika Ribbat-Idel, Verena Aumiller, Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse, Alexander Quaas, Nikolaj Frost, Georg Schlachtenberger, Matthias Heldwein, Ulrich Keilholz, Khosro Hekmat, Jens-Carsten Rückert, Reinhard Büttner, David Horst, Maximilian Alber, Lukas Ruff, Frederick Klauschen, Gabriel Dernbach, Simon Schallenberg. From bench to bedside: generalizable AI model for ADC biomarker evaluation in NSCLC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2025; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2025 Apr 25-30; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2025;85(8_Suppl_1):Abstract nr 3351.

Abstract Background: Despite the rapidly increasing number of new targeted and immunotherapeutic options over the past two decades, the prognosis of patients with NSCLC, even with early-stage tumors, is still poor and novel biomarkers are needed to better stratify patients in terms of survival and treatment response. A novel approach is to gain a holistic understanding of the cellular composition and formation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Therefore, we developed a miF-based, AI-driven approach for spatially resolved TME characterization at the cellular level and used this to successfully predict clinical outcome. Methods: We assembled a large bicentric real-world sample group of 1168 patients with resected NSCLC from the Charite and the University Hospital Cologne. For tissue microarray construction, four 1.5 mm tissue cores were punched from each formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tumor block. Sections were stained with a 12-plex IF panel followed by H&E staining. All stains were scanned and co-registered with single cell accuracy. Next, we trained a H&E-based tissue segmentation model to detect the different tumor regions: carcinoma, stroma, and necrosis. In addition, we developed a nucleus-based cell detection model, and 12 cell classification models to categorize each detected cell by single-miF channels. Different cell phenotypes were derived from the marker-specific cell classifications. Finally, we trained a model on the Charité cohort using the spatially resolved cell readouts, spot-wise phenotype log-density, co-clustering of marker expression, and frequency of co-occurrence of marker expression through Delaunay triangulation, to predict patient survival on the Cologne cohort. Results: The tissue segmentation model achieved a macro averaged F1 score of 92%. The cell detection model identified a total of 53 million cells that were classified marker-wise with an F1 score of at least 95% on hold-out data. Our final prediction model identified a stable spatially resolved cell signature, consisting of 10 different characteristic cell neighborhood niches, which could be used to predict overall patient survival. The model trained on the Charite cohort was validated with the Cologne cohort and achieved a high performance (C-score of 71). In comparison, the UICC8 stage and the immunoscore (CD20+CD3+/carcinoma cell ratio), which were used as a baseline, achieved C-scores of 63 and 54, respectively. Conclusions: The combination of our large real-world clinical cohort, multiplex panel, and automated AI approach enabled a broad spatially resolved exploration of the TME in NSCLC at single cell resolution. Our model identified a specific cell neighborhood signature predictive of patient survival outperforming the commonly used prognostic scores, UICC8 stage and immunoscore. This allows for an improved patient stratification with potential implication for therapy selection. Citation Format: Simon Schallenberg, Gabriel Dernbach, Sharon Ruane, Cornelius Böhm, Lukas Ruff, Kai Standvoss, Sandip Ghosh, Marco Frentsch, Mihnea Dragomir, Rebecca Fritz, Ines Koch, Corinna Friedrich, Il-Kang Na, Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse, Alexander Quaas, Nikolaj Frost, Kyrill Boschung, Winfried Randerath, Georg Schlachtenberger, Matthias Heldwein, Ulrich Keilholz, Khosro Hekmat, Jens Rückert, Reinhard Büttner, Angela Vasaturo, David Horst, Maximilian Alber, Frederick Klauschen. AI-driven, mIF-based cell-omics reveals spatially resolved cell signature for outcome prediction in NSCLC patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5222.

Abstract Background: Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) is expressed in 70% to 80% of lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD). Several papers revealed that TTF-1 expression is associated with better patient outcomes independent of the tumor stage. However, it is unknown whether the prognostic impact of TTF-1 only results from a different growth pattern (tumor grading) or is independently associated with a biologically more aggressive phenotype. Thus, we analyzed a large bi-centric cohort of LUAD to assume the true prognostic value of TTF-1 in relation to the tumor grade. Methods: We collected a large, real-life cohort of 447 patients with completely resected LUAD from two large-volume German lung cancer centers. TTF-1 status, evaluated by IHC, and tumor grading were correlated with clinical, pathologic, and molecular data, as well as patient outcomes. Kaplan-Meier curves were used for comparison of TTF-1 status and different tumor grades in terms of the DFS. The impact of TTF-1 was measured by univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Finally, a causal graph analysis was performed to identify and account for potential confounders to improve the statistical estimation of the predictive power of TTF-1 expression for DFS in comparison to the tumor grade. Results: Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that TTF-1 positivity is associated with longer DFS independent of tumor grade, whereas a strong association of DFS with the tumor grade is observed only in TTF-1-positive patients. In univariate analysis, TTF-1 positivity was associated with significantly longer DFS (median log HR -0.83 [-1.43; -0.20]; p=0.018), whereas higher tumor grade showed a non-significant association with shorter DFS (median log HR 0.30 [-0.58; 1.60]; p=0,62 for G1 to G2 and 0.68 [-0.24; 1.89]; p=0,34 for G2 to G3). In multivariate analysis, TTF-1 positivity resulted in a significantly longer DFS (median log HR -0.65 [-1.13; -0.09]; p=0.05) independent of all other parameters, including tumor grade. Applying the adjustment sets suggested by the causal graph analysis, the superiority of TTF-1 (median log HR -0.86 [-1.25; -0.41]) over tumor grade (median log HR 0.31 [-0.32; 1.30]/0.61[-0.07; 1.65]) in terms of prognostic power was confirmed. Conclusion: This study draws three important conclusions: Firstly, it indicates that the prognostic power of tumor grade is limited to TTF-1-positive patients. Secondly, it underlines the independent prognostic value of TTF-1 expression for DFS regardless of tumor grade. Finally, our analyses reveal that the effect size of TTF-1 surpasses that of tumor grade. To transfer the results directly into the clinical area, we recommend distinguishing between TTF-1-positive and TTF-1-negative LUADs in the pathological report. Tumor grading should only be applied to TTF-1-positive LUADs (TTF-1+/G1-3). TTF-1-negative LUADs should either not be graded or always be classified as high-grade (TTF-1-/G3). Citation Format: Simon Schallenberg, Gabriel Dernbach, Mihnea Dragomir, Georg Schlachtenberger, Kyrill Boschung, Corinna Friedrich, Kai Standvoss, Lukas Ruff, Philipp Anders, Christian Grohe, Winfried Randerath, Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse, Alexander Quaas, Matthias Heldwein, Ulrich Keilholz, Khosro Hekmat, Jens Rückert, Reinhard Büttner, David Horst, Frederick Klauschen, Nikolaj Frost. TTF-1 status in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma is an independent predictor of relapse and survival superior to tumor grading [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 5221.

This case study investigates John Dewey’s role in debates on the topic of New Education and Progressive Education schools. It deals about William H. Kilpatrick’s learning by projects method, Gertrude Hartman’s learning by activities method, and the late-1920s and early-1930s Activity Program. In his writings between 1902 and 1938, Dewey advised to walk the middle path between teacher-centered education and child- or student-centered education. Surprisingly enough, his Experience and Education holds a hidden message, which promotes the so-called Alexander Technique as a means of achieving the “ideal aim of education,” that is, the “creation of power of self-control

Background:Up to 40% of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients develop kidney disease, which represents a major cause of morbidity.Objectives:To update the 2012 EULAR/ERA-EDTA recommendations for the management of lupus nephritis (LN).Methods:We followed the EULAR standardised operating procedures for the publication of treatment recommendations. Delphi-based methodology led to 15 questions for systematic literature review (SLR), which was undertaken by three fellows.Results:The changes include recommendations for treatment targets, use of glucocorticoids and calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), and management of end-stage-kidney-disease (ESKD). The target of therapy is complete response (proteinuria <0.5-0.7gr/24h with [near-]normal glomerular filtration rate) by 12 months, but this can be extended in patients with baseline nephrotic-range proteinuria. Hydroxychloroquine is recommended with regular ophthalmological monitoring. In active proliferative LN, initial (induction) treatment with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF 2-3g/day, or mycophenolic acid at equivalent dose) or low-dose intravenous cyclophosphamide (CY; 500mg x6 biweekly doses), both combined with glucocorticoids (pulses of intravenous methylprednisolone, then oral prednisone 0.3-0.5mg/kg/day) is recommended. MMF/CNI (especially tacrolimus) combination and high-dose CY are alternatives, for patients with nephrotic-range proteinuria and adverse prognostic factors. Subsequent long-term maintenance treatment with MMF or azathioprine should follow, with no or low-dose (<7.5 mg/day) glucocorticoids. The choice of agent depends on the initial regimen and plans for pregnancy. In non-responding disease, switch of induction regimens or rituximab are recommended. In pure membranous LN with nephrotic-range proteinuria or proteinuria >1g/24h despite renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockade, MMF in combination with glucocorticoids is preferred. Assessment for kidney and extra-renal disease activity, and management of comorbidities is lifelong with repeat kidney biopsy in cases of incomplete response or nephritic flares. In ESKD, transplantation is the preferred kidney replacement option with immunosuppression guided by transplant protocols and/or extra-renal manifestations.Conclusion:The updated recommendations intend to inform rheumatologists, nephrologists, patients, national professional societies, hospital officials, social security agencies and regulators about the treatment of LN based on most recent evidence.Disclosure of Interests:Antonis Fanouriakis Paid instructor for: Paid instructor for Enorasis, Amgen, Speakers bureau: Paid speaker for Roche, Genesis Pharma, Mylan, Myrto Kostopoulou: None declared, Kim Cheema: None declared, Hans-Joachim Anders: None declared, Martin Aringer Consultant of: Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Speakers bureau: Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche, Ingeborg Bajema Consultant of: GSK, John N. Boletis Grant/research support from: GSK, Pfizer, Paid instructor for: GSK, Abbvie, UCB, Enorasis, Eleni Frangou: None declared, Frederic Houssiau Grant/research support from: UCB, Consultant of: GSK, Jane Hollis: None declared, Alexandre Karras: None declared, Francesca Marchiori: None declared, Stephen Marks: None declared, Gabriela Moroni: None declared, Marta Mosca: None declared, Ioannis Parodis: None declared, Manuel Praga: None declared, Matthias Schneider Grant/research support from: GSK, UCB, Abbvie, Consultant of: Abbvie, Alexion, Astra Zeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Gilead, Lilly, Sanofi, UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Astra Zeneca, BMS, Chugai, GSK, Lilly, Pfizer, Sanofi, Josef S. Smolen Grant/research support from: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Celgene, Celltrion, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Gilead, ILTOO, Janssen, Novartis-Sandoz, Pfizer Inc, Samsung, Sanofi, Consultant of: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Celgene, Celltrion, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Gilead, ILTOO, Janssen, Novartis-Sandoz, Pfizer Inc, Samsung, Sanofi, Vladimir Tesar: None declared, Maria Trachana: None declared, Ronald van Vollenhoven Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, Arthrogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Lilly, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Biotest, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Crescendo Bioscience, GSK, Janssen, Lilly, Medac, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB and Vertex, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Biotest, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Crescendo Bioscience, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB, Vertex, Alexandre Voskuyl: None declared, Y.K. Onno Teng Grant/research support from: GSK, Consultant of: GSK, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Bernadette van Leeuw: None declared, George Bertsias Grant/research support from: GSK, Consultant of: Novartis, David Jayne Grant/research support from: ChemoCentryx, GSK, Roche/Genentech, Sanofi-Genzyme, Consultant of: Astra-Zeneca, ChemoCentryx, GSK, InflaRx, Takeda, Insmed, Chugai, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Dimitrios Boumpas: None declared

Until the 21st century, the so-called progressive education movement in the United States was most often attributed to dead white men, especially John Dewey and others, including Colonel Francis Parker, William Heard Kilpatrick, and Harold Rugg (Cremin, 1961). More recently, Lucy Sprague Mitchell, Caroline Pratt, and other women have also been given credit as founders of progressive education (Aldridge & Christensen, 2013; Sadovnik & Semel (Eds.), 2002; Staring, 2013, 2014, 2016). Less attention has been given to the psychological underpinnings that informed progressive schools. This case study briefly reviews some of the psychological foundations of progressive education and documents the contributions of Dr. Beatrice Hinkle, M.D. the first woman pioneer of analytical psychology in the United States, to the early progressive school movement.

Background:Remission is the stated goal for both patient and care-giver (1), but consensus on a definition of remission has been lacking. Previously, an international task force consisting of patient representatives and medical specialists published a frame-work for such a definition (2), but without making a final recommendation.Objectives:To achieve consensus around a definition of remission in SLE (DORIS).Methods:The DORIS task force met annually from 2015 to 2020 and consisted of patient representatives and specialists in rheumatology, nephrology, dermatology, and clinical immunology. Systemic literature reviews of several key topics were done and specific research questions were examined in suitably chosen datasets. The findings were discussed, reformulated as recommendations, and voted upon. Level of evidence (LoE), strength of recommendation (SoR), and agreement were determined in standard fashion. The final recommendation for the DORIS definition of remission was established by electronic vote after finalization of the minutes of the most recent task force meeting.Results:Based on data from the literature and from several SLE-specific data sets, five key recommendations were endorsed (Table 1) that should be seen as additions to those published previously (2). Literature reviews identified strong support for the face-, content-, construct- and criterion validity of the definition based on the clinical SLEDAI (not including anti-DNA and complement) equal to zero plus low physician global assessment and allowing stable medical treatment. Thus, the DORIS Task Force recommended a single definition of remission in SLE, based on clinical SLEDAI = 0, evaluator’s global assessment <0.5 (0-3), prednisone 5 mg/day or less, and stable antimalarials, immunosuppressives and biologics.Table 1.Vote in favorLoESoRAgreement1.Inclusion of serology [anti-DNA, complement] in the DORIS definition of remission-on-treatment does not meaningfully alter the construct validity and therefore it is not recommended to include it90%2aB8.382.While the goal of treatment is sustained remission, a definition of remission should be able to be met at any point in time; therefore, duration should not be included in the definition100%5C9.023.To date, the SLEDAI-based definitions of remission have formally been investigated more extensively than BILAG-or ECLAM-based definitions. The SLEDAI-based definitions can therefore more confidently be recommended91%2aB9.254.Remission off treatment, while the ultimate goal for many patients and providers, is achieved very rarely. In clinical research and as an outcome in clinical trials, the definition for remission-on-treatment is recommended92%2aB9.525.In clinical trials, the LLDAS definition for low disease activity and the DORIS definition of remission are both recommended as outcomes100%5C9.25The 2021 DORIS definition of remission in SLE:Conclusion:The 2021 DORIS definition of remission in SLE was established. It is recommended for use as an aspirational treatment target in clinical care, a clear concept in education, and a key outcome in research including clinical trials and observational studies.References:[1]van Vollenhoven RF, Mosca M, Bertsias G, et al. Treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus: recommendations from an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73:958-67.[2]van Vollenhoven R, Voskuyl A, Bertsias G, et al. A framework for remission in SLE: consensus findings from a large international task force on definitions of remission in SLE (DORIS). Ann Rheum Dis 2016.Disclosure of Interests:Ronald van Vollenhoven Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Galapagos, GSK, Janssen, Pfizer, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Biogen, Biotest, Celgene, Galapagos, Gilead, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi, Servier, UCB, Vielabo, Grant/research support from: BMS, GSK, Lilly, UCB, George Bertsias: None declared, Andrea Doria: None declared, David Isenberg: None declared, Eric F. Morand: None declared, Michelle A Petri: None declared, Bernardo Pons-Estel Consultant of: GSK, Janssen, Anisur Rahman: None declared, Manuel Ugarte-Gil Grant/research support from: Janssen, Pfizer, Alexandre Voskuyl: None declared, Laurent Arnaud Consultant of: Alexion, Amgen, Astra-Zeneca, BMS, GSK, Janssen-Cilag, LFB, Lilly, Menarini France, Medac, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche-Chugaï, UCB., Ian N. Bruce: None declared, Ricard Cervera Consultant of: GSK, Alexion, Eli Lilly, Astra Zeneca, Termo-Fisher, Rubió, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau: None declared, Caroline Gordon Speakers bureau: UCB, Consultant of: Center for Disease Control, Astra-Zeneca, MGP, Sanofi, UCB, Frederic Houssiau: None declared, Marta Mosca: None declared, Matthias Schneider: None declared, Michael Ward: None declared, Cynthia Aranow: None declared.

<p>La reflexión filosófica sobre el cuerpo ha experimentado un auge en los últimos siglos, tratando de superar desde diferentes aproximaciones la devaluación, abandono e incluso rechazo del mismo. En este sentido, estas páginas revisan el método de educación corporal desarrollado por el actor australiano Frederick Matthias Alexander en relación con el filósofo americano John Dewey y su propuesta filosófica. Alexander influenció la vida y obra de Dewey, proporcionándole no sólo una crítica sobre los dualismos construidos en torno al cuerpo, sino también una técnica corporal desde la cual superarlos. </p>

Background: Low back pain has a signicant impact on functional capacity, as pain restricts occupational activities and is a major cause of malingering. Acupressure is originated from China basically and it is in use from ages in every disease and disorders to treat participants with manual acupressure and after a time electro acupressure came into introduction. Frederick Matthias Alexander, founder of the Alexander technique and it uses enhanced kinaesthetic awareness and voluntary inhibition to prevent non-benecial movement pattern. Aim:To nd out the effect of acupressure pen with alexander technique in low back pain among bus drivers. Objectives:To decrease pain sensitivity To improve exercise tolerance and endurance To compare the experimental group to the control group Method: Thirty participants were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were treated with acupressure pen for three days/week and AT for ve days/week Results:The data was analyzed using SPSS Version22. Parametric test was used. In group A improvement was seen. Conclusions: Acupressure pen along with Alexander technique are effective to reduce low back pain and improve daily life activities among bus drivers.

We would like to thank the following abstract graders for their invaluable time and effort in reviewing abstracts for Scientific Sessions 2011. Brian Abbott Friederike K. Keating Geoffrey Abbott John Kern Evan Abel Karl Kern Benjamin S. Abella Morton Kern Theodore Abraham Amit Khera William T. Abraham Raymond J. Kim Stephan Achenbach Sue Kimm Michael A. Acker Carey D. Kimmelstiel Michael J. Ackerman Jacobo Kirsch David H. Adams Joel Kirsh M. Jacob Adams Lorrie Kirshenbaum Ted Adams Raj Kishore Philip A. Ades Masafumi Kitakaze Gail K. Adler Andre Kleber Sunil K. Agarwal Neil S. Kleiman Frank Aguirre George J. Klein Masood Ahmad Helmut U. Klein Bina Ahmed Liviu Klein Gorav Ailawadi Robert A. Kloner Anthony Aizer Bjorn Knollmann Teiji Akagi Kirk Knowlton Fadi Akar Walter J. Koch Shahab Akhter Wolfgang Koenig Khatib Sana Al Stavros Konstantinides Mark J. Alberts Michael C. Kontos John H. Alexander Bruce A. Koplan Karen P. Alexander Gideon Koren Mo Ali Robert Kormos Larry A. Allen Jane M. Kotchen Norrina B. Allen Frederic Kraemer Matthew A. Allison Itzhak Kronzon Mouaz Al-Mallah Harlan M. Krumholz Diego Alvarez Helmut Kuecherer Aman M. Amanullah Aaron Kugelmass Giuseppe Ambrosio Johan Kuiper Amit P. Amin Marrick L. Kukin Philipe Amouyel Lewis H. Kuller Ezra Amsterdam Lih Kuo Inder S. Anand J. W. Kwang Paul Anaya Wai-meng Kwok Gregor Andelfinger Raymond Kwong Jeffrey Anderson Bonnie Ky Rob Andrews Daniel T. Lackland Stefan Anker Wyman Lai David Antoniucci John J. Lamberti Charles Antzelevitch Rachel J. Lampert Piero Anversa Roberto Lang Ani Anyanwu Alexandra Lansky Lawrence J. Appel Warren K. Laskey Juan Aranda Michael Lauer Paul W. Armstrong Harold L. Lazar Suzanne Arnold Eric Lazartigues James Arrighi Ngoc Anh Le James. Arrowood Linda Leatherbury Takayuki Asahara Jonathan W. Lederer Deborah D. Ascheim Byron K. Lee Euan Ashley Christopher Lee Muhammad Ashraf Richard Lee Samuel Asirvatham Vivien Lee Saira Aslam David J. Lefer Dan Atar Thierry Lefevre Dianne L. Atkins Carl V. Leier Pavan Atluri Larry Leiter Andrew M. Atz Thierry LeJemtel John A. Auchampach Scott Lemaire John Augoustides Robert Lemery Robert Augustyniak Isabelle Lemieux Gerard P. Aurigemma Terry A. Lennie Metin. Avkiran Martin Leon Leon Axel Dario Leosco Philip Aylward Stamatios Lerakis Arnold Baas Annarosa Leri Joseph D. Babb Amir Lerman V L. Babikian Israel E. Lev David Bach Sidney Levitsky Michael Bader Jerrold H. Levy Juan Jose Badimon Martin M. Lewinter Steven R. Bailey Ji Li Alison Baird Qian Hong Li Kenneth Baker Ren-Ke Li Robert Balaban Xia Li Sameer Bansilal James K. Liao Lili A.. Barouch Ronglih Liao Gregory W. Barsness Alice H. Lichtenstein Robyn Barst David S. Liebeskind Philip Barter Chee Lim Matthias Barton Joao A. Lima Jozef Bartunek Marian Limacher Craig Todd Basson Michael A. Lincoff Eric R. Bates cecilia Linde Jeroen Bax Jonathan Lindner Christoph R. Becker Bruce Lindsay Lance Becker Frederick Ling Richard Becker Mark Link Theresa Beckie Harold Litt David Beiser Sheldon Litwin Amber Beitelshees Kiang Liu Romualdo Belardinelli Zhi-ping Liu Souad Belmadani Donald M. Lloyd-Jones David Benditt Thomas Lohmeier Frank Bengel Jamie L. Lohr Emelia Benjamin Nicole Lohr Daniel Bensimhon Dawn Lombardo D Woodrow Benson Barry London Robert Berg Carlin Long Alan Keith Berger Gary. Lopaschuk Wolfgang Bergmeier John J. Lopez Daniel S. Berman Jose Lopez-Sendon Kathy A. Berra Chaim Lotan Jarett D. Berry Pamela Lucchesi Donald M. Bers Jennifer Lucitti Michael Bettmann Russell V. Luepker Deepak Bhakta Xin Ma Deepak Bhatt Michael Mack Giuseppe Bianchi Rachel H. Mackey Andrew Bierhals Nigel Mackman Angelika Bierhaus William R.. MacLellan Yochai Birnbaum Kenneth W. Mahaffey John Bisognano William Mahle John Bittl Ronald V. Maier Vera Bittner Alan S. Maisel Henry Black Amgad N. Makaryus James Blankenship S Christopher Malaisrie Burns Blaxall Marek Malik Kenneth Bloch Ziad Mallat Robert Block Craig Malloy David A. Bluemke Judy Mangion Roger Blumenthal Douglas L. Mann Ben Bobrow Warren Manning John Boehmer Steven Manoukian Eric Boersma Michael S. Marber Bernd Boettiger Francis Marchlinski Rainer. Boger Kenneth Margulies Catherine Boisson Ali J. Marian Steven Bolling Bradley Marino Sebastien Bonnet Cindy M. Martin Munir Boodhwani Thomas Marwick Ebony Bookman Steven O. Marx William B. Borden Frederick A. Masoudi Michael A. Borger Steffen Massberg Karin Bornfeldt Barry Massie Steven Borzak Michael A. Mathier Robert Bourge Khalid Matrougui Scott Bradley Rumiko Matsuoka Kelley Branch Susan Mayer Jerome F. Breen Maritza Mayorga H. Bryan Brewer Manuel Mayr Ralph G. Brindis Pamela McCabe Eliot A. Brinton Patrick M. McCarthy Susan C. Brozena Aileen P. McGinn Charles J. Bruce Darren K. McGuire Benoit Bruneau Sharon McKinley Dirk L. Brutsaert John McMurray Matthew Budoff Elizabeth M. McNally L. Maximilian Buja Colleen McNamara Michael Burch Tim C. McQuinn Gregory L. Burke Calum McRae Lora E. Burke Jean C. McSweeney John C. Burnett Mandeep R. Mehra Mary Susan Burnett Roxana Mehran Alex Bustamante Nehal Mehta Brian Buxton Philippe Menasche Lu Cai Raina Merchant David A. Calhoun Daphne Merkus David Callans John Messenger Clifton W. Callaway Marco Metra James Calvin Joseph Miano David S. Cannom Evangelos D. Michelakis Christopher P. Cannon Jennifer H. Mieres Charles E. Canter William Miles Maurizio Capogrossi Dianna Milewicz Thomas Cappola Alan B. Miller Ronald P. Caputo D. Craig Miller Blase A. Carabello Edgar R. Miller Mercedes Carnethon Fletcher A. Miller Peter Carson John Miller Andrea E. Cassidy-Bushrow Todd D. Miller Tara Catanzano James K. Min Yong-mei Cha Wang Min Alejandro Chade Gary S. Mintz Claudia Chae Sanjay Misra Alan Chait Seema Mital Bernard R. chaitman Judith E. 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Cohen Stefan Neubauer Marc Cohen Robert Neumar Mauricio Cohen Chris Newton-Cheh Michael V. Cohen Graham Nichol Mitchell Cohen Petros Nihoyannopoulos Lola Coke Konstantin Nikolaou Jamie B. Conti John Nixon Joshua M. Cooper Vuyisile T. Nkomo Lawton S. Cooper Koichi Node Leslie Cooper Detlef Obal Ramon Corbalan Edward R. Obrien James Coromilas Erwin Oechslin Marco Costa Richard G. Ohye Tina Costacou Roberta K. Oka Maria Rosa Costanzo Trevor Orchard William G. Cotts Karen Ordovas Dermot Cox Brian O'Rourke Patricia B. Crane David Orsinelli Michael Crow Kinya Otsu Marina Cuchel Catherine M. Otto Jess D. Curb Francis D. Pagani Jeptha Curtis Julio A. Panza Linda K. Curtiss Gilles Paradis Mary Cushman Rahul Parag Donald E. Cutlip Nisha I. Parikh Haim Danenberg Sahil Parikh Werner G. Daniel Michael S. Parmacek Stephen Daniels Sampath Parthasarathy A Danser Rod S. Passman Dipak K. Das Shailesh Patel Mithilesh K. Das Elizabeth Barnett Pathak James Daubert Cam C. Patterson Harold Dauerman Walter Paulsen Alan Daugherty Daniel F. Pauly Sandra Davidge Thomas A. Pearson Charles J. Davidson Patricia A. Pellikka Sean Davidson Michele M. Pelter Martha Daviglus Matthias Peltz Jean Davignon Constantino Pena Victor G. Davila Karsten Peppel Jonathan Davis John R Pepper Michael E. Davis Muthu Periasamy Buddhadeb Dawn Todd S. Perlstein Lemos James de Louis Perrault Tombe Pieter De Karlheinz Peter Barbara J. Deal Anne Peters G William Dec Nancy Petersen Prakash C. Deedwania Pam Peterson Christopher Defilippi Gbaby Kuster Pfister Curt G. DeGroff Otmar Pfister Elisabeth Deindl Ken Philipson Monte Federica del Robert A. Phillips Etienne Delacretaz Robert Piana Mario Delmar Mariann Piano Judy M. Delp Michael H. Picard Pablo Denes Jonathan P. Piccini Margo Denke August Pichard Christophe Depre J Geoffrey Pickering Albert deRoos Luc Pierard Milind Desai Eduardo Pimenta Nimesh D. Desai Ileana L. 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Abbara, Suhny Georgiou, Demetrios naka, yoshifumi Abbott, Brian Gerszten, Robert Nakagawa, Yoshihisa Abbott, Geoffrey . Gewillig, Marc Nakamura, Kazufumi Abe, Jun-ichi Ghali, Jalal K. Nakamura, Yasuyuki Abella, Benjamin S. Ghanayem, Nancy Nakanishi, Toshio Abraham, Theodore Ghanayem, Nancy Nakatani, Toshio Abraham, William T. Ghosh, Shobha Narayan, Sanjiv M. Achenbach, Stephan Giachelli, Cecilia M. Natale, Andrea Acker, Michael A. Gidding, Samuel S. Natarajan, Rama Ackerman, Michael J. Gidding, Samuel S. Nattel, Stanley Adams, M. Jacob Gilchrist, Ian Nazarian, Saman Adams, Ted Giles, Thomas D. Nerbonne, Jeanne Ades, Philip A. Gimple, Lawrence W.. Neubauer, Stefan Adler, Gail K. Gitt, Anselm K. Neumar, Robert Aguirre, Frank Giugliano, Robert P. Newton-Cheh, Christopher Ahmed, Bina Glatter, Kathy Nichol, Graham Aizawa, Yoshifusa Glembotski, Christopher Nichols, Colin G. Aizer, Anthony Glower, Donald D. Nikolaou, Konstantin Akagi, Teiji Gogo, Prospero B. 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Wang, Andrew Eckman, Peter Marwick, Thomas Wang, Tracy Edelson, Dana Marx, Steven O. Wang, Xuejun Efimov, Igor marzilli, mario Wary, Kishore K. Eghbali, Mansoureh . Masoudi, Frederick A. Webster, Keith A. Eghtesady, Pirooz Massberg, Steffen Wehrens, Xander Eguchi, Satoru . Mathier, Michael A. Weihrauch, Dorothee . Eikelboom, John Matsuoka, Rumiko Weinstock, Jon Eisner, David A. Matter, Michelle L. Weintraub, Andrew Eitzman, Daniel Mayer, Susan Weintraub, William Ellenbogen, Kenneth A. Mayr, Manuel Weisel, Richard Ellinor, Patrick T.. McCabe, Pamela Weiss, Robert Emanueli, Costanza McCarthy, Patrick M.. Weissman, Neil J. Endoh, Masao . McCrindle, Brian Weyand, Cornelia Engelhardt, Stefan Mcfalls, Edward O. Whaley-Connell, Adam T. .. Engler, Marguerite M. McGuire, Darren K. Wheatley, Grayson Engler, Mary B. McKinley, Sharon Whellan, David Entman, Mark L. McRae, Calum Wickline, Samuel A. Ernst, Sabine McRae, Calum Wiegers, Susan . Eshtehardi, Parham McSweeney, Jean C.. Wilkins, John T. Evangelista, Lorraine . Mehra, Mandeep R. Wilkins, Martin Everett, Brendan M. Mehta, Nehal Williams, Jan M.. Ewald, Gregg C. Menasche, Philippe Wolin, Michael Ezekowitz, Michael D. Mentzer, Robert Wollert, Kai C. Faber, James E. Merchant, Raina Wong, Nathan D. Fadel, Elie Merkus, Daphne Woo, Mary Farkouh, Michael E. Mertens, Luc Woo, Y Joseph Fay, William P. Messenger, John Wood, Malissa . Fazio, Sergio Metra, Marco Woodard, Pamela Feinberg, Mark Miano, Joseph Wozniak, Marcella A. Feingold, Kenneth Miano, Joseph Wu, Joseph C. Feit, Frederick Michaud, Gregory Wu, Joseph C. Feldman, David Mieres, Jennifer H. Wu, Katherine Felker, Michael Mietus-Snyder, Michele Wu, Sean M. Fifer, Michael A.. Mihaljevic, Tomislav Yan, Chen Filippatos, Gerasimos S. Miles, William Yang, Xiao-Feng Fink, Gregory D. Milewicz, Dianna Yannopoulos, Demetris Fischbach, Peter Miller, D. Craig Yates, Bernice Fischell, Tim Miller, Edgar R. Ye, Lei Fischer, Jens Miller, Fletcher A.. Yehle, Karen S. Fisher, John Miller, John Yin, Liya Fitchett, David Miller, Todd D. Yoshimura, Michihiro Fleg, Jerome Min, James K. Young, James B. Floras, John S. Min, Wang Zahger, Doron Fogel, Mark A. Mintz, Gary S. Zhang, Chunxiang Kevin. Fonarow, Gregg C. Mital, Seema Zhang, David Foody, JoAnne Mital, Seema Zhang, Ge Ford, Charles E.. Mitamura, Hideo . Zhang, Hao Fornage, Myriam Mitchell, Judith E. Zhang, Jianyi Foster, Elyse Mitchell, Judith E. Zhuo, Jia L. Fox, Caroline S. Mittal, Suneet Zile, Michael R. Franklin, Barry Miyazaki, Shunichi Zolty, Ronald Franklin, Stanley S. N. Mizuno, Kyoichi Zou, Ming Freedman, Jane Mohr, Friedrich Zucker, Irving H. Fremes, Stephen Moliterno, David Aboulhosn, Jamil French, John K.. Moon, Marc Getz, Godfrey S. Frisbee, Jefferson Moore, Michael A. Hussain, Mahmood Froelich, James Morady, Fred Jenkins, Louise Fujita, Masatoshi Morillo, Carlos A. Lotan, Chaim Fujita, Toshiro Morrow, David Patel, Shailesh B.. Fukai, Tohru Moser, Martin Raij, Leopoldo Fukuda, Keiichi Moss, Arthur Taylor, David Funk, Marjorie Muehlschlegel, Jochen Wyse, George Gardner, Timothy J. Mukamal, Kenneth J. Ye, Lei Garg, Vidu Mulvagh, Sharon L. Lichtenstein, Alice H. Garovic, Vesna Murali, Srinivas Ailawadi, Gorav Garry, Daniel J. Muraru, Denisa Lev, Israel E. Gary, Rebecca Murphy, Daniel Rimm, Eric Gawaz, Meinrad Murphy, Elizabeth Rohatgi, Anand Gbadebo, David T.. Nachman, Ralph Vulapalli, Raju Geirsson, Arnar Nagueh, Sherif mora-mangano, christina Geocadin, Romergryko Naidu, Srihari Cameron, Duke

Allgemeines Das ist Militärgeschichte! Probleme - Projekte - Perspektiven. Hrsg. mit Unterstützung des MGFA von Christian Th. Müller und Matthias Rogg Dieter Langewiesche Lohn der Gewalt. Beutepraktiken von der Antike bis zur Neuzeit. Hrsg. von Horst Carl und Hans-Jürgen Bömelburg Birte Kundrus Piraterie von der Antike bis zur Gegenwart. Hrsg. von Volker Grieb und Sabine Todt. Unter Mitarb. von Sünje Prühlen Martin Rink Robert C. Doyle, The Enemy in Our Hands. America's Treatment of Enemy Prisoners of War from the Revolution to the War on Terror Rüdiger Overmans Maritime Wirtschaft in Deutschland. Schifffahrt - Werften - Handel - Seemacht im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert. Hrsg. von Jürgen Elvert, Sigurd Hess und Heinrich Walle Dieter Hartwig Guntram Schulze-Wegener, Das Eiserne Kreuz in der deutschen Geschichte Harald Potempa Michael Peters, Geschichte Frankens. Von der Zeit Napoleons bis zur Gegenwart Helmut R. Hammerich Johannes Leicht, Heinrich Claß 1868-1953. 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Der Leuchtenberg-Zyklus und die Napoleonischen Feldzüge 1809 und 1812 Alexander Querengässer Eckart Kleßmann, Die Verlorenen. Die Soldaten in Napoleons Rußlandfeldzug Daniel Furrer, Soldatenleben. Napoleons Russlandfeldzug 1812 Heinz Stübig Hans-Dieter Otto, Für Einigkeit und Recht und Freiheit. Die deutschen Befreiungskriege gegen Napoleon 1806-1815 Heinz Stübig 1871-1918 Des Kaisers Knechte. Erinnerungen an die Rekrutenzeit im k.(u.)k. Heer 1868 bis 1914. Hrsg., bearb. und erl. von Christa Hämmerle Tamara Scheer Kaiser Friedrich III. Tagebücher 1866-1888. Hrsg. und bearb. von Winfried Baumgart Michael Epkenhans Tanja Bührer, Die Kaiserliche Schutztruppe für Deutsch-Ostafrika. Koloniale Sicherheitspolitik und transkulturelle Kriegführung 1885 bis 1918 Thomas Morlang Krisenwahrnehmungen in Deutschland um 1900. Zeitschriften als Foren der Umbruchszeit im wilhelminischen Reich = Perceptions de la crise en Allemagne au début du XXe siècle. Les périodiques et la mutation de la société allemande à l'époque wilhelmienne. Hrsg. von/ed. par Michel Grunewald und/et Uwe Puschner Bruno Thoß Peter Winzen, Im Schatten Wilhelms II. Bülows und Eulenburgs Poker um die Macht im Kaiserreich Michael Epkenhans Alexander Will, Kein Griff nach der Weltmacht. Geheime Dienste und Propaganda im deutsch-österreichisch-türkischen Bündnis 1914-1918 Rolf Steininger Maria Hermes, Krankheit: Krieg. Psychiatrische Deutungen des Ersten Weltkrieges Thomas Beddies Ross J. Wilson, Landscapes of the Western Front. Materiality during the Great War Bernd Jürgen Wendt Jonathan Boff, Winning and Losing on the Western Front. The British Third Army and the Defeat of Germany in 1918 Christian Stachelbeck Glenn E. Torrey, The Romanian Battlefront in World War I Gundula Gahlen Uwe Schulte-Varendorff, Krieg in Kamerun. Die deutsche Kolonie im Ersten Weltkrieg Thomas Morlang 1919-1945 »Und sie werden nicht mehr frei sein ihr ganzes Leben«. Funktion und Stellenwert der NSDAP, ihrer Gliederungen und angeschlossenen Verbände im »Dritten Reich«. Hrsg. von Stephanie Becker und Christoph Studt Armin Nolzen Robert Gerwarth, Reinhard Heydrich. Biographie Martin Moll Christian Adam, Lesen unter Hitler. Autoren, Bestseller, Leser im Dritten Reich Gabriele Bosch Alexander Vatlin, »Was für ein Teufelspack«. Die Deutsche Operation des NKWD in Moskau und im Moskauer Gebiet 1936 bis 1941 Helmut Müller-Enbergs Rolf-Dieter Müller, Hitlers Wehrmacht 1935 bis 1945 Armin Nolzen Felix Römer, Kameraden. Die Wehrmacht von innen Martin Moll Johann Christoph Allmayer-Beck, »Herr Oberleitnant, det lohnt doch nicht!« Kriegserinnerungen an die Jahre 1938 bis 1945 Othmar Hackl Stuart D. Goldman, Nomonhan, 1939. The Red Army's Victory that shaped World War II Gerhard Krebs Francis M. Carroll, Athenia torpedoed. The U-boat attack that ignited the Battle of the Atlantic Axel Niestlé Robin Higham, Unflinching zeal. 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Deutungen und Interpretationen deutscher Wehrmachtgeneräle in britischer Kriegsgefangenschaft Alaric Searle Nach 1945 Wolfgang Benz, Deutschland unter alliierter Besatzung 1945-1949. Michael F. Scholz, Die DDR 1949-1990 Denis Strohmeier Bastiaan Robert von Benda-Beckmann, A German Catastrophe? German historians and the Allied bombings, 1945-2010 Horst Boog Hans Günter Hockerts, Der deutsche Sozialstaat. Entfaltung und Gefährdung seit 1945 Ursula Hüllbüsch Korea - ein vergessener Krieg? Der militärische Konflikt auf der koreanischen Halbinsel 1950-1953 im internationalen Kontext. Hrsg. von Bernd Bonwetsch und Matthias Uhl Gerhard Krebs Andreas Eichmüller, Keine Generalamnestie. Die strafrechtliche Verfolgung von NS-Verbrechen in der frühen Bundesrepublik Clemens Vollnhals Horst-Eberhard Friedrichs, Bremerhaven und die Amerikaner. Stationierung der U.S. Army 1945-1993 - eine Bilddokumentation Heiner Bröckermann Russlandheimkehrer. Die sowjetische Kriegsgefangenschaft im Gedächtnis der Deutschen. Hrsg. von Elke Scherstjanoi Georg Wurzer Klaus Naumann, Generale in der Demokratie. Generationsgeschichtliche Studien zur Bundeswehrelite Rudolf J. Schlaffer John Zimmermann, Ulrich de Maizière. General der Bonner Republik 1912 bis 2006 Klaus Naumann Nils Aschenbeck, Agent wider Willen. Frank Lynder, Axel Springer und die Eichmann-Akten Rolf Steininger »Entrüstet Euch!«. Nuklearkrise, NATO-Doppelbeschluss und Friedensbewegung. Hrsg. von Christoph Becker-Schaum [u.a.] Winfried Heinemann Volker Koop, Besetzt. Sowjetische Besatzungspolitik in Deutschland Silke Satjukow, Besatzer. »Die Russen« in Deutschland 1945-1994 Heiner Bröckermann Marco Metzler, Nationale Volksarmee. Militärpolitik und politisches Militär in sozialistischer Verteidigungskoalition 1955/56 bis 1989/90 Klaus Storkmann Rüdiger Wenzke, Ab nach Schwedt! Die Geschichte des DDR-Militärstrafvollzugs Silke Satjukow Militärs der DDR im Auslandsstudium. 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Background:Remission is the stated goal for both patient and care-giver (1), but consensus on a definition of remission has been lacking. Previously, an international task force consisting of patient representatives and medical specialists published a frame-work for such a definition (2), but without making a final recommendation.Objectives:To achieve consensus around a definition of remission in SLE (DORIS).Methods:The DORIS task force met annually from 2015 to 2020 and consisted of patient representatives and specialists in rheumatology, nephrology, dermatology, and clinical immunology. Systemic literature reviews of several key topics were done and specific research questions were examined in suitably chosen datasets. The findings were discussed, reformulated as recommendations, and voted upon. Level of evidence (LoE), strength of recommendation (SoR), and agreement were determined in standard fashion. The final recommendation for the DORIS definition of remission was established by electronic vote after finalization of the minutes of the most recent task force meeting.Results:Based on data from the literature and from several SLE-specific data sets, five key recommendations were endorsed (Table 1) that should be seen as additions to those published previously (2). Literature reviews identified strong support for the face-, content-, construct- and criterion validity of the definition based on the clinical SLEDAI (not including anti-DNA and complement) equal to zero plus low physician global assessment and allowing stable medical treatment. Thus, the DORIS Task Force recommended a single definition of remission in SLE, based on clinical SLEDAI = 0, evaluator's global assessment <0.5 (0-3), prednisone 5 mg/day or less, and stable antimalarials, immunosuppressives and biologics.Table 1.Vote in favorLoESoRAgreement1.Inclusion of serology [anti-DNA, complement] in the DORIS definition of remission-on-treatment does not meaningfully alter the construct validity and therefore it is not recommended to include it90%2aB8.382.While the goal of treatment is sustained remission, a definition of remission should be able to be met at any point in time; therefore, duration should not be included in the definition100%5C9.023.To date, the SLEDAI-based definitions of remission have formally been investigated more extensively than BILAG-or ECLAM-based definitions. The SLEDAI-based definitions can therefore more confidently be recommended91%2aB9.254.Remission off treatment, while the ultimate goal for many patients and providers, is achieved very rarely. In clinical research and as an outcome in clinical trials, the definition for remission-on-treatment is recommended92%2aB9.525.In clinical trials, the LLDAS definition for low disease activity and the DORIS definition of remission are both recommended as outcomes100%5C9.25The 2021 DORIS definition of remission in SLE:Conclusion:The 2021 DORIS definition of remission in SLE was established. It is recommended for use as an aspirational treatment target in clinical care, a clear concept in education, and a key outcome in research including clinical trials and observational studies.References:[1]van Vollenhoven RF, Mosca M, Bertsias G, et al. Treat-to-target in systemic lupus erythematosus: recommendations from an international task force. Ann Rheum Dis 2014;73:958-67.[2]van Vollenhoven R, Voskuyl A, Bertsias G, et al. A framework for remission in SLE: consensus findings from a large international task force on definitions of remission in SLE (DORIS). Ann Rheum Dis 2016.Disclosure of Interests:Ronald van Vollenhoven Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Galapagos, GSK, Janssen, Pfizer, UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Biogen, Biotest, Celgene, Galapagos, Gilead, Janssen, Pfizer, Sanofi, Servier, UCB, Vielabo, Grant/research support from: BMS, GSK, Lilly, UCB, George Bertsias: None declared, Andrea Doria: None declared, David Isenberg: None declared, Eric F. Morand: None declared, Michelle A Petri: None declared, Bernardo Pons-Estel Consultant of: GSK, Janssen, Anisur Rahman: None declared, Manuel Ugarte-Gil Grant/research support from: Janssen, Pfizer, Alexandre Voskuyl: None declared, Laurent Arnaud Consultant of: Alexion, Amgen, Astra-Zeneca, BMS, GSK, Janssen-Cilag, LFB, Lilly, Menarini France, Medac, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche-Chugaï, UCB., Ian N. Bruce: None declared, Ricard Cervera Consultant of: GSK, Alexion, Eli Lilly, Astra Zeneca, Termo-Fisher, Rubió, Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau: None declared, Caroline Gordon Speakers bureau: UCB, Consultant of: Center for Disease Control, Astra-Zeneca, MGP, Sanofi, UCB, Frederic Houssiau: None declared, Marta Mosca: None declared, Matthias Schneider: None declared, Michael Ward: None declared, Cynthia Aranow: None declared.