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Journal articles on the topic 'Free air jet'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Won, Im Hee, Sung Kil Kang, Jae-Yoon Sim, and Jae Koo Lee. "Ozone-Free Portable Microwave Atmospheric Air Plasma Jet." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 42, no. 10 (2014): 2788–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2014.2320266.

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2

Carrillo, José M., Patricio R. Ortega, Luis G. Castillo, and Juan T. García. "Experimental Characterization of Air Entrainment in Rectangular Free Falling Jets." Water 12, no. 6 (2020): 1773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061773.

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This experimental study presents an analysis of the air–water flow in rectangular free-falling jets. The measurements were obtained downstream of a 1.05 m wide sharp-crested weir. The properties of the air–water flow were registered in several cross-sections of the nappe. A conductivity phase detection probe was employed, sampling at 20 kHz. Three different specific flows were considered, with energy head over the crest of 0.080, 0.109 and 0.131 m to avoid scale effects. To analyze the flow properties, air–water parameters during the fall, such as the phase change spatial distribution, air–wat

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3

Kareeva, Yulia R., Vladimir N. Posokhin, Rinat G. Safiullin, and Ksenia A. Bliznyakova. "Study of air jet characteristics in air-conditioned rooms." MATEC Web of Conferences 324 (2020): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032403009.

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The research deals with supply air jets in air-conditioned rooms which have different lengths. The study was conducted according to the numerical method using the Fluent software package. Discharge conditions are equal in all cases. As a result, dependences of main kinematic and geometric jet’s characteristics (width and jet range, longitudinal velocity profiles, axial velocity, average velocity of the back flow, flow rates in the cross sections of the direct and back flows, distribution of static pressure along the length of the jet) on longitudinal constraint parameter are determined (length

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4

Vermeulen, P. J., P. Rainville, and V. Ramesh. "Measurements of the Entrainment Coefficient of Acoustically Pulsed Axisymmetric Free Air Jets." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 114, no. 2 (1992): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906606.

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Novel direct measurements of the entrainment coefficient in the initial zone of a pulsating air jet have been successfully accomplished. A series of pulsating air jets flowing from different nozzle orifice sizes into surrounding air were investigated for the effects of jet axial length, excitation power, and Strouhal number. The entrainment coefficient of the excited jet varied strongly with axial distance downstream of the orifice exit plane and with pulsation strength. The acoustic drive considerably increased the entrainment coefficient by up to 4.6 times at 10 diameters downstream of the n

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5

Muralha, António, José F. Melo, and Helena M. Ramos. "Assessment of CFD Solvers and Turbulent Models for Water Free Jets in Spillways." Fluids 5, no. 3 (2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids5030104.

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The capability of two different OpenFOAM® solvers, namely interFoam and twoPhaseEulerFoam, in reproducing the behavior of a free water jet was investigated. Numerical simulations were performed in order to obtain the velocity and air concentration profiles along the jet. The turbulence intensity was also analyzed. The obtained results were compared with published experimental data and, in general, similar velocity and air concentration profiles were found. InterFoam solver is able to reproduce the velocity field of the free jet but has limitations in the simulation of the air concentration. Tw

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6

Manivannan, Ponnambalam, and Banbla Sridhar. "Characteristic study of non-circular incompressible free jet." Thermal Science 17, no. 3 (2013): 787–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci110208116m.

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This paper reports an experimental investigation of bulk properties of turbulent, which is three dimensional, incompressible, air jets issuing into still air surrounding from the nozzles. The jet orifices utilized included circular, hexagonal and cruciform geometries. Experimental results of pertinent mean flow properties such as axis velocity decay, half width growth, potential core and turbulence intensities are reported. Single Hotwire anemometer was used for measurements of the velocity field. The experiment for the three jets was conducted under the same nominal conditions with the exit R

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7

Carrillo, José M., Patricio R. Ortega, Luis G. Castillo, and Juan T. García. "Air–Water Properties in Rectangular Free-Falling Jets." Water 13, no. 11 (2021): 1593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13111593.

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This study analyzes the air–water flow properties in overflow nappe jets. Data were measured in several cross-sections of rectangular free-falling jets downstream of a sharp-crested weir, with a maximum fall distance of 2.0 m. The flow properties were obtained using a conductivity phase-detection probe. Furthermore, a back-flushing Pitot-Prandtl probe was used in order to obtain the velocity profiles. Five specific flows rates were analyzed, from 0.024 to 0.096 m3/s/m. The measurements of the air–water flow allowed us to characterize the increment of the air entrainment during the fall, affect

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8

Pathirana, Walisinghe. "Blueprint for Designing an Air-Free Fluid Jet Potentiser." Homoeopathic Links 27, no. 04 (2014): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1383224.

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9

Boulton-Stone, J. M., and J. R. Blake. "Gas bubbles bursting at a free surface." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 254 (September 1993): 437–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112093002216.

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When a small air bubble bursts from an equilibrium position at an air/water interface, a complex motion ensues resulting in the production of a high-speed liquid jet. This free-surface motion following the burst is modelled numerically using a boundary integral method. Jet formation and liquid entrainment rates from jet breakup into drops are calculated and compared with existing experimental evidence. In order to investigate viscous effects, a boundary layer is included in the calculations by employing a time-stepping technique which allows the boundary mesh to remain orthogonal to the surfac

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10

ZHU, YONGGANG, HASAN N. OĞUZ, and ANDREA PROSPERETTI. "On the mechanism of air entrainment by liquid jets at a free surface." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 404 (February 10, 2000): 151–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099007090.

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The process by which a liquid jet falling into a liquid pool entrains air is studied experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that, provided the nozzle from which the jet issues is properly contoured, an undisturbed jet does not entrap air even at relatively high Reynolds numbers. When surface disturbances are generated on the jet by a rapid increase of the liquid flow rate, on the other hand, large air cavities are formed. Their collapse under the action of gravity causes the entrapment of bubbles in the liquid. This sequence of events is recorded with a CCD and a high-speed camera. A bo

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11

Hall, David E., Frank P. Incropera, and Raymond Viskanta. "Jet Impingement Boiling From a Circular Free-Surface Jet During Quenching: Part 1—Single-Phase Jet." Journal of Heat Transfer 123, no. 5 (2001): 901–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1389061.

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This paper reports results from an experimental study of boiling heat transfer during quenching of a cylindrical copper disk by a subcooled, circular, free-surface water jet. The disk was heated to approximately 650°C, and as quenching occurred, transient temperature measurements were taken at discrete locations near the surface and applied as boundary conditions in a conduction model to deduce transient heat flux distributions at the surface. Results are presented in the form of heat flux distributions and boiling curves for radial locations varying from the stagnation point to ten nozzle dia

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12

Seitz, Franziska, Robert Schießl, and Detlev Markus. "Ignition by Hot Free Jets." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 231, no. 10 (2017): 1737–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2016-0914.

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Abstract This paper describes some of our experimental studies on the re-ignition caused by jets of hot gas that interact with unburned fuel/air mixtures. The problem is approached from two complementary sides: On the one hand, phenomenological studies are conducted, which ask for the conditions under which a hot jet may cause ignition. A dedicated experiment is described which allows to create well-controlled exhaust gas jets and ambient conditions. In this experiment, parameters influencing the ignition process are varied, and the dependence of jet behavior on these parameters (i.e. pressure

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13

Baylar, Ahmet. "An Investigation on the Use of Venturi Weirs as an Aerator." Water Quality Research Journal 38, no. 4 (2003): 753–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2003.047.

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Abstract The most classic example of a hydraulic structure where gas transfer occurs is a weir. Transfer of gases between the atmosphere and river water can occur in a free overfall jet from a weir. A free overfall jet from a weir plunging into downstream water causes entrainment of air bubbles if the free overfall jet velocity exceeds the critical value where aeration occurs. This paper investigates the free overfall jets from Venturi and rectangular notch weirs and their effect on air entrainment rate. A Venturi weir was placed at the upstream channel end in order to increase the flow veloci

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14

Gregor, J., I. Jakubova, T. Mendl, J. Senk, and M. Konrad. "INTERACTION OF HOT GAS MIXTURE FREE JET WITH SURROUNDING AIR." High Temperature Material Processes (An International Quarterly of High-Technology Plasma Processes) 11, no. 2 (2007): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/hightempmatproc.v11.i2.30.

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15

Graham, L. J. W., та K. Bremhorst. "Application of the k–ε Turbulence Model to the Simulation of a Fully Pulsed Free Air Jet". Journal of Fluids Engineering 115, № 1 (1993): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910116.

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The work describes application of the k–ε turbulence model to a fully pulsed air jet. The standard model failed to predict the change in slope of the velocity decay where the jet changes from pulsed to steady jet behavior. A change in one of the constants of the k–ε model based on the behavior of the periodic velocity component relative to the intrinsic component yielded satisfactory results. Features of the pulsed jet which were successfully simulated included the flow reversal near the edge of the jet, increased entrainment when compared to steady jets and large radial outflow near the leadi

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16

Поветкин, Виталий, Vitaliy Povetkin, Амина Букаева, Amina Bukaeva, Александр Хандожко, and Alexandr Khandozhko. "Air-petrol burners use for solid stone mining and processing." Science intensive technologies in mechanical engineering 2, no. 12 (2017): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a313b63b01a13.12923103.

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The development stages of thermo-jet burners with the intensifiers of fuel component combustion are described. Investigations for obtaining a detonation phenomenon in a free jet of burners at fuel component combustion are shown. The design peculiarities in developments of air-petrol thermo-tools allowing the intensification of the processes of fuel component combustion are shown.

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17

Hou, Yicun, Angui Li, and Ying Zhang. "Air-fluctuation nozzle and its periodic, wave-like air distribution evaluation." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 2 (2019): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19856677.

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In order to investigate dynamic characteristics of fluctuating air, one kind of nozzles of producing periodical fluctuating air is presented in this paper. Assume that the jet is isothermal and free, the typical parameters of the airflow characteristics, such as the maximum jet velocity decay, the non-dimensional velocity profile on different sections and the turbulence intensity have been discussed. In addition, power spectrum density of experimental data was calculated and analysed. The result shows that compared with stable air supply, the fluctuating air velocity decay is slower, thus form

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18

Chanson, H., and R. Manasseh. "Air Entrainment Processes in a Circular Plunging Jet: Void-Fraction and Acoustic Measurements." Journal of Fluids Engineering 125, no. 5 (2003): 910–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1595672.

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Circular plunging jets were studied by both void fraction and acoustic techniques. There were two aims: to measure the structure of the jet flow and its regimes as a function of jet speed and free-jet length; and to develop and validate the acoustic measurement technique in the developing flow. Void fractions and bubble count rates were measured in the developing shear layer of a large-size plunging jet d1=25 mm. The data compared well with a solution of an advective diffusion equation and showed an increased air entrainment rate with increasing free-jet length for x1/d1⩽12. The acoustic data

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19

Hahn, Thomas R., Thomas K. Berger, and Michael J. Buckingham. "Acoustic measurements of air entrainment by a plunging free water jet." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, no. 2 (1999): 1254–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.426015.

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20

OGATA, Koichiro, Katsuya FUNATSU, and Yuji TOMITA. "Characteristics of Free Falling Powder Jet and the Air Entrainment Phenomenon." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 65, no. 633 (1999): 1629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.65.1629.

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21

Chirichella, D., R. Gómez Ledesma, K. Kiger, and J. H. Duncan. "Air Entrainment by a Plunging Jet Translating over a Free Surface." Physics of Fluids 12, no. 9 (2000): S4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4739166.

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22

Ramirez de la Torre, R. G., Miroslav Kuchta, and Atle Jensen. "Experiments on air entrainment produced by a circular free falling jet." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 132 (November 2020): 103424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2020.103424.

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23

Cummings, P. D., and H. Chanson. "Air Entrainment in the Developing Flow Region of Plunging Jets—Part 2: Experimental." Journal of Fluids Engineering 119, no. 3 (1997): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2819287.

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When a water jet impinges a pool of water at rest, air bubbles may be entrained and carried away below the pool free surface: this process is called plunging jet entrainment. The study presents new experimental data obtained with a vertical supported jet. Distributions of air concentration and mean air-water velocity, and bubble chord length distributions measured in the developing shear layer are presented. The results indicate that the distributions of void fraction follow closely analytical solution of the diffusion equation. Further, the momentum shear layer and the air bubble diffusion la

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24

Al-Dulaimi, M. J., F. A. Hamad, A. A. Abdul Rasool, and K. A. Ameen. "Effect of sand particles on flow structure of free jet from a nozzle." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 13, no. 3 (2019): 5542–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.13.3.2019.21.0447.

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The Characteristics of single and two- phase flow from a circular turbulent free jet from a nozzle of 10 mm diameter were investigated experimentally and numerically. The measurements were conducted for ReJ = 10007 - 31561. The velocity was measured at location from the nozzle y/D (0-8) in axial and radial directions. The two phase measurement were done by using natural construction sand as a solid phase of sizes (220,350,550) µm and loading ratios (mass flow ratio of sand to mass flow rate of air) in the range (0.18-1.38). Two phase air velocity of jet showed that the introducing of natural s

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25

Han, Chenchen, Weidong Gao, and Lifen Chen. "Study on the Trajectory of Free-End Fiber in Jet Vortex Spinning Based on the Elastic Thin-Rod Finite Element Model of Flexible Fiber." Autex Research Journal 20, no. 1 (2020): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aut-2019-0005.

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AbstractDuring the air flow twisting process of jet vortex spinning, the moving characteristics of flexible free-end fiber are complex. In this paper, the finite element model of the fiber is established based on elastic thin rod element. According to the air pressure and velocity distribution in the airflow twisting chamber of jet vortex spinning, this paper analyzes the undetermined coefficients of the finite element kinetic differential equation of the free-end fiber following the principle of mechanical equilibrium, energy conservation, mass conservation and momentum conservation. Based on

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26

Siba, Erick A., M. Ganesa-Pillai, Kendall T. Harris, and A. Haji-Sheikh. "Heat Transfer in a High Turbulence Air Jet Impinging Over a Flat Circular Disk." Journal of Heat Transfer 125, no. 2 (2003): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1469523.

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This study concerns the flow and heat transfer characteristics of a turbulent submerged circular air jet impinging on a horizontal flat surface when free stream turbulence exceeds 20 percent. The turbulent fluctuations of the free stream velocity are the primary aerodynamics influencing heat transfer. Two regions with distinct flow characteristics are observed: the stagnation region, and the wall-jet region. According to the linear form of the energy equation, the surface heat flux may be decomposed into laminar and turbulent components. An inverse methodology can determine the turbulent compo

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27

Hackenhaar, William, Filippo Montevecchi, Antonio Scippa, and Gianni Campatelli. "Air-Cooling Influence on Wire Arc Additive Manufactured Surfaces." Key Engineering Materials 813 (July 2019): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.813.241.

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WAAM (Wire-Arc-Additive-Manufacturing) is an additive manufacturing process which uses arc welding to produce metal parts. This process is prone to heat accumulation, i.e. a progressive increase of the interlayer temperature and molten pool size, having detrimental consequences on the material properties and on the workpiece integrity. This paper investigates the effect of air jet impingement, an active cooling technique, to prevent heat accumulation, on the surfaces of WAAM workpieces. A reference test case was manufactured using traditional free convection cooling and air jet impingement. Th

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28

Hall, David E., Frank P. Incropera, and Raymond Viskanta. "Jet Impingement Boiling From a Circular Free-Surface Jet During Quenching: Part 2—Two-Phase Jet." Journal of Heat Transfer 123, no. 5 (2001): 911–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1389062.

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A proposed technique for controlling jet impingement boiling heat transfer involves injection of gas into the liquid jet. This paper reports results from an experimental study of boiling heat transfer during quenching of a cylindrical copper specimen, initially at a uniform temperature exceeding the temperature corresponding to maximum heat flux, by a two-phase (water-air), circular, free-surface jet. The second phase is introduced as small bubbles into the jet upstream of the nozzle exit. Data are presented for single-phase convective heat transfer at the stagnation point, as well as in the f

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29

NAKAYAMA, HARUKA, ROCCO PORTARO, CHARLES BASENGA KIYANDA, and HOI DICK NG. "CFD MODELING OF HIGH SPEED LIQUID JETS FROM AN AIR-POWERED NEEDLE-FREE INJECTION SYSTEM." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 16, no. 04 (2016): 1650045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519416500457.

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A liquid jet injector is a biomedical device intended for drug delivery. Medication is delivered through a fluid stream that penetrates the skin. This small diameter liquid stream is created by a piston forcing a fluid column through a nozzle. These devices can be powered by springs or compressed gas. In this study, a CFD simulation is carried out to investigate the fluid mechanics and performance of needle free injectors powered specifically by compressed air. The motion of the internal mechanisms of the injector which propels a liquid jet through an orifice is simulated by the moving boundar

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30

Alston, Peter V. "Effect of Yarn Spinning System on Pill Resistance of Polyester/Cotton Knit Fabrics." Textile Research Journal 62, no. 2 (1992): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759206200208.

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We have determined the effect of ring, rotor, and air-jet spinning on the pill resistance of jersey and interlock fabrics. The jersey fabrics contained the same polyester type, while the interlock fabrics contained the preferred polyester for each spinning system. In each of the constructions, the air-jet spun fabrics were significantly more pill resistant than ring and rotor spun fabrics. Kinetic studies of the rates of pill formation and wear-off indicate that this difference is due to the much slower formation rate of the air-jet spun fabric. Analysis of pill character suggests that the tig

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31

Nishida, Michio, and Masashi Matsumotob. "Thermochemical Nonequilibrium in Rapidly Expanding Flows of High-Temperature Air." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 52, no. 4 (1997): 358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zna-1997-0411.

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Abstract • This paper describes a computational study of the thermal and chemical nonequilibrium occuring in a rapidly expanding flow of high-temperature air transported as a free jet from an orifice into low-density stationary air. Translational, rotational, vibrational and electron temperatures are treated separately, and in particular the vibrational temperatures are individually treated; a multi-vibrational temperature model is adopted. The governing equations are axisymmetric Navier-Stokes equations coupled with species vibrational energy, electron energy and species mass conservation equ

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32

Khaldi, Nawel, Salwa Marzouk, Hatem Mhiri, and Philippe Bournot. "CFD analysis of free shear layer approximations for a pulsed air jet." Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 43 (July 2014): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2014.04.006.

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33

Ogata, Koichiro, Katsuya Funatsu, and Yuji Tomita. "Experimental investigation of a free falling powder jet and the air entrainment." Powder Technology 115, no. 1 (2001): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-5910(00)00329-6.

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34

Bouchet, G., E. Climent, and A. Maurel. "Instability of a confined jet impinging on a water/air free surface." Europhysics Letters (EPL) 59, no. 6 (2002): 827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/epl/i2002-00117-6.

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35

Soh, Wee King, Boo Cheong Khoo, and W. Y. Daniel Yuen. "The entrainment of air by water jet impinging on a free surface." Experiments in Fluids 39, no. 3 (2005): 498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00348-005-0965-9.

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36

Bagatur, Tamer, Ahmet Baylar, and Nusret Sekerdag. "The Effect of Nozzle Type on Air Entrainment by Plunging Water Jets." Water Quality Research Journal 37, no. 3 (2002): 599–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2002.040.

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Abstract In this study, for the plunging water jet aeration system using various inclined nozzle types, bubble penetration depth, air entrainment rate, water jet expansion, effect of water jet circumference at impact point, oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen transfer efficiency which changed depending on the water jet velocity, were researched in an air-water system. Numerous studies were conducted with circular nozzles. The present study describes new experiments performed with different nozzle types. Three types of nozzles were examined, i.e., those with circular, ellipse and rectangle d

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37

Kochergin, Anatoly, and Valeeva Ksenia. "CALCULATION OF THE FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS AT THE POINT OF THE ACOUSTIC FIELD OF A FREE SUPERSONIC JET OF A ROCKET ENGINE." Akustika 36, no. 36 (2020): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.36336/akustika20203633.

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The paper studies the frequency characteristics of the acoustic field of a free supersonic jet of a powder rocket engine. The results were compared with similar results of free supersonic cold air jets by a number of other authors.

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38

Kyriazis, Nikolaos, Phoevos Koukouvinis, and Manolis Gavaises. "Numerical investigations on bubble-induced jetting and shock wave focusing: application on a needle-free injection." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 475, no. 2222 (2019): 20180548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0548.

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The formation of a liquid jet into air induced by the growth of a laser-generated bubble inside a needle-free device is numerically investigated by employing the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. The three co-existing phases (liquid, vapour and air) are assumed to be in thermal equilibrium. A transport equation for the gas mass fraction is solved in order to simulate the non-condensable gas. The homogeneous equilibrium model is used in order to account for the phase change process between liquid and vapour. Thermodynamic closure for all three phases is achieved by a barotropic Equation of

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39

Jadidi, Mehdi, Sara Moghtadernejad, and Ali Dolatabadi. "Penetration and breakup of liquid jet in transverse free air jet with application in suspension-solution thermal sprays." Materials & Design 110 (November 2016): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.07.145.

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40

Maklad, Osama, Ashkan Eliasy, Kai-Jung Chen, Vassilios Theofilis, and Ahmed Elsheikh. "Simulation of Air Puff Tonometry Test Using Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) Deforming Mesh for Corneal Material Characterisation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 1 (2019): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010054.

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Purpose: To improve numerical simulation of the non-contact tonometry test by using arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian deforming mesh in the coupling between computational fluid dynamics model of an air jet and finite element model of the human eye. Methods: Computational fluid dynamics model simulated impingement of the air puff and employed Spallart–Allmaras model to capture turbulence of the air jet. The time span of the jet was 30 ms and maximum Reynolds number was R e = 2.3 × 10 4 , with jet orifice diameter 2.4 mm and impinging distance 11 mm. The model of the human eye was analysed using fin

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41

MI, J., D. S. NOBES, and G. J. NATHAN. "Influence of jet exit conditions on the passive scalar field of an axisymmetric free jet." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 432 (April 10, 2001): 91–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112000003384.

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The influence of initial flow conditions on the passive scalar field of a turbulent free jet issuing from the round nozzle is investigated in this paper by a review of the literature and a detailed experimental study. Two sets of distinctly different initial conditions are generated using two nozzle types: a smooth contraction and a long straight pipe. The present measurements of the passive scalar (temperature) field were conducted in a slightly heated air jet from each nozzle at a Reynolds number of 16 000 using identical experimental facilities and a single measurement technique. Significan

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42

Brunaugh, Ashlee D., Syed Umer Jan, Silvia Ferrati, and Hugh D. C. Smyth. "Excipient-Free Pulmonary Delivery and Macrophage Targeting of Clofazimine via Air Jet Micronization." Molecular Pharmaceutics 14, no. 11 (2017): 4019–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.7b00690.

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43

Xie, Sheng, Wanli Han, Xufan Xu, Guojun Jiang, and Baoqing Shentu. "Lateral Diffusion of a Free Air Jet in Slot-Die Melt Blowing for Microfiber Whipping." Polymers 11, no. 5 (2019): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050788.

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In melt blowing, microfibrous nonwoven material is manufactured by using high-speed air to attenuate polymer melt. The melt-blown air jet determines the process of polymer attenuation and fiber formation. In this work, the importance of lateral velocity on the fiber was first theoretical verified. The lateral diffused characteristic of the air flow field in slot-die melt blowing was researched by measuring the velocity direction using a dual-wire probe hot-wire anemometer. Meanwhile, the fiber path was captured by high-speed photography. Results showed that there existed a critical boundary of

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Portaro, Rocco, Jad Sadek, Han Xu, and Hoi Dick Ng. "Controlled Release Using Gas Detonation in Needle-Free Liquid Jet Injections for Drug Delivery." Applied Sciences 9, no. 13 (2019): 2712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9132712.

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The advent of new drug therapies has resulted in a need for drug delivery that can deal with increased drug concentration and viscosities. Needle-free liquid jet injection has shown great potential as a platform for administering some of these revolutionary therapies. This investigation explores the detonative combustion phenomenon in gases as a simple and efficient means of powering needle-free liquid jet injection systems. A preliminary, large-scale prototype injector was designed and developed. In contrast with the widely used air-powered and electrical driven needle-free injectors, the pro

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Noh, Kim, Kim, et al. "Spore Viability and Cell Wall Integrity of Cordyceps pruinosa Treated with an Electric Shock-Free, Atmospheric-Pressure Air Plasma Jet." Applied Sciences 9, no. 18 (2019): 3921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9183921.

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Atmospheric-pressure Ar plasma jets are known to be detrimental to Cordyceps pruinosa spores. However, it is not clear what kinds of reactive species are more effective with regard to fungal cell death. Herein, we study which reactive species plays pivotal roles in the death of fungal spores using an electric shock-free, atmospheric-pressure air plasma jet, simply called soft plasma jet. Plasma treatment significantly reduced the spore viability and damaged fungal DNA. As observed from the circular dichroism spectra, scanning electron microscope images, and flow cytometric measurements, cell w

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ZHENG, J. "Dynamics of a Surface Bump Generated by an Air-Water Free Surface Jet Impingement." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 36, no. 2 (2003): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.36.147.

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Ma, Yiyi, David Z. Zhu, Nallamuthu Rajaratnam, and G. Adriana Camino. "Experimental Study of the Breakup of a Free-Falling Turbulent Water Jet in Air." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 142, no. 10 (2016): 06016014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0001188.

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Surma, R., and L. Friedel. "Droplet Velocity in Horizontal Two-phase Air/Water Free Jet Flow in Stagnant Ambient." Chemical Engineering & Technology 27, no. 8 (2004): 852–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200403181.

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Zhang, Jing, Jian Wang, Jun Gao, et al. "Critical velocity of active air jet required to enhance free opening rectangular exhaust hood." Energy and Buildings 225 (October 2020): 110316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110316.

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Marmiroli, Benedetta, Fernando Cacho-Nerin, Barbara Sartori, Javier Pérez, and Heinz Amenitsch. "Thorough small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of the instability of liquid micro-jets in air." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 1 (2013): 193–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577513027951.

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Liquid jets are of interest, both for their industrial relevance and for scientific applications (more important, in particular for X-rays, after the advent of free-electron lasers that require liquid jets as sample carrier). Instability mechanisms have been described theoretically and by numerical simulation, but confirmed by few experimental techniques. In fact, these are mainly based on cameras, which is limited by the imaging resolution, and on light scattering, which is hindered by absorption, reflection, Mie scattering and multiple scattering due to complex air/liquid interfaces during j

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