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Journal articles on the topic 'Free-electron laser; Electron energy spectrometer'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Walter, Peter, Andrei Kamalov, Averell Gatton, et al. "Multi-resolution electron spectrometer array for future free-electron laser experiments." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 28, no. 5 (2021): 1364–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577521007700.

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The design of an angular array of electron time-of-flight (eToF) spectrometers is reported, intended for non-invasive spectral, temporal, and polarization characterization of single shots of high-repetition rate, quasi-continuous, short-wavelength free-electron lasers (FELs) such as the LCLS II at SLAC. This array also enables angle-resolved, high-resolution eToF spectroscopy to address a variety of scientific questions on ultrafast and nonlinear light–matter interactions at FELs. The presented device is specifically designed for the time-resolved atomic, molecular and optical science endstati

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2

Li, Zhong, Shu Nakamura, Atsushi Fukumi, et al. "Electron Energy Spectrometer for Laser-Driven Energetic Electron Generation." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 44, no. 9A (2005): 6796–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.44.6796.

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3

MANGLES, S. P. D., B. R. WALTON, Z. NAJMUDIN, et al. "Table-top laser-plasma acceleration as an electron radiography source." Laser and Particle Beams 24, no. 1 (2006): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034606050373.

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A “table-top” high power laser has been used to generate beams of accelerated electrons up to energy of 20 MeV from interactions with underdense plasmas. The energy spectrum of these beams was measured using a magnetic spectrometer and proof-of-principle experiments were performed to evaluate the suitability of these beams for electron radiography applications.

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4

Frassetto, F., S. Coraggia, N. Gerasimova, et al. "Compact spectrometer for photon diagnostics of the extreme-ultraviolet free-electron-laser radiation." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 635, no. 1 (2011): S94—S98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2010.11.004.

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5

Zhang, Ximing, Zhi Guo, Xiangyu Meng, et al. "Design of an online spectrometer for the diagnosis of free-electron lasers." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no. 4 (2020): 870–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577520006554.

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A self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser (FEL) is under construction at the Shanghai Soft X-ray Free-Electron Facility. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a suitable diagnostic tool capable of resolving the natural emission band of each FEL pulse. Thus, an online spectrometer with a plane mirror and plane variable-line-spacing grating at grazing incidence to monitor each single FEL pulse during the propagation of FEL radiation has been designed and is presented in this work. The method of ray tracing is used for monitoring incident radiation in order to understand spectral

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6

Lin, X. X., Y. T. Li, B. C. Liu, et al. "Directional transport of fast electrons at the front target surface irradiated by intense femtosecond laser pulses with preformed plasma." Laser and Particle Beams 30, no. 1 (2012): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034611000668.

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AbstractThe effects of laser incidence angle on lateral fast electron transport at front target surface, when a plasma is preformed, irradiated by intense (>1018 W/cm2) laser pulses, are studied by Kα imaging technique and electron spectrometer. A horizontally asymmetric Kα halo, resulting from directional lateral electron transport and energy deposition, is observed for a large incidence angle (70°). Moreover, a group of MeV high energy electrons is emitted along target surface. It is believed that the deformed preplasma and the asymmetrical distribution of self-generated magnetic field, a

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7

Tamasaku, Kenji, Yuichi Inubushi, Ichiro Inoue, Kensuke Tono, Makina Yabashi, and Tetsuya Ishikawa. "Inline spectrometer for shot-by-shot determination of pulse energies of a two-color X-ray free-electron laser." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 1 (2016): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515020196.

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An inline spectrometer has been developed to monitor shot-by-shot pulse energies of a two-color X-ray beam. A thin film of diamond allows inline operation with minimum absorption. The absolute pulse energy for each color is determined by the inline spectrometer combined with a total pulse-energy monitor. A negative correlation is found between the two-color pulse energies.

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8

Erk, Benjamin, Jan P. Müller, Cédric Bomme, et al. "CAMP@FLASH: an end-station for imaging, electron- and ion-spectroscopy, and pump–probe experiments at the FLASH free-electron laser." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 5 (2018): 1529–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518008585.

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The non-monochromatic beamline BL1 at the FLASH free-electron laser facility at DESY was upgraded with new transport and focusing optics, and a new permanent end-station, CAMP, was installed. This multi-purpose instrument is optimized for electron- and ion-spectroscopy, imaging and pump–probe experiments at free-electron lasers. It can be equipped with various electron- and ion-spectrometers, along with large-area single-photon-counting pnCCD X-ray detectors, thus enabling a wide range of experiments from atomic, molecular, and cluster physics to material and energy science, chemistry and biol

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9

Torrisi, Lorenzo, Giuseppe Costa, Giovanni Ceccio, Antonino Cannavò, Nancy Restuccia, and Mariapompea Cutroneo. "Magnetic and electric deflector spectrometers for ion emission analysis from laser generated plasma." EPJ Web of Conferences 167 (2018): 03011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201816703011.

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The pulsed laser-generated plasma in vacuum and at low and high intensities can be characterized using different physical diagnostics. The charge particles emission can be characterized using magnetic, electric and magnet-electrical spectrometers. Such on-line techniques are often based on time-of-flight (TOF) measurements. A 90° electric deflection system is employed as ion energy analyzer (IEA) acting as a filter of the mass-to-charge ratio of emitted ions towards a secondary electron multiplier. It determines the ion energy and charge state distributions. The measure of the ion and electron

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10

Biednov, Mykola, Günter Brenner, Benjamin Dicke, et al. "Alignment of the aberration-free XUV Raman spectrometer at FLASH." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 1 (2019): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057751801576x.

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An extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) double-stage Raman spectrometer is permanently installed as an experimental end-station at the PG1 beamline of the soft X-ray/XUV free-electron laser in Hamburg, FLASH. The monochromator stages are designed according to the Czerny–Turner optical scheme, adapted for the XUV photon energy range, with optical elements installed at grazing-incidence angles. Such an optical scheme along with the usage of off-axis parabolic mirrors for light collimation and focusing allows for aberration-free spectral imaging on the optical axis. Combining the two monochromators in addit

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11

PAOLICELLI, G., A. FONDACARO, A. RUOCCO, et al. "A NOVEL APPARATUS FOR LASER-EXCITED TIME-RESOLVED PHOTOEMISSION SPECTROSCOPY." Surface Review and Letters 09, no. 01 (2002): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x02002610.

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A novel apparatus devoted to time-resolved photoemission experiments in the sub-picosecond regime will be presented. The system is composed of a Ti:sapphire laser source and a time of flight (TOF) electron energy analyzer mounted in a UHV experimental chamber. The laser source is characterized by a pulse duration of 150 fs at a wavelength of 790 nm (1.57 eV) and operates at a repetition rate of 1 kHz. To perform photoemission measurements, UV radiation up to 6.28 eV is produced with sequential steps of frequency conversion by employing crystals with a second order nonlinearity. Photoelectrons

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12

Abraham, Baxter, Stanislaw Nowak, Clemens Weninger, et al. "A high-throughput energy-dispersive tender X-ray spectrometer for shot-to-shot sulfur measurements." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 3 (2019): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519002431.

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An X-ray emission spectrometer that can detect the sulfur Kα emission lines with large throughput and a high energy resolution is presented. The instrument is based on a large d-spacing perfect Bragg analyzer that diffracts the sulfur Kα emission at close to backscattering angles. This facilitates the application of efficient concepts routinely employed in hard X-ray spectrometers towards the tender X-ray regime. The instrument described in this work is based on an energy-dispersive von Hamos geometry that is well suited for photon-in photon-out spectroscopy at X-ray free-electron laser and sy

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13

Metje, Jan, Fabiano Lever, Dennis Mayer, et al. "URSA-PQ: A Mobile and Flexible Pump-Probe Instrument for Gas Phase Samples at the FLASH Free Electron Laser." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (2020): 7882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217882.

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We present a highly flexible and portable instrument to perform pump-probe spectroscopy with an optical and an X-ray pulse in the gas phase. The so-called URSA-PQ (German for ‘Ultraschnelle Röntgenspektroskopie zur Abfrage der Photoenergiekonversion an Quantensystemen’, Engl. ‘ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy for probing photoenergy conversion in quantum systems’) instrument is equipped with a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer (MBES) and tools to characterize the spatial and temporal overlap of optical and X-ray laser pulses. Its adherence to the CAMP instrument dimensions allows for a wide ra

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14

Masuda, S., E. Miura, K. Koyama, and S. Kato. "Absolute calibration of an electron spectrometer using high energy electrons produced by the laser-plasma interaction." Review of Scientific Instruments 79, no. 8 (2008): 083301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2969655.

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15

Rich, David, Diling Zhu, James Turner, Dehong Zhang, Bruce Hill, and Yiping Feng. "The LCLS variable-energy hard X-ray single-shot spectrometer." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 1 (2016): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515022559.

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The engineering design, implementation, operation and performance of the new variable-energy hard X-ray single-shot spectrometer (HXSSS) for the LCLS free-electron laser (FEL) are reported. The HXSSS system is based on a cylindrically bent Si thin crystal for dispersing the incident polychromatic FEL beam. A spatially resolved detector system consisting of a Ce:YAG X-ray scintillator screen, an optical imaging system and a low-noise pixelated optical camera is used to record the spectrograph. The HXSSS provides single-shot spectrum measurements for users whose experiments depend critically on

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16

Park, Sang Han, Jungbum Yoon, Changsoo Kim, et al. "Scientific instruments for soft X-ray photon-in/photon-out spectroscopy on the PAL-XFEL." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 4 (2019): 1031–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519004272.

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An overview is given of the soft X-ray photon-in/photon-out instruments on the free-electron laser (FEL) beamline at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory, and selected commissioning results are presented. The FEL beamline provides a photon energy of 270 to 1200 eV, with an energy bandwidth of 0.44%, an energy of 200 µJ per pulse and a pulse width of <50 fs (full width at half-maximum). The estimated total time resolution between optical laser and X-ray pulses is <100 fs. Instruments for X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) have been set up. X-ra

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17

WELSH, G. H., S. M. WIGGINS, R. C. ISSAC, et al. "High resolution electron beam measurements on the ALPHA-X laser–plasma wakefield accelerator." Journal of Plasma Physics 78, no. 4 (2012): 393–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377812000220.

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AbstractThe Advanced Laser–Plasma High-Energy Accelerators towards X-rays (ALPHA-X) programme at the University of Strathclyde is developing laser–plasma accelerators for the production of ultra-short high quality electron bunches. Focussing such LWFA bunches into an undulator, for example, requires particular attention to be paid to the emittance, electron bunch duration and energy spread. On the ALPHA-X wakefield accelerator beam line, a high intensity ultra-short pulse from a 30 TW Ti:Sapphire laser is focussed into a helium gas jet to produce femtosecond duration electron bunches in the ra

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18

SUN, LU, HAO CHEN, and BO LIU. "SURFACE MODIFICATIONS WITH LASER SYNTHESIZED Mo MODIFIED COATING." Surface Review and Letters 20, no. 01 (2013): 1350003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x13500030.

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Mg–Cu–Al was first used to improve the surface performance of TA15 titanium alloys by means of laser cladding technique. The synthesis of hard composite coating on TA15 titanium alloy by laser cladding of Mg–Cu–Al–B4C/Mo pre-placed powders was investigated by means of scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer and high resolution transmission electron microscope. Experimental results indicated that such composite coating mainly consisted of TiB2 , TiB , TiC , Ti3Al and AlCuMg . Compared with TA15 alloy substrate, an improvement of wear resistance was observed for this composi

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19

Palutke, S., N. C. Gerken, K. Mertens, et al. "Spectrometer for shot-to-shot photon energy characterization in the multi-bunch mode of the free electron laser at Hamburg." Review of Scientific Instruments 86, no. 11 (2015): 113107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4936293.

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20

Braune, Markus, Günter Brenner, Siarhei Dziarzhytski, Pavle Juranić, Andrey Sorokin, and Kai Tiedtke. "A non-invasive online photoionization spectrometer for FLASH2." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 1 (2016): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515022675.

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The stochastic nature of the self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) process of free-electron lasers (FELs) effects pulse-to-pulse fluctuations of the radiation properties, such as the photon energy, which are determinative for processes of photon–matter interactions. Hence, SASE FEL sources pose a great challenge for scientific investigations, since experimenters need to obtain precise real-time feedback of these properties for each individual photon bunch for interpretation of the experimental data. Furthermore, any device developed to deliver the according information should not signific

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21

Kern, Jan, Johan Hattne, Rosalie Tran, et al. "Methods development for diffraction and spectroscopy studies of metalloenzymes at X-ray free-electron lasers." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, no. 1647 (2014): 20130590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0590.

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X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) open up new possibilities for X-ray crystallographic and spectroscopic studies of radiation-sensitive biological samples under close to physiological conditions. To facilitate these new X-ray sources, tailored experimental methods and data-processing protocols have to be developed. The highly radiation-sensitive photosystem II (PSII) protein complex is a prime target for XFEL experiments aiming to study the mechanism of light-induced water oxidation taking place at a Mn cluster in this complex. We developed a set of tools for the study of PSII at XFELs, inclu

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22

Naito, Yasuhide, Sachiko Yoshihashi-Suzuki, Katsunori Ishii, and Kunio Awazu. "An improvement of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using an infrared tunable free electron laser." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 528, no. 1-2 (2004): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2004.04.112.

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23

Rajput, Deepak, Lino Costa, Kathleen Lansford, George M. Murray, and WilliamH Hofmeister. "Laser-Assisted Deposition of Transition Metal Coatings on Graphite." REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE 57, no. 2 (2018): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rams-2018-0060.

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Abstract This paper reports the deposition of transition metal coatings on graphite by laser melting a pre-placed layer of powder particles using a continuous wave (CW) laser. Titanium, zirconium, and niobium coatings were successfully deposited on semiconductor grade graphite plates using the laser induced surface improvement (LISI) approach. The coatings produced were characterized using scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, microhardness testing, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Results show the formation of crack-free and dense transition meta

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24

Glenn, G. D., G. Tiwari, G. Dyer, et al. "Improved large-energy-range magnetic electron-positron spectrometer for experiments with the Texas Petawatt Laser." Journal of Instrumentation 14, no. 03 (2019): P03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/03/p03012.

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25

Torrisi, L., and G. Costa. "Simple magnetic spectrometer for ions emitted from laser-generated plasma at 1010 W/cm2 intensity." Laser and Particle Beams 36, no. 2 (2018): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034618000095.

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AbstractPlasmas were generated by 3 ns pulsed lasers at 1064 nm wavelength using intensities of about 1010 W/cm2 irradiating solid targets with a different composition. The ion emission was investigated with time-of-flight measurements giving information of the ion velocity, charge state generation, and ion energy distribution. Measurements use a coil to generate a magnetic field suitable to deflect ions toward a Faraday cup and/or a secondary electron multiplier.Ion acceleration of the order of hundred eV per charge state, plasma temperature of the order of tens eV, charge states up to about

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26

Pan, Rui, Ekaterina Zapolnova, Torsten Golz, et al. "Photon diagnostics at the FLASH THz beamline." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 3 (2019): 700–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519003412.

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The THz beamline at FLASH, DESY, provides both tunable (1–300 THz) narrow-bandwidth (∼10%) and broad-bandwidth intense (up to 150 uJ) THz pulses delivered in 1 MHz bursts and naturally synchronized with free-electron laser X-ray pulses. Combination of these pulses, along with the auxiliary NIR and VIS ultrashort lasers, supports a plethora of dynamic investigations in physics, material science and biology. The unique features of the FLASH THz pulses and the accelerator source, however, bring along a set of challenges in the diagnostics of their key parameters: pulse energy, spectral, temporal

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27

Kujala, Naresh, Mikako Makita, Jia Liu, et al. "Characterizing transmissive diamond gratings as beam splitters for the hard X-ray single-shot spectrometer of the European XFEL." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 3 (2019): 708–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519003382.

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The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL) offers intense, coherent femtosecond pulses, resulting in characteristic peak brilliance values a billion times higher than that of conventional synchrotron facilities. Such pulses result in extreme peak radiation levels of the order of terawatts cm−2 for any optical component in the beam and can exceed the ablation threshold of many materials. Diamond is considered the optimal material for such applications due to its high thermal conductivity (2052 W mK−1 at 300 K) and low absorption for hard X-rays. Grating structures were fabricated on free-s

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28

Peng, Xiao, and Kai Yong Jiang. "Effect of Laser Processing on Electroless Copper Deposition on Modified Plastic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 164 (April 2012): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.164.59.

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Copper was selectively deposited on modified plastic without the palladium-catalyzed process. Laser direct writing was used to create the selective seeds.The effect of laser processing on the electroless copper deposition was investigated. Thus the morphologies and compositions of the sample before and after laser processing were investigated by means of sanning electron microscopy(SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The relationship between laser pulse frequency , scanning velocity and the topography of the deposited coppe

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29

Yang, Zhi Bo, Ai Ju Liu, and Jiu Hua Xu. "Laser Brazing Diamond Grinding Wheel with Ni-Base Filler Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 218–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.218.

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Brazing diamond wheel was carried out via laser in an argon atmosphere. The interfacial microstructures among brazed diamond, the filler alloy and matrix were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersion spectrometer (EDS) and X- ray diffraction (XRD). The formation mechanism of carbide layers was also discussed. Finally, grinding examination of the grinding wheel was carried through. The results show that diamond can not fall off from the wheel even at heavy duty conditions.

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Deng, Bangjie, Jiawei Yan, Qingmin Zhang, Yaodong Sang, and Haixiao Deng. "Proposal of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and magnetic circular dichroism using broadband free-electron lasers." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 1 (2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518015175.

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X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have been widely used for applications such as X-ray crystallography and magnetic spin probes because of their unprecedented performance. Recently, time-resolved X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) with ultrafast XFEL pulses have made it possible to achieve an instantaneous view of atomic de-excitation. However, owing to the narrow bandwidth and coherence of XFELs, X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and XMCD are time- and effort-consuming for both machine scientists and users of XFELs. In this work, an efficient scheme using a broadband XFEL pulse and s

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31

Li, Da, Gui Guo Wang, Yu Chen, et al. "Analysis of Crack on Rail Web after Flash Welding." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 1271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.1271.

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A failure U71Mn rail steel was investigated by stereomicroscopic, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM). The results show that, the crack is initiated from heat affected zone (HAZ) of the rail web. The inclusions (Al2O3, SiO2) and the holes in the rail web are the main reasons for the fracture. The deepest of the hole is 64.1μm.

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32

Svetina, Cristian, Daniele Cocco, Nicola Mahne, Lorenzo Raimondi, Eugenio Ferrari, and Marco Zangrando. "PRESTO, the on-line photon energy spectrometer at FERMI: design, features and commissioning results." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 1 (2016): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515021116.

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Measurement of the emission wavelength and the spectral content of the photon radiation is essential information for both machine and experimental physicists at a free-electron laser (FEL) user facility. Knowledge of the photon beam spectral properties is needed during the machine optimization and for performing machine studies (i.e.monitoring the change of the FEL output as a function of the machine parameters). The experimentalists, on the other hand, need to know the photon beam spectral distribution of the source, shot to shot, to discriminate the acquired data. Consequently, the main requ

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Fan, Ding, Yao Ning Sun, Jian Bin Zhang, and Ming Sun. "Laser Processed Intermetallic Matrix Composite Coatings on Ni-Based Superalloy Substrate." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1338.

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Carbides reinforced intermetallic matrix composite coatings for elevated temperature environmental resistance were prepared on Ni-based suaperalloy substrate using CO2 laser cladding process. The phases of clad layer were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The laser cladding of the Ni78Si13Ti9/WC powder shows that the products mainly consist of TiC, WC and Ni3(Si,Ti) phases. A chemical reaction between WC particle and Ti powder occurs during the laser process, therefore TiC is formed. The microhardness of the

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Fan, Hong Mei, Hai Qing Liu, Jia Ren, Xiang Jun Meng, and Xiu Bo Liu. "Microstructural Characteristics and Wear Properties of NiCr/Cr₃C₂-WS₂ Self-Lubricant Wear-Resistant Composite Coating on Ti6Al4V by Laser Cladding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (September 2013): 814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.814.

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The self-lubricant wear-resistant NiCr/Cr3C2-10%WS2 coating and wear-resistant NiCr/Cr3C2 coating were obtained on Ti6Al4V by laser cladding. Microstructure of the coatings was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The wear properties were evaluated using a ball-on-disc wear tester under dry sliding condition. The results show that the laser cladding NiCr/Cr3C2-10%WS2 composite coating has good friction-reducing and anti-wear capabilities at ambient.

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35

Różowicz, S., Sz Tofil, and A. Zrak. "An Analysis of the Microstructure, Macrostructure and Microhardness of Nicr-Ir Joints Produced by Laser Welding with and without Preheat." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 2 (2016): 1157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0193.

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Abstract This paper discusses some of the basic problems involved in laser welding of dissimilar materials with significant differences in melting points. It focuses on the micro and macrostructure of laser welded NiCr-Ir microjoints used in central spark plug electrodes. The joints were produced by welding with and without preheat using an Nd,YAG laser. The structure and composition of the welded joints were analyzed by means of a light microscope (LM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer. The microhardness of the weld area was a

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36

Lisiecki, Aleksander, and Dawid Ślizak. "Hybrid Laser Deposition of Fe-Based Metallic Powder under Cryogenic Conditions." Metals 10, no. 2 (2020): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10020190.

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The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the novel technique of laser deposition of Fe-based powder under cryogenic conditions provided by a liquid nitrogen bath. Comparative clad layers were produced by conventional laser cladding at free cooling conditions in ambient air and by the developed process combining laser cladding and laser gas nitriding (hybrid) under cryogenic conditions. The influence of process parameters and cooling conditions on the geometry, microstructure, and hardness profiles of the clad layers was determined. The optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy

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37

Sangwan, Deepak, Soiciro Aogaki, Septimiu Balascuta, et al. "A broad energy range (100 MeV–10 GeV) electron spectrometer for high power laser wakefield acceleration experiments." AIP Advances 10, no. 5 (2020): 055006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0001980.

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Liu, Hong Tao, Ruo Chao Wang, Qing Liu, et al. "Microstructure Characterization of AZ31B Mg Alloy Welds Processed by Nd:YAG Laser Welding." Materials Science Forum 898 (June 2017): 1051–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.898.1051.

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The Nd:YAG laser welding process of AZ31B alloys was performed by using the six-axis robot in this work. The microstructure characterization of AZ31B auto-welded joints was studied by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The laser welding process resulted in the formation of equiaxed grains in the center of the fusion zone (FZ) and columnar grains near the FZ boundary, meanwhile some eutectic β-Mg17Al12 particles were observed in the microstructure. No clear heat affected zone (HAZ) was observed in the welded AZ31B joint. Furthermore, some pores we

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Nam, Sangwoo, Heewon Cho, Cheolhee Kim, and Young-Min Kim. "Effect of Process Parameters on Deposition Properties of Functionally Graded STS 316/Fe Manufactured by Laser Direct Metal Deposition." Metals 8, no. 8 (2018): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8080607.

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Stainless steel 316 (STS316)/Fe functionally graded materials were fabricated by direct energy deposition (DED) method using laser as a heat source. The feeding amount of the mixed powder was evaluated and the powder feeding condition was optimized through the section evaluation. The reliability of the powder feed was evaluated by regression analysis, and it was confirmed through the energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) analysis and X-ray diffractometer (XRD) that the graded functional material of the designed composition was manufactured. Defects and microstructures were analyzed by scanning

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Liu, Shuang, Shi Hong Shi, Ge Yan Fu, and Hong Pu Wei. "Laser Cladding of Ni-Based Hardfacing Alloy Replacing Stellite06." Key Engineering Materials 464 (January 2011): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.464.647.

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For the disadvantages of Co element, such as rarity, high price and nuclear pollution, the Co-based materials will be eliminated in the valves which are used in the third and fourth-generation nuclear plants. In this paper, the composition of a Co-free Ni-based alloy was designed. With laser cladding technology, the Ni-based coatings were obtained. Microstructure of the coatings was characterized by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The phases in the surface layer were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDS). And the wear res

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Mostako, A. T. T., and Alika Khare. "Molybdenum thin films via pulsed laser deposition technique for first mirror application." Laser and Particle Beams 30, no. 4 (2012): 559–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034612000560.

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AbstractMirror like Molybdenum thin films on SS substrate in vacuum (10−3Pa) and in Helium environment has been achieved by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) Technique. The PLD thin films of Molybdenum have been characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). The specular reflectivity was recorded with Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectrometer and UV-Visible spectrometer. The optical quality of the thin films was tested via interferometric technique. At the optimum deposition parameters, the

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Rhee, Y. J., S. M. Nam, J. Peebles, et al. "Spectral tomographic analysis of Bremsstrahlung X-rays generated in a laser-produced plasma." Laser and Particle Beams 34, no. 4 (2016): 645–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034616000604.

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AbstractA new approach is proposed to analyze Bremsstrahlung X-rays that are emitted from laser-produced plasmas (LPP) and are measured by a stack type spectrometer. This new method is based on a spectral tomographic reconstruction concept with the variational principle for optimization, without referring to the electron energy distribution of a plasma. This approach is applied to the analysis of some experimental data obtained at a few major laser facilities to demonstrate the applicability of the method. Slope temperatures of X-rays from LPP are determined with a two-temperature model, showi

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Koopaie, Maryam, Ali Kia Darbandsari, Neda Hakimiha, and Sajad Kolahdooz. "Er,Cr:YSGG laser surface treatment of gamma titanium aluminide: Scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer analysis, wettability and Eikenella corrodens and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans bacteria count—in vitro study." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 234, no. 8 (2020): 769–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411920924517.

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Dental implants play an important role in oral health. Titanium dental implants must endure the complex microflora environment of the oral cavity. Moreover, bacterial infections have been considered as one of the most important factors of implant failure. The issue of dental improvement through modification of chemical composition and surface treatment has received considerable critical attention. γ-TiAl as a novo biocompatible material revealed a slower corrosion rate in biological media rather Ti-6Al-4V. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser on γ-TiAl i

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Dziarzhytski, Siarhei, Natalia Gerasimova, Rene Goderich, et al. "Microfocusing at the PG1 beamline at FLASH." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 1 (2016): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515023127.

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The Kirkpatrick–Baez (KB) refocusing mirror system installed at the PG1 branch of the plane-grating monochromator beamline at the soft X-ray/XUV free-electron laser in Hamburg (FLASH) is designed to provide tight aberration-free focusing down to 4 µm × 6 µm full width at half-maximum (FWHM) on the sample. Such a focal spot size is mandatory to achieve ultimate resolution and to guarantee best performance of the vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) off-axis parabolic double-monochromator Raman spectrometer permanently installed at the PG1 beamline as an experimental end-station. The vertical beam size on t

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Ueno, Go, Atsuhiro Shimada, Eiki Yamashita, et al. "Low-dose X-ray structure analysis of cytochrome c oxidase utilizing high-energy X-rays." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 4 (2019): 912–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519006805.

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To investigate the effect of high-energy X-rays on site-specific radiation-damage, low-dose diffraction data were collected from radiation-sensitive crystals of the metal enzyme cytochrome c oxidase. Data were collected at the Structural Biology I beamline (BL41XU) at SPring-8, using 30 keV X-rays and a highly sensitive pixel array detector equipped with a cadmium telluride sensor. The experimental setup of continuous sample translation using multiple crystals allowed the average diffraction weighted dose per data set to be reduced to 58 kGy, and the resulting data revealed a ligand structure

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Chubar, Oleg, Gianluca Geloni, Vitali Kocharyan, et al. "Ultra-high-resolution inelastic X-ray scattering at high-repetition-rate self-seeded X-ray free-electron lasers." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 2 (2016): 410–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577515024844.

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Inelastic X-ray scattering (IXS) is an important tool for studies of equilibrium dynamics in condensed matter. A new spectrometer recently proposed for ultra-high-resolution IXS (UHRIX) has achieved 0.6 meV and 0.25 nm−1spectral and momentum-transfer resolutions, respectively. However, further improvements down to 0.1 meV and 0.02 nm−1are required to close the gap in energy–momentum space between high- and low-frequency probes. It is shown that this goal can be achieved by further optimizing the X-ray optics and by increasing the spectral flux of the incident X-ray pulses. UHRIX performs best

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Rehanek, Jens, Christopher J. Milne, Jakub Szlachetko, et al. "A compact and versatile tender X-ray single-shot spectrometer for online XFEL diagnostics." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 1 (2018): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577517012796.

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One of the remaining challenges for accurate photon diagnostics at X-ray free-electron lasers (FELs) is the shot-to-shot, non-destructive, high-resolution characterization of the FEL pulse spectrum at photon energies between 2 keV and 4 keV, the so-called tender X-ray range. Here, a spectrometer setup is reported, based on the von Hamos geometry and using elastic scattering as a fingerprint of the FEL-generated spectrum. It is capable of pulse-to-pulse measurement of the spectrum with an energy resolution (ΔE/E) of 10−4, within a bandwidth of 2%. The Tender X-ray Single-Shot Spectrometer (TXS)

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Samoylova, Liubov, Ulrike Boesenberg, Aleksandr Chumakov, et al. "Diffraction properties of a strongly bent diamond crystal used as a dispersive spectrometer for XFEL pulses." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 4 (2019): 1069–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519004880.

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Self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) enables X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) to generate hard X-ray pulses of sub-100 fs duration. However, due to the stochastic nature of SASE, the energy spectrum fluctuates from pulse to pulse. Many experiments that employ XFEL radiation require the resolution of the spectrum of each pulse. The work presented here investigates the capacity of a thin strongly bent diamond crystal to resolve the energy spectra of hard X-ray SASE pulses by studying its diffraction properties. Rocking curves of the symmetric C*(440) reflection have been measured for dif

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Gerth, Christopher, Günter Brenner, Michele Caselle, et al. "Linear array detector for online diagnostics of spectral distributions at MHz repetition rates." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 5 (2019): 1514–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519007835.

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Free-electron lasers (FELs) based on superconducting accelerator technology and storage ring facilities operate with bunch repetition rates in the MHz range, and the need arises for bunch-by-bunch electron and photon diagnostics. For photon-pulse-resolved measurements of spectral distributions, fast one-dimensional profile monitors are required. The linear array detector KALYPSO (KArlsruhe Linear arraY detector for MHz-rePetition rate SpectrOscopy) has been developed for electron bunch or photon pulse synchronous read-out with frame rates of up to 2.7 MHz. At the FLASH facility at DESY, a curr

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Miyatake, Tatsuhiko, Keiichiro Shiokawa, Hironao Sakaki, et al. "Denoising application for electron spectrometer in laser-driven ion acceleration using a Simulation-supervised Learning based CDAE." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 999 (May 2021): 165227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2021.165227.

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