Relevant bibliographies by topics / Free-form lens

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Free-form lens'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Free-form lens"

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Rubinstein, Jacob, and Gershon Wolansky. "Intensity control with a free-form lens." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 24, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.24.000463.

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Wang, Lin, Keyuan Qian, and Yi Luo. "Discontinuous free-form lens design for prescribed irradiance." Applied Optics 46, no. 18 (May 31, 2007): 3716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.46.003716.

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SUN Li-wei, 孙理伟, 金尚忠 JIN Shang-zhong, and 岑松原 CEN Song-yuan. "Free-form Micro-lens Design for Solid State Lighting." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 39, no. 5 (2010): 860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20103905.0860.

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Xu, CY, and HB Cheng. "A free-form side-emitting lens for airfield lighting." Lighting Research & Technology 50, no. 6 (April 14, 2017): 937–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477153517702695.

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Side-emitting lenses are essential devices in some special lighting fields. Two types of side-emitting lenses with refractive and total reflective free-form surfaces are introduced. The principles of geometric optics and non-imaging optics are adopted to construct the free-form surfaces without complex mapping or a differential iteration process. As an example, an elevated taxiway edge light is designed for airfield lighting. A side-emitting lens with two sawtooth additions on top is designed to meet the luminous intensity distribution required by the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). An analysis is carried out to determine tolerance limits during manufacture and installation. Computer simulation results show that a side-emitting efficiency of 85.4% is achieved for a Cree XP-E LED. The light distribution of this elevated taxiway edge light complies with the FAA regulations.
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Miñano, Juan C., Pablo Benítez, Pablo Zamora, Marina Buljan, Rubén Mohedano, and Asunción Santamaría. "Free-form optics for Fresnel-lens-based photovoltaic concentrators." Optics Express 21, S3 (April 22, 2013): A494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.00a494.

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Lin, Chi-Feng, Yu-Bin Fang, and Wei-Chih Su. "Design of LED Free-form Lens for Sensor Systems." Sensors and Materials 32, no. 6 (June 30, 2020): 2177. http://dx.doi.org/10.18494/sam.2020.2905.

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LUO Xiao-xia, 罗晓霞, 刘华 LIU Hua, 卢振武 LU Zhen-wu, 荆雷 JING Lei, 姜洋 JIANG Yang, and 辛迪 Xin Di. "Automated Optimization of Free-form Surface Lens for LED Collimation." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 40, no. 9 (2011): 1351–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb20114009.1351.

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Lubini, M., M. Sereno, J. Coles, Ph Jetzer, and P. Saha. "Cosmological parameter determination in free-form strong gravitational lens modelling." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 437, no. 3 (November 30, 2013): 2461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stt2057.

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Tsai, Chung-Yu. "Free-form surface design method for a collimator TIR lens." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 33, no. 4 (March 31, 2016): 785. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.33.000785.

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Duerr, Fabian, Pablo Benítez, Juan C. Miñano, Youri Meuret, and Hugo Thienpont. "Analytic free-form lens design in 3D: coupling three ray sets using two lens surfaces." Optics Express 20, no. 10 (April 25, 2012): 10839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.010839.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Free-form lens"

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Diserbo, Michel. "Action du Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) sur les cellules de la lignée N1E-115 : effets sur la concentration du calcium libre cytosolique et sur les flux ioniques transmembranaires." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10073.

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Le paf (1-o-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine) est aujourd'hui reconnu comme un des plus importants neuromediateurs lipidiques. Dans ce travail, nous montrons une action du paf sur les cellules de la lignee de neuroblastome n1e-115. Par les techniques de liaison, nous avons mis en evidence sur ces cellules la presence de deux types de recepteurs du paf. L'activation de ces recepteurs par des concentrations physiologiques de paf produit une accumulation d'inositol triphosphate, et une augmentation rapide et transitoire du calcium libre cytosolique. Cette augmentation du calcium libre cytosolique fait intervenir a la fois une redistribution du calcium intracellulaire et des influx de calcium externe. Ces influx de calcium passent essentiellement via des canaux permeables aux ions ca#2#+ de type receptor-operated channel. Nous montrons la presence, sur ces cellules, de canaux permeables au ca#2#+ et activables par la thapsigargine correspondant tres probablement a des canaux calciques activables via la depletion des reserves intracellulaires. Ces canaux interviennent dans la reponse induite par le paf. A l'aide de la technique de voltage impose sur cellule entiere, nous avons mis en evidence une activation possible par le paf des canaux calciques sensibles au voltage de type l. Cependant, cette derniere action du paf ne participe que, de facon minime, aux entrees de ca#2#+. L'activation de ces canaux est, en effet, bloquee par une hyperpolarisation transitoire en reponse a l'activation par le paf de canaux potassiques du type bk(ca). Cette derniere action du paf est la consequence de la seule augmentation du calcium libre cytosolique, et ne resulte pas d'une action directe du paf sur ces bk(ca). Enfin, a l'aide de la technique du patch-clamp, nous n'avons pas mis en evidence l'effet du paf sur les autres permeabilites ioniques membranaires de ces cellules (courants na#+ et k#+ sensibles au potentiel)
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Pan, Wei-Ni, and 潘葳妮. "Free-form Surface Design Method for Collimator TIR Lens." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/tfr9p6.

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碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
機械與電腦輔助工程系碩士班
105
A free-form (FF) surface design method is proposed for a general axial-symmetrical collimator system consisting of a light source and a TIR lens with two coupled FF boundary surfaces. The profiles of the boundary surfaces are designed using a FF surface construction method such that each incident ray is directed (refracted and reflected) in such a way as to form a specified image pattern on the target plane. The light ray paths within the system are analyzed using an exact analytical model and a skew-ray tracing approach. In addition, the validity of the proposed FF design method is demonstrated by means of ZEMAX simulations. It is shown that the illumination distribution formed on the target plane is in good agreement with that specified by the user. The proposed surface construction method is mathematically straightforward and easily implemented in computer code. As such, it provides a useful tool for the design and analysis of general axial symmetrical optical systems.
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Su, Chien-cheng, and 蘇健誠. "The free-form collimating lens design for light transmission." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08558262524517388959.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
102
Electrical lighting consumes around 1/3 of the total electricity, it depletes rapidly the limited fosil energy sources used to generate electricity. Daylighting systems therefore become one of the most popular research issues recently. Among various daylighting systems, one is the well-known HIMAWARI, designed by a team from Japan. The system is highly efficient and provides sufficient light for indoor illumination. However, such systems are dynamic systems, which need additional electricity to drive the suntracker for gathering sunlight. Comparing with the static systems, in which the tolerance angle of the light collectors are usually designed larger rather than with the suntrackor of the HIMAWALI. Among on these static systems, the Natural Light Illumination System (NLIS) is an innovative static system, using rectangular prisms structure to compress and transmit the sunlight indoor for illumination . There are many advantages of NLIS like cascadable and modulized that is easier for installation and maintenance the system. The NLIS system is composed of three sub-systems, light collection, light transmission, and light emission. The overall efficiency of the NLIS is the sum of the three subsystems. Since this paper is mainly focus on the reaearch between the light collection subsystem and the transmission subsystem. We mainly explore the way to enhance the efficiency of the light transmission subsystem. Regarding to the transmission subsystem, there are two often-used component, the light pipe and the optical fiber. The light pipe is composed of tubes and lenses. With the properties of focusing and divergence, the lenses in the light pipe allow the light be transmitted to a large distance without substantial loss. Due to the cost of the fiber is too high for long distance to transmit, the light transmission component we choose to study is the light pipe. The research shows that the numerical aperture of the lightpipe is ±〖10〗^° and the angles behind the collection module are larger than〖 10〗^°. It would cause low efficiency and lead to insufficient light for indoor illumination. To solve this problem, we design a collimating lens based on free-form method to be a light coupler between the collection subsystem and the light transmission subsystem. The free-form lens is made of BK7 glass. When the light passing through the lens, the light will be converged according to the shape of the lens. The surface is constructed based on parting the light source into cells and calculateing the tangent vector of the refractive surface on the basis of the light distribution on each cells. Finally, we connect each free-form lens together to form the complete free-form lens and the light passing through the lens are converged as nearly parallel light. With the nearly parallel light, the efficiency of transmission part can be greatly enhanced.
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Yao, Lin-Tzu, and 林子堯. "Optimization Method of Free-form Surface used design Secondary lens." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74899292451819844629.

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碩士
國立中央大學
光電科學與工程學系
103
In this thesis, we built two types of initial model of free-form surface secondary optical system, lens and reflector based on principles of geometry optics. Then use 2D/3D interactive optimizer of TracePro to create initial model, and automatic optimization of free-form surfaces. The beam angle (50% lv) of the secondary optical system on 300mm diameter surface light source is 9 degrees or less. Apply this method, we avoiding repeated re-set parameters and adjust model, significantly reducing the time it takes. Finally we got the best model of high precision free-form surface secondary optical element in a shorter time.
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Shan-PinChang and 張善斌. "Design of a free-form lens to generate uniform intensity or illuminance." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84352182216289570157.

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碩士
國立成功大學
物理學系碩博士班
98
Light Emitting Diode (LED) possesses several advantages, having high energy-transferring efficiency, long life and small physical size. As a result, Light Emitting Diodes (LED) should become a general light source in human life in a few years. For example, it can be used to indoor lighting and Liquid crystal display (LCD) backlight module. In this thesis, we design several free-form lenses which can produce uniform angular intensity distribution or uniform illuminance. In this thesis, we find an ordinary differential equation (ODE) describing the of free-form lens surface by using the concept of energy conservation and geometrical optics. We then calculate the free-form lens surface by solving the ODE. The free-form lens properties are verified by ray-tracing simulation package, LightTools. The purposes of these free-form lenses are increasing light-using efficiency, decreasing the light source cost and energy-saving.
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CHEN, Jui-Chang, and 陳瑞彰. "The Design of LED-based Headlamp Lighting Systems using Free-form Lens." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25512387698524704189.

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碩士
明道大學
光電暨能源工程學系碩士班
98
The purpose of this study is to design a free-form surface LED-based headlamp lens, which satisfied ECE R112 low-beam shape and illuminance legal requirement. The design procedure is to use two high-power LED sources, which is the type of OSRAM LE-UW-E3B LED ( 18w / 610lm ) , and to set up a free-from lens as a basic beam projector and then to use Light Tools software to simulate and optimize the required specification performance. The total optical efficiency can reach up to 80 %. The thesis contains the design process, the performance evaluation, the measurement method, and the tolerance analysis of source position errors, which shows that the tolerance of the source position error can be ±0.3 mm for up and down cases, and 0.2 mm for backward moving.
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Sheng, Teng-Yu, and 鄧育昇. "Optimization Design of LED Streetlamp with the application of Free-form Lens." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vx32uy.

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碩士
國立中央大學
光電科學與工程學系
104
When applied outdoors, LEDs give a Lambertian distribution of luminance which can result in a harsh divergence of brightness. In order to prevent the heterogeneous luminance patterns and minimize the light pollution whilst maintaining the quality of roadway lighting, software TracePro is incorporated in this study to create an initial model of asymmetrical secondary optical lens. Since the objective of this research is to comply with “the regulations of LED street light technology in Taiwan”, the built-in optimizer of the software is utilized to maximize the ratio of pole distance/pole height to 1:4.5. An overall evaluation of this lighting design with software Dialux indicates that the average of illumination is above 15lux and the uniformity is above 0.33 which meet the standard requirements of roadway lighting.
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Yen, Cho-Jung, and 顏佐融. "Iterative Design of Free-Form Collimating Lens for Natural Light Illumination System." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97486041438466854879.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
電子工程系
104
Nowadays, global warming has become a major issue. Reducing the consumption of fossil fuel and saving energy were the top priorities. In response to the energy crisis, renewable energy has been widely taken as other energy options. Solar energy is one of the most essential and abundant energy. If we can collect and transmit natural light into buildings without opto-electronic conversion, that will save energy and provide healthier light into our daily life. Therefore, our team designed a series of products known as Natural Light Illumination System (NLIS). In developing the high-quality NLIS, our primary concern was to increase the efficiency of the system. When the concentrators in daylight system collects sunlight, the light transmits through light pipe or fiber to any room you want. However, the efficiency decreases dramatically as the number of concentrator increases, due to the interconnection parts which encounter huge loss. In this paper, we present a free-form collimator applied to the outputs of LightBricks. The collimator is composed of different microlenses, which are derived from geometric optics, and include free-form refractive surfaces and total internal reflective surfaces. By mesh generation method, we successfully compress the collimator’s volume and the computer simulation results show that a ratio of luminous flux within ±25° and the total flux within ±90° on the collimator's output has a dramatically decrease, and the collimator with the best performance has a ratio of luminous flux within ±1° and the total flux within ±90° at 79%. Also it has an optical efficiency of 64%.
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Liao, Wei-Hung, and 廖偉宏. "Free-form contact lens design and its application to human information input device." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61303185528719762631.

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碩士
國立交通大學
顯示科技研究所
99
Traditional mechanistic input device of human machine interface is widely used in life. Since the mechanism has a limit size for user controlling, the system size can’t be reduced effectively. The wastage also is high when it’s used frequently. But the optical device, a new kind of device, is compact, sensitive and durable than mechanical one. Therefore, the optical input device is popular and everywhere now. In this thesis, we provided a simple optical device that is compact and useful for mobile device. We offer a touch optical input device; it captures the information from the surface of contacting object or skin. The information will be transferred to electric signal for controlling the device. The device combines two free-form lens, which the free-from lens can fold the optical axis and, therefore, the system size will be reduced. Compact system and touch control is fit to mobile device application. We will show a complete design flow in this thesis. First, we use paraxial optics to do an approximation computing for this image system. Then the optical design software helps us to modify and optimize the system. Finally, we also use the software to analysis the preliminary tolerance of this design. This step offers a concept of the accuracy on manufacture of this design. According to the tolerance analysis, this design needs high accuracy on some parts; hence the manufacturing threshold is higher. But it’s a possible design on realize.
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Wen-Hsiang, Lai, and 賴文祥. "The Design Of Free-Form Singlet Lens For High Efficiency LED-Based Headlamp." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88315520372979111480.

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碩士
明道大學
光電暨能源工程學系碩士班
100
The purpose of this study is to design a free-form surface LED-based headlamp lens, which satisfied “ECE R112 low-beam shape” and illuminance legal requirement. The design is mainly focused on the LED secondary optical design, which covers the refraction, reflection and total internal reflection in-side the singlet lens. The thesis also addressed how the free-form surface is used in this headlamp lens design. Use only a 10-watt 1050 lumen high-power LED. After the Light Tools software simulation, the design has reached the ECE-R112 legal reguirements. The overall optical efficiently is 60%. Finally the lens has been tested which show the performance has matched the light patent only remove some unwanted light at zone Ⅲneed to be removed.
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Books on the topic "Free-form lens"

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Lustig, Doreen. Veiled Power. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822097.001.0001.

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This book presents a historical study of the international law of the private business corporation. The literature on corporations and international law typically concentrates on the failure to regulate corporations. This book challenges this ‘failure’ narrative and presents an alternative historical reading: a history of its facilitative role in constituting an economic order. This study draws inspiration from scholarship on the history of international trade law, international investment law, the history of global governance, and political economic analysis of international law, and connects these specialized fields in a single lens: the corporate form. The point of departure for this history is the simultaneous emergence of international law as a modern legal discipline and the turn to free incorporation in corporate law during the last third of the nineteenth century. The book demonstrates how the sovereign veil of the state and the corporate veil of the company were applied in tandem to insulate corporations from responsibility. Nevertheless, less powerful states invoked the same prevailing conceptions of the corporation, the sovereign state, and the relation between them, to curtail corporate power in struggles associated with decolonization. Reacting to these early victories, capital exporting countries shifted to a vocabulary of human rights and protected companies under a new regime of international investment law, which entrenched the separation between market and politics.
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Sharma, Mukul. Caste and Nature. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199477562.001.0001.

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Rarely do Indian environmental discourses examine nature through the lens of caste. Whereas nature is considered as universal and inherent, caste is understood as a constructed historical and social entity. Mukul Sharma shows how caste and nature are intimately connected. He compares Dalit meanings of environment to ideas and practices of neo-Brahmanism and certain mainstreams of environmental thought. Showing how Dalit experiences of environment are ridden with metaphors of pollution, impurity, and dirt, the author is able to bring forth new dimensions on both environment and Dalits, without valourizing the latter’s standpoint. Rather than looking for a coherent understanding of their ecology, the book explores the diverse and rich intellectual resources of Dalits, such as movements, songs, myths, memories, and metaphors around nature. These reveal their quest to define themselves in caste-ridden nature and building a form of environmentalism free from the burdens of caste. The Dalits also pose a critical challenge to Indian environmentalism, which has, until now, marginalized such linkages between caste and nature.
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Singh, Anushka. Sedition in Liberal Democracies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199481699.001.0001.

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Liberal democracies claim to give constitutional and legal protection of varying degrees to the right to free speech of which political speech and the right to dissent are extensions. Within the right to freedom of expression, however, some category of speeches do not enjoy protection as they are believed to be ‘injurious’ to society. One such unprotected form of political speech is sedition which is criminalized for the repercussions it may have on the authority of the government and the state. The cases registered in India in recent months under the law against sedition show that the law in its wide and diverse deployment was used against agitators in a community-based pro-reservation movement, a group of university students for their alleged ‘anti-national’ statements, anti-liquor activists, to name a few. Set against its contemporary use, this book has used sedition as a lens to probe the fate of political speech in liberal democracies. The work is done in a comparative framework keeping the Indian experience as its focus, bringing in inferences from England, USA, and Australia to intervene and contribute to the debates on the concept of sedition within liberal democracies at large. On the basis of an analytical enquiry into the judicial discourse around sedition, the text of the sedition laws, their political uses, their quotidian existence, and their entanglement with the counter-terror legislations, the book theorizes upon the life of the law within liberal democracies.
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Eastwood, John, Cathy Corbishley, and John Grange. Mycobacterial infections. Edited by Vivekanand Jha. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0196.

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The genus Mycobacterium contains over a hundred species including the M. tuberculosis complex and M. leprae, the causative agents of, respectively, tuberculosis and leprosy. The many other species are environmental saprophytes, present particularly in free and piped water sources, and some species are causes of opportunist disease in humans, especially in those who are immune compromised.The genitourinary tract is a common site of both primary and post-primary tuberculosis. In most cases of renal tuberculosis there are gross lesions consisting of caseating granulomas from which tubercle bacilli enter the urinary tract, often with the development of secondary lesions in the ureters, bladder, epididymis, and testis. Tuberculous interstitial nephritis is a less common condition with an insidious course and may result in renal failure. The urine is often negative for tubercle bacilli, emphasizing the need for biopsy in those with renal insufficiency.The risk of developing pulmonary or disseminated tuberculosis after infection is greatly enhanced by any form of immune compromise including renal failure and post-renal transplant immunosuppression.
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Lunn-Rockliffe, Katherine. French Romantic Poetry. Edited by Paul Hamilton. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696383.013.7.

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French Romantic poetry marked a dramatic break with a national tradition of verse which had been inherited almost unaltered from the seventeenth century. During the eighteenth century, the neo-classical conception of poetry as a rule-governed and highly stylized art had continued to prevail; verse was characterized by a solemn tone and narrow lexis, and there was a rigid distinction between poetic genres. Whereas Romantic poetry in England and Germany seemed already to allow the imagination free reign, in France poets needed first to reject these neo-classical conventions. Victor Hugo declared in the preface to hisOdes et balladesof 1822 that ‘La poésie n’est pas dans la forme des idées, mais dans les idées elles-mêmes’ (poetry lies not in the form of ideas but in the ideas themselves), and the French Romantic poets were all in different ways engaged in reshaping the forms of poetry to suit their individual purposes.
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Beaurepaire, Pierre‐Yves. Sociability. Edited by William Doyle. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199291205.013.0022.

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The last century of the Ancien Régime brought new departures in sociability, akin to those in the circulation of free, direct, and useful information. Contemporaries sought to create frameworks for association less subject to the obligations required by the authorized sociability of rulers or the church. They still sought protection, for it vouchsafed autonomy in exchange for tribute paid in published form to the glory and generosity of the protector through dedications or other marks of honour, but the emphasis was on the principle of voluntary belonging. This meant that statutes and rules did not come from outside, as in a charter, but rather were planned, elaborated, and adopted from within. The members accepted them voluntarily: nobody had imposed them. This principle of individuals voluntarily joining a group marked a fundamental break from traditional sociability, but it kept within continuity in observing the rules and distinctions of the Ancien Régime, as was shown in the artificial equality of interpersonal relations found in the salons, and the respect given to outside titles and qualities within masonic lodges.
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Regnerus, Mark. The Future of Christian Marriage. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190064938.001.0001.

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Marriage has come a long way since biblical times: Women are no longer thought of as property, and practices like polygamy have long been rejected. The world is wealthier and healthier, and people are more able to find and form relationships than ever. So why are Christian congregations doing more burying than marrying today? Explanations for the wide recession in marriage range from the mathematical—more women in church than men—to the economic, and from cheap sex to progressive politics. But perhaps marriage hasn’t really changed at all; instead, there is simply less interest in marriage in an era marked by technology, gender equality, and secularization. This is a book about how today’s Christians find a mate within a faith that esteems marriage but a world that increasingly yawns at it, and it draws on in-depth interviews with nearly two hundred young adult Christians from the United States, Mexico, Spain, Poland, Russia, Lebanon, and Nigeria, in order to understand the state of matrimony in global Christian circles today. Marriage for nearly everyone has become less of a foundation for a couple to build upon and more of a capstone. Christians are exhibiting flexibility over sex roles but are hardly gender revolutionaries. Meeting increasingly high expectations of marriage is difficult, though, in a free market whose logic reaches deep into the home today, and the results are endemic uncertainty, slowing relationship maturation, and stalling marriage. But plenty of Christians innovate, resist, and wed, suggesting the future of marriage will be a religious one.
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Columb, Malachy O. Local anaesthetic agents. Edited by Michel M. R. F. Struys. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642045.003.0017.

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Local anaesthetic agents cause a pharmacologically induced reversible neuropathy characterized by axonal conduction blockade. They act by blocking the sodium ionophore and exhibit membrane stabilizing activity by inhibiting initiation and propagation of action potentials. They are weak bases consisting of three components: a lipophilic aromatic ring, a link, and a hydrophilic amine. The chemical link classifies them as esters or amides. Local anaesthetics diffuse through the axolemma as unionized free-base and block the ionophore in the quaternary ammonium ionized form. The speed of onset of block is therefore dependent on the pKa of the agent and the ambient tissue pH. Esters undergo hydrolysis by plasma esterases and amides are metabolized by hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidases. Local anaesthetics are bound in the blood to α‎1-acid glycoproteins. Pharmacological potency is dependent on the lipid solubility of the drug as is the potential for systemic toxicity. The blood concentrations required to cause cardiovascular system (CVS) collapse and early central nervous system (CNS) toxicity are used to quantify the CVS:CNS toxicity ratio. Local anaesthetics also have the potential to induce direct neuronal damage. Intravenous lipid emulsion is used for the treatment of systemic toxicity but the scientific evidence is inconsistent. With regard to the pipecoloxylidine local anaesthetics, early evidence indicated that the S- was less toxic than the R-enantiomer. However, clinical research using minimum local analgesic concentration designs suggests that reduced systemic toxicity and motor block sparing is mainly explained by potency rather than enantiomerism.
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Atkins, Peter. Reactions. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199695126.001.0001.

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Illustrated with remarkable new full-color images--indeed, one or more on every page--and written by one of the world's leading authorities on the subject, Reactions offers a compact, pain-free tour of the inner workings of chemistry. Reactions begins with the chemical formula almost everyone knows--the formula for water, H2O--a molecule with an "almost laughably simple chemical composition." But Atkins shows that water is also rather miraculous--it is the only substance whose solid form is less dense than its liquid (hence ice floats in water)--and incredibly central to many chemical reactions, as it is an excellent solvent, being able to dissolve gases and many solids. Moreover, Atkins tells us that water is actually chemically aggressive, and can react with and destroy the compounds dissolved in it, and he shows us what happens at the molecular level when water turns to ice--and when it melts. Moving beyond water, Atkins slowly builds up a toolkit of basic chemical processes, including precipitation (perhaps the simplest of all chemical reactions), combustion, reduction, corrosion, electrolysis, and catalysis. He then shows how these fundamental tools can be brought together in more complex processes such as photosynthesis, radical polymerization, vision, enzyme control, and synthesis. Peter Atkins is the world-renowned author of numerous best-selling chemistry textbooks for students. In this crystal-clear, attractively illustrated, and insightful volume, he provides a fantastic introductory tour--in just a few hundred colorful and lively pages - for anyone with a passing or serious interest in chemistry.
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Book chapters on the topic "Free-form lens"

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Przerwa, Karolina, Włodzimierz Kasprzak, and Maciej Stefańczyk. "Infrared Image-Based 3D Surface Reconstruction of Free-Form Texture-Less Objects." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 809–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26227-7_76.

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Dilworth, Donald C. "Designing a free-form mirror system." In Lens Design (Second Edition). IOP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/978-0-7503-3695-6ch43.

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Hamilton, Patricia. "Conclusion." In Black Mothers and Attachment Parenting, 169–84. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529207934.003.0010.

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This chapter reviews attachment parenting (AP) through the lens of black mothers' experiences and draws attention to the philosophy's place in neoliberal parenting culture. It highlights how ideas about good parenting deploy or elide race, class, and gender at different moments and for different, sometimes contradictory, purposes. It also talks about ideologies of good parenting that intend to be free of gender, class, and race but identify women as uniquely responsible for children's wellbeing. The chapter explains how AP offers a unique constellation of raced, classed and gendered effects as it draws from monolithic 'primitive' cultures and rests on a taken-for-granted family form in which mothers are financially supported to stay at home. It recounts the narratives of the black women that demand an analysis of parenting that addresses the differential effects of racism and unequal access to resources.
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Bibikas, Dimitris, Iraklis Paraskakis, Alexandros G. Psychogios, and Ana C. Vasconcelos. "The Potential of Enterprise Social Software in Integrating Exploitative and Explorative Knowledge Strategies." In Social Computing, 1661–73. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-984-7.ch107.

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The aim of this chapter is to investigate the potential role of social software inside business settings in integrating knowledge exploitation and knowledge exploration strategies. These strategies are approached through the lens of dynamic capabilities, organisational learning and knowledge lifecycle models. The authors argue that while current enterprise Information Technology (IT) systems focus more on knowledge lifecycle processes concerning the distribution and application of knowledge, enterprise social software can support knowledge exploration strategies and leverage knowledge creation and validation procedures. We present secondary data from the utilisation of enterprise social computing tools inside two companies for that matter. The first case illustrates how social computing tools were deployed in an international bank, and the other presents the employment of these technologies in an international broadcasting company. The authors suggest that free-form and pre-defined structures can co-exist in bounded organisational environments, in which knowledge exploitation and knowledge exploration strategies can harmonically interact. This chapter concludes with some managerial implications and future research avenues.
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Solymar, Laszlo. "Digitalization." In Getting the Message, 199–210. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198863007.003.0011.

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Digital electronics (based on signals in the form of pulses) turned out to be superior to analogue electronics which produced the exact waveforms. The emergence of digital techniques reduced noise and at the same time was less demanding of bandwidth. Pulse code modulation was introduced and became the dominant form of modulation. The operation of digital exchanges is explained. Their growth is plotted as a function of time for the decade 1987–97. Digital signal processing is discussed. Shannon’s theory predicting that a certain amount of information can be transmitted entirely free of noise is discussed.
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Racz, Gregary J. "La vida es sueño en forma analógica Teoría, metodología y recepción de la traducción a contrapelo." In Biblioteca di Rassegna iberistica. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-490-5/024.

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Since at least the 1990s, Translation Studies theorists have advocated greater respect for alterity in literary translation. With the advent of Naturalist theatre and, later, the predominance of free-verse poetry in the 20th century, renderings of both poetry and verse drama in the English-speaking world have favoured assimilation with target-culture values. “Organic form”, described by James S. Holmes as the methodology with which a translator renders a source text primarily for its meaning, has been the prevalent strategy for translating works such as Spanish Golden Age dramas for approximately a century now. A return to the methodology of “analogical form”, with which a translator seeks to render the source text using correlatives to its form and function in the source culture, would do much to recognise the Other by avoiding both de-historicisation and de-poeticisation through less domesticated target texts. Examples of these competing methodologies will be examined in a few American translations of Pedro Calderón de la Barca’s La vida es sueño.
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Cassaniti, Julia. "Return to Baseline." In Our Most Troubling Madness. University of California Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520291089.003.0012.

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Ta is a school teacher living in Bangkok. She suffered episodes of debilitating psychosis during which she is so completely caught in an evil spirit world that she cannot interact with other persons or even take care of herself in basic ways. However, what was remarkable is that between episodes, she is completely free of any symptoms of schizophrenia. Over the course of ten years, Ta’s lucid periods have become less lucid and her episodes of “spirit sickness”—as she calls them—less separate from reality. This development has allowed Ta more control over her hallucinatory experiences. Now, she can sometimes force demonic spirits to go away, or summon beneficent spirits to help herself or others. The chapter illustrates a form of psychosis that appears to be more common outside of western settings.
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Andrason, Alexander. "Verb Second in Wymysorys." In Rethinking Verb Second, 700–722. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198844303.003.0030.

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Wymysorys is a minority language spoken in the town of Wilamowice in southern Poland. Even though Wymysorys is classified as a West-Germanic language, its phonetics, lexicon, and core grammar—morphology or syntax—exhibit various Slavonic characteristics. This chapter discusses phenomena related to V2 word order in Wymysorys. It is argued that Wymysorys enables its speakers to operate between two word order systems that represent two forces driving the grammar of this language: Germanic and Slavonic. The Germanic system is relatively rigid and allows for the V2 order to exist in its canonical form. The Slavonic system, in contrast, is relatively free, albeit less so than in canonical free-word-order languages. In that system, which has probably emerged due to contact with Polish, the V2 rule does not operate. Wymysorys speakers may draw on the Germanic and Slavonic systems, mixing them by increasing or decreasing the features that are characteristic of one of the two.
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Bates, Charlotte. "Exercise." In Vital Bodies, 21–34. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447335047.003.0003.

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The second chapter, Exercise, considers the rhythm of our bodies in motion and the complicated relationships between exercise and illness, as both a necessity and a joy. Like eating, the significance of exercise is redefined by illness, and the body is maintained, challenged, and re-known through it. Exercise regimes can provide control, treatment and an alternative form of medication so that through physical activity bodies feel strong, independent, and free in spite of illness. But ill bodies are prone to overexertion, and exercise can reinforce their dependence and vulnerability as well as their strength. For Anna, who has depression, exercise has become a form of self-medication. Running and cycling regularly make her feel less depressed, so she tries to be physically active at least four times a week. Disruption to this routine can cause her mood to plummet quickly, showing the dependence that she has on her body.
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Tsygankov, Andrei P. "Conclusion." In The Dark Double, 97–110. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190919337.003.0006.

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The conclusion summarizes the argument and assesses potential for future cultural conflicts in world politics. Cultural and political divides come from different sources, but in times of acute interstate competition culture and politics tend to reinforce each other, exacerbating international tensions. Future competition for values is not likely to take the form of a new Cold War yet the intense rivalry for power and rules means a continuous culture wars in world politics. Russia is not doomed to be the United States’ Dark Double. US-Russia relations may gradually become less dependent on presenting each other as potential ideological threats if the two nations learn to reframe bilateral relations in value-free terms.
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Conference papers on the topic "Free-form lens"

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Chen, Yu-Da, Yi-Hsien Chen, Wei-Yao Hsu, and Guo-Dung Su. "Free-form lens for laser level system." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Andrew Forbes and Todd E. Lizotte. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.826784.

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Sun, Liwei, Shangzhong Jin, and Songyuan Cen. "Free-form Micro-lens for LED General Illumination." In Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acp.2009.wh3.

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Huang, Kuang-Lung, Jin-Jia Chen, Te-Yuan Wang, and Li-Lin Huang. "Free-form lens design for LED indoor illumination." In Photonics Asia 2010, edited by Gang Yu and Yanbing Hou. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.870647.

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Li, Quansheng, Ye Cheng, Dong Tang, Bopeng Zhang, and Fuzhi Cai. "Computer-controlled fabrication of free-form glass lens." In SPIE's International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by H. Philip Stahl. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.369185.

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Quintavalla, M., J. Mocci, R. Muradore, and R. S. Bonora. "Comparison of adaptive free form lens with deformable mirrors." In Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cosi.2019.jw2a.38.

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Yu, Guiying, Shushu Ding, Ji Jin, and Tiantai Guo. "A free-form total internal reflection (TIR) lens for illumination." In Seventh International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurements and Instrumentation, edited by Kuang-Chao Fan, Man Song, and Rong-Sheng Lu. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.903939.

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Bizjak, Tanja, Thomas Mitra, and Lutz Aschke. "Inspection and metrology tools benefit from free-form refractive micro-lens and micro-lens arrays." In SPIE Advanced Lithography, edited by John A. Allgair and Christopher J. Raymond. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.814264.

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Yang, Bo, Kan Lu, Wei Zhang, and Fujian Dai. "Design of a free-form lens system for short distance projection." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by R. Barry Johnson, Virendra N. Mahajan, and Simon Thibault. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.897111.

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Feng, Zhijing, Hongzhong Wu, Zhenyu Guo, Guangmu Zhao, and Yunxiang Zhang. "Fabrication of a free-form lens with computer-controlled optical surfacing." In International Topical Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technology, edited by Li Yang, Harvey M. Pollicove, Qiming Xin, and James C. Wyant. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.402792.

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Duerr, Fabian, Pablo Benítez, Juan Carlos Miñano, Youri Meuret, and Hugo Thienpont. "Analytic free-form lens design for tracking integration in concentrating photovoltaics." In SPIE Optical Systems Design, edited by Laurent Mazuray, Rolf Wartmann, Andrew P. Wood, Marta C. de la Fuente, Jean-Luc M. Tissot, Jeffrey M. Raynor, Tina E. Kidger, et al. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.980896.

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Reports on the topic "Free-form lens"

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Keicher, D. M., J. A. Romero, C. L. Atwood, M. L. Griffith, F. P. Jeantette, L. D. Harwell, D. L. Greene, and J. E. Smugeresky. Free form fabrication using the laser engineered net shaping (LENS{trademark}) process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/425303.

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Carrasco, Alex, and David Florián Hoyle. External Shocks and FX Intervention Policy in Emerging Economies. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003457.

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This paper discusses the role of sterilized foreign exchange (FX) interventions as a monetary policy instrument for emerging market economies in response to external shocks. We develop a model for a commodity-exporting small open economy in which FX intervention is considered as a balance sheet policy induced by a financial friction in the form of an agency problem between banks and their creditors. The severity of banks agency problem depends directly on a bank-level measure of currency mismatch. Endogenous deviations from the standard UIP condition arise at equilibrium. In this context, FX interventions moderate the response of financial and macroeconomic variables to external shocks by leaning against the wind with respect to real exchange rate pressures. Our quantitative results indicate that, conditional on external shocks, the FX intervention policy successfully reduces credit, investment, and output volatility, along with substantial welfare gains when compared to a free-floating exchange rate regime. Finally, we explore distinct generalizations of the model that eliminate the presence of endogenous UIP deviations. In those cases, FX intervention operations are considerably less effective for the aggregate equilibrium.
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Wurl, Oliver. Biofilm-like habitat at the sea-surface: A mesocosm study, Cruise No. POS537, 14.09.2019 – 04.10.2019, Malaga (Spain) – Cartagena (Spain) - BIOFILM. University of Oldenburg, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_pos537.

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OceanRep OceanRep Startseite Kontakt Schnellsuche Einfache Suche Erweiterte Suche Blättern Autor Forschungsbereich Publikationsart Jahr Studiengang Neuzugänge Artikel – begutachtet Alle Über uns GEOMAR Bibliothek Open Access Policies Grundsätze Hilfe FAQs Statistik Impressum Biofilm-like habitat at the sea-surface: A mesocosm study, Cruise No. POS537, 14.09.2019 – 04.10.2019, Malaga (Spain) – Cartagena (Spain) - BIOFILM . Logged in as Heidi Düpow Einträge verwaltenManage recordsManage shelvesProfilGespeicherte SuchenBegutachtungAdminLogout - Tools Wurl, Oliver, Mustaffa, Nur Ili Hamizah, Robinson, Tiera-Brandy, Hoppe, Jennifer, Jaeger, Leonie, Striebel, Maren, Heinrichs, Anna-Lena, Hennings, Laura Margarethe, Goncalves, Rodrigo, Ruiz Gazulla, Carlota und Ferrera, Isabel (2020) Biofilm-like habitat at the sea-surface: A mesocosm study, Cruise No. POS537, 14.09.2019 – 04.10.2019, Malaga (Spain) – Cartagena (Spain) - BIOFILM . Open Access . POSEIDON Berichte . University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 35 pp. [img] Text Cruise_Reports_POS537_final.pdf - publizierte Version Available under License Creative Commons: Attribution 4.0. Download (2417Kb) | Vorschau Abstract Biofilm-like properties can form on sea surfaces, but an understanding of the underlying processes leading to the development of these biofilms is not available. We used approaches to study the development of biofilm-like properties at the sea surface, i.e. the number, abundance and diversity of bacterial communities and phytoplankton, the accumulation of gel-like particles and dissolved tracers. During the expedition POS537 we used newly developed and free drifting mesocosms and performed incubation experiments. With these approaches we aim to investigate the role of light and UV radiation as well as the microbes themselves, which lead to the formation of biofilms. With unique microbial interactions and photochemical reactions, sea surface biofilms could be biochemical reactors with significant implications for ocean and climate research, e.g. with respect to the marine carbon cycle, diversity of organisms and oceanatmosphere interactions.
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