Academic literature on the topic 'Free Nerve Ending'
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Journal articles on the topic "Free Nerve Ending"
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ISHIHARA, Masahiko. "Structure and function of the free nerve ending of the skin nerve." Nishi Nihon Hifuka 61, no. 5 (1999): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2336/nishinihonhifu.61.563.
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Cleland, C. L., and W. Z. Rymer. "Functional properties of spinal interneurons activated by muscular free nerve endings and their potential contributions to the clasp-knife reflex." Journal of Neurophysiology 69, no. 4 (1993): 1181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.69.4.1181.
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1. The goal of this study was to characterize the functional properties of spinal interneurons that are excited by muscular free nerve endings and to assess their contributions to the clasp-knife reflex. 2. The patterns of activity of 82 spinal interneurons that were excited by squeezing the Achilles tendon or manipulation of the muscle surfaces, preferential stimuli for muscular free nerve endings, were extracellularly recorded in lamina V-VII of the L5-S1 spinal cord in decerebrated and spinalized cats. 3. Interneurons were uniformly excited by increases in muscular length and force. Responses to muscle stretch exhibited gradual decay during maintained stretch, afterdischarge after stretch release, and adaptation to repeated stretch. Responses to isometric contraction induced by electrical stimulation of motor axons was also prolonged after contraction, but did not decay during maintained contraction. For similar increases in force, stretch evoked greater excitation than contraction, indicating that both stretch and contraction contributed to interneuronal activity. Overall, the time course and magnitude of the interneuronal responses to stretch and contraction paralleled the time course and magnitude of the clasp-knife reflex. 4. Interneurons were powerfully excited by muscular free nerve endings, which mediate the clasp-knife reflex, and by cutaneous receptors. Only occasionally were they excited by primary spindle or Golgi tendon organ afferents, which suggests that activation of muscular free nerve endings mediated the interneuronal responses to stretch and contraction. 5. Simultaneous recordings of interneuronal activity and the clasp-knife reflex revealed a broad correlation between interneuronal activity and clasp-knife inhibition. 6. Because the patterns of activity of free nerve ending-responsive interneurons during stretch and contraction were similar to the clasp-knife reflex, were closely correlated with clasp-knife inhibition during simultaneous interneuronal and reflex recordings, and were powerfully excited by muscular free nerve endings, it is likely that the interneurons described above contributed to the clasp-knife reflex. 7. In contrast, a small number (n = 16) of interneurons were recorded that were only weakly excited by muscular free nerve endings but strongly excited by group I afferents, exhibited less spontaneous and evoked activity, and had significantly different responses to stretch and contraction. These interneurons are less likely to have contributed to the clasp-knife reflex.
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MacIver, M. B., and D. L. Tanelian. "Free nerve ending terminal morphology is fiber type specific for A delta and C fibers innervating rabbit corneal epithelium." Journal of Neurophysiology 69, no. 5 (1993): 1779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.69.5.1779.
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1. A delta and C fibers are the smallest diameter and most numerous axons in peripheral nerve bundles. They have been thought to terminate as "free" nerve endings lacking organized structure. The present study used a vital fluorescent dye to selectively visualize living free nerve endings innervating rabbit corneal epithelium, allowing structure to be correlated with electrophysiological and functional characteristics. 2. Conduction velocity measurement of visually identified nerve endings were used to discriminate between C and A delta fibers. C fiber sensory endings terminated as short (< 50 microns) vertically directed processes clustered within the epithelium. A delta fibers terminated as long (0.1-1.2 mm) horizontal processes running parallel to the epithelial surface. 3. Only A delta fiber endings were mechanoreceptive, and the unique elongated structure imparted directional selectivity. Comparison of physiological and electrical activation indicated that mechanical stimuli were transduced in < 600 microseconds. This study confirms previous suggestions of structural and functional specialization for "free" nerve endings.
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Smirnov, A. E. "On the question of the termination of motor nerves in the muscles of the heart of vertebrates." Neurology Bulletin VIII, no. 4 (2020): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb57163.
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Despite the significant literature on this issue, we still do not have its final resolution. Here, in brief features, is the main literary data related to this subject. A. Klliker in 1862, examining the nerves of the frog's heart, spoke in favor of their free ending on the muscle cells of the heart, which is most similar to the nerve ends on the striated muscle fibers.
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Cleland, C. L., L. Hayward, and W. Z. Rymer. "Neural mechanisms underlying the clasp-knife reflex in the cat. II. Stretch-sensitive muscular-free nerve endings." Journal of Neurophysiology 64, no. 4 (1990): 1319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.64.4.1319.
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1. The goal of this study was to determine the contribution of muscular free nerve endings to the clasp-knife reflex by comparing their response properties and reflex actions to the clasp-knife reflex. 2. The responses of single muscle afferents were examined in anesthetized cats using stretch and isometric contraction of ankle extensor muscles identical to those that evoked clasp-knife inhibition in decerebrated and dorsal spinal-hemisectioned cats. 3. Fifty-three stretch-sensitive mechanoreceptor afferents were identified as free nerve ending afferents based on their conduction velocities, location within the muscle, uniformity of response, and dissimilarity to other muscle proprioceptors. The afferent conduction velocities were in both the group III (56%) and group II (44%) range, including five fast-conducting group II afferents (greater than 55 m/s). 4. The stretch response of stretch-sensitive, free nerve endings (SSFNEs) showed several characteristic features: 1) afferents were excited only by large stretches that produced significant passive force; 2) afferent activity began after a brief delay and exhibited segmentation of discharge during ramp stretch, a maximum at the end of ramp stretch, and rapid and complete decay during static stretch, and 3) afferent response adapted to repeated stretches. These properties match those of clasp-knife inhibition described in the companion paper, except that the SSFNE segmentation and maximum were more pronounced and their decay during maintained stretch was more rapid. 5. Isometric contraction produced by electrical stimulation of the muscle nerve, which induced force-evoked inhibition in decerebrated and dorsal hemisectioned cats, also consistently excited SSFNEs. Stretch evoked greater excitation than contraction, indicating that both length and force contribute to SSFNE activity. 6. Stimulation of free nerve endings by squeezing the achilles tendon in cats exhibiting the clasp-knife reflex evoked powerful, homonymous inhibition and a flexion-withdrawal pattern of reflex action--that is, inhibition of extensor and excitation of flexor muscles throughout the hindlimb, which parallels the spatial divergence of the clasp-knife reflex. 7. Intrathecal application of capsaicin, which preferentially blocks the reflex actions of small afferent fibers, blocked clasp-knife inhibition in decerebrated, dorsal hemisectioned cats. 8. The similarities between the reflex actions and response properties of SSFNEs and the properties of the clasp-knife reflex suggest that SSFNEs mediate clasp-knife inhibition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Malkoc, E., F. Ates, H. Tekeli, B. Kurt, T. Turker, and S. Basal. "Free Nerve Ending Density on Skin Extracted by Circumcision and Its Relation to Premature Ejaculation." Journal of Andrology 33, no. 6 (2012): 1263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2164/jandrol.112.016709.
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Shigenobu, Koki, Tatsuya Mori, Katsuo Kamata, and Yutaka Kasuya. "Platelet-activating factor: lack of direct action on guinea pig myocardium and possible transmitter release from cardiac sympathetic nerve endings at high concentrations." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 67, no. 6 (1989): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y89-107.
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Microelectrode and mechanical studies were performed with isolated guinea pig myocardium (right ventricular free walls and papillary muscles) to examine the effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC). Low concentrations of PAF (10−8 to 10−6 M, a range equivalent to the blood concentrations that produce marked hypotension in vivo) had no effects on action potential configuration and contractile force. High concentrations (10−5 to 10−4 M) of PAF and LPC per se elicited slow response action potentials with concomitant contraction (restored contraction) in the myocardium depolarized with elevated K+ (25 mM); they also augmented slow responses and restored contractions produced by a low concentration of isoproterenol (10−8 M). Although these results suggested there was an increase in slow Ca current, the slow responses and restored contractions thus produced were greatly suppressed or abolished by the addition of a β-adrenoceptor blocking agent, sotalol (10−5 M), and by pretreatment with reserpine (5 mg/kg i.p., 24 h prior). In accordance with our previous conclusions, the present results suggest that direct cardiac action is not involved in the mechanisms of hypotension produced by PAF. It was also shown that high concentrations of PAF and LPC may act nonspecifically as amphiphilic compounds to induce transmitter release from sympathetic nerve endings, which may in turn augment the Ca current channels in the myocardial cell membrane.Key words: platelet-activating factor, cardiac action potential, slow response, Ca2+ channel, sympathetic nerve ending.
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Tadaki, Nobuhisa, Masaki Tanaka, Yasuo Hisa, et al. "Nitrergic Innervation of the Rat Larynx Measured by Nitric Oxide Synthase Immunohistochemistry and Nadph-Diaphorase Histochemistry." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 105, no. 7 (1996): 550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348949610500711.
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We evaluated the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the laryngeal innervation of rats using NADPH-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) immunohistochemistry. The findings obtained by NADPH-d histochemistry were identical with those obtained by nNOS immunohistochemistry, indicating that NADPH-d is nNOS in the laryngeal innervation system. We found NADPH-d-positive nerve fibers in every region of the larynx. In the epithelia of the mucosa, a small number of NADPH-d-positive nerve fibers were detected. The plexus of NADPH-d-positive nerve fibers was commonly found in the lamina propria, and some of these fibers were clearly associated with blood vessels. We also noted NADPH-d-positive nerve fibers in the region of laryngeal glands. Some of these fibers appeared to terminate in the glandular cells. We found NADPH-d-positive nerve fibers with varicosities in the intrinsic laryngeal muscle and free-ending nerve fibers on the muscle fiber. Motor end plate-like structures were positive for NADPH-d histochemistry. The NADPH-d-positive nerve fibers appeared to terminate at motor end plate-like structures in two of nine rats examined. A cluster of NADPH-d-positive neurons were occasionally present in the lamina propria of the laryngeal mucosa, in the connective tissue between the thyroid cartilage and intrinsic laryngeal muscle, and in the connective tissue near the cricoarytenoid joint. The present findings suggest that NO participates in the autonomic, sensory, and motor innervation of the larynx.
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WUTTKE, WERNER A., ROY T. SAWYER, and MICHAEL S. BERRY. "EXTRAGLANDULAR INNERVATION OF THE SALIVARY CELLS OF THE LEECH HAEMENTERIA GHILIANII: NEURONAL STIMULATION ELICITS GLAND-CELL ACTION POTENTIALS AND SECRETION." Journal of Experimental Biology 143, no. 1 (1989): 389–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.143.1.389.
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1. Each salivary gland cell of Haementeria extends a single process, or ductule, anteriorly into the proboscis; secretory products are released at the ductule ending. Some ductules secrete into the lumen of the proboscis and others at the outer surface of its tip, more than 5 cm from the gland in large leeches 2. Depolarization of a gland-cell body elicits action potentials which appear to be conducted along the ductule to its ending. Electrical stimulation of the proboscis tip elicits action potentials in those ductules which end there, and the impulses are propagated to the cell body (approx. 5cms−1) 3. Bathing the salivary glands in calcium-free saline causes spontaneous repetitive firing in the cell bodies and also elicits secretion at the proboscis tip (bathed in normal saline); the action potential thus appears to be a stimulus for secretion 4. A paired stomatogastric nerve, from the brain, enters the proboscis near its base. Cobalt-filling of the nerve shows numerous cell bodies in the brain and first body ganglion, and an intricate network of fibres and a cluster of stained cell bodies near its entry point in the proboscis 5. Repetitive stimulation of the stomatogastric nerve produces action potentials in certain gland cells, after a delay of at least 15 s, and also elicits secretion. The action potentials are initiated near the ductule tip, and are conducted to the cell body. The salivary glands themselves do not appear to be innervated 6. Application of acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine or octopamine (10−4 moll−1) does not initiate secretion. Neither dopamine nor octopamine excites the gland cells but ACh produces a transient suprathreshold depolarization of the cell body and occasionally elicits 1–3 ductule spikes when applied to the proboscis tip. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) produces secretion when applied to the proboscis but not when applied to the glands alone; it does not excite the cells, indicating that the action potential is not the only stimulus for secretion. 5-HT produces a depolarization, and increase in membrane resistance, in the cell body, and prevents the rapid adaptation of action potentials which occurs during maintained depolarization 7. Electrophoretic analysis shows that the protein compositions of secretions at the proboscis tip and in the lumen are completely different, with the tip apparently secreting only two major proteins. These same two protein bands occur in the cytoplasm of certain gland-cell bodies which can be distinguished in living glands on the basis of size and degree of staining with Methylene Blue 8. Following stimulation of the stomatogastric nerve, secretory products at the proboscis tip can be seen to emerge from discrete points which appear to be single ductule endings. This presents the possibility of studying excitation-secretion coupling in single cells
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Bolli, Peter, Paul Erne, Wolfgang Kiowski, Franz W. Amman та Fritz R. Bühler. "The adrenaline -α2-adrenoceptor-mediated vasoconstrictor axis". Clinical Science 68, s10 (1985): 141s—146s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs068s141.
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1. In patients with essential hypertension plasma adrenaline concentrations have been found to be higher than in normotensive subjects and this may represent increased adrenergic activity. Adrenaline released into the circulation can be taken up by the sympathetic nerve ending and as it is re-released as a co-transmitter it enhances exocytotic noradrenaline release by stimulating prejunctional β-adrenoceptors and as a consequence it contributes to postjunctional α1-adrenoceptor-induced vasoconstriction. Adrenaline may also induce vasoconstriction via post- and extra-junctional (α2-adrenoceptors, as shown by a decrease in the forearm blood flow during adrenaline infusions in the postjunctional α1- and β-blocked forearm vasculature, an effect that could be antagonized by α2-adrenoceptor blockade with yohimbine. 2. α2-Adrenoceptor stimulation in platelets showed an increased sensitivity to adrenaline, as determined by sensitivity in counteracting the inhibitor effect of PGI2 on intracellular free calcium concentration in untreated patients with essential hypertension, when compared with treated patients or normotensive subjects. As these effects can be normalized by antihypertensive treatment this suggests that the increased hormone sensitivity may be related to the elevated intracellular free calcium concentration. 3. Thus adrenaline, via pre- and post-junctional adrenoceptors, may contribute to enhanced vascular smooth muscle contraction, which most likely is sensitized by the elevated intracellular calcium concentration.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Free Nerve Ending"
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Moraes, Miguel Ricardo Barbosa. "AvaliaÃÃo histomorfomÃtrica dos mecanorreceptores e terminaÃÃes nervosas livres nos ligamentos laterais do tornozelo aplicada no estresse fisiolÃgico." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2006. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=113.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>A microscopia permite o conhecimento dos tecidos e possibilita avaliar a morfologia de vÃrias estruturas biolÃgicas. Os mecanorreceptores e terminaÃÃes nervosas livres sÃo as unidades elementares funcionais do sistema nervoso perifÃrico. Elas transmitem ao sistema nervoso central informaÃÃes fisiolÃgicas em forma de potencial de aÃÃo, quando os constituintes articulares, cÃpsulas, ligamentos e mÃsculos sÃo submetidos aos estresses do movimento e da dor. Foram avaliadas a presenÃa, localizaÃÃo e densidade dos mecanorreceptores e terminaÃÃes nervosas livres nos ligamentos laterais do tornozelo: talofibular anterior, calcaneofibular e talofibular posterior, em 24 tornozelos, de 13 cadÃveres masculinos, nÃo formalizados. A idade presumida variou de 18 a 65 anos com a mÃdia de 41,6 anos. Cada ligamento foi dividido em 3 partes ou regiÃes: proximal, central e distal para coloraÃÃo com o cloreto de ouro a 1%. Em seguida obtiveram-se cortes seriados de 20 micrÃmetros de espessura para estudos na microscopia de luz. Foram identificados 3 tipos de mecanorreceptores, Rufini, Pacini e Golgi alÃm das terminaÃÃes nervosas livres. Utilizou-se tambÃm a classificaÃÃo de Freeman e Wike, 1967. Realizou-se a contagem individual de cada terminaÃÃo neural atravÃs da histomorfometria por sistema de teste. Este mÃtodo permitiu relacionar a contagem com a Ãrea e encontrar a densidade de cada receptor por regiÃo em milÃmetro quadrado. Concluiu-se que houve predomÃnio das terminaÃÃes neurais, tipo Pacini em relaÃÃo Ãs demais (p < 0,001). Por outro lado, nÃo houve diferenÃa significante quando comparada a densidade total entre as 3 partes ou regiÃes e a densidade total entre os 3 ligamentos (p>0,05).<br>Microscopic examination of different tissues is widely used to evaluate the morphology of biological structures. When joint components such as capsules, ligaments and muscles are submitted to mechanic stress and pain, free nerves endings and mechanoreceptors located within these anatomical structures detect and relay this physiological information to the central nervous system. Ankle lateral ligaments (anterior talofibular, talocalcaneal and posterior talofibular) obtained from 24 ankles of 13 masculine non-formolized unclaimed cadavers were used in the study. Age ranged from 18 to 65 years (mean age: 41,6 years). Ligaments samples were divided into 3 equal parts (proximal, central and distal segments). Following tissue impregnation with gold chloride 1% solution, serial cuts (20Â thickness) were studied under light microscopy. Mechanoreceptors (Rufini, Pacini and Golgi) and free nervous endings were identified, according to Freeman and Wikeâs classification. Counting of individual mechanoreceptors and free nerves endings (histomorphometry) and evaluation of mechanoreceptor density in squared millimeter areas was carried out in all samples. There was a significant prevalence of Pacini (p<0.001) compared with Rufini and Golgi mechanoreceptors types. However, there was no significant difference in mechanoreceptors density in the different tendon segments analyzed (p>0.05).
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Junior, Josà Atualpa Pinheiro. "Analysis of mechanoreceptors and free nerve endings of previous band glenohumeral ligament with confoca microscopy and immunofluorescence." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16380.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior<br>The anterior band of the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) has an important role in the mechanical stability of the shoulder and is considered the main static stabilizer of the shoulder when the arm is in abduction and external rotation. Six anterior bands of IGHL were carefully dissected from the bone attachments to describe the morphology of the mechanoreceptors and free nerve endings and to elucidate the interaction between the proprioceptive system and shoulder mechanics. For immunostaining, a protein gene product 9.5 marker was used as the primary antibody and Alexa Fluor 488 was used as the secondary antibody, followed by image examination using confocal laser scanning microscopy. All the ligament samples contained Meissner corpuscles with a diameter between 30 and 65 μm and length between 80 and 400 μm. This is the first report of these corpuscles in IGHL. Furthermore, these ligaments contained Pacinian corpuscles, with a diameter between 40 and 80 μm and length between 100 and 180 μm, free nerve endings with fiber thickness between 3 and 7 μm and length between 300 and 700 μm, and unclassified nerve endings with irregular, spindle, and rectangular shapes. The mechanoreceptors were approximately 1.2% of the area of the ligament. There was a predominance of Meissner- and Pacini-type rapidly adapting mechanoreceptors. The density of mechanoreceptors was approximately 1.1026%, and the density when the analysis was with a depth between 400 and 500 μm was 1.6102% and greater depth between 1500 and 1850 μm, was 0.6018%. These findings help to elucidate the physiology of shoulder stability, where mechanoreceptors are stimulated by pressure and vibration mechanisms and can explain the neuronal pathophysiology of shoulder instability as a deficient activation of the afferent pathway. However, this hypothesis requires to be confirmed in experimental models.<br>A banda anterior do ligamento glenoumeral inferior (LGUI), possui uma importante funÃÃo na estabilidade mecÃnica do ombro, sendo considerado o principal estabilizador estÃtico do ombro, quando o braÃo encontra-se em abduÃÃo e rotaÃÃo externa. Seis bandas anteriores do LGUI foram cuidadosamente dissecadas para avaliaÃÃo da morfologia dos mecanorreceptores e terminaÃÃes nervosas livres, buscando compreender a interaÃÃo do sistema proprioceptivo e mecÃnico do ombro. Para imunihistoquimica foi utilizado um marcador tipo PGP 9.5 (protein gene product) como anticorpo primÃrio e Alexa Fluor 488 como anticorpo secundÃrio, seguido de anÃlise das lÃminas por microscopia confocal de varredura a laser. Observou-se em todos os ligamentos corpÃsculos de Meissner com diÃmetros que entre 30 e 65 μm e comprimentos entre 80 e 400 μm, sendo estes descritos pela primeira vez no ligamento glenoumeral inferior; o corpÃsculo de Pacini, com diÃmetro entre 40 e 80 μm e comprimento entre 100 e 180 μm e terminaÃÃes nervosas livres, onde as fibras apresentavam espessura entre 3 e 7 μm e comprimento entre 300 e 700 μm, alÃm de terminaÃÃes nervosas nÃo classificadas, com formas irregulares, fusiformes e retangulares. Observamos que na banda anterior do ligamento glenoumeral inferior o predomÃnio de mecanorreceptores de adaptaÃÃo rÃpida, tipo Meissner e Pacini. A densidade dos mecanorreceptores foi de aproximadamente 1,1026% ,sendo a densidade de 1,6102% quando a analise foi com profundidade entre 400 e 500 μm e de 0,6018%. com maior profundidade, entre 1500 e 1850 μm. Estes achados ajudam na compreensÃo da fisiologia de estabilidade do ombro, onde os mecanorreceptores sÃo estimulados atravÃs do mecanismo de pressÃo e vibraÃÃo, bem como poderiam explicar a fisiopatologia neuronal da instabilidade glenoumeral como sendo uma deficiÃncia da ativaÃÃo do sistema aferente a ser confirmado em modelo experimental
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Moraes, Miguel Ricardo Barbosa. "Histomorfometria dos mecanorreceptores e terminaÃÃes nervosas livres no quadril artrÃsico: estudo comparativo com quadril normal de cadÃver." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4175.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico<br>O interesse de pesquisadores pelo estudo do sistema proprioceptivo vem crescendo nas Ãltimas dÃcadas. Isto à decorrente da importÃncia da integridade deste sistema no tratamento das enfermidades ortopÃdicas. Os mecanorreceptores e as terminaÃÃes nervosas livres sÃo as unidades microscÃpicas fundamentais da propriocepÃÃo e do sistema nervoso aferente. Eles transmitem ao sistema nervoso central informaÃÃes fisiolÃgicas em forma de potencial de aÃÃo, quando as estruturas articulares, cÃpsula, ligamentos e mÃsculos, sÃo submetidas ao estresse do movimento. Foram avaliadas a presenÃa e a densidade dos mecanorreceptores na cÃpsula, ligamento da cabeÃa femoral e labrum acetabular de 45 quadris masculinos. Destes, 30 foram obtidos de pacientes do sexo masculino com artrose secundÃria (grupo I) durante artroplastia e 15 de cadÃveres frescos com articulaÃÃo do quadril normal (grupo II). A idade mÃdia do grupo I foi de 56,5 e do grupo II foi de 35,6 anos. Os fragmentos obtidos foram mensurados em 2mm e corados com cloreto de ouro a 1%. ApÃs fixaÃÃo os fragmentos foram seccionados com criostato, em sÃrie de 6 micrÃmetros de espessura e submetidos à microscopia de luz. Foram identificados trÃs tipos de mecanorreceptores: Ruffini, Pacini e Golgi, alÃm das terminaÃÃes nervosas livres de acordo com a classificaÃÃo de Freeman e Wike (1967). Em cada grupo foi determinado o nÃmero e a densidade de mecanorreceptores e em seguida foram comparados os resultados. Concluiu-se que o predomÃnio das terminaÃÃes tipo Pacini no gurpo controle foi significante quando comparado com os corpÃsculos tipo Rufini (p < 0,01) e Golgi (p < 0,001).Enquanto que no grupo artrose a densidade do tipo Golgi foi menor que o tipo Pacini(p < 0,001) e terminaÃÃes nervosas livres( p < 0,01).Por outro lado, quando comparados a densidade total das terminaÃÃes nervosas nos dois grupos observou-se uma reduÃÃo significante nos quadris artrÃsicos (p = 0.008). Isto sugere fortemente que a integridade do sistema proprioceptivo parece sofrer modificaÃÃes em quadris artrÃsicos, como conseqÃÃncia da reduÃÃo do nÃmero de terminaÃÃes nervosas. Estudos eletrofisiolÃgicos futuros serÃo necessÃrios para definir o papel das terminaÃÃes nervosas e o padrÃo proprioceptivo do quadril normal do quadril artrÃsico.<br>Proprioceptive studies have reported growing interest in investigators in the last few decades. This is result of relevant integrity of this system in the treatment of orthopedic diseases. Mechanoreceptors and free nerve endings are the microscopy basic units from proprioception and peripheral nervous system. They transmit to the central nervous system physiological information with detection threshold when the joint are submitted to mechanical stress. The presence and density of mechanoreceptors were investigated in the capsule, teres ligament and acetabulum labrum from 45 hips joint. Of these 30 were obtained from male patients (Group I) with secondary arthrosis at open arthoplasty and 15 of fresh cadaver with normal hip joint (Group II). The mean age of group I was 56,6 and the group II was 36,5 years. The fragments obtained were measured up to 2mm and stained with gold chloride 1%. After fixation the fragments were sectioned with cryostat at serial sections of 6Âm thickness and examined using light microscopy. We identified 3 types of mechanoreceptors: Ruffini, Pacini and Golgi corpuscles, as well free nerve endings according of Freeman and Wike classified 1967. Each group was determined the number and density of mechanoreceptors and then it was compared. We conclude that the number of Pacini type was significative when it was compared with Rufini ( p < 0,01 ) and Golgi types (p< 0,001), in the normal group. However, the denstity of the Golgi type was minor compared to the Pacini ( p < 0,001) and free nerve ending ( p < 0,01 ) in the arthrosis group. Therefore, when the density total of nerve endings in normal hips were compared with arthosis hips we founded that the number decreased (p = 0.008). This is suggests strongly that the integrity of proprioceptive system seems to be modified by arthosis in consequence of nerve endings numbers. In the future, electrophysiological studies will be necessary to determine the rule of nerve endings and proprioceptive system in the normal and arthosis hip.
Book chapters on the topic "Free Nerve Ending"
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Malinovský, Lubomír. "Mechanoreceptors and Free Nerve Endings." In Biology of the Integument. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00989-5_27.
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Heppelmann, B., K. Meßlinger, W. F. Neiss, and R. F. Schmidt. "The Sensory Terminal Tree of “Free Nerve Endings” in the Articular Capsule of the Knee." In The Primary Afferent Neuron. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0579-8_7.
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"Free Nerve Endings." In Encyclopedia of Pain. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_100827.
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Messlinger, Karl. "Chapter 17. Functional morphology of nociceptive and other fine sensory endings (free nerve endings) in different tissues." In Progress in Brain Research. Elsevier, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6123(08)61094-8.
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Terashima, Shin-ichi, Peng-Jia Jiang, Vinci Mizuhira, Hiroshi Hasegawa, and Mitsuru Notoya. "Temperature-Induced Changes in the Number of Vesicles in the Free Nerve Endings of Temperature Neurons of the Snake." In Infrared Receptors and the Trigeminal Sensory System. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003078395-6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Free Nerve Ending"
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Bult, H., H. Fret, A. G. Herman, F. Jordaens, F. A. M. Peeters, and T. J. Verbeuren. "ENDOTHELIUM CURTAILS THE TRANSFER OF PLATELET SEROTONIN INTO THE BLOOD VESSEL WALL." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643795.
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Blood platelets are the principal source of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) in the circulation. As it is assumed that 5HT release by activated platelets can influence vascular tone, we investigated whether platelet derived 5HT can penetrate from the lumen into the vessel wall. Venous blood was collected from pentobarbitone anaesthetized dogs on 5.8 mM EDTA, platelet rich plasma was prepared and incubated with 3H-5HT and 14c-adenine. After washing, a platelet suspension (PS, 108/ml) was made in Ca2+ free Krebs'. A segment of each saphenous vein was removed and de-endothelialized for about half (2-3 cm) of its length. The PS was perfused (37°C, 3 ml/min) for 15 min (4 dogs) or 30 min (4 dogs) through the lumen in the absence (one V. saphena) or presence (contralateral vein) of 0.1 unit thrombin/ml. Thereafter, 1 cm of the area with and the area without endothelium was excised, and these segments were washed 24 times with 5 ml Krebs. The 3H and 14c content of wash fluid and solubilized tissue was measured. The 12th wash contained 1.0 unit thrombin in order to verify that the 3H was not derived from adhering platelets. The 14c data indicated that - at low shear stress -similar platelet numbers adhere to the intima with or without endothelium, but in the absence of endothelium thrombin-induced aggregates remain loosely attached to the intima. The wash procedure removed the majority of these adhering platelets, as well as their 3H. In all tissues 3H accumulated, eg 708 dpm after 15 min and 1673 dpm after 30 min perfusion followed by washout. Both values were 7 to 10 fold enhanced when the platelet release reaction was induced with thrombin. In addition, endothelial denudation doubled the 3h accumulation under both circumstances. Previous experiments with soluble 5HT indicated that 70 % of the 3h is present in the adrenergic nerve terminals of the vessel. Application of the PS to the outside of the vessel led to a larger 3h accumulation, but then there was no indication of a difference between area's with or without endothelium.In conclusion, removal of the endothelial metabolic barrier enhanced vascular accumulation of 5HT, but the occurrence of a release reaction appeared to be more important in determining the access of platelet derived 5HT to vascular smooth muscle cells and adrenergic nerve endings.
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Geerligs, Marion, Lambert C. A. v. Breemen, Gerrit W. M. Peters, Paul A. J. Ackermans, Cees W. J. Oomens, and Frank P. T. Baaijens. "Mechanical Properties of the Epidermis and Stratum Corneum Determined by Submicron Indentation In Vitro." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204412.
Full textAbstract:
The outer skin layers are important drug and vaccine delivery targets in the treatment of diseases. These skin layers possess some important characteristics making them favorable sites for pain-free delivery with minimal damage: a rich population of immunologically sensitive cells as well as the lack of blood vessels and sensory nerve endings [1]. Until today, however, the development of effective cell targeting methods is acquainted with many challenges. A collective shortcoming is a poor understanding of the key mechanical properties of the outer skin layers, e.g. the stratum corneum and epidermis. The anisotropic, dynamic and very complex nature of skin makes it difficult to perform proper mechanical testing as well as to obtain reliable, reproducible data. The stratum corneum is an effective physical barrier of dead cells with a “brick-and-mortar” structure, while the viable epidermis mainly consists of actively migrating keratinocytes constantly undergoing massive morphological and compositional changes. As a consequence, the structure differences among the skin layers lead to significant variations in mechanical properties. Since there is no method available to determine the mechanical behavior of isolated viable epidermis in vivo or in vitro, the mechanical behavior of epidermis and stratum corneum only are investigated here. A commercially available indentation system has been adapted to enable the measurement of these thin soft tissues in an in vitro set up. Combining the outcomes of the two skin layer types leads to an assessment of the contribution of the viable epidermis to the mechanical behavior of skin. To our knowledge, no data have been published yet regarding mechanical bulk properties of (viable) epidermis, while no consistency exists with respect to those of the stratum corneum.