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Journal articles on the topic 'Free grammatical morphemes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Caselli, M. Cristina, Laurence B. Leonard, Virginia Volterra, and M. Grazia Campagnoli. "Toward mastery of Italian morphology: a cross-sectional study." Journal of Child Language 20, no. 2 (1993): 377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900008333.

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ABSTRACTThe use of Italian morphology was examined in 34 children ranging in age from 2;6 to 5;0. By the age of 3;6–4;0, high percentages of use in obligatory contexts were seen for a number of grammatical morphemes. Children age 2;6–3;0 showed percentages of use that were somewhat lower than those seen for the older children. In this age range, singular forms were used with higher percentages in obligatory contexts than plural forms, for several different types of grammatical morphemes. Greater control over singular forms in these younger children was corroborated by data from a comprehension

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Tariq, Tahir Rasool, Misbah Abida Rana, Babar Sultan, Muhammad Asif, Nida Rafique, and Shehzad Aleem. "An Analysis of Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes." International Journal of Linguistics 12, no. 1 (2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v12i1.16084.

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This study highlights the analysis of Pakistani students for Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes at intermediate level. Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes are the elements which explores the field of morphology for daily language users. Morphology is the study of “morphemes”. Morphemes are the smallest units of language that have described into two categories as free and bound morphemes. The main issue that exists in this study is to analyze the derivational and inflectional morphemes used by Pakistani students. Through the perceptions and understanding of inflectional and derivationa

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Nemo, François, and Binène Horchani. "Accounting for transcategorial morphemes." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 5, no. 1 (2018): 77–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00014.nem.

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Abstract The article presents a morphemic account of transcategoriality, with detailed illustrations (e.g. English but and even, French encore, tout, meme, Latin to French morpheme /tant/) of the approach. After making explicit the paradigmatic differences between exoskeletal and endoskeletal approaches, and showing that ultimately it can be summarized in terms of existence or not of grammar-free morphemes becoming lexemes through grammatical and contextual insertion, it turns to the issue of knowing what an exoskeletal non-categorial meaning can be. It introduces at this stage the notion of f

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Shangrela, V. Genon-Sieras. "Affixations and Allomorphs in Verbs and Nouns in a Research Abstract: A Morphemic and Morphophonemic Analysis." International Journal of English Language Studies 2, no. 2 (2020): 14–22. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3970527.

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This study aims to analyze and describe the morphemic and phonemic structures of verbs and nouns in a research abstract as source of data. The morphemic structure analysis focuses on the free-bound morphemic affixations of English verbs and nouns while the morphophonemic analysis focuses on the allomorph variations of the inflectional morphemes in English verbs and nouns. Findings of the study reveal that majority of the verbs used in the research abstract have inflectional type of affixations where a bound morpheme is added to the stem as suffix. These morphemes mark tense and number of verbs

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Taib, Alokozay, and Mohammad Usman Solizay. "Morphological and Semantical Effects of Phonemes on Pashto Lexical Structures." Sprin Multidisciplinary Journal in Pashto, Persian & English 1, no. 02 (2023): 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.55559/smjppe.v1i02.200.

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Phonemes and segments are the key elements in the structure of Pashto words, playing an important role similar to other languages worldwide. Through the combination and arrangement of these segments, numerous morphemes and diverse words are generated. When assigning a vowel or consonant to the origin or base form of a word, it leads to the creation of new words and constructions that possess different forms, meanings, and belong to various grammatical categories. Structurally, at least one, two, three, or a maximum of four bound morphemes in the form of segments or phonemes could be added to t

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Halawa, Amosi. "An Analysis Of Derivational And Inflectional English Morphemes." Jurnal Ilmiah Langue and Parole 1, no. 1 (2017): 132–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36057/jilp.v1i1.13.

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derivation and inflection Morpheme is one of the elements present in the field of morphology. Where the morphology is the study of morphemes, and morphemes are elements of language that have the meaning of the free element and bound elements. The problems that exist in this research is to analyze the morpheme of derivation and inflection contained in Jakarta Post. By understanding the derivation and morpheme inflection it can easily develop vocabulary, from one word can gain many meanings This research is a type of research belonging to linguistic field. The research also used qualitativ

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Paul, Rhea, and Sally Alforde. "Grammatical Morpheme Acquisition in 4-Year-Olds With Normal, Impaired, and Late-Developing Language." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 36, no. 6 (1993): 1271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3606.1271.

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The production of the grammatical morphemes studied by Brown and his colleagues was examined in free speech samples from a cohort of 4-year-olds with a history of slow expressive language development (SELD) and a control group of normal speakers. Results suggest that children with SELD acquire morphemes in an order very similar to that shown in previous acquisition research. Children who were slow to begin talking at age 2 and who continued to evidence delayed expressive language development by age 4 showed mastery of the four earliest acquired grammatical morphemes, as would be expected, base

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Siegel, Jeff. "The role of substrate transfer in the development of grammatical morphology in language contact varieties." Word Structure 8, no. 2 (2015): 160–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2015.0080.

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This article shows how the psycholinguistic process of language transfer accounts for the many features of the grammatical morphology of language contact varieties that differ from those of their lexifiers. These include different grammatical categories, the use of contrasting morphological processes to express grammatical distinctions, lexifier grammatical morphemes with new functions, and new grammatical morphemes not found in the lexifier. After an introductory description of the general notion of language transfer, it presents five more specific types: transfer of morphological strategies,

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Л. П., Юздова. "МЕТОДИКА ОБУЧЕНИЯ УЧАЩИХСЯ ОСНОВНОЙ ШКОЛЫ МОРФЕМНОМУ АНАЛИЗУ ЛЕКСЕМЫ НА УРОКАХ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА". Журнал "Вестник Челябинского государственного педагогического университета", № 6 (19 жовтня 2018): 213–22. https://doi.org/10.25588/cspu.2018.74..6..016.

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Введение. В статье рассматривается методика проведения грамматического разбора - морфемного анализа лексемы. Грамматический разбор - вид анализа языковых единиц, среди которых одним из самых трудных и значимых является разбор слов по составу (морфемный анализ). Значимость морфемного анализа обусловлена тем, что для применения многих орфографических норм необходим навык разбора слов по составу. При осуществлении морфемного анализа, или разбора слова по составу с целью предотвращения ошибок необходимо придерживаться определенной методики. Материалы и методы. Основными методами и приемами изучени

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Ikrimah and Maria Arina Luardini. "Morpheme Analysis in the Hotel’s Greeting Card in Surabaya." JOSAR (Journal of Students Academic Research) 9, no. 1 (2024): 138–47. https://doi.org/10.35457/josar.v9i1.3214.

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Morphemes, being the most fundamental meaningful grammatical entities within a language, play a significant role in enhancing the intricacy and depth of linguistic communication. Consequently, the analysis of morphemes serves as an indispensable instrument employed by linguists to deconstruct and comprehend these expressions, thereby offering valuable insights into the underlying structure, semantics, and cultural subtleties inherent in our communicative endeavors. The analysis of morphemes holds significance as it facilitates comprehension of the organization and semantics of words. Through t

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Quebec, Jett C. "Morphologic Segmentation Linearity in Jose Garcia Villa's PROEM." JETAL: Journal of English Teaching & Applied Linguistic 3, no. 2 (2022): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36655/jetal.v3i2.656.

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Morphology is the study of the intertwined relationship of morphemes, or what we commonly refer to as "words.". Analysis of words enables us to experience how to break apart unfamiliar words in order to understand their overall meanings. It aids us in understanding how prefixes and suffixes can change a word's meaning and how much of our language is constructed. This paper aims to analyze morphologically the textuality of the poem Proem by Jose Garcia Villa by describing the segmentation of the content and function words in the textuality of the poem PROEM focusing on the affixation structurat

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Neu, Eva. "Variation and gradience in non-standard Turkish affix ordering." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 10, no. 1 (2025): 5922. https://doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v10i1.5922.

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Semantically vacuous affix order variation is a cross-linguistically rare phenomenon that promises to shed light on the principles underlying affix order in general. This paper discusses a case of free affix order in Turkish: if a verb contains more than one TAM morpheme, any or all of them can be followed by an agreement morpheme. I seek to determine which factors influence the acceptability of a given order for a given set of morphemes by collecting new data from 19 native speaker consultants. The results reveal a sharp bifurcation between some orderings that are perceived as categorically g

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Rugaiyah, Rugaiyah. "Derivational and Inflectional Morphemes: A Morphological Analisis." J-SHMIC : Journal of English for Academic 5, no. 2 (2018): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jshmic.2018.vol5(2).1887.

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This study was intended to describe the category of inflectional and derivational morphemes found in Reading Texts of 2013 Curriculum English Textbook for the X Grade of Senior High Schools Published by Ministry of Education and Culture. Morpheme is used to refer to the smallest unit that has meaning or serves a grammatical function in a language. The morphemes which can meaningfully stand alone are called free morphemes while the morphemes such as –er and –s, which cannot meaningfully stand alone are called bound morphemes. The design of this study was descriptive qualitative. The results of

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Pulvermüller, Friedemann. "Agrammatism: Behavioral Description and Neurobiological Explanation." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 7, no. 2 (1995): 165–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1995.7.2.165.

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Subjects with brain damage resulting in agrammatic aphasia frequently omit or substitute function items (function words and inflectional affixes). However, they show only mild deficits in using meaningful content words. Agrammatics' performance on comprehension tests reveals a rather complex pattern. They usually understand active sentences correctly, but perform on chance level on passives. The same contrast is observed for more complex sentence types, such as subject vs. object clefts or relatives. This complex comprehension pattern suggests that agrammatism is a syntactic disturbance that s

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Salmani, Masoomeh, Sepideh Seyed, Sara Moradi, Zohreh Shirkavand, Sahar Sadati3, and Maryam Alsadat Tabatabyi. "Production of Persian Inflectional Morphemes, Phrase & Clause Structures Based on P-LARSP: A Comparison of Children With Moderately Severe hearing Loss & Children With Normal Hearing." Journal of Rehabilitation 22, no. 4 (2022): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/rj.22.4.3307.1.

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Introduction: In spite of all progressions in hearing amplification, hearing screening and intervention, there are still concerns around the language outcomes in children with mild to severe hearing loss. The present study aimed to investigate the performance on production of inflectional morphemes & phrase & clause structures of children with moderately severe hearing loss (MSHL) and compare with those of the children with normal hearing (NH). Materials & Methods: Participants were 88 children with NH, aged 2-5 years old, and 10 children with MSHL, aged 5-6 years old recruited by

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Opina, Eda, Mary Joy Dillera-Prejoles, Rowena Jaber, et al. "Deconstructing Meaning: A Morphological Analysis of Content Words in Edith Tiempo's Poems." Pedagogy Review: An International Journal of Educational Theories, Approaches and Strategies 4, no. 1 (2024): 87–97. https://doi.org/10.62718/vmca.pr-ijetas.4.1.sc-1124-005.

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This study explores how Edith Tiempo constructs meaning in her poetry through morphological linearity. This refers to the arrangement of morphemes, the building blocks of words. Analyzing six poems, it reveals Tiempo's skillful manipulation of free and bound morphemes within content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs). Each poem exemplifies how the poet uses affixation to achieve specific effects and create richness. Employing qualitative research design, with specific utilization of linguistic analytical description focusing on the meticulous examination of the morphological structu

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Leonard, Laurence B. "Functional Categories in the Grammars of Children With Specific Language Impairment." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 38, no. 6 (1995): 1270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3806.1270.

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Children with specific language impairment often show a serious limitation in their use of grammatical morphemes such as verb inflections and free-standing closed-class forms. The purpose of this study was to determine whether such difficulty constitutes a problem with entire functional categories. Examination of the spontaneous speech of a group of 10 English-speaking children with specific language impairment revealed clear evidence of each of the functional categories examined: Determiner, Inflection, and Complementizer. However, relative to younger normally developing children with compara

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Kruhlij, Olena, and Oksana Cherniak. "DISTRIBUTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF COMBINING." Germanic Philology Journal of Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, no. 831-832 (2021): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31861/gph2021.831-832.156-166.

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The article is devoted to the study of distributive characteristics of combining forms in Modern English. The material of the study is words and terms taken from the Modern English dictionaries. A number of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, observation, classification, systematization), as well as purely linguistic methods (method of continuous sampling from lexicographic sources, lexico-semantic analysis, study of vocabulary definitions, contextual interpretation) is applied. The morpheme structure of derivatives with these formants is considered. The positions of

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Nasoichah, Churmatin, Dwi Widayati, and Mulyadi. "JEJAK BAHASA PROTO-AUSTRONESIA PADA PRASASTI GUNUNG TUA (LOKANĀTHA)." Naditira Widya 15, no. 1 (2021): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/nw.v15i1.455.

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The problem of this research is how the PAN traces at the phonological, morphological, and syntactic levels on the Gunung Tua Inscription (Lokanātha). The purpose of this study was to determine the PAN traces at the phonological, morphological, and syntactic levels of the inscription. The method used is descriptive qualitative method. Based on the analysis carried out on that inscription, it is known that at the phonological level there are two words, namely /juru/ 'clever person' and /pāṇḍai/ 'clever, skilled’. The word /juru/ 'clever person' is a loan word from Sanskrit while the word /pāṇḍa

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Ratner, Nan Bernstein, and Brian MacWhinney. "Assessment and Therapy Goal Planning Using Free Computerized Language Analysis Software." Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups 8, no. 1 (2023): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2022_persp-22-00156.

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Background: We discuss a free software system (Computerized Language Analysis [CLAN]) that can enable fast, thorough, and informative language sample analysis (LSA). Method: We describe methods for eliciting, transcribing, analyzing, and interpreting language samples. Using a hypothetical child speaker, we illustrate use KidEval to generate a diagnostic report. Results: Given LSA results suggestive of expressive language delay, we analyze further using CLAN's Developmental Sentence Score and Index of Productive Syntax routines, and outline the child's use of Brown's morphemes. Discussion: This

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Irum, Naz Sodhar, Sulaiman Suriani, and Hafeez Buller Abdul. "Morphology-Assisted Sindhi Text Analysis for Natural Language Processing Applications." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 16, no. 35 (2023): 2894–901. https://doi.org/10.17485/IJST/v16i35.1719.

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Abstract <strong>Objectives:</strong> Understanding word construction and internal structure, especially in the Sindhi language, requires knowledge of the linguistic field known as morphology. In this study, Sindhi morphology is examined with particular attention paid to its structure, function, nature, word categories, and writing system. Natural Language Processing (NLP) relies on morphological analysis to identify words and their grammatical features, enabling applications like spell checkers and machine translation. A comparative analysis is done to comprehend how Sindhi Morphology de

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Hedinger, Robert. "The verb in Akoose." Studies in African Linguistics 16, no. 1 (1985): 1–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v16i1.107507.

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Akoose has a comparatively complex verb morphology for a Bantu language. Underlying forms for the different morphemes making up the verb are proposed, as well as a set of segmental and tonal rules necessary to account for the surface forms. The derivation of certain verb forms is discussed. Verbs have three different forms: and the "dependent non-subject form". The contexts in which these are used are described. This is followed by an overview of the grammatical categories (tense, aspect, mood, negation) present in the verb and the combination of these categories in individual verb forms. Fina

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Abbi, Anvita. "Body divisions in Great Andamanese." Studies in Language 35, no. 4 (2011): 739–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.35.4.01abb.

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Great Andamanese has a dual semantic system for body part categorization: one that is expressed in various terms for concrete body parts and another more abstract one that is expressed in grammaticalized morphemes represented in seven body division possessive classes that classify body part terms based on the area of the body they occupy. These classes also classify other inalienables, with some semantic connection to the body part system. Further, body part semantics pervade the lexical and grammatical system of the language as this dual system is extended to other form classes, viz. verbs, a

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Zingler, Tim. "Reduction without fusion: Grammaticalization and wordhood in Turkish." Folia Linguistica 52, no. 2 (2018): 415–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2018-0011.

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Abstract Despite ample evidence that grammaticalization is accompanied by phonological reduction and ultimately morphological fusion, the latter process is remarkably less common in Turkish – hence its prototypically agglutinating morphology. Since vowel harmony is a means of articulatory reduction, Turkish, as a vowel-harmonic language, therefore shows reduction but (virtually) no fusion. One morphosyntactic consequence of agglutination is that Turkish “suffixes” in many ways continue to behave like free words. To compensate for the resulting lack of clear-cut suffixes, vowel harmony and stre

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Nenonen, Marja, and Esa Penttilä. "Constructional continuity." Mental Lexicon 9, no. 2 (2014): 316–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.9.2.07nen.

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This paper sketches a continuum between lexicon and syntax, with concrete examples from two typologically different languages, Finnish and English. While Finnish is a morphologically rich and relatively transparent synthetic language, full of inflectional and derivational morphology and compounding, English is clearly more analytical making use of particles, prepositions, and other free grammatical morphemes. The contrastive idiom analyses of these two languages offer us a glimpse into the multiplicity involved in idiomaticity and into the cooperation of the lexical and syntactic principles of

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Khoirun Nadia, Irfan Kholid Sofhan, Rintan Amalia Rohar, and Hasan Suaedi. "Analisis Ciri Frasa Endosentris dalam Bahasa Madura pada Koran Madura Satu Hati untuk Bangsa." Atmosfer: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, Budaya, dan Sosial Humaniora 3, no. 2 (2025): 26–38. https://doi.org/10.59024/atmosfer.v3i2.1250.

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This study examines the characteristics of endocentric phrases in the Madurese language as used in the newspaper Madura Satu Hati Untuk Bangsa. The primary focus of the research is to identify the types of endocentric phrases and their formation patterns. This study is significant because the Madurese language, as one of Indonesia's cultural treasures, has unique syntactic characteristics that need to be understood to support its preservation and development. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the research data were collected from news articles, opinion pieces, and other columns in the ne

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Salmani, Masoomeh, Mozhgan Asadi, Seyed Abolfazl Tohidast, Tayebeh Shekariyan, and Faeghe Shah Hoseyni. "A New Persian Version of Language Assessment, Remediation, and Screening Procedure (P-LARSP)." Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 20, no. 4 (2023): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.4.1470.1.

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Objectives: In 1998, the Persian form of Language Assessment, Remediation, & Screening Procedure (P-LARSP) was introduced. However, this adapted version remained on library shelves and was not used by Iranian speech and language pathologists (SLPs). The present study aimed to explore the barriers to using P-LARSP, resolve the possible issues, and provide a preliminary grammatical sketch from typical children aged 2-5. Methods: The study started with two surveys in two different populations to find the possible barriers and then, continued with the cross-cultural adaptation of the LARSP thr

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Agustia, Indra, Dindin Muhammad Zainal Muhyi, and Desti Fatin Fauziyyah. "ANALISIS WACANA TEKSTUAL DAN KONTEKSTUAL NASKAH DRAMA BERJUDUL SARAPAN TERAKHIR KARYA ANDRIAN EKA SAPUTRA." Didaktik : Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD STKIP Subang 8, no. 2 (2022): 1718–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36989/didaktik.v8i2.478.

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Discourse is a complete form of language unit arranged in its entirety so that it becomes a single language unit that contains a theme. There are two types of discourse in drama scripts, namely textual discourse and contextual discourse. This research is a descriptive qualitative research because in this research it tries to collect data based on the literature that is used as analysis material. In textual discourse in grammatical relationships, there are 105 reference data which include personal, demonstrative and comparison references, 20 duplication data including nominal, verbal, phrasal a

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Komang Vio Vandi, I., I. Nyoman Suparwa, and Anak Agung Putu Putra. "Interferensi Bahasa Inggris Ke Dalam Bahasa Indonesia Pada Berita Daring Catch Me Up!: Kajian Sosiolinguistik." ULIL ALBAB : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin 3, no. 1 (2023): 293–307. https://doi.org/10.56799/jim.v3i1.2600.

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This research is titled "English Language Interference into Indonesian Language in Online News: Catch Me Up!: A Sociolinguistic Study." Catch Me Up! is an online news service designed for the Millennial and Generation Z demographics. Numerous instances of English language interference were identified in the use of Indonesian language in Catch Me Up! online news, raising concerns about the potential displacement of standard Indonesian language in news writing. The objectives of this research are (1) to identify the types of English language interference into Indonesian language found in Catch M

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Xiang-ling Dai, John. "Historical Morphologization of Syntactic Words." Diachronica 7, no. 1 (1990): 9–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.7.1.03xia.

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SUMMARY Syntactic and morphological tests demonstrate that bound forms in some disyllabic verbs in Modern Chinese have been diachronically morphologized from independent verbs in Ancient Chinese. The morphologization results not only from sound change, but also from meaning loss or generalization of the targets. Some of the bound forms can be analyzed as derivational affixes, according to their grammatical properties shared with those standard affixes in the language. Thus the diachronic morphologization process can be viewed as starting from a disyllabic coordinate phrase, developing through

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Carlier, Anne. "Sur les premiers stades de développement de l’article partitif." Scolia 18, no. 1 (2004): 117–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/scoli.2004.1061.

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Abstract - This paper deals with the development of the partitive article in French during the XIVth to XVIth century, a period that was crucial for shaping the partitive article as we know it today. My study is based on a comparison of four consecutive translations of a same Latin text, which date from different moments along this period. My data suggest that the partitive structure in Old French conveys the meaning that a contextually determined referent is not globally affected by the verbal action, but only in part. This results in a number of constraints in the use of this structure, that

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DJENNANE, Taoufik, and Fatima Louati. "Challenging the Free Morpheme and the Equivalence Constraints Counter- Evidence from Algerian Arabic/French Code Switching." AL-Lisaniyyat 30, no. 1 (2024): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.61850/allj.v30i1.654.

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Within the structural approach to code switching scholarship, linguists’ focus has always been on intra-sentential switching with the aim to formulate grammatical constraints, which govern switching between two different linguistic systems. This paper considered Arabic/French mixed sentences from a structural standpoint and with reference to the free morpheme constraint and the equivalence constraint. The corpus of the study included eighty-nine intra-sentential switches, extracted from different audio-recordings of eight bilingual students. The findings revealed that Arabic-French switching i

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AIKHENVALD, ALEXANDRA Y. "Mechanisms of change in areal diffusion: new morphology and language contact." Journal of Linguistics 39, no. 1 (2003): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226702001937.

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Borrowing, or diffusion, of grammatical categories in language contact is not a unitary process. In the linguistic area of the Vaupés in northwest Amazonia, several different mechanisms help create new contact-induced morphology. Languages which are in continuous contact belong to the genetically unrelated East-Tucanoan and Arawak families. There is a strong cultural inhibition against borrowing forms of any sort (grammatical or lexical). Language contact in the multilingual Vaupés linguistic area has resulted in the development of similar – though far from identical – grammatical structures.

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Kuhberg, Heinz. "Longitudinal L2-attrition versus L2-acquisition, in three Turkish children- empirical findings." Interlanguage studies bulletin (Utrecht) 8, no. 2 (1992): 138–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765839200800203.

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The attrition of German in two Turkish girls (seven and nine years old), previously resident in Germany, was observed in Turkey. The attrition was compared to the L2-acquisition of German of a Turkish boy aged 11. Attrition did not set in immediately. In the second stage, after six months, slower speech, hesitation and free morpheme code-switching to Turkish due to lexical attrition, particularly in verbs, indicated its onset. Basic grammatic al categories were involved in the third stage. Bound morpheme code- switching became the predominant pattern. Basic syntactic patterns of German were re

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Kusumastuti, Dyah. "THE ANALYSIS OF A SHORT STORY "UNTUK IBU": MICROSTRUCTURAL APPROACH AND PRACTICE OF DISCOURSE." Journal of Languages and Language Teaching 7, no. 1 (2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v7i1.1437.

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This paper aims to describe any cohesion to achieve coherence and the intrinsic elements of a short story titled "Untuk Ibu" (For Mother) by Kusuma Wijayanti on Annida magazine. Discourse analysis is done through the micro structural and the practice of discourse approach. The results of the discourse analysis of the short story titled "Untuk Ibu" meet all the other good grammatical aspects of cohesion as well as lexical aspect. The presences of grammatical and lexical cohesion build up the short story into a cohesive and coherent. From grammatical aspect, the short story has person references

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Odera, Hellen, David Barasa, and Benard Mudogo. "Distribution of Anaphoric Elements in Lutsotso." Journal of Linguistics, Literary and Communication Studies 4, no. 1 (2025): 35–47. https://doi.org/10.58721/jllcs.v4i1.970.

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In Bantu languages, the distribution of anaphoric elements can be influenced by several factors, including grammatical, syntactic, and pragmatic considerations. In addition to addressing issues surrounding the anaphoric event, the study of anaphora involves creating, maintaining, and altering subject continuity, which has an impact on discourse coherence. This paper looks at the strategies used by Lutsotso speakers to disambiguate anaphoric references. The study used data elicited from Lutsotso native speakers and texts written in Lutsotso. Given that the sentence is the linguistic unit of ana

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А., П. Загнітко, та Г. Загнітко Н. "ГРАМАТИКА МІСЦЕВОГО ВІДМІНКА: ФУНКЦІЙНО-ПРЕСКРИПТИВНИЙ АСПЕКТ". Лінгвістичні дослідження, № 48 (7 травня 2018): 76–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1242811.

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Study of the case category, of its different components, is necessary in the consideration of regularities of the parts of speech classes of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, numerals, as well as in clarifying the specifics of verbal position – valence-motivated and adjacent – and other issues of the sentence organization. The semi-componentness of categorical structure of the case in the Ukrainian language (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, locative, and vocative) does not exhaust the semantic wealth of this category, which constantly attracts attention that is mo

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Dom, Sebastian. "Reflexive Morphology in the Kikongo Language Cluster: Variation and Diachrony." Languages 9, no. 3 (2024): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9030113.

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This paper provides a comparative and diachronic account of reflexive morphology in the Kikongo language cluster, a genealogically closely related group of 40+ West Coastal Bantu languages. This study is based on data from 34 grammatical descriptions from 1659 to 2017 and fieldwork data collected in 2012 and 2015. Previous studies have shown that Kikongo languages, despite being closely related to each other, demonstrate extensive phonological and morphological variation. This is also the case for reflexive morphology. First, six different reflexive prefixes are attested in the database. These

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Bilousova, Tetiana. "Ways of phraseological units’ transformation in the light of Ivan Ohiienko's works." IVAN OHIIENKO AND CONTEMPORARY SCIENCE AND EDUCATION 20 (December 25, 2023): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2309-7086.2023-20.24-32.

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In the article Ivan Ohiienko’s views on changes in phraseological units in speech have been analyzed and the scientist’s practical approaches to their recording in sci-entifi c works and dictionaries have been studied. The signifi cance of the linguist’s works for further research into non-derivative and derivational transformations of phraseological units has been emphasized. The relevance of the study is due to its appeal to the problem of phraseological units’ transformation, popular in linguistics, and the need to highlight the role of Ivan Ohiienko’s works in the formation of this area of

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Kiven Meco R. Luzano. "A MORPHOSYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SOUTHERN LEYTENO POEMS." EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), June 11, 2025, 479–506. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra22321.

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This linguistic investigation assumes that the “balak” in Southern Leyte has distinct morphemic structures. This study is anchored on the theory of Linear Grammar by Pit Corder, Idealization Theory by Dr. Angel Pesirla, and Translation Techniques by Professor Amparo Hurtado Albir. This linguistic study investigates morphologically the selected local poems written by Southern Leyteño, native speakers. It seeks to uncover the process of raw data idealizations, word segmentation (free morphemes and bound morphemes), affixation (inflections and derivations), sentential relationship (lexical morphe

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Fadhil, Rana Abdelwahid, and Abeer Adil Sahab. "Iraqi EFL Learners’ Performance of English Grammatical Morphemes." Journal of AlMaarif University College 35, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.51345/.v35i1.882.g434.

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The performance of grammatical morphemes is an important part of language use because it focuses on the shape of the gained language. When compared to bound morphemes, it is widely assumed that free morphemes are performed with greater ease. The gaining of grammatical morphemes in the English language comes an expected sequence. However, for Iraqi learners, an acquisition of grammatical Morphemes in English may present challenges due to differences in the structure of their native language. For example, Arabic is a Semitic language that has a different grammatical structure than English. As a

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Colicol-Rodriguez, Elmira L. "Morphophonemic analyses of the textualities in "Trees" by Joyce Kilmer and "The Black Cat" by Edgar Allan Poe." May 7, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15162967.

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This paper argues that the structural linearity of language is revealed in General American English morphemes and phonemes of “Trees” by Joyce Kilmer and “The Black Cat” by Edgar Allan Poe. It analyzes the phonological and morphological structures in select textualities. It focuses on phonemic structures in terms of segmental and suprasegmental phonemes and morphemic structures according to lexical and grammatical free morphemes, inflectional and derivational bound morphemes, and word-formation processes. Findings reveal that for segmental phonemic analysis in terms of

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Yakub, Mohammed. "A Linguistic Analysis of ‘Pet Names’ in Nzema: A Morphosyntactic Description." Indian Journal of Language and Linguistics, September 26, 2020, 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijll2011.

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In the field of Onomastics, many researchers have delved into the study of personal names, place names, church names and school names, among others. This paper gathers another exciting data, (i.e. names that are ascribed to pets in Nzema society) and seeks to examine the morpho-syntactic features of the ‘pet names’. The paper employs the qualitative research approach in providing a descriptive analysis of the linguistic properties that feature in pet names among the people of Nzema. In this paper, ninety (90) pet names are discussed. Relying on Haspelmath’s notion of Framework-free Theory of G

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Partanen, Niko, and Alexandra Kellner. "On the interplay between tense marking, aspect and temporal continuity in Udora Komi." Finnisch-Ugrische Forschungen, no. 66 (December 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.33339/fuf.97371.

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The Udora dialect of Zyrian Komi lacks the morphological opposition between the present and future tenses that is found in other Komi dialects and the written standard. The morphemes corresponding to these tenses are, however, found in this dialect, with individual verbs showing a strong tendency to choose one of the two. This study shows that the two morphemes are not in free variation but rather carry various grammatical meanings, and that the variants are strongly connected to the lexical aspect of individual verbs. Due to the rigidity of the system, the authors refer to the variants here a

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Leyew, Zelealem. "What is in a Name? Personal Names in Hadiyya." Oslo Studies in Language 8, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/osla.4427.

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The aim of this paper is to describe the system behind personal names in Hadiyya. The bulk of the paper analyses the semantics of personal names. Hadiyya personal names express social, economic and political circumstances accompanying the birth of a child. Name givers express their wishes, desires and emotions through personal names. The close examination of names over generations indicates a gradual shift from typical Had-iyya names to modified Amharic-based names. Since the advent of Christianity in the region, Biblical names have also become common. The historical underpinnings for the shif

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Çabuk‐Ballı, Sakine, Jekaterina Mazara, Aylin C. Küntay, et al. "Negation in First Language Acquisition: Universal or Language‐Specific?" Cognitive Science 49, no. 2 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.70044.

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AbstractNegation is a cornerstone of human language and one of the few universals found in all languages. Without negation, neither categorization nor efficient communication would be possible. Languages, however, differ remarkably in how they express negation. It is yet widely unknown how the way negation is marked influences the acquisition process of first language learners. Here, we investigate whether universal or language‐specific cues are more relevant for the acquisition process. We test to what extent frequency and salience features (morphosyntactic boundedness, position of the negati

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Ибатова, Г. Б., та А. Қ. Сатова. "ПУТИ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ НАВЫКОВ СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯ У ДОШКОЛЬНИКОВ С ОБЩИМ НЕДОРАЗВИТИЕМ РЕЧИ". BULLETIN Series of Pedagogical Sciences 73, № 1(2022) (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2022-1.1728-5496.26.

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Мақалада жалпы сөйлеу тілі дамымаған мектеп жасына дейінгі балалардың сөзжасам дағдыларын эксперименталды қалыптастыру жолдары ұсынылған. Мектеп жасына дейінгі балалардың сөзжасам дағдыларын қалыптастыру мәселесі маңызды. Біздің зерттеуіміз бойынша қазіргі уақытқа дейін жалпы сөйлеу тілі дамымаған мектеп жасына дейінгі балалардың сөзжасам дағдыларының ерекшеліктері және дамыту жолдарын анықтау мәселесіне жеткілікті түрде назар аударылмағаны айқындалып отыр. Жалпы сөйлеу тілінің дамымауы соңғы жылдары тіл кемшіліктерінің ішінен жиі кездесетін және күрделі бұзылыс болып есептеледі. Онда балалард

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Samsiyah, Nur, Apri Kartika Sari, and Chrisna Emilia. "KONSTRUKSI TES KEBAHASAAN UAS SD DI KABUPATEN MADIUN." Premiere Educandum : Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar dan Pembelajaran 5, no. 01 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.25273/pe.v5i01.323.

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<p>Language learning is aimed to achieve proficiency properly. To achieve objectives of language learning cannot be separated from aspects of grammar. One way to achieve the grammatical aspect is by using a test. The purpose of language test is ability and skill in language not knowledge about language. Range of aspects are measured based on the types of tests used in the test questions at the end of the learning/ formative. This research aimed to determine language aspects tested at the end of each semester. This study used a qualitative approach and data sources in the form of the exam

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Ngullie, Yantsubeni. "Pronouns in Lotha." Indian Journal of Language and Linguistics, September 30, 2020, 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijll2016.

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The paper gives an account of pronouns in Lotha, a Tibeto-Burman language spoken in Nagaland, India. Lotha is a generic name and refers to both the linguistic group and the ethno-cultural entity. Lothas are racially Mongoloid and linguistically, it has been classified under the Central Naga group of the Naga sub-branch of the Tibeto-Burman languages. Pronouns in Lotha are free forms which can function solely to fill the position of a noun phrase in a clause. Personal pronouns are typically deixis to the speech participants for each of the three grammatical person i.e. first person, second pers

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