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Journal articles on the topic 'Free African Americans in fiction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 July 2025

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1

Anita S., Dr Arockia Anto. "Slavery to Liberty: A Heroic Journey of a Marginal Black Woman in Toni Morrison’s Beloved." International Journal of English and Studies 07, no. 04 (2025): 146–51. https://doi.org/10.47311/ijoes.2025.7.04.151.

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African-American Literature intersects in its portrayal of the subverted marginal through Literature. It has received universal acknowledgement since the works of both the men and women writers attempt to show the poignant struggles undergone by the African Americans, not for money or power but for asserting or claiming their basic human right of parity and liberty. But men writers have failed to witness the sufferings of women in the enslaved community. Women are given much importance in the literary arena of African- American women as they are the most affected group and the jeopardy of the

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2

Budick, Emily Miller. "Some Thoughts on the Mutual Displacements/Appropriations/Accommodations of Culture in Several Fictions by Toni Morrison, Cynthia Ozick, and Grace Paley." Prospects 20 (October 1995): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300006128.

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InPlaying in the Dark, Toni Morrison sets out to chart a new “geography” in literary criticism, to provide a “map” for locating what she calls the “Africanist” presence in the American literary tradition. The assumption of Americanist critics, she argues, has been that “traditional, canonical American literature is free of, uninformed, and unshaped by the fourhundred-year-old presence of, first, Africans and then, African Americans in the United States. It assumes that this presence — which shaped the body politic, the Constitution, and the entire history of the culture — has had no significan

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3

J. M. Samarrai, Ghanim. "Bombingham: Anthony Grooms's Contribution to Constructing Control over Black Representations in Contemporary American Literature." International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 10, no. 1 (2009): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.10.1.5.

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Some Critics complain that American literature has done a poor job of accurately depicting blacks and that an authentic portrait presenting the black man as a free American citizen has not yet been painted. In the main, these complaints draw upon the notion that early and modern American fiction confined the images of African Americans to stereotypically limited depictions, exemplified as primitive characters that needed the protection of the 'benevolent' whites they served. Black authors had found that obtaining access to correct narrativerepresentation was not simple: to turn the field into

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Elliott, Zetta. "The Trouble with Magic: Conjuring the Past in New York City Parks." Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 5, no. 2 (2013): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jeunesse.5.2.17.

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New York City parks serve as magical sites of discovery and recovery in speculative fiction for young readers, which has gone through a process of modernization, shifting from “universal” and “generic” narratives with repetitive features (derived from Western European folklore) to a sort of “specialization” that emphasizes the particular cultural practices and histories of racially diverse urban populations. Ruth Chew uses city spaces like the Brooklyn Botanic Garden and Prospect Park to engage young readers in the magical adventures of white, middle-class children. Zetta Elliott’s African Ame

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Corey, Jean T. "“Motherwork”." Postscripts: The Journal of Sacred Texts, Cultural Histories, and Contemporary Contexts 5, no. 2 (2011): 205–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/post.v5i2.205.

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Born in 1825, a free African American in Baltimore, Maryland, author Frances Ellen Watkins Harper devoted her life to the struggle for freedom. An abolitionist, and suffragist, the Bible figured prominently in Harper’s poetry, fiction, essays, and speeches. This essay considers how Harper’s poetry particularly challenged her nineteenth century reader to engage in more meaningful biblical interpretive strategies. Anticipating twentieth century Womanist interpretations, Harper disrupts and revises interpretive strategies that had been used to read against the biblical narrative’s message of libe

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Herbert, Eti Best, and Fasilat Abimbola Olalere. "What Is Economic Globalization Without Trans-boundary Migration?" Global Trade and Customs Journal 15, Issue 10 (2020): 493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2020088.

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The world is often regarded as a global village or borderless globe where various countries freely interconnect and interrelate towards achieving a global goal. Globalization has occasioned international cooperation amongst States through the formation of several treaties and international organizations with economic objectives. This article evaluates the law and attitude of States and International organizations towards economically motivated trans-boundary migration. Particular reference is made to World Trade Organization(WTO), European Union(EU), African Union (AU), Economic Community of W

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Zubov, Artem A. "Mutual Adaptation as a Guarantee of the Future: Octavia Butler’s Works." Literature of the Americas, no. 13 (2022): 295–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2022-13-295-313.

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The article investigates works by Octavia E. Butler (1947 –2006), an African-American writer who had a significant impact on the development of science fiction in the USA and the world. The paper provides an overview of Butler’s works and reveals the relationship between the problems and language / style of her prose, the latter being determined by the former. The first part of the paper examines the main topics of Butler’s works and focuses on the problem of survival. Being a disappearing minority, Butler’s heroines are usually isolated from others and, consequently, in order to survive they

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Broyld, Dann J. "The Underground Railroad As Afrofuturism: Enslaved Blacks Who Imagined A Future And Used Technology To Reach The “Outer Spaces of Slavery”." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 6, no. 3 (2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/301.

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This article employs the lens of Afrofuturism to address the Underground Railroad, detailing what imagination, tact, and technology, it took for fugitive Blacks to flee to the “outer spaces of slavery.” Black enslavement was as terrifying as any exotic fictional tale, but it happened to real humans alienated in the “peculiar institution.” Escaping slavery brought dreams to life, and at times must have felt like “magical realism,” or an out-of-body experience, and the American North, Canada, Mexico, Africa, Europe, and free Caribbean islands were otherworldly and science fiction-like, in contra

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LEE, KUN JONG. "Towards Interracial Understanding and Identification: Spike Lee's Do the Right Thing and Chang-rae Lee's Native Speaker." Journal of American Studies 44, no. 4 (2010): 741–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875810000022.

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African Americans and Korean Americans have addressed Black–Korean encounters and responded to each other predominantly in their favorite genres: in films and rap music for African Americans and in novels and poems for Korean Americans. A case in point is the intertextuality between Spike Lee's Do the Right Thing and Chang-rae Lee's Native Speaker. A comparative study of the two demonstrates that they are seminal texts of African American–Korean American dialogue and discourse for mutual understanding and harmonious relationships between the two races in the USA. This paper reads the African A

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Kumar, Fayaz Ahmad, and Colette Morrow. "Theorizing Black Power Movement in African American Literature: An Analysis of Morrison's Fiction." Global Language Review V, no. IV (2020): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2020(v-iv).06.

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This paper analyzes the influence of the Black Power movement on the AfricanAmerican literary productions; especially in the fictional works of Toni Morrison. As an African-American author, Toni Morrison presents the idea of 'Africanness' in her novels. Morrison's fiction comments on the fluid bond amongst the African-American community, the Black Power and Black Aesthetics. The works of Morrison focus on various critical points in the history of African-Americans, her fiction recalls not only the memory of Africa but also contemplates the contemporary issues. Morrison situates the power polit

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Adamik, Verena. "Making worlds from literature: W.E.B. Du Bois’s The Quest of the Silver Fleece and Dark Princess." Thesis Eleven 162, no. 1 (2021): 105–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513621993308.

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While W.E.B. Du Bois’s first novel, The Quest of the Silver Fleece (1911), is set squarely in the USA, his second work of fiction, Dark Princess: A Romance (1928), abandons this national framework, depicting the treatment of African Americans in the USA as embedded into an international system of economic exploitation based on racial categories. Ultimately, the political visions offered in the novels differ starkly, but both employ a Western literary canon – so-called ‘classics’ from Greek, German, English, French, and US American literature. With this, Du Bois attempts to create a new space f

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Carpenter, William H., Tekum Fonong, Michael J. Toth, et al. "Total daily energy expenditure in free-living older African-Americans and Caucasians." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 274, no. 1 (1998): E96—E101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1998.274.1.e96.

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Low rates of daily energy expenditure, increased energy intake, or a combination of both contribute to obesity in African-Americans. We examined whether African-Americans have lower rates of free-living daily energy expenditure than Caucasians. One hundred sixty-four (>55 yr) volunteers (37 African-American women, 52 Caucasian women, 28 African-American men, and 47 Caucasian men) were characterized for total daily energy expenditure, resting metabolic rate, and physical activity energy expenditure from the doubly labeled water method and indirect calorimetry. Absolute total daily energy exp

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Subhendu Biswas. "Socio-Cultural Interaction(s) and Its Channel towards ‘Race Memory’ through Disruption of Ethics and Society Or Horkheimer, Foucault and Habermas in Saving/s?: A Critical Acumen through Select American Young Adult Fiction." Creative Launcher 10, no. 2 (2025): 84–92. https://doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2025.10.2.10.

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African-American History is a history of continuous struggle and strife as its witnessing of more negative incidents rather than positive ones beginning with the Atlantic Slave Trade and gradually towards Jim Crow Laws, lynching and racial violence, Plessy v. Ferguson, unnecessary murders of the African-Americans; to name a few. These negative incidents have made generations of the African-Americans as victims of a traumatized ‘Race Memory’ which haunt them all the while which can be explained through Avery Gordon’s ‘Haunting and Memory’ theory. However, in this case counter narrative strategi

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Wierenga, Kelly L., Rebecca L. Dekker, Terry A. Lennie, Misook L. Chung, and Kathleen Dracup. "African American Race Is Associated With Poorer Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients." Western Journal of Nursing Research 39, no. 4 (2016): 524–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193945916661277.

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Health care disparities associated with African American race may influence event-free survival in patients with heart failure (HF). A secondary data analysis included 863 outpatients enrolled in a multicenter HF registry. Cox regression was used to determine whether African American race was associated with shorter HF event-free survival after controlling for covariates. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals [CI]) of older age (1.03, 95% CI = [1.01, 1.04]), New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (1.73, 95% CI = [1.29, 2.31]), depressive symptoms (1.05,

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Eastman, Charmane I., Thomas A. Molina, Marissa E. Dziepak, and Mark R. Smith. "Blacks (African Americans) Have Shorter Free-Running Circadian Periods Than Whites (Caucasian Americans)." Chronobiology International 29, no. 8 (2012): 1072–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2012.700670.

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16

Lehofer, Morgan. "“Intellectual Evasion” or “The Spirit of Tragedy”?: Re-thinking Race in Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises." Hemingway Review 43, no. 1 (2023): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hem.2023.a913497.

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Abstract: In his 1946 essay “Twentieth-Century Fiction and the Black Mask of Humanity,” Ralph Ellison accuses Hemingway of “intellectual evasion” on the topic of race, claiming that Hemingway affirms the position of the white American by either misrepresenting African Americans in his fiction, or by excluding them entirely. This paper expands upon readings of The Sun Also Rises to illuminate moments of racial acknowledgment, particularly where they converge with themes of sexuality. In doing so, I aim to bring to light race as a noteworthy and nuanced theme in a text that otherwise feels merel

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17

Roth, Sarah N. "The Mind of a Child: Images of African Americans in Early Juvenile Fiction." Journal of the Early Republic 25, no. 1 (2005): 79–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jer.2005.0021.

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18

Gibson, James L. "Being Free in Obama's America: Racial Differences in Perceptions of Constraints on Political Action." Daedalus 141, no. 4 (2012): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00177.

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Many studies of interracial differences in rates of political participation pay too little attention to African Americans' perceptions of whether they can freely participate in politics. Survey evidence collected over the last several decades has consistently shown that black Americans perceive much less political freedom available to them than do white Americans. The gap in perceived freedom has narrowed somewhat in recent years but remains large. Following the empowerment hypothesis of Lawrence Bobo and Franklin Gilliam, black perceptions of freedom increased with the election of Barack Obam

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19

Siham Hattab Hamdan, Asst Prof, and Researcher Mohammed Qassim Hamid. "Representations of Racism in Children of Blood and Bone by Tomi Adeyemi." لارك 2, no. 50 (2023): 769–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/lark.vol2.iss50.3191.

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This paper explores different aspects of racism within the context of the novel Children of Blood and Bone (2018) by Tomi Adeyemi, utilizing Critical Race Theory or CRT as an analytical tool. The novel is written within the genre of Young Adult Fiction which tackles the problems of young adults. Although the events of the novel take place in a fantastical setting, they capture reality and depict the lives of black African Americans. Black African Americans in the novel are represented by the oppressed minority who are the diviners. Critical Race Theory recognizes that the legacy of slavery and

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20

Wu, Jia-Rong, Eun Kyeung Song, Debra K. Moser, and Terry A. Lennie. "Racial differences in dietary antioxidant intake and cardiac event-free survival in patients with heart failure." European Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing 17, no. 4 (2018): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474515118755720.

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Background: Heart failure is a chronic, burdensome condition with higher re-hospitalization rates in African Americans than Whites. Higher dietary antioxidant intake is associated with lower oxidative stress and improved endothelial function. Lower dietary antioxidant intake in African Americans may play a role in the re-hospitalization disparity between African American and White patients with heart failure. Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the associations among race, dietary antioxidant intake, and cardiac event-free survival in patients with heart failure. Methods: In

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Underwood, Willie, John Wei, Mark A. Rubin, James E. Montie, Jennifer Resh, and Martin G. Sanda. "Postprostatectomy cancer-free survival of African Americans is similar to non-African Americans after adjustment for baseline cancer severity." Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 22, no. 1 (2004): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1078-1439(03)00119-4.

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22

Gföllner, Barbara. "'The World Called Him a Thug'." JAAAS: Journal of the Austrian Association for American Studies 2, no. 1 (2020): 7–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47060/jaaas.v2i1.23.

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Widespread police violence, often targeted at black people, has increasingly entered public debates in recent years. Inspired by the Black Lives Matter movement, various African American young adult novelists have addressed the topic of police brutality and offer counternarratives to the stories about black victims disseminated in the media. This article illustrates how prevalent debates of Black Lives Matter are reflected in contemporary young adult fiction. To this end, the first part elucidates substantial issues that have led to the precarious position of African Americans today and to the

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Mackey, T. C. ""That All Mankind Should Be Free": Lincoln and African Americans." OAH Magazine of History 21, no. 4 (2007): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/maghis/21.4.24.

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Peters, T. Ralph. "Finklebine, Sources Of The African-American Past - Primary Sources In American History; Thomas, Ed., Plessy C. Ferguson - A Bried History With Documents." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 23, no. 2 (1998): 98–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.23.1.98-100.

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Two new works document the history of African-American struggle for equal rights in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Finklebine's work, Sources of the African-American Past: Primary Sources in American History, is a welcome addition to the primary source literature on the perpuity of, and challenges to, the social positions African Americans inhabited from the slave trade through recent times. Organized chronologically along topical lines, the book covers the slave trade, the colonial experience, the Revolution, free blacks, slavery, black abolitionism, emancipation, Reconstruction, seg

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Armstrong, Thomas. "Wright, African Americans in the Colonial Era." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 16, no. 1 (1991): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.16.1.50-51.

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Historians familiar with the Harlan Davidson American History Series have come to expect succinct summary statements and strong bibliographic essays. Donald Wright's book will thus be a welcome addition to the series. The series' editors identified a gap in the survey literature on African-American history. Colonial America has simply not been addressed in a meaningful fashion. The monographic literature is often too widely scattered to be of much value to the undergraduate reader, and when the subject of slavery is broached, it has all too often been the slavery of the cotton belt between 183

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Redmond, Lesa. "John Witherspoon and Slavery: Ideology versus Praxis." Theology Today 80, no. 4 (2024): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00405736231207552.

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This article reassesses the life and legacy of John Knox Witherspoon on the basis of his relationship to slavery. It argues that Witherspoon's ideological commitment to Presbyterianism came into constant tension with the realities of slavery both in his native Scotland and in the burgeoning American colony he eventually called home. Three snapshots in Witherspoon's life encapsulate this tension: his interaction with Jamie Montgomery, an enslaved man whom Witherspoon baptized in Scotland; his contributions to the scheme to train two free African Americans—John Quamine and Bristol Yamma—for thei

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Jones, Daniel W., Lloyd E. Chambless, Aaron R. Folsom, et al. "CHD Risk Factors In African-Americans." Circulation 103, suppl_1 (2001): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/circ.103.suppl_1.9999-17.

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0017 Few studies have reported the incidence of coronary heart disease and its relationship to risk factors in African-Americans. As part of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, baseline risk factors were tested as predictors of incident coronary heart disease over 7-10 years of follow-up, 1987-1997, in four U.S. communities (Forsyth County, North Carolina; Jackson, Mississippi; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Washington County, Maryland). The sample included 14,026 men and women (2,298 black women [BW]; 5,686 white women [WW]; 1,396 black men [BM]; and 4,682 white men [WM] aged 45-64 wh

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Bodenhorn, Howard. "The Mulatto Advantage: The Biological Consequences of Complexion in Rural Antebellum Virginia." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 33, no. 1 (2002): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/00221950260029002.

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Although historians have long noted that African-Americans of mixed-race in the antebellum Lower South were given economic and social preference over those with darker skin, they have denied that people of mixed race received special treatment in the antebellum Upper South as well. Examination of data on the registrations of free African-Americans in antebellum Virginia, however, reveals that adolescents and adults with lighter complexions tended to have a height advantage, which suggests that they enjoyed better nutrition.

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Eatough, Matthew. "African Science Fiction and the Planning Imagination." Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 4, no. 2 (2017): 237–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pli.2017.15.

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AbstractThis essay examines the recent rise in popularity of science fiction in Africa. I argue that this growth can be traced to key shifts within the logic of structural adjustment programs. Over the last twenty years, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have begun to place a heightened emphasis on “poverty reduction strategies” (or PRSs). These PRSs have taken the two organizations’ longstanding commitment to free-market policies and adapted them to the rhetoric of social and economic justice by suggesting that “sustainable” welfare programs can only be constructed thro

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Khaled, Yasser, Ginny Kamboj, Vijaya Donthireddy, et al. "Outcome of Upfront Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma in African American Versus Non Non-African American Patients." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 5481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.5481.5481.

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Abstract Introduction: Blacks in the United States are twice as likely to suffer from multiple myeloma as whites. Among African Americans, myeloma is one of the top 10 leading causes of cancer death. Although Multiple Myeloma seems to be more aggressive in African Americans, it is not known if they have worse outcome after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in comparison to Non African American. Method: We performed a retrospective analysis of 86 consecutive patients with Multiple Myeloma who underwent autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation between July 1991 a

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Yao, Tingting, Michael K. Ong, Wendy Max, et al. "Responsiveness to cigarette prices by different racial/ethnic groups of US adults." Tobacco Control 27, no. 3 (2017): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053434.

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ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of cigarette prices on adult smoking for four US racial/ethnic groups: whites, African–Americans, Asians and Hispanics.MethodsWe analysed pooled cross-sectional data from the 2006/2007 and 2010/2011 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey (n=339 921 adults aged 18+) and cigarette price data from the Tax Burden on Tobacco. Using a two-part econometric model of cigarette demand that controlled for sociodemographic characteristics, state-level antismoking sentiment, local-level smoke-free air laws and monthly indicator, we estimated for each racial/

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Erigha, Maryann. "Do African Americans Direct Science Fiction or Blockbuster Franchise Movies? Race, Genre, and Contemporary Hollywood." Journal of Black Studies 47, no. 6 (2016): 550–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021934716653348.

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Ahmed, Sairah, Yvonne T. Dinh, Sofia Qureshi, et al. "Survival Disparities Between African-American and Caucasian Patients Treated with Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation for Multiple Myeloma Are Eliminated in the Era of Novel Therapeutics." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2017.2017.

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Abstract Abstract 2017 Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease and is the most common hematologic malignancy among African-Americans. In the United States, MM and its precursor monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) are twice as common in African Americans (Hari et al 2010). Analysis of the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database from 1969 to 2003 demonstrated African-Americans have twice the mortality from MM compared to Caucasians. However this may be a function of the considerable difference in incidence of MM between Caucasian and

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Steinskog, Erik. "Fremmede her på jorden - Afrofuturistiske spekulationer." K&K - Kultur og Klasse 43, no. 119 (2015): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v43i119.22249.

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The last couple of decades have seen an increase in research and artistic practices around afrofuturism. Taking the cue from Mark Dery’s article “Black to the Future,” where he coins the term, the article points to different aspects of afrofuturism. The music and philosophy of Sun Ra is an important point of departure, having ancient Egypt and a future outer space as orientation. At the same time there are, as Dery makes clear, other dimensions at stake. Following Dery’s argument that African Americans and other Afrodiasporic citizens in a specific sense are descendent from alien abductees, th

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Salam, Alali. "Multiple Ambivalent Feminine Spaces in Zora Neale Hurston’s Feminine Characters." International Journal of Social Science Research and Review 6, no. 4 (2023): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.47814/ijssrr.v6i4.1177.

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This paper focuses on Zora Neale Hurston’s exploration of feminine space and the way she viewed the African Americans in a very fragmentary way borrowing from the post- colonial theory Homi Bhabha’s concept of “third space” and from Stuart Hall’s concept of “becoming” and “positionality.” It also explores the concept of space in selected novels by Hurston, using Edward W. Soja’s and Henry Lefebvre’s idea about the multiplicity and hybridity of third space in favor of negating the plurality of space, taking it at the end to apply on gender in her chosen fiction.

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Diemer, Andrew. "Introduction: Varieties of Free-State Slavery." Journal of the Early Republic 45, no. 2 (2025): 151–62. https://doi.org/10.1353/jer.2025.a963422.

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Abstract: Long after the states of the North came to think of themselves as “free,” forms of enslavement persisted. “Free state slavery” continued to hold Black Northerners in bondage, sometimes using the laws of ostensibly free states, or of the federal government, and sometimes operating outside the law. This slavery was always contested, however, most often by African Americans themselves, but also with the help of white allies.

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Shrotriya, Shiva, Bipin Ghimire, Ujjwal Karki, et al. "Evaluating disparities in pancreatic cancer outcomes in African Americans." Journal of Clinical Oncology 41, no. 16_suppl (2023): e18657-e18657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2023.41.16_suppl.e18657.

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e18657 Background: Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (PA) is a leading cause of cancer-related death across the world, with poorer outcomes observed in minority populations. The observed variation in outcomes has been attributed to delayed diagnosis, barriers to optimal treatment and health care related disparities. We sought to evaluate the impact of race on clinical presentation and outcomes in pancreatic cancer at a large academic teaching center. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed between January 2016 to December 2021. The demographic

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Jin, Xi, Zhonghui Wang, and Mark Loftin. "Assessment and Prediction of Energy Expenditure: One-Mile Walks and Runs Among African American." European Journal of Sport Sciences 3, no. 1 (2024): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejsport.2024.3.1.114.

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Among ethnicities, African Americans exhibit the highest prevalence of obesity. A more comprehensive grasp of energy expenditure while walking and running can be instrumental in managing and averting obesity. Regrettably, there is a scarcity of research dedicated to scrutinizing energy expenditure in African Americans during walking and running. Consequently, the primary objective of this study was to contrast energy expenditure disparities during a one-mile walk and run between African Americans of normal-weight and those classified as overweight. Additionally, the secondary aim was to formul

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Caldwell, Trivius Gerard. "Jazzthetic Technique: Oralizing Fiction and Jazz Strategies in Toni Morrison’s Jazz." Humanities 12, no. 4 (2023): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h12040079.

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Toni Morrison represents the improvisations of life in the 1920s and posits her novel Jazz as a work that negotiates sound as a distinguishing characteristic of her writing genre. Many critics have described Morrison’s approach as a Jazzthetic strategy and as such, her rhetorical move enables a renovation of traditional aspects of the novel to render life as complex as a jazz composition itself. This article analyzes Morison’s methods and posits the use of jazz strategies to mimic the displacement, fragmentation, and strife experienced by African Americans during the Great Migration. This essa

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Dworkin, Ira. "Radwa Ashour, African American Criticism, and the Production of Modern Arabic Literature." Cambridge Journal of Postcolonial Literary Inquiry 5, no. 1 (2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pli.2017.44.

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In 1973, at the suggestion of her mentor Shirley Graham Du Bois, the Egyptian scholar, activist, teacher, and novelist Radwa Ashour enrolled at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, to study African American literature and culture. Ashour’s 1975 dissertation “The Search for a Black Poetics: A Study of Afro-American Critical Writings,” along with her 1983 autobiography,Al-Rihla: Ayyam taliba misriyya fi amrika[The Journey: An Egyptian Woman Student’s Memoirs in America], specifically engage with debates that emerged at the First International Congress of Negro Writers and Artists in Septemb

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Laanes, Eneken. "Heritage Communities and Human Rights: A Case Study from Catoctin Furnace, Maryland." Nordic Journal of Human Rights 41, no. 1 (2022): 87–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/18918131.2022.2151736.

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The village of Catoctin Furnace, located in rural Maryland, in the United States, houses an early iron furnace site. Operational by 1776, its workforce in the early years was almost entirely enslaved African and African American people. A local non-profit, the Catoctin Furnace Historical Society, Inc. (CFHS), on the board of which one of the authors serves, has made the search for a descendant community of these enslaved and freed Black workers a principal focus, while also preserving the heritage of European labourers and trying to foster economic and cultural activity in the village. So far,

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Lujan, Heidi L., and Stephen E. DiCarlo. "First African-American to hold a medical degree: brief history of James McCune Smith, abolitionist, educator, and physician." Advances in Physiology Education 43, no. 2 (2019): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00119.2018.

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Dr. James McCune Smith, the first African-American to obtain a medical degree, has a remarkable legacy of historical proportions, yet his immense impact on society remains relatively unknown. He may be most celebrated for his effectiveness in abolitionist politics, however, his pioneering influence in medicine is equally remarkable. As examples, McCune Smith pioneered the use of medically based statistics to challenge the notion of African-American racial inferiority. He scientifically challenged the racial theories promoted in Thomas Jefferson’s Notes on the State of Virginia (Jefferson T., 1

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Mangione, Kathleen Kline, Rebecca L. Craik, Alyson A. McCormick, et al. "Detectable Changes in Physical Performance Measures in Elderly African Americans." Physical Therapy 90, no. 6 (2010): 921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090363.

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Background African American older adults have higher rates of self-reported disability and lower physical performance scores compared with white older adults. Measures of physical performance are used to predict future morbidity and to determine the effect of exercise. Characteristics of performance measures are not known for African American older adults. Objective The purpose of this study was to estimate the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimal detectable change (MDC) for the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Timed “Up & Go” Test (TUG) time, free gait speed, fast gai

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Shrotriya, Shiva, Bipin Ghimire, Ujjwal Karki, et al. "Assessing disparities in pancreatic cancer outcomes in African Americans." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 3_suppl (2024): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.3_suppl.612.

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612 Background: Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (PA) is a leading cause of cancer-related death across the world, with poorer outcomes noted in minority populations. The observed variation in outcomes has been attributed to delayed diagnosis, barriers to optimal treatment and health care related disparities. We evaluated the impact of race on clinical presentation and outcomes in pancreatic cancer at a large academic teaching center. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed between January 2016 to December 2021. The demographic characteristics

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Chakravarty, Prerana. "Dangerous Femininity: Looking into the Portrayal of Daphne Monet as a Femme Fatale in Walter Mosley’s Devil in a Blue Dress." IAFOR Journal of Arts & Humanities 9, no. 1 (2022): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ijah.9.1.05.

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The phrase “femme fatale” is a well-known figure in the literary and cultural representations of women. Associated with evil temptation, the femme fatale is an iconic figure that has been appropriated into folklore, literature, and mythology. In the twentieth century, the figure finds space in literary and cinematic endeavours, particularly in crime fiction and noir thrillers. The progenitors of the hard-boiled genre of detective fiction popularised the figure of a sexually seductive and promiscuous woman who betrays men for material gain. Walter Mosley, an African American detective fiction w

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Harris, John Rogers. "White People Do Not Know How to Behave at Entertainments Designed for Ladies and Gentlemen of Colour: William Brown's African and African American Theater. By Marvin McAllister. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003; pp. 256. $18.95 paper." Theatre Survey 46, no. 1 (2005): 130–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0040557405230090.

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An unruly audience, comprising mostly working-class whites, attended a performance of William Shakespeare's Othello by the African Theatre on 10 August 1822. Instead of enjoying a thoughtful interpretation of Shakespeare, the crowd attacked the performers, stripping them of their clothing and dignity. The causes of riots included a growing presence of free blacks in public spaces, political debates surrounding franchise rights of propertied blacks, and the increasing social interactions between black and poor European Americans. The production of Othello was evidence of the African American co

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Alang, Sirry. "Contrasting depression among African Americans and major depressive disorder in the DSM-V." Journal of Public Mental Health 17, no. 1 (2018): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-12-2016-0061.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify symptoms that constitute a shared cultural model of depression among African Americans and to compare these accounts with criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) in the 5th edition of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of mental disorders (DSM-V). Design/methodology/approach Data were collected in a disproportionately Black urban neighborhood in the USA and analyzed using cultural consensus analysis (CCA). In total, 34 African Americans participated in a free-listing exercise to elicit common indicators of depression in the same community. A

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Stulov, Yuri. "The Cityscape in the Contemporary African-American Urban Novel." Respectus Philologicus 24, no. 29 (2013): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2013.24.29.5.

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This paper discusses the cityscape as an essential element of African American fiction. Since the time of Romanticism, the city has been regarded as the embodiment of evil forces which are alien to human nature and radiate fear and death. For decades, African-Americans have been isolated in the black ghettos of major American cities which were in many ways responsible for their personal growth or their failure. Often this failure is determined by their inability to find their bearings in a strange and alien world, which the city symbolizes. The world beyond the black ghetto is shown as brutal

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Selassie I, W. Gabriel. "“The Walls Have Fallen”." California History 99, no. 1 (2022): 73–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2022.99.1.73.

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In 2021, June 19 (Juneteenth) became a federal holiday commemorating the emancipation of enslaved people of African descent in the United States. Prior to Juneteenth gaining official status, January 1 (Emancipation Day) was the de facto national holiday on which African Americans celebrated the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation and the end of slavery. From 1863 until the late twentieth century, African Americans throughout the nation celebrated what the black-owned journal The Elevator called “the greatest event in the history of the Colored people of America.” While several scholarly w

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Davis, Mary Kemp, Catherine Silk, and John Silk. "Racism and Anti-Racism in American Popular Culture: Portrayals of African-Americans in Fiction and Film." American Literature 63, no. 1 (1991): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2926574.

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