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Journal articles on the topic 'Free crystalline silica'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Mandle, Richard J., and John W. Goodby. "Inexpensive, operationally simple flow reactor for rapid, chromatography free synthesis of siloxane based liquid crystals." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 3, no. 4 (2018): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8re00027a.

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2

Smith, Deane K. "Evaluation of the detectability and quantification of respirable crystalline silica by X-ray powder diffraction methods." Powder Diffraction 12, no. 4 (1997): 200–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0885715600009775.

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X-ray powder diffraction is one of the most sensitive methods for the analysis of crystalline forms of silica. In addition to detection and quantification, it can determine the specific crystalline species in the sample. The principal limitations of the method depend on the effective volume of the sample in the X-ray beam and the number of crystallites in the proper orientation to diffract. Detection limits are usually reported as 2 μg in thin-film filter mounts and 0.1% in bulk samples that are free of interference from associated minerals. Filter methods are most often used for air quality m

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3

Golbabaei, Farideh, Abdollah Gholami, Gholamheidar Teimori-Boghsani, Mehdi Yaseri, and Mojtaba Kianmehr. "Evaluation of Occupational Exposure to Silica Dust in Mining Workers in Eastern Iran." Open Environmental Research Journal 12, no. 1 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874213001912010001.

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Background and Objective: Silica dust is present in almost all mining operations and can cause various health problems such as silicosis in workers. The present study aimed to determine the total and respirable dust levels and the crystalline silica content of the soil in the breathing zone of workers in Iranian mines. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in 2016-2017 on six Iranian silica mines. Dust sampling was performed according to the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) method No. 0600. The samples were collected from the respiratory zone of worker

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Zulkarnain, Iskandar, Nor Adila Mohamad Kassim, M. I. Syakir, et al. "Sustainability-Based Characteristics of Abrasives in Blasting Industry." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (2021): 8130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158130.

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The abrasive blasting industry is identified as the most unsafe operation in terms of potential exposure to airborne crystalline silica. This is due to the free silica content in the common abrasives that are used for blasting activities. This paper will identify a sustainability-based or green blasting media to replace free silica content abrasives for blasting activities. The characteristics of sustainability-based abrasives are determined based on systematic review procedure. The combination keywords of “Abrasive blasting”, “Garnet’’, “Free Silica Media”, “Sustainable blasting”, “Eco-friend

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Ostrooumov, Mikhail, Victor Hugo Garduño Monroy, and Alise Servenay. "Mineralogical and geochemical studies of hardened subsurface layers in soils of the Azufres and Atecuaro volcanic calderas, southwestern Mexico." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 85, no. 5 (2005): 611–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s04-057.

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Free silica and halloysite-bearing hardened subsurface layers in the ash fall deposits of the Azufres and Atecuaro volcanic calderas (Michoacan State, southwestern Mexico), known as “tepetates”, have been characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and Infrared spectrometry, optical (OM) and scanning (SEM) microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXRA). Chemical analysis of these weathered and hardened formations shows the oxidation of Fe2+, enrichment of Al, Fe3+ and Ti, loss of Si, Na, Ca, K, Mg, and formation of minerals with hydroxyls groups. Tepetates are

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Park, Sung Soo, Yuin Jung, Chunfeng Xue, Renchao Che, Dongyuan Zhao, and Chang-Sik Ha. "Free-Standing Mesoporous Silica/Carbon Composite Films with Crystalline Silica Wall from Ethylene-Bridged Organosilane." Chemistry of Materials 22, no. 1 (2010): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm901684m.

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Prakova, Gospodinka, Pavlina Gidikova, Emil Slavov, Gergana Sandeva, and Spaska Stanilova. "Serum neopterin in workers exposed to inorganic dust containing free crystalline silicon dioxide." Open Medicine 4, no. 1 (2009): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-008-0084-0.

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AbstractThe study was conducted among 92 male workers, divided into two groups depending on workplace and level of inorganic dust containing free crystalline SiO2 in the work environment, and 43 healthy workers without exposure to dust aerosols. The measured inhalable and respirable dust concentrations, as well as the concentration of free crystalline silica (FCS) in the respirable fraction were different for the two groups, but the percentage of free crystalline silica in the respirable fraction was almost identical. Significantly higher neopterin levels were found in workers exposed to dust,

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Jeyaratnam, M., та N. G. West. "The Determination of α-Cristobalite in Airborne Dust by X-ray Diffraction - Theory and Practice". Advances in X-ray Analysis 32 (1988): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s0376030800020942.

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One of the earliest occupational diseases to be recognised was silicosis, a pathological condition of the lungs caused by the inhalation of dust containing free crystalline silica. During the industrial, revolution in the UK the incidence of silicosis rose dramatically; for example in the Sheffield cutlery industry, where dry grinding of knives and forks was practised, the life expectancy of workers was reduced on average by twenty five years. At the present day there is a wide spectrum of industry in which exposure to crystalline silica, may occur; in the UK alone it is estimated that more th

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Bellomo, Chiara, Cristina Pavan, Gianluca Fiore, Guillermo Escolano-Casado, Lorenzo Mino, and Francesco Turci. "152 Top-down Preparation and Characterization of Crystalline Nanosilica for Toxicological Investigations." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 67, Supplement_1 (2023): i100—i101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxac087.247.

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Abstract Crystalline silica (CS) is a well-known human carcinogen and freshly fractured CS is strongly held to be more toxic than aged dust. Mechanical fracturing indeed generates on CS surface a specific family of Nearly-Free Silanols (NFS), a moiety that was proved to destabilize cell membranes and initiate inflammation in vivo. During milling, silica nanoparticles are also generated, however their contribution to the overall toxicity of quartz is still largely unexplored. Nanoquartz can be synthetized via bottom-up methods, but the surface chemistry of those crystals strongly differs from n

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Abid, Nasir Sadoon, Maha T. Sultan, and Jumbad H. Tomma. "New Nanocomposite Derivatives From Thiadiazole Polymers /Silica Synthesis and Characterization using Free Radical Polymerization." Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science 32, no. 1 (2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30526/32.1.2016.

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A new class of thiadiazole /silica nanocomposites with chemical bonds between thiadiazole monomers and modified nanosilica surface were synthesized by free radical polymerization. Presence silica nanoparticles in the structure of nanocomposite showed effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of Producing polymers. A nanocomposite material with feature properties comparison with their polymers, The structure and morphology of the synthesis materials were investigated by FT-IR spectrum which display preparation new thiadiazole compounds and polymerization monomers. FT-IR showed di

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11

Oțelea, Marina Ruxandra. "The association between lung cancer and silicosis: from theory to practice in occupational medicine." Romanian Journal of Occupational Medicine 73, no. 1 (2022): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjom-2022-0008.

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Abstract Unbound (free) crystalline-silica dust is recognized since 2012 by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as a class I carcinogen. Exposure to this professional hazard was massive at the end of the last century, and it continues to exist today, albeit at lower levels. The number of cases of occupational cancer attributed to this exposure is minimal in Romania due to the absence of adequate post-exposure monitoring and the reporting of cases that encounters multiple obstacles, such as the absence of exposure data or the disappearance of the industrial sites in which the exposu

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12

Pavan, Cristina, Chiara Bellomo, Stefania Cananà, et al. "153 Nearly free Surface Silanols: from Silica Towards a new Paradigm for Particle Toxicity." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 67, Supplement_1 (2023): i75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxac087.181.

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Abstract Respirable crystalline silica (RCS) is the leading cause of occupational respiratory diseases worldwide. RCS is associated with inflammatory lung reactions, which can lead to silicosis, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. The extreme variability of silica specimens, including its amorphous forms, the surface heterogeneity, and variable toxicity effects, generated one of the most intriguing enigmas in particle toxicology, i.e., deciphering which physico-chemical features explain and predict the variable hazard of silica. Using a set of ad hoc prepared synthetic and natural quartz particle

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13

Tie, Shengnian, and Shaohong Zhang. "Removal of free carbon and crystal structure change of amorphous silica fume by calcination." International Journal of Modern Physics B 31, no. 16-19 (2017): 1744083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979217440830.

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The calcination process was used to remove free carbon and to change the structure of amorphous microsilica powder. The results show that the carbon content in amorphous silica powder strongly depends on the calcination temperature. When the calcination temperature is higher than 900[Formula: see text]C, the free carbon content, SiO2 content and weight loss of microsilica powder tend to be stable, with values of 0.05%, 83.8% and 4.8%, respectively. The crystalline structure, particle size and morphology start changing at a calcination temperature of 850[Formula: see text]C. When the calcinatio

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14

Lahdensivu, Jukka, Pirkko Kekäläinen, and Alina Lahdensivu. "Alkali-silica Reaction in Finnish Concrete Structures." Nordic Concrete Research 59, no. 1 (2018): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ncr-2018-0013.

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Abstract Even though natural phenomena do not abide to borders, Finland has traditionally been considered an alkali-silica reaction (ASR) free country. This is due to exceptional quality of the mostly course crystalline igneous rocks. However, during the last few years dozens of cases of ASR have been reported. The scope of this study was to study the occurrence of ASR, and to find out the initiation time of the reaction in resent investigations of Finnish concrete structures. ASR is found occurring all over Finland. The reacting aggregates consist of rock types, which are considered relativel

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15

Mizoshita, Norihiro, Takao Tani, and Shinji Inagaki. "Facile preparation of oriented nanoporous silica films from solvent-free liquid-crystalline mixtures." Chemical Communications 48, no. 87 (2012): 10772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2cc36306b.

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16

Nourmohammadi, Mohammad, Ayda Fallah Asadi, Alireza Mosavi Jarrahi, and Saeed Yari. "Risk of Mortality Caused by Silicosis and Lung Cancer: a Study on Ceramic Tile Factory Workers." Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer 1, no. 1 (2018): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjec.2018.1.1.55-58.

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Exposure to silica dust may be considered as an important hazard in the tile industry. The aim of this research was to determine workers’ exposure to crystalline silica dust and assess the relative risk of silicosis and the excess lifetime risk of mortality from lung cancer in tile industry. The visible spectroscopy, based on the NIOSH method 7601, was employed to the do sampling and analysis. For estimate the rate of silicosis relate mortality and the excess lifetime risk of mortality from lung cancer the Mannetje and rice model used. The highest average of the exposure rate to silica were in

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17

Richter, Margarethe, Simon Welzmiller, Fred Monsuur, Annika R. Völp, and Joachim Quadflieg. "Dry Amorphization of Itraconazole Using Mesoporous Silica and Twin-Screw Technology." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 11 (2024): 1368. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16111368.

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Background/Objectives: Amorphization of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) can improve its dissolution and enhance bioavailability. Avoiding solvents for drug amorphization is beneficial due to environmental issues and potential solvent residues in the final product. Methods: Dry amorphization using a twin-screw extruder is presented in this paper. A blend of mesoporous silica particles and crystalline itraconazole was processed using a pharma-grade laboratory scale twin-screw extruder. The influence of different screw configurations and process parameters was tested. Particle size and

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18

Menon V., Haripriya, Anil Saxena, and Unnikrishnan R. "THE PREVALENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PATIENTS WITH SILICOSIS IN THE SOUTHEASTERN PART OF RAJASTHAN, INDIA." International Journal of Advanced Research 13, no. 03 (2025): 292–95. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/20565.

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Silicosis is a fibrotic lung disease caused by inhalation of free crystalline silicon dioxide or silica.Silicosis is caused by inhalation of respirable particles of crystalline silica (usually quartz). Workers at greatest risk are those who move or blast rock and sand (miners, quarry workers, stonecutters, construction workers) or who use silica-containing rock or sand abrasives (sand blasters, glass makers, foundry, gemstone, and ceramic workers, potters)1.Silicotuberculosis is a condition characterized by the co-existence of silicosis and tuberculosis (TB). The incidence of tuberculosis in p

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19

Kacim, S., and M. Hajjaji. "Firing transformations of a carbonatic clay from the High–Atlas, Morocco." Clay Minerals 38, no. 3 (2003): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855033830102.

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AbstractThe firing transformations of a Triassic calcareous clay were investigated, in the range 800 –1075ºC, by using X-ray diffraction and by measuring some ceramic properties (linear shrinkage, density and porosity). It was found that gehlenite and wollastonite are the only neoformed crystalline phases, when anorthite is also expected. The occurrence of these phases is discussed, emphasizing the role of the activity of free silica and calcite concentration. Moreover, new reaction paths for anorthite and wollastonite are envisaged.

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20

Reine, Barbara A. "Localization of silica in Equisetum arvense (horsetail)." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 1 (1992): 856–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100124689.

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Silica is deposited as amorphous silica gel in the shoots (as well as in leaves, roots and reproductive structures) of many vascular plants such as grasses and cereals (notably rice and oat), hemp, pea, nettle, palms, sedges, and horsetails. Of this group, the horsetails, grasses and sedges, exhibit an especially pronounced capacity to take up large amounts of silicon as silicic acid from the soil and polymerize it as hydrated silica in various tissue locations and sometimes specialized cells (3). The application of this naturally produced silica and other minerals to technology, has stimulate

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21

Kuo, Ching-Tang, Fen-Fen Chiu, Bo-Ying Bao, and Ta-Yuan Chang. "Determination and Prediction of Respirable Dust and Crystalline-Free Silica in the Taiwanese Foundry Industry." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (2018): 2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102105.

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Background: Respirable crystalline silica (RCS) has been recognized as a human carcinogen; however, the measurement and analysis of RCS in small-scale foundries is rare and difficult. This study aimed to measure respirable dust and RCS levels among 236 foundry workers in Taiwan and used these data to establish predictive models for personal exposure. Methods: Personal sampling of various production processes were measured gravimetrically and analyzed using the X-ray diffraction method. Multiple linear regression was used to establish predictive models. Results: Foundry workers were exposed to

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22

Verma, Dave K., Andrew Sebestyen, Jim A. Julian та David C. F. Muir. "A Comparison of Two Methods of Sampling and Analysis for Free Crystalline Silica α-Quartz". Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 7, № 11 (1992): 758–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1047322x.1992.10388083.

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23

Massimo Corradi, Giuseppina Folesani, Benedetta Robuschi, et al. "Non-invasive techniques to assess restrictive lung disease in workers exposed to free crystalline silica." La Medicina del Lavoro 110, no. 2 (2019): 83–92. https://doi.org/10.23749/mdl.v110i2.7471.

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Objectives: To compare the reliability of spirometry and body plethysmography in detecting restrictive lung disease in clay excavation workers exposed to free crystalline silica (FCS). The exhaled breath condensate (EBC) biomarkers of oxidative stress were also assessed in order to evaluate early lung damage. Methods: The study involved 62 workers (58 males and 4 females) at a company that extracts and processes clay. Results: Body plethysmography (total lung capacity below the lower normal limit) and spirometry respectively indicated restrictive pattern prevalence rates of 22.6% and 1.6%. EBC

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Morotti, Alberto, Irena Sollaku, Simona Catalani, et al. "Systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on the association of occupational exposure to free crystalline silica and systemic lupus erythematosus." Rheumatology 60, no. 1 (2020): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/keaa444.

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Abstract Objectives Some evidence suggests that exposure to free crystalline silica may contribute to the risk of developing SLE. A systematic search was carried out for all published epidemiological studies concerning this association. A meta-analysis was conducted on relevant studies. Methods We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases for original articles published from 1960 to November 2019 in any language. In addition, we also searched the reference lists of included studies manually for additional relevant articles. Finally, seven studies were included in the systematic review and six studi

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ZAVODINSKY, V. G., and I. A. KUYANOV. "ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE CRYSTALLINE SILICON/n-FOLD SiO2 RING INTERFACE." Surface Review and Letters 03, no. 03 (1996): 1403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x96002412.

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Using the ab initio local density approach we have studied the electronic structure of the systems consisting of the six-, four- and three-fold planar SiO 2 rings placed upon the surface of the silicon cluster. The interaction of the six- and four-fold rings with the silicon surface changes the electronic structure of the silica particle very weakly and the surface insulator band gap of 7–8 eV remains in their densities of states. The electronic structure of the three-fold planar ring undergoes a significant reconstruction. Its surface band gap is 3.7 eV instead of 7.6 eV for the free particle

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Kasuga, Toshihiro, and Yoshihiro Abe. "Novel calcium phosphate ceramics prepared by powder sintering and crystallization of glasses in the pyrophosphate region." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 12 (1998): 3357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0455.

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Silica-free phosphate glasses containing small amounts of Na2O and TiO2 with the composition of Ca/P = 1 in atomic ratio were obtained. When powder compacts of the glasses were heated at 850 °C, they crystallized and subsequently sintered, resulting in glass-ceramics containing β–Ca3(PO4)2 and β–Ca2P2O7 crystalline phases. The glass-ceramics show a relatively high fracture toughness of KIC ≈ 2 MPa m0.5. By soaking in simulated body fluid at 37 °C, a calcium phosphate phase was formed newly on the surface of the glass-ceramics.

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DELAVARI H., H., and M. KOKABI. "SILICON CARBIDE NANOWIRES FROM POLYVINYL ALCOHOL/SILICA ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBERS." Nano 06, no. 01 (2011): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292011002330.

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The catalyst-free synthesis of silicon carbide (SiC) nanowires was carried out from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/silica electrospun nanofibers at high temperature. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetery analysis (TGA) were employed to study morphology and formation of SiC nanowires. Based on the TGA analysis, the carbon yield was increased when inert gas flow rate and heating rate decreased and polymeric nanofibers has been stabilized. The XRD and TEM results showed that the produced nanowires were crystallin

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Moritz, Michał, and Małgorzata Geszke-Moritz. "Sulfonic Acid Derivative-Modified SBA-15, PHTS and MCM-41 Mesoporous Silicas as Carriers for a New Antiplatelet Drug: Ticagrelor Adsorption and Release Studies." Materials 13, no. 13 (2020): 2913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13132913.

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Three mesoporous, siliceous materials, i.e., SBA-15 (Santa Barbara Amorphous), PHTS (Plugged Hexagonal Templated Silica) and MCM-41 (Mobil Composition of Matter), functionalized with a sulfonic acid derivative, were successfully prepared and applied as the carriers for the poorly water-soluble drug, ticagrelor. The siliceous carriers were characterized using nitrogen sorption analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and elemental analysis. The adsorption studies were conducted in acetonitrile. At the highest equilibrium concentrations, the amount of ticagrelor

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Garland, C. M., and R. W. Johnson. "Solid-state reaction of Ru and Al in molten Bi." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 718–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100155566.

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There has been much recent interest in the reactions that occur when two crystalline metals inter-diffuse at low temperatures. Metastable phase formation can occur when structural relaxation into equilibrium crystalline phases is kinetically inhibittedf. These reactions are typically studied in thin—film diffusion couples formed by sequentially depositing two elemental crystalline metals. In this paper we describe a novel low—temperature reaction sequence for the formation of very fine-grain Alx Ru,1-xalloys that allows a further extension of these techniques. This reaction regime uses molten

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30

Keles, Cigdem, and Emily Sarver. "A Study of Respirable Silica in Underground Coal Mines: Particle Characteristics." Minerals 12, no. 12 (2022): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12121555.

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Respirable crystalline silica is now considered to be a major culprit of resurgent lung disease among US coal miners—especially in central Appalachia—though questions remain regarding the specific circumstances around exposure to it. As part of a larger investigation of dust in 15 US coal mines, a recent study examined the silica content in both the respirable mine dust samples and the samples of respirable dust generated in the laboratory from primary source materials (i.e., coal and rock strata and rock dusting products). It concluded the rock strata that is being drilled for roof bolting or

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Santos, Mónica, Armando Almeida, and Catarina Lopes. "Silicose." Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional 13 (June 30, 2022): 157–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31252/rpso.25.06.2022.

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Introduction/framework/objectives Pneumoconiosis are the most frequent occupational diseases. Silicosis is caused by inhaling breathable crystalline Silica. It is a diffuse interstitial fibronodular lung disease. Initially it is asymptomatic, however, it is usually progressive and without cure. The diagnosis is partially based on a history of professional exposure. It is more prevalent in countries with considerable unemployment and/or little or no Health and Safety Surveillance at Work. Methodology This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through a search carried out in January 2022, in the

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Hasanzadeh, Mohammad, Soodabeh Hassanpour, Arezoo Saadati, Nasrin Shadjou, and Ahad Mokhtarzadeh. "Magnetic Mesoporous Silica/Chitosan/Polyproline: A Novel Nanocomposite Toward Sensing of Some Clinically Relevant Biomolecules." Nano LIFE 07, no. 03n04 (2017): 1750006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984417500064.

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In this paper, free-radical polymerization inside magnetic mesoporous silica has been investigated in order to open a route to functional polymer–silica composite nanomaterials with well-defined mesoporosity. Proline monomers integrated with chitosan (CS) were electropolymerized into amino-functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica. The fabrication of polyproline-amino-functionalized magnetic mesoporous silica–CS nanohybrid on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was performed using one step electrodeposition regime. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was confirmed as produced nanohy

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Voitovich, Elena Valerievna, Alla Vasilievna Cherevatova, Igor Vladimirovich Zhernovsky, et al. "Influence of Nanosized Silica Component on Physical and Mechanical Properties of a Composite Gypsum Binder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 1756–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.1756.

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The work presents the results of development of the composite gypsum binder (GB) with nanostructured binder on the basis of silica component (NBC). Introduction of NBC changes the kinetics of hardening, as well as improves physical and mechanical properties of gypsum system. Analysis of the microstructure of the GB has demonstrated in the presence of the NB the size and morphology of crystals are changed, promoting the formation of fine-crystalline structure and increase the contact area between new formations, compared to NBC – free gypsum system. Experimental studies have shown that the mech

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Sajjadi Milani, Sahar, Mahdi Ghassemi Kakroudi, and Nasser Pourmohammadi Vafa. "Synthesis and characterization of mullite (3Al2O3.2SiO2) sol by sol-gel route using inorganic salts." Synthesis and Sintering 4, no. 4 (2024): 304–10. https://doi.org/10.53063/synsint.2024.44235.

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Mullite, also referred to as 3Al2O3.2SiO2, is recognized as the only chemically stable intermediate phase in the SiO2–Al2O3 system, as indicated by mineralogical studies. Several synthesis techniques can be employed to obtain mullite. In this research, the synthesis of mullite particles is aimed to be achieved via the sol-gel route using inexpensive materials, specifically silica sol and aluminum nitrate hydrate [(Al(NO3)3.9H2O] as sources for silica and alumina, respectively. The article is organized into two sections which describe and discuss the systematic synthesis of the mullite sol. The

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Vis, Bradley, Jonathan J. Powell, and Rachel E. Hewitt. "Imaging flow cytometry methods for quantitative analysis of label-free crystalline silica particle interactions with immune cells." AIMS Biophysics 7, no. 3 (2020): 144–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2020012.

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36

Koenig, A. R., and C. W. Axten. "Exposures to Airborne Fiber and Free Crystalline Silica During Installation of Commercial and Industrial Mineral Wool Products." American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 56, no. 10 (1995): 1016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15428119591016458.

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37

Nistor, Cristina Lavinia, Ioana Catalina Gifu, Elena Maria Anghel, et al. "Novel PEG6000–Silica-MWCNTs Shape-Stabilized Composite Phase-Change Materials (ssCPCMs) for Thermal-Energy Storage." Polymers 15, no. 14 (2023): 3022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15143022.

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This paper describes the preparation of new PEG6000–silica-MWCNTs composites as shape-stabilized phase change materials (ssPCMs) for application in latent heat storage. An innovative method was employed to obtain the new organic–inorganic hybrid materials, in which both a part of the PEG chains, used as the phase change material, and a part of the hydroxyl functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-OH), used as thermo-conductive fillers, were covalently connected by newly formed urethane bonds to the in-situ-generated silica matrix. The study’s main aim was to investigate the optimal am

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Arroudj, Karima, Saida Dorbani, Mohamed Nadjib Oudjit, and Arezki Tagnit-Hamou. "Use of Algerian Natural Mineral Deposit as Supplementary Cementitious Materials." International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa 34 (January 2018): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.34.48.

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Much of the current research on concrete engineering has been focused on including siliceous additions as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Silica reacts with Calcium hydroxide release during cement hydration, and produces more C-S-H. The latter contributes to increase compactness, mechanical strengths and sustainability of concrete. This paper explores the hydration characteristics of cement paste based on various natural mineral additions, that are very abundant in Algeria and present a high silica content (ground natural pozzolana “PZ” and ground dune sand “DS”). For this purpose

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Syed Nuzul Fadzli, S. A., S. Roslinda, and Firuz Zainuddin. "Synthesis and Characterization of Sol-Gel Derived SiO₂-CaO Glass." Applied Mechanics and Materials 754-755 (April 2015): 964–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.754-755.964.

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A phosphate-free glass based on SiO2-CaO was synthesized by a low temperature acid catalysed sol-gel route. The obtained material was evaluated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The XRD analysis showed the sol-gel derived glass was amorphous in nature and crystallized when sintered at temperature above 900oC. The crystalline state was consisted of quartz and wollastonite phases. Meanwhile the infrared analysis showed typical transmission bands of monolith silica in the binary glass

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Escobar, Rodrigo, Brian Smith, and Cristina Amon. "Lattice Boltzmann Modeling of Subcontinuum Energy Transport in Crystalline and Amorphous Microelectronic Devices." Journal of Electronic Packaging 128, no. 2 (2006): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2188951.

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Numerical simulations of time-dependent energy transport in semiconductor thin films are performed using the lattice Boltzmann method applied to phonon transport. The discrete lattice Boltzmann method is derived from the continuous Boltzmann transport equation assuming first gray dispersion and then nonlinear, frequency-dependent phonon dispersion for acoustic and optical phonons. Results indicate that a transition from diffusive to ballistic energy transport is found as the characteristic length of the system becomes comparable to the phonon mean free path. The methodology is used in represen

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Delgado-García, Diemen. "SALUD OCUPACIONAL: MIRADA NORMATIVA PARA EL DIAGNÓSTICO DE SILICOSIS." Revista Republicana, no. 35 (July 31, 2023): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21017/rev.repub.2023.v35.a158.

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Silicosis is an occupational lung fibrosis caused by the inhalation of dust containing free crystalline silica. Its prevalence can vary in different countries and regions. In the case of Chile, silicosis has been recognized as a significant occupational health problem. The clinical presentation of silicosis largely depends on the intensity and duration of exposure. Initially, there may be no signs or symptoms. The differential diagnosis is mainly performed with pulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary aspergillosis, pulmonary metastasis, sarcoidosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and other pneumoconi

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Wang, Yuxia, Haiping He, Ying Cao, and Honggao Tang. "Growth of crystalline SiC film free of cavities by heating PS/silica sol-gel coatings on Si (111) substrate." Materials Letters 57, no. 5-6 (2003): 1179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-577x(02)00952-7.

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WANG, CHENG-CHIEN, JING-MO LIN, CHUN-RONG LIN, and SHENG-CHANG WANG. "PREPARATION AND APPLICATION OF HOLLOW SILICA/MAGNETIC NANOCOMPOSITE PARTICLE." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 06 (January 2012): 601–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194512003844.

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The hollow silica/cobalt ferrite ( CoFe 2 O 4) magnetic microsphere with amino-groups were successfully prepared via several steps, including preparing the chelating copolymer microparticles as template by soap-free emulsion polymerization, manufacturing the hollow cobalt ferrite magnetic microsphere by in-situ chemical co-precipitation following calcinations, and surface modifying of the hollow magnetic microsphere by 3-aminopropyltrime- thoxysilane via the sol-gel method. The average diameter of polymer microspheres was ca. 200 nm from transmission electron microscope (TEM) measurement. The

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Whang, Chin Myung, Do Won Seo, and Y. H. Kim. "Mechanism of Apatite Formation on Sol-Gel Derived PDMS-Modified SiO₂-CaO-P₂O₅ Hybrids with Various P₂O₅ Content." Key Engineering Materials 280-283 (February 2007): 1589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.280-283.1589.

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The mechanism of apatite formation on the surface of novel PDMS modified SiO2-CaO- P2O5 hybrids is presented. The bioactive hybrids with different P2O5 content were synthesized by sol-gel method and soaked in the simulated body fluid (SBF) for different periods. The surface and the cross-section of the specimens were examined by use of Fourier transform infrared reflection spectroscopy, thin-film X-ray diffraction technique and scanning electron microscopy. The PDMS-SiO2-CaO-P2O5 hybrid containing 0.03 mole ratio of TEP(triethyl phosphate) / TEOS (tetraethoxysilane) exhibited faster apatite fo

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Oteo, J. L., M. Alejandra Mazo, Cristina Palencia, F. Rubio, and Juan Rubio. "Synthesis and Characterization of Silicon Oxycarbide Derived Nanocomposites Obtained through Ceramic Processing of TEOS/PDMS Preceramic Materials." Journal of Nano Research 14 (April 2011): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.14.27.

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Bulk silicon oxycarbide derived ceramic nanocomposites have been prepared by the application of the conventional ceramic processing to preceramic materials. Tetraethylortosilicate/ polydimethylsiloxane preceramic materials obtained by sol-gel process were thermally treated and attrition milled to 4 micrometers. Subsequently, the preceramic powders were pyrolized at 1100 °C to obtain silicon oxycarbide powders that were pressed and sintered at 1550 °C up to 16 hours. Silicon oxycarbide glasses obtained at 1100 °C from pyrolysis of preceramic materials consist of a Si-O-C network and a carbon li

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Palacio, J. F., and S. J. Bull. "Dynamic indentation measurements on amorphous materials." International Journal of Materials Research 95, no. 5 (2004): 335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2004-0071.

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Abstract An alternative indentation method to study materials that present a time-dependent behaviour (e. g. viscoelasticity) is the dynamic stiffness measurement technique, which provides fast and accurate values of the elastic properties through the calculation of the storage modulus (related to the elastic recovery of the material), and the loss modulus (related to the damping), using indentation cycles with oscillating load or displacement. We have made dynamic measurements on four amorphous materials (CNx, amorphous carbon, fused silica and polypropylene). Such materials have a relatively

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Shyu, Jiin-Jyh, and Hung-Chuan Mai. "ZrO2-nucleated calcium aluminate glass-ceramics with mid-infrared transparency." Journal of Materials Research 21, no. 2 (2006): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2006.0053.

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A silica-free MgO–CaO–BaO–Al2O3–ZrO2 glass was converted into glass-ceramic by adding zirconia as a nucleating agent. The crystallization and properties of the glass-ceramics were investigated. It was found that ZrO2 is an efficient nucleating agent for the present calcium aluminate glass. Addition of an appropriate amount of ZrO2 changed the crystallization behavior from surface nucleation to internal nucleation. The primary crystalline phase was Ca3Al2O6, which exhibited bulk nucleation. When the crystallizing time was increased, BaAl2O4 formed as a surface layer that grew from the surface i

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Iyer, Jayant, Isha Saraf, Andrew Ray, Michael Brunsteiner, and Amrit Paudel. "Assessment of Diverse Solid−State Accelerated Autoxidation Methods for Droperidol." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 6 (2022): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061114.

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The present study aimed to investigate methods for accelerating autoxidation of crystalline drugs in the solid-state that can potentially predict real−time stability. Solid droperidol (DPD) was selected as the model drug. A common free−radical initiator, 2,2′−azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), was used to induce autoxidation in solutions. AIBN decomposes at elevated temperatures to yield carbon−centred cyano−isopropyl free radicals that can auto−oxidize neighboring drug molecules. Although the reaction of AIBN is relatively straightforward in solution, it is less so in solids. In this study, we us

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Yang, Jing, and Li Tian. "Preparation, Characterization and Surface Free Energy of Nickel-Doped Silica Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Membrane for H2/CO2 Separation." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 19, no. 6 (2019): 3180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2019.16582.

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Nickel-doped silica organic–inorganic hybrid (Ni/SiO2) membranes based on tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) were prepared via a sol–gel process for H2/CO2 separation. The influence of calcination temperature and Ni-doping amount on the microstructure and surface free energy of Ni/SiO2 materials was investigated. The permeance of H2 and CO2 and vapor stability of the membranes were tested. For the Ni/SiO2 membrane, the optimal calcination temperature should be 350 °C and Ni/TEOS molar ratio is 0.1. After calcination at 350 °C, nickel element exists in form of Ni–O–

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Poulain, Agnieszka, Simon Kimber, Izabela Sobczak, and Maria Ziółek. "Investigation of metal supported MCF catalysts using PDF technique." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (2014): C917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314090822.

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Functionalisation of silica catalysts (e.g. MCF) supported by anchoring of organosilanes (e.g. aminopropylalkoxysilanes) may change the catalytic properties of the system and also can be used for the further grafting of noble metals [1-2]. In the case of metal loading, in the following calcination process thermal activation and thermal transformation take place leading to the sintering of metal particles, which results in creation of bigger metal crystals. The pair distribution function (PDF) technique is a powerful tool for studying amorphous, crystalline and partially crystalline materials [

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