Relevant bibliographies by topics / Free Dirac particles

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Academic literature on the topic 'Free Dirac particles'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Free Dirac particles"

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Faber, Manfried. "From Soft Dirac Monopoles to the Dirac Equation." Universe 8, no. 8 (2022): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe8080387.

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In the model of topological particles we have four types of topologically stable dual Dirac monopoles with soft cores and finite mass. We discuss the steps for getting a Dirac equation for these particles. We show for the free and the interacting case that we arrive at the Dirac equation in the limit, where the soft solitons approach singular dual Dirac monopoles.
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Emmanuel, D. K. Gazoya. "Superluminal Hydrogen Atom in a Constant Magnetic Field in (3+1)-dimensional Spacetime (II)." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 21, no. 5 (2017): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2017/34195.

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As has usually been the case in the tradition of some scientific novel ideas, we use the hydrogen atom as a “test particle”, in the context of superluminal dynamical system theory. In Paper (I) of this series, the fundamental effect of an applied external magnetic field on a transversely guided beam of hydrogen-like atoms is uncovered, that of transformation from spherical wave expansion into plane wave function. This leads to an unprecedented concept of a planar helical hydrogen field, with a continuum of linear momentum in (3+1)-dimensional spacetime. Thereupon, we investigate a possible “su
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Moalem, A., and A. Gersten. "Common Features of Free Particle Wave Functions in Curved Space-times." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2482, no. 1 (2023): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2482/1/012003.

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Abstract Quantum equations for massless particles of any spin and for massive spin one-half particles are considered in curved space-times. It is demonstrated that in stationary axially symmetric space-times the angular wave functions up to a normalization function are the same as in a Minkowski space-time. The radial wave functions satisfy second order nonhomogeneous differential equations with three nonhomogeneous terms which depend in a unique form on the ratio of time to space curvatures. For a Dirac spin one-half particle, in addition to these three terms a fourth term which depends on th
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CHALUB, FABIO A. C. C. "On Huygens' principle for Dirac operators associated to electromagnetic fields." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 73, no. 4 (2001): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652001000400002.

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We study the behavior of massless Dirac particles, i.e., solutions of the Dirac equation with m = 0 in the presence of an electromagnetic field. Our main result (Theorem 1) is that for purely real or imaginary fields any Huygens type (in Hadamard's sense) Dirac operators is equivalent to the free Dirac operator, equivalence given by changes of variables and multiplication (right and left) by nonzero functions.
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COTĂESCU, ION I. "THE FREE DIRAC SPINORS OF THE SPIN BASIS ON THE DE SITTER EXPANDING UNIVERSE." Modern Physics Letters A 26, no. 22 (2011): 1613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732311036048.

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It is shown that on the de Sitter spacetime the global behavior of the free Dirac spinors in momentum representation is determined by several phase factors which are functions of momentum with special properties. Such suitable phase functions can be chosen for writing down the free Dirac quantum modes of the spin basis that are well-defined even for the particles at rest in the moving local charts where the modes of the helicity basis remain undefined. Under quantization, these modes lead to a basis in which the one-particle operators keep their usual forms apart from the energy operator which
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Gecim, Ganim. "GUP effect on thermodynamical properties of the noncommutative rotating BTZ black hole." Modern Physics Letters A 35, no. 25 (2020): 2050208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732320502089.

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In this paper, we investigated the quantum gravity effects on the thermal properties of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional noncommutative rotating Banados–Teitelboim–Zanelli (NCR-BTZ) black hole in the context of quantum tunneling of relativistic particles. These include Hawking temperature, the thermally local and global stability conditions, and the phase transitions. For this purpose, in the framework of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP), we used the Hamilton–Jacobi approach to calculate the tunneling probability for a massive scalar, Dirac, and vector boson particles from the [F
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SÁNCHEZ, LAURA, IMELDA GALAVIZ, and HUGO GARCÍA-COMPEÁN. "DEFORMATION QUANTIZATION OF RELATIVISTIC PARTICLES IN ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 11 (2008): 1757–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08039360.

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The Weyl–Wigner–Moyal formalism for Dirac second-class constrained systems has been proposed recently as the deformation quantization of Dirac bracket. In this paper, after a brief review of this formalism, it is applied to the case of the relativistic free particle. Within this context, the Stratonovich–Weyl quantizer, Weyl correspondence, Moyal ⋆-product and Wigner function in the constrained phase-space are obtained. The recent Hamiltonian treatment for constrained systems, whose constraints depend explicitly on time, are used to perform the deformation quantization of the relativistic free
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Liang, Shi-Dong. "Dirac Theory in Noncommutative Phase Spaces." Physics 6, no. 3 (2024): 945–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/physics6030058.

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Based on the position and momentum of noncommutative relations with a noncanonical map, we study the Dirac equation and analyze its parity and time reversal symmetries in a noncommutative phase space. Noncommutative parameters can be endowed with the Planck length and cosmological constant such that the noncommutative effect can be interpreted as an effective gauge potential or a (0,2)-type curvature associated with the Plank constant and cosmological constant. This provides a natural coupling between dynamics and spacetime geometry. We find that a free Dirac particle carries an intrinsic velo
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Moshinsky, M., and A. del Sol Mesa. "A relativistic cockroach nest." Canadian Journal of Physics 72, no. 7-8 (1994): 453–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p94-061.

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This paper does not deal with cockroaches running, as they sometimes seem to do, at a speed close to that of light. Rather its subject is a cockroach nest, i.e., a normally innocuous crack in the wall, but from which cockroaches start pouring out if some food is put near it. The physical problem concerns first the possible values of the energy of two relativistic free particles. An elementary classical calculation, in the center of mass frame of reference, shows that energy levels E appear at E ≥ 2mc2 and E ≤ −2mc2but also at E = 0. The latter is our crack in the wall. Turning to quantum mecha
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Rajput, B. S. "Quantum equations from Brownian motion." Canadian Journal of Physics 89, no. 2 (2011): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p10-111.

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The Schrödinger free particle equation in 1+1 dimension describes second-order effects in ensembles of lattice random walks, in addition to its role in quantum mechanics, and its solutions represent the continuous limit of a property of ensembles of Brownian particles. In the present paper, the classical Schrödinger and Dirac equations have been derived from the Brownian motions of a particle, and it has been shown that the classical Schrödinger equation can be transformed into the usual Schrödinger quantum equation on applying the Heisenberg uncertainty principle between position and momentum
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Books on the topic "Free Dirac particles"

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Horing, Norman J. Morgenstern. Quantum Mechanical Ensemble Averages and Statistical Thermodynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791942.003.0006.

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Chapter 6 introduces quantum-mechanical ensemble theory by proving the asymptotic equivalence of the quantum-mechanical, microcanonical ensemble average with the quantum grand canonical ensemble average for many-particle systems, based on the method of Darwin and Fowler. The procedures involved identify the grand partition function, entropy and other statistical thermodynamic variables, including the grand potential, Helmholtz free energy, thermodynamic potential, Gibbs free energy, Enthalpy and their relations in accordance with the fundamental laws of thermodynamics. Accompanying saddle-poin
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Book chapters on the topic "Free Dirac particles"

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Thaller, Bernd. "Free Particles." In The Dirac Equation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02753-0_1.

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Nachtmann, Otto. "Further Aspects of the Theory of the Free Dirac Field." In Elementary Particle Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61281-7_8.

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Hannabuss, Keith. "Dirac particles in electromagnetic fields." In An Introduction to Quantum Theory. Oxford University PressOxford, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198537946.003.0018.

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Abstract So far we have considered only free particles, moving relativistically with out any external forces. However, since there are reasons to expect that electrons can be described by the Dirac equation, we wish to know how they are affected by an electromagnetic field.
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Goren, Ben, Kamal K. Barley, and Sergei K. Suslov. "Matrix Approach to Helicity States of Dirac Free Particles." In Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Quantum Nonstationary Systems. LF editorial Ltda, 2024. https://doi.org/10.29327/5559154.1-19.

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Canarutto, Daniel. "Multi-particle Spaces." In Gauge Field Theory in Natural Geometric Language. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198861492.003.0013.

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The fundamental algebraic notions needed in many-particle physics are exposed. Spaces of free states containing an arbitrary number of particles of many types are introduced. The operator algebra generated by absorption and emission operators is studied as a natural generalisation of standard exterior algebra. The link between the discrete and the distributional formalisms is provided by the spaces of finite linear combinations of semi-densities of Dirac type.
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Sutton, Adrian P. "Properties of free electron metals." In Electronic Structure of Materials. Oxford University PressOxford, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198517559.003.0008.

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Abstract We noted in the previous chapter that Drude’s free electron model of a metal failed in one principal aspect: it regarded the electrons as classical particles obeying Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics. Sommerfeld’s free electron model recognized that the electrons obey quantum mechanical laws. Owing to the electron spin of 1/2, electrons are fermions and they obey Fermi-Dirac statistics. Each quantum state of the system can be occupied by at most two electrons, one with spin up and the other with spin down.
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Wark, J. S., and A. M. Glazer. "Electrons in Metals." In Statistical Mechanics. Oxford University PressOxford, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198508151.003.0007.

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Abstract In this chapter we consider an example, in fact the best known example, of Fermi-Dirac statistics: an electron gas. Electrons have a spin of 1/2, and are thus fermions. Now surprisingly, a good approximation for the physics of the conduction electrons in a metal is to treat them as gas particles, ignoring the Coulomb force between them and their interactions with the ionic cores: this is known as the free electron model.
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Zinn-Justin, Jean. "Relativistic fermions: Introduction." In Quantum Field Theory and Critical Phenomena. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198834625.003.0012.

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Some basic concepts needed for the discussion of Fermi fields have been introduced earlier, as in quantum mechanics (QM) with Grassmann variables, a representation by field integrals of the statistical operator e<συπ>−βH</συπ> for the non-relativistic Fermi gas in the formalism of second quantization, and an expression for the evolution operator. Here, it is first recalled how relativistic fermions transform under the spin group. The free action for Dirac fermions is analysed, the relation between fields and particles explained, an expression for the scattering matrix obtained, and
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Manton, Nicholas, and Nicholas Mee. "Thermodynamics." In The Physical World. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795933.003.0011.

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This chapter is about thermodynamics, or statistical mechanics, which explains macroscopic features of the world in terms of the motion of vast numbers of particles on the atomic scale. It discusses how macroscopic variables such as temperature and entropy were originally introduced, before presenting modern definitions of temperatures and entropy and the Laws of Thermodynamics. Alternative thermodynamic variables, including enthalpy and the Gibbs free energy, are defined and the Gibbs distribution is explained. The Maxwell distribution is derived. The chemical potential is introduced and the
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"Free Fermion Dirac Fields." In Phenomenology of Particle Physics. Cambridge University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781009023429.009.

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Conference papers on the topic "Free Dirac particles"

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Rabei, Eqab M., Abdul-Wali Ajlouni, and Humam B. Ghassib. "Quantization of a Free Particle in a Dissipative Medium: Interaction of Charged Particles With Matter." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84101.

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Following our work on the quantization of nonconservative systems using fractional calculus, the canonical quantization of a system of free particles in a dissipative medium is carried out according to the Dirac method. A suitable Schro¨dinger equation is set up and solved for the Lagrangian representing this system. The wave function is plotted and the damping effect manifests itself very clearly. This formalism is then applied to the problem of energy loss of charged particles when passing through matter. The results are plotted and the relation between the energy loss and the range agrees q
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