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Journal articles on the topic 'Free movement of advocates and lawyers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Višinskis, Vigintas, Inga Žalėnienė, and Agnė Tvaronavičienė. "Legal Environment within the EU: Free Movement of Lawyers and Legal Services." Business: Theory and Practice 10, no. (1) (2009): 30–37. https://doi.org/10.3846/1648-0627.2009.10.30-37.

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Authors of the present article analyze legislation of the European Union on provision of legal services in another EU member state. This article also examines case law of the Court of Justice of the European Communities, consequently revealing problems of applying the analyzed legislation in practice. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of the norms, provided in the Law on Advocacy of the Republic of Lithuania, which are related to establishment and provision of services of other EU member states in the Republic of Lithuania, and critically evaluate the compliance of certain norm

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2

Niemi, Matti Ilmari. "The Bologna Declaration and Free Movement of European Union Citizens in the Fields of Legal Education and the Legal Profession – Observations in Finland." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 15, no. 4 (2017): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1230.

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Finland is a member of the European Higher Education Area. The principles of the Bologna Declaration have become reality in certain respects. The form and structure of Finnish law degrees are uniform with the Bologna model. However, mobility and the free movement of students have only been realised in a limited sense. Finnish law degrees are still closed both in international and national respects. Uniformity of degrees is treated here as a means to carrying out free movement and the right of establishment as the principles of the European Union. Uniformity of degrees is a necessary preconditi

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3

Tsymbalyuk, V. "Advocate in the system of free legal aid: organizational and legal basis of interaction." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 1 (May 29, 2023): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.01.70.

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The article is devoted to the study of the organizational and legal foundations of the interaction of advocates and the system of free legal aid. It has been established that the provision of free secondary legal aid to a certain category of persons is a constitutional guarantee and a positive obligation of the state, which is implemented thanks to the system of free legal aid and to a large extent the involvement of lawyers in it, who are one of the subjects authorized to provide various types legal services. The views of scientists and practitioners on the issue of the monopoly of providing

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Rozi, Mumuh M. "PERANAN ADVOKAT SEBAGAI PENEGAK HUKUM DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA DIKAJI MENURUT UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 18 TAHUN 2003 TENTANG ADVOKAT." Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia 1, no. 2 (2017): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.35194/jhmj.v1i2.44.

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Advocate is a law enforcement and a free, independent and responsible job inenforcing the law guaranteed by law. It means that lawyers have rights, obligationsand responsibilities in accordance with the rules of law advocates. According to LawNo. 18 Year 2003 concerning Advocates, insisted that, Advocate is a person who isproviding legal services both inside and outside the court. Legal services in questionare services rendered in the form of lawyers providing legal advice, legal assistance,exercise the power, represent, assist, defend and perform other legal actions in theinterests of the cli

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Anggraini, Melinna, Mutiara Sachputri, and Fauziah Lubis. "Peranan Advokat sebagai Penegak Hukum." As-Syar'i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga 5, no. 3 (2023): 751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/as.v5i3.2864.

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 Advocate is a law enforcement and a free, independent and responsible job in enforcing the law guaranteed by law. It means that lawyers have rights, obligations and responsibilities in accordance with the rules of law advocates. According to Law No. 18 Year 2003 concerning Advocates, insisted that, Advocate is a person who is providing legal services both inside and outside the court. Legal services in question are services rendered in the form of lawyers providing legal advice, legal assistance, exercise the power, represent, assist, defend and perform other legal actions in the intere

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Anggraini, Melinna, Mutiara Sachputri, and Fauziah Lubis. "Peranan Advokat sebagai Penegak Hukum." El-Mujtama: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 3, no. 3 (2023): 632–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/elmujtama.v3i3.2850.

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Advocate is a law enforcement and a free, independent and responsible job in enforcing the law guaranteed by law. It means that lawyers have rights, obligations and responsibilities in accordance with the rules of law advocates. According to Law No. 18 Year 2003 concerning Advocates, insisted that, Advocate is a person who is providing legal services both inside and outside the court. Legal services in question are services rendered in the form of lawyers providing legal advice, legal assistance, exercise the power, represent, assist, defend and perform other legal actions in the interests of

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Putri, Hani Rafika. "Implementation of Free Legal Aid (Pro Bono) for the Poor in Indonesia." Digest: Journal of Jurisprudence and Legisprudence 3, no. 2 (2022): 173–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/digest.v3i2.66012.

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The obligation to provide free legal aid by advocates has been stipulated in Article 22 of Law Number 18 Year 2003 regarding Advocate. As a respectful profession (officium nobile), advocate has duty and responsibility to embody rule of law principle. Pro bono legal service is a duty of every advocate as mandated by Advocate Law. This research uses normative approach and is descriptive analysis in manner. The researchers uses library research to process the data. This research aims to analyse the implementation of pro bono legal service by advocates and bar association in Indonesia. Despite of

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MUNGER, Frank. "Thailand’s Cause Lawyers and Twenty-First-Century Military Coups: Nation, Identity, and Conflicting Visions of the Rule of Law." Asian Journal of Law and Society 2, no. 2 (2015): 301–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/als.2015.18.

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AbstractConflict among Thailand’s legal advocates for popular causes over the legitimacy of Thailand’s two twenty-first-century coups raises questions about the meaning of the rule of law. The general perception of inexorable globalization of an international interpretation of the rule of law and of cause lawyers as one of its important vectors runs counter to the experience of developing societies where rule of law is being adapted to the meaning of nation and individual identities informing everyday lives and the relationship between a society and its government. This essay uses career narra

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9

Muller, Gilles. "Free Movement of Lawyers Within the EU Internal Market: Achievements and Remaining Challenges." European Business Law Review 26, Issue 3 (2015): 355–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2015019.

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The outstanding development of the European Union has entailed profound transformations in the legal professions over the last four decades. These developments have changed the practice of lawyers, which has become more internationalized and business- oriented in order to meet the demand for international legal services. On the other hand, the legal profession has remained generally heavily regulated with a local focus, which leads to significant differences between Member States. Such situation has resulted in obstacles to free movement of lawyers within the EU internal market. In this contex

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Siman, Michael. "Freedom of lawyers to provide services under directive 77/2491." Bratislava Law Review 2, no. 1 (2018): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46282/blr.2018.2.1.92.

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The following article deals with one of the different forms of free movement of lawyers in the EU, i.e. the freedom to provide services on a temporary basis. The relevant primary law alongside the applicable legislation, as interpreted by the Court in its case-law, is analysed. Special attention is paid to certain peculiarities of cross-border provision of services by lawyers, in particular the respect of rules of professional conduct.

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Humairah, Fitrah, Vivin Kadriani Matondang, and Fauziah Lubis. "Advokat Dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif." As-Syar'i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga 5, no. 2 (2023): 412–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/as.v5i2.2684.

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 Advocates, according to Law no. 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates, is someone whose role is to provide legal assistance both inside and outside the court. Legal consultations, legal assistance, exercising power of attorney, representing, accompanying, defending, and carrying out other legal actions on behalf of clients are services that will be offered by advocates. Lawyers can also function as mediators in the pursuit of truth and the protection of justice, Participate in protecting human rights and offer free and independent legal defense. But in reality, the legal profession has advant

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Pujaka, Jhody, Faishal Nurallamsyah, and Tetty Marlina Tarigan. "Analisis Pelanggaran Kode Etik Advokat Didalam Persidangan Terkait Penyalahgunaan Keterangan Palsu Oleh Klien." As-Syar'i: Jurnal Bimbingan & Konseling Keluarga 5, no. 3 (2023): 846–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/as.v5i3.2990.

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As a constitution based on Pancasila and the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia 1945, Indonesia guarantees the equality of all people before the law (Equality before law). In the realization and declaration of legal principles in society, the roles and functions of lawyers as free, independent and important professions, apart from judicial and law enforcement agencies such as the police and prosecutors, are important. The purpose of this article is to explain how the implementation of the Code of Ethics is sanctioned against lawyers who commit professional violations in Indonesia, and h

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13

Lenard, Patti Tamara. "Culture, Free Movement, and Open Borders." Review of Politics 72, no. 4 (2010): 627–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670510000562.

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AbstractCommunitarians are derided for their commitment to closed borders. According to their critics, if we balance the claims of cultural preservation (deployed primarily by wealthy countries) against the claims of economic betterment (deployed primarily by the very poor), the correct moral ordering will prioritize the claims of economic betterment, and thus support claims for open borders over closed borders. Yet, this standard way of framing the debate ignores the deep connection between cultural claims and freedom of movement. In the near-exclusive focus on the relationship between cultur

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GRAMM, MARSHALL, and PHIL GRAMM. "The Free Silver Movement in America: A Reinterpretation." Journal of Economic History 64, no. 4 (2004): 1108–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050704043104.

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Monetary historians have contended that Free Silver advocates were inflationists seeking debt reduction. We offer an alternative interpretation using a theory of money demand with differential returns on nominal units and a nonoptimum nominal money stock. Our explanation is more logically appealing and more consistent with contemporary evidence. The restrictive coinage laws of the period produced chronic shortages, and our empirical analysis provides clear evidence of these shortages. A shortage of coins valued at a half-day's wage and less, raised transactions costs, produced hardship and spa

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Višinskis, Vigintas, Inga Žalėnienė, and Agnė Tvaronavičienė. "Legal environment within the EU: free movement of lawyers and legal services." Verslas: teorija ir praktika 10, no. 1 (2009): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1648-0627.2009.10.30-37.

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Mastroianni, Roberto, and Amedeo Arena. "Free movement of lawyers and the Torresi judgment: a bridge too far?" European Constitutional Law Review 11, no. 2 (2015): 373–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019615000152.

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17

Bernard, Nicolas. "Discrimination and Free Movement in EC Law." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 45, no. 1 (1996): 82–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300058668.

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Fundamental issues sometimes hide themselves behind what to an untrained eye might look like a technical and somewhat dry debate. Thus, a layman hearing Community lawyers' talk about the legal basis of legislation might be excused for not realising that the issue may be that of the role of the European Parliament in the European Union, and therefore the democratic legitimacy of the EU institutions. The debate about the function of the concept of discrimination in the law on the free movement of goods, services and persons in the Community is one of those discussions which has more to offer tha

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18

Nisha, P., and A. Vasumathi. "THE IMPACT OF PERSONALITY TRAITS ON GLASS CEILING BELIEFS AMONG WOMEN ADVOCATES' CAREER DEVELOPMENT." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 8, no. 3 (2020): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2020.83107.

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Purpose: Over the last two decades, India has positively responded to its call, however, as an emerging economy by creating many new kinds of "global" legal work environments that offer and attract gender-neutral benefits for its associates. Yet, there are issues to be addressed to enable a hassle-free development system for the women Advocates. Although there are a large number of women advocates increasing in recent years, in the highest levels of their career they are still in the exception. Methodology: The primary data were collected from 140 women Advocates, Chennai District, Tamil

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Alamsyah, Tofan, and Gunarto Gunarto. "Legal Form of Relief Is Free Of Charge by the Person or Group of Advocate for the Poor (Study at Jurisdiction in Ex Residency of Cirebon)." Jurnal Daulat Hukum 3, no. 1 (2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jdh.v3i1.8373.

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The problems of this study are: 1) forms of legal assistance free of charge given to the person or group of poor people in the Ex Residency of Cirebon, 2) challenges and solutions lawyers to provide legal assistance free of charge at the Ex Residency of Cirebon, 3) forms of legal protection given for free of charge that given to the person or group of poor people in the Ex Residency of Cirebon in the future.The method used by researchers is legal approach empirically and specification in this study were included descriptive analysis. Even sources and types of data in this study are primary dat

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WIESBROCK, ANJA. "The self-perpetuation of EU constitutionalism in the area of free movement of persons: Virtuous or vicious cycle?" Global Constitutionalism 2, no. 1 (2013): 125–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045381712000147.

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AbstractThis paper analyses the mutual influence and self-perpetuating cycle of legitimacy of EU legal scholars and the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in expanding and broadening the free movement rights of Union citizens and their family members. It is argued that legal scholars have played a dual role in promoting the constitutional paradigm of an ever-expanding scope of directly enforceable residence and movement rights in the EU. First, by presenting the expansion of free movement rights as an inevitable outcome of the EU constitutional order based on directly enforceable in

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Utami(, Rizki Ananda, Sari Ramadani(, and Fauziah Lubis. "Tanggung Jawab Profesi Advokat Dalam Pendampingan Hukum Perkara Pidana terhadap Klien." El-Mujtama: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 3, no. 3 (2023): 722–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/elmujtama.v3i3.2930.

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 Advocate is a law enforcement and a free, independent and responsible job in enforcing the law guaranteed by law. It means that lawyers have rights, obligations and responsibilities in accordance with the rules of law advocate. On going professional duties, advocates are expected to act professionally and don’t discriminate in providing advice legal to the clients. Through the legal services provided, advocate stints the profession for justice under the law for the benefit of justice seekers, including efforts to empower communities to realize their fundamental rights before the law.&#x

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Treskon, Mark. "Contesting Scales of Justice: Law and the Geography of the US Antipredatory Lending Movement." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 16, no. 4 (2011): 417–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.16.4.w3822p061120g101.

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While the social movements literature has increasingly incorporated sociospatial categories into its conceptual toolkit, this article argues that tracing the concrete ways in which a particular category—"scale"—is mobilized as a stake of political debate helps us refine its workings in practice. Integrating research on the co-constitutive nature of law and political action, this article traces how efforts to pass antipredatory home lending legislation in the United States during the 1990s and 2000s resulted in a rescaled home-lending legal regime. Using judicial and regulatory documents, media

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VAN LEEUWEN, Barend. "The Patient in Free Movement Law: Medical History, Diagnosis, and Prognosis." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 21 (July 16, 2019): 162–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cel.2019.5.

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AbstractFree movement of patients has been criticised from the moment that the first patient cases reached the Court of Justice of the European Union (‘CJEU’). The moving patient supposedly increases consumerism, reduces national solidarity, and has a negative impact on the quality of healthcare provided in some Member States. This article challenges the empirical foundations of such criticisms. An empirical analysis of all patient cases before the CJEU shows that a significant number of patients required urgent treatment, that their medical condition was life-threatening, and that they were s

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Orlova, O. S., V. V. Zaborovskyy, and V. V. Manzyuk. "Features of the professional activity of a lawyer and the Ukrainian bar under martial law." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.03.50.

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This article is devoted to the disclosure of issues related to certain specifics of the professional activity of a lawyer and the Ukrainian bar in martial law. To achieve this goal, the author used a set of general and special methods that are characteristic of legal science. The research was conducted using primarily statistical and sociological methods, system-structural and formal-dogmatic methods, as well as the dialectical method of knowledge of legal reality. This article analyzes the practical activities of bar associations, in particular the National Bar Association of Ukra

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Hinarejos, Alicia. "FREE MOVEMENT, FEDERALISM AND INSTITUTIONAL CHOICE: A CANADA-EU COMPARISON." Cambridge Law Journal 71, no. 3 (2012): 537–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008197312000815.

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Although very different in many respects, the EU and Canada nevertheless confront common problems in certain areas. One such common problem is how to manage inter-state regulatory diversity within a federal (or federal-like), multinational system. This paper compares the different ways in which the EU and Canada have chosen to address the problem of national barriers to trade within their internal markets, and the consequences of these choices. It is somewhat counterintuitive for EU lawyers that a full-fledged state may have an internal market that is less integrated than that of the EU; and y

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Logan, John. "Consultants, lawyers, and the ‘union free’ movement in the USA since the 1970s." Industrial Relations Journal 33, no. 3 (2002): 197–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2338.00230.

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Weinrib, Laura. "AGAINST INTOLERANCE: THE RED SCARE ROOTS OF LEGAL LIBERALISM." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 18, no. 1 (2019): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781418000580.

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This article argues that important antecedents of post-New Deal American liberalism emerged in response to the First Red Scare. As war hysteria gave way to patent antiradicalism, the pervasiveness of peacetime state-sponsored repression undermined progressive confidence in administrative governance and generated support for so-called personal rights. At the same time, the suppression of meaningful labor activity during the early 1920s buttressed conservative confidence in the judiciary and emboldened lawyers and business advocates to oppose state policing of putatively private beliefs. The res

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Levitsky, Sandra R., Jesse Yeh, and Elizabeth A. Armstrong. "Litigation politics: social movement activity in campus sexual assault litigation." Law & Society Review 58, no. 3 (2024): 505–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsr.2024.28.

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AbstractCritics point to increasing private lawsuits filed by students accused of campus sexual assault as evidence that Obama-era Title IX guidance overcorrected and favored victims at the expense of the due process rights of the accused. This overcorrection narrative powerfully reshaped the debate surrounding campus sexual assault and ultimately contributed to the rescinding of the guidance. Existing analytical tools from legal mobilization scholarship – emphasizing the deployment of litigation by social movement actors – are not equipped to identify the origins and dissemination of this pol

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Ashe, Marice, Gary Bennett, Christina Economos, et al. "Assessing Coordination of Legal-Based Efforts across Jurisdictions and Sectors for Obesity Prevention and Control." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 37, S1 (2009): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2009.00391.x.

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America’s increasing obesity problem requires federal, state, and local lawyers, policymakers, and public health practitioners to consider legal strategies to encourage healthy eating and physical activity. The complexity of the legal landscape as it affects obesity requires an analysis of coordination across multiple sectors and disciplines. Government jurisdictions can be viewed “vertically,” including the local, state, tribal, and federal levels, or “horizontally” as agencies or branches of government at the same vertical level. Inspired by the successful tobacco control movement, obesity p

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Nuna, Muten, Dince Aisa Kodai, and Roy Marthen Moonti. "Code of Ethics and the Role of Advocates in Providing Legal Aid to the Poor." Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services 1, no. 2 (2020): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijals.v1i2.35986.

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Law No. 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates emphasizes the status of Advocates as one of the law enforcers who have roles and functions that are equal to the Police, Prosecutor's Office and Judicial Power as law enforcement officers, but there is specialness given by the law to lawyers, namely the independence of advocates in carrying out their duties and profession. The independence of advocates aims to support the implementation of a justice system that is free from power and political intervention in law enforcement, and with that independence the Advocate Profession is said to be a very noble

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Kurban, Dilek. "An Intimate Yet Anglo-Centric Account of a Renaissance Human Rights Man." Israel Law Review 54, no. 1 (2021): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223720000242.

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In his well-researched biography, Mike Chinoy chronicles Kevin Boyle's life and career as a scholar, activist and lawyer, bringing to light his under-appreciated role in the civil rights movement in Northern Ireland and the efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict, as well as his contributions to human rights movements in the United Kingdom, Europe and the world. Are You With Me? is an important contribution to the literature on the actors who have shaped the norms, institutions and operations of human rights. In its efforts to shed light on one man, the book offers a fresh alternat

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Andrie Gusti Ari Sarjono. "KEDUDUKAN HUKUM PARALEGAL DESA DALAM PERSPEKTIF UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 6 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG DESA STUDI PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 22P/HUM/2018." NOMMENSEN JOURNAL OF LEGAL OPINION 1, no. 01 (2020): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.51622/njlo.v1i01.41.

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To eliminate or at least minimize the misuse of village funds, paralegal participation is needed. Paralegals are people who can optimize various opportunities to overcome the legal problems that exist in the village. Law Number 16 of 2011 concerning Legal Aid has given juridical legitimacy to the existence of a Paralegal as part of the legal aid provider. What is meant by legal aid is legal services provided by legal aid providers for free to legal aid recipients. Legal aid is provided by legal aid organizations or community organizations that provide legal aid services, which include exercisi

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De Pascalis, Francesco. "Free Movement and the Right of Establishment of EU Lawyers: The Special Case of ItalianAbogados." King's Law Journal 25, no. 3 (2014): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/09615768.25.3.340.

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Hasanah, Lailatul Nur. "Pendampingan Hukum Bagi Perempuan dan Anak Pasca Cerai oleh Tim Advokat Profit: Studi Kasus di Pengadilan Agama Pati Perkara Nomor 778/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Pt." AKADEMIK: Jurnal Mahasiswa Humanis 4, no. 2 (2024): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37481/jmh.v4i2.744.

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This research aims to find out and analyze legal assistance for women and children by a team of advocates at the Pati Religious Court. The rights of women and children are one of the obligations of an ex-husband after divorce, namely providing iddah support, muta'ah and madhiyyah support as well as costs. Education for children from underage to adulthood is the responsibility of a wife. So that in the divorce divorce case carried out by the husband at the Pati religious court, the team of advocates received attention. The research method used in this writing is empirical juridical, with the sp

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Hughett, Amanda Bell. "A “Safe Outlet” for Prisoner Discontent: How Prison Grievance Procedures Helped Stymie Prison Organizing During the 1970s." Law & Social Inquiry 44, no. 04 (2019): 893–921. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2018.17.

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This article demonstrates how civil liberties lawyers’ efforts to address the complaints of imprisoned people in the 1970s inadvertently helped provide state attorneys with tools they used to stymie prisoners’ organizing efforts. Using North Carolina as a case study, I explain why a diverse range of legal actors—including civil liberties lawyers, federal judges, and state attorneys—supported the creation of prison grievance procedures. I then reveal how state attorneys successfully used them, once implemented, to argue that because the procedures offered a seemingly fair, institutional avenue

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Krikorian, Gaelle Pascale. "From AIDS to Free Trade Agreements: Knowledge Activism in Thailand’s Movement for Access to Medicines." Engaging Science, Technology, and Society 3 (April 2, 2017): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.17351/ests2017.42.

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This article examines the movement for access to medicines in Thailand, a country that is a privileged site of observation of the new world order of pharmaceuticals and has been at the forefront in many international negotiations on intellectual property. The movement relies on the appropriation of knowledge and expertise about intellectual property laws, which developed in the context of the fight against HIV/AIDS. Treatment activism in Thailand is particularly vigorous and studying it allows us to grasp both the national and transnational dimension of this type of collective action: a global

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Cotropia, Christopher A. "Law's Ability to Further the "Menstrual Movement"." Columbia Journal of Gender and Law 41, no. 1 (2021): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/cjgl.v41i1.8821.

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   The current menstrual movement calls for overcoming the cultural stigma associated with menstruation, achieving “menstrual equity,” and ending “period poverty.” The stigma the movement seeks to address is that menstruation is seen as taboo, unclean, and impure. The movement’s aims are twofold: First, it wants to increase awareness of menstruation and remove discrimination against those who menstruate, thus achieving menstrual equity. Second, it intends to provide greater access to menstrual hygiene products (“MHPs”), particularly for homeless and lower income people, thus

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Vesnin, S. "Concepts, features and functions of advocacy self-government bodies." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, no. 2 (July 24, 2022): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2022.02.43.

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Based on the analysis of modern doctrinal sources, the author outlines the following among the features of advocacy self-government bodies: the main goal is to ensure the realization of the right of advocates to independently decide on the organization and activities of advocacy in the manner prescribed by law; focus on the tasks of advocacy self-government; are components of a holistic system with pronounced internal and external connections of horizontal and vertical nature; are subjects of public law relations; are non-governmental non-profit professional organizations; operate in the forms

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Sahabuddin, S., M. Rudi Hartono, and Rospita Manihuruk. "Tindak Pidana Merintangi Penyidikan oleh Advokat pada Perkara Tindak Pidana Korupsi." Wajah Hukum 9, no. 1 (2025): 415. https://doi.org/10.33087/wjh.v9i1.1803.

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The profession of advocate or often known as a lawyer, attorney or legal advisor is a profession that is full of idealism because it holds a noble position (officium nobile) in fighting for justice and legal certainty and is able to provide free legal assistance to anyone who is unable to file a case. In the legal system, advocates have various functions, such as representing, accompanying, defending, and carrying out other legal actions on behalf of clients, as well as assisting the court in determining facts based on justice and exercising its authority. Advocates have rights and responsibil

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Smirnov, V. A., and M. P. Peryakina. "Institute of Defense at the Present Stage of Development of Criminal Justice in Russia." Siberian Law Herald 2 (2021): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2071-8136.2021.2.92.

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The article examines some procedural issues of the participation of the defender in the criminal proceedings, the problems of compliance with the principle of adversarial parties at all stages of criminal proceedings. A clear discrepancy between the rights of the parties to the prosecution and the defense at the pretrial stages of the criminal process was established. Since all key decisions on the movement of a criminal case (suspension of a criminal case, bringing a person as an accused, termination of a criminal case, issuing an indictment, an indictment or an indictment, etc.) are made by

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Shuibhne, Niamh Nic, and Marsela Maci. "Proving public interest: The growing impact of evidence in free movement case law." Common Market Law Review 50, Issue 4 (2013): 965–1005. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2013105.

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When national measures restrict free movement rights, Member States canargue that their actions are,nevertheless, justifiable and proportionate. But how do they actually demonstrate this? This article explores the standard that Member States must satisfy to provetheir public interest claims successfully. It will be argued that a critical information gap on what the Court of Justice expects defendant States to establish has been narrowed through a more concerted focus on proof in recent case law; but that significant issues still demand further attention. While an evolving guidance framework ca

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Oliver, Peter, and Stefan Enchelmaier. "Free movement of goods: Recent developments in the case law." Common Market Law Review 44, Issue 3 (2007): 649–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2007057.

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This article critically reviews the case law of the European Court of Justice from 2002 to 2006. It starts by examining the jurisprudence on restrictions internal to a Member State, i.e. those imposed on transactions which do not involve traders or goods in or from other Member States. The concept of a customs union is also looked at here. The article then reflects on whether the provisions of Article 28 et seq. apply to the legal relations of individuals and companies inter se. It explores the relationship between the legal regime on free movement of goods on the one hand and those relating t

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Jaya Putra, Marwan. "Problematics in Handling Criminal Offence on Poor Communities by Advocate (A Study on Gunung Sugih District Court)." FIAT JUSTISIA:Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 13, no. 1 (2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v13no1.1406.

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The provision of legal aid to the poor is one of the actions of the noble profession of advocates and the moral movement that advocates for human rights, in fact, not all advocates are morally aware of their obligations. There are still many deviations found in the provision of legal aid for the poor. This condition is certainly contrary to the noble values of the advocate profession itself, in the presence of this matter, which shows still can be found deviations in practice. The problem examined in this study is why law enforcers such as judges and posbakum have not provided free legal assis

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Cremers, Jan. "Free movement of services and equal treatment of workers: the case of construction." Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 12, no. 2 (2006): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/102425890601200205.

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Directive 96/71/EC (the Posted Workers Directive) is the legal framework in Europe for bona fide cross-border work by posted workers. Following fierce debates at the beginning of the 1990s the European institutions adopted this Directive in 1996. The basic purpose of the Directive was to guarantee equal rights to posted workers combined with fair competition for transnational operations, relying on the ‘host country’ principle. A study by the author has shown that national implementation of the Directive after 1996 has been poor. Following enlargement on 1 May 2004 the debate about decent regu

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Chan, Anita Say. "Retiring the Network Spokesman." Science & Technology Studies 20, no. 2 (2007): 78–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55213.

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National legislation to mandate the use or consideration of Free/Libre and Open Source Software (FLOSS) in government institutions is increasingly emerging as a strategy for FLOSS advocates in Latin America and the broader developing world. Such movements for the political use and regulation of FLOSS mark a distinct turn in the objectives and work of FLOSS advocates, whose activities largely focused on the dissemination of FLOSS as a technological artifact. This paper investigates the network of diverse actors involved in promoting FLOSS legislation in Peru, one of the first nations where a mo

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Tedy Subrata. "Pendidikan Khusus Profesi Advokat Dewan Pimpinan Nasional Persatuan Advokat Indonesia Dan Profesi Advokat Berdasarkan Pasal 3 Ayat (1) Huruf F Undang - Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 18 Tahun 2003 Tentang Advokat." Faedah : Jurnal Hasil Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia 2, no. 1 (2024): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.59024/faedah.v2i1.714.

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Special Education for the Advocate Profession (PKPA) is a mandate from Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2003 concerning Advocates. Special Education for the Advocate Profession is a form of education that must be followed by someone with a bachelor's degree with a higher legal education background. Special Education for the Advocate Profession (PKPA) has relevance to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System (SISDIKNAS) which states that the types of education consist of general, vocational, professional, vocational, religious

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Albors-Llorens, Albertina. "Securing Trust in the Court of Justice of the EU: The Influence of the Advocates General." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 14 (2012): 509–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712805580426.

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AbstractThis chapter examines the influence of the Advocates General in promoting trust in the work of the Court of Justice of the European Union. While it accepts that it may be difficult to quantify this influence—given the non-binding nature of the Opinions—it argues that the work of the Advocates General has an impact in securing confidence in the Court. This conclusion is supported by an examination of three possible levels of the influence exerted by the Advocates General, which are considered in the chapter in descending order of abstraction. The first and most abstract dimension of thi

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Katsirea, Irini, and Anne Ruff. "Free movement of law students and lawyers in the EU: a comparison of English, German and Greek legislation." International Journal of the Legal Profession 12, no. 3 (2005): 367–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09695950500480741.

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Radue, Melanie. "The Internet´s role in the Bersih movement in Malaysia – A Case Study." International Review of Information Ethics 18 (December 1, 2012): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/irie304.

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Everywhere in the media, people talk about the so-called “Twitter and Facebook revolution” in regard to the Green Revolution in Iran or other new social movements which demand democratization in their countries and use the Internet for communication and mobilization. Libertarian advocates of the Internet state that the Internet has democratizing effects because of its reputed egalitarian, open and free technological structure for communication processes. Especially in countries in which the media is under strict control by the government, these characteristics are emphasized as stimulation for

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Drott, Eric. "Free Jazz and the French Critic." Journal of the American Musicological Society 61, no. 3 (2008): 541–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jm.2008.61.3.541.

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Abstract From the mid-1960s to the early 1970s, free jazz was the subject of considerable public interest in France. The present article examines the conditions that fueled enthusiasm for American avant-garde jazz, focusing on the politicization of discourse surrounding the ‘new thing.’ Critics hostile to the movement felt that it undermined jazz's claim to universality, a cornerstone of postwar attempts to valorize the genre in the French cultural sphere. Yet the tendency to identify free jazz with various forms of African American political radicalism presented no less of a challenge for the

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