Relevant bibliographies by topics / Free of administration

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Free of administration'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 8 March 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Free of administration"

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Stoinea, Vasilică. "Flawed Administration through the Lens of Free Access to Public Information." Perspectives of Law and Public Administration 13, no. 1 (2024): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.62768/plpa/2024/13/1/02.

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This paper conducts an analysis of the concept of "good administration" in contrast to the concept of "flawed administration", with both concepts being examined through the lens of free access to public information. Issues related to access to public information are often timely and can have a significant impact on society and political processes. Therefore, research in this field can be particularly relevant and can capture public attention. Transparent and responsible public administration is essential for good governance. This theme can contribute to identifying issues of flawed administrat
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Prasad, Kamala. "Free, Fair, Peaceful Election and the Administration." Indian Journal of Public Administration 37, no. 3 (1991): 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556119910313.

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JELENIEWSKA, JAGODA, JULIA MOTŁAWSKA, OLIWIA BŁASZKIEWICZ, and JĘDRZEJ M. JAŚKOWSKI. "Modern needle-free systems for livestock drug administration." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 81, no. 10 (2025): 7072–2025. https://doi.org/10.21521/mw.7072.

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Needle-free drug delivery systems are a modern method of administering medications without the use of needles. These systems enable rapid and effective drug delivery, minimizing pain and enhancing both the safety and efficiency of treatment. Although their implementation may require initial investment from producers, needle-free technologies address many of the limitations associated with conventional injection methods, offering a safer, more cost-effective, and versatile alternative. Recent studies have shown that needle-free injection systems are as effective as traditional methods for anima
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Khunga, CC. "Modern States’ Administration: Cases of Nigeria and Sudan." JOURNAL OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVES 8, no. 1 (2023): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.55190/mvgs6083.

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The main purpose of this article is to examine the role played by modern states in administration, using Nigeria and Sudan as case studies. Modern states have become predominant basis on which political authority and power are constructed, playing important roles in administration and governance of countries. They ensure that citizens are protected and that there is stability, both internally and externally. Using open systems theory and content analysis, this article conducted a systematic review of literature. The article finds that Nigeria and Sudan administrations have not been effective d
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Agosti, Emanuela, Provera Alessia, Laila L. Gadipudi, et al. "Cholesterol-Free Ketogenic Diet Administration Ameliorates Experimental Metabolic Syndrome." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (2021): A43—A44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.085.

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Abstract Background and Aims: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a pathologic condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The prevalence of MetS parallels the rise of obesity rate reaching pandemic proportions due to the increased consumption of high-calories-high-fat-high-carbohydrates low-fibers diet associated with a sedentary lifestyle. MetS is associated with a plethora of comorbidities as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Noteworthy, NAFLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of MetS, and it can further progress to non-alcoholic
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Ehrl, Denis, Svenja Pistek, Clemens Rieder, et al. "Impact of Postoperative Norepinephrine Administration on Free Flap Flow." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 24 (2024): 7816. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13247816.

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Background/Objectives: The perioperative interplay between blood pressure, vasopressors, and macrocirculation is well established. However, in the context of free flap surgery, the potential impact of these factors on microvascular flow remains elusive. The aim was to evaluate the impact of norepinephrine administration on the microcirculation of free flaps. Methods: Postoperative systolic blood pressure (sBP), norepinephrine infusion rates (NIRs), and free flap microcirculation were monitored prospectively and analyzed retrospectively in patients receiving free flap surgery who required posto
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Grant, Kathleen A., and Herman H. Samson. "Oral self administration of ethanol in free feeding rats." Alcohol 2, no. 2 (1985): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-8329(85)90067-9.

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Grant, Kathleen A., and Chris Ellyn Johanson. "Oral Ethanol Self-Administration in Free-Feeding Rhesus Monkeys." Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research 12, no. 6 (1988): 780–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1988.tb01345.x.

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Bartnikas, Lisa M., Michelle F. Huffaker, William J. Sheehan, et al. "Impact of school peanut-free policies on epinephrine administration." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 140, no. 2 (2017): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2017.01.040.

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Bartnikas, Lisa M., Michelle F. Huffaker, William J. Sheehan, et al. "Impact Of School Peanut-Free Guidelines On Epinephrine Administration." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 133, no. 2 (2014): AB207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.743.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Free of administration"

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McCormley, Molly. "Endocrine responses to repeated adrenocorticotropic hormone administration in free-ranging elephant." Scholarly Commons, 2018. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/3127.

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Understanding the physiological response of marine mammals to anthropogenic stressors can inform marine ecosystem conservation strategies. Stress stimulates release of glucocorticoid (GC) hormones, which increase energy substrate availability while suppressing energy-intensive processes. Exposure to repeated stressors can potentially affect an animal’s ability to respond to and recover from subsequent challenges. To assess the endocrine response of a marine mammal to repeated stressors, we administered adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to free-ranging juvenile northern elephant seals (Miroung
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Page, Robert O. "Church administration for growth past one thousand." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2004. http://www.tren.com.

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Samuel, Dorit. "A comparative risk return analysis and performance evaluation of tax free municipal bond funds." Connect to resource, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261237556.

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Fuentes, Graciela. "Constitutional guarantees and normative limits to free communication." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26444.

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The purpose of this work is to analyze the principles of human rights theory underlying the protection of freedom of expression and the normative limits imposed on communication. The analysis involves those principles argued in American and Canadian judicial review.<br>The curtailment of sexual expression is at the core of the discussion of the nature of human beings and their relationship with the state power. By analyzing the way in which governments ban sexual messages, one can infer with a great degree of accuracy how they will react toward other forms of expression. This connection can be
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Conrad, Stanley M. "The relationship of the Japan Evangelical Free Church Mission and the Japan Evangelical Free Church Conference a survey and an analysis /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1993. http://www.tren.com.

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Weiss, Thomas. "Das Weltzollrecht der WTO und Kyoto-Übereinkommen am Beispiel der ASEAN und Indonesiens /." Hamburg : Kovač, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014662593&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Chukwu, Idam Oko. "Public expenditures and crime in a free society." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1802.

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Sundelin, Viktoria, and Hennig Anton Pellettieri. "Free float och marknadsreaktionen vid annonsering av kvartalsrapporter : En studie av svenska noterade bolag." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448266.

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Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det finns en effekt av free float på avvikelseavkastning vid publicering av kvartalsrapporter på den svenska aktiemarknaden. Urvalet består av A- och B-aktier noterade på Nasdaq Stockholm som studeras under Q2, Q3och Q4 år 2020. Det hypotiseras att det uppstår avvikelseavkastning vid publicering avkvartalsrapporter, samt att det föreligger en negativ relation mellan andelar free float ochkumulativ avvikelseavkastning. En eventstudie utförs för att studera avvikelseavkastning för10 dagar runt publiceringsdatumet för kvartalsrapporten. Resultatet visar på a
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Benedict, James. "Chronic Disease Management of the Uninsured Patient at Ohio Free Clinics." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2713.

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Management of chronic disease requires a different service delivery model from that of acute illness. The uninsured population experience poorer health status and increased incidence of chronic disease than do the insured population. The purpose of this study was to identify the supports and barriers present in providing chronic disease management to patients at Ohio free clinics. Wagner's theory of chronic disease management served as the theoretical lens. The sequential, exploratory mixed methods study collected data from 13 free clinics belonging to the Ohio Association of Free Clinics (OAF
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Saleh, Amir Mostafa. "Adoção de tecnologia: um estudo sobre o uso de software livre nas empresas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-06122004-123821/.

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O software livre tem sido, nos últimos anos, objeto de atenção por parte dos profissionais e da imprensa especializada em informática. Na bibliografia sobre o assunto, é possível verificar que existem, e estão disponíveis, softwares livres com sofisticação suficiente para atender a grande parte das demandas empresariais. Verifica-se também que podem existir vantagens concretas em sua utilização, principalmente no que tange a redução de custos. No entanto, a participação de mercado desses programas é muito pequena, e está restrita somente a nichos específicos. Esta dissertação procura identi
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Books on the topic "Free of administration"

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Service, U. S. Customs, ed. U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement: Customs administration. Dept. of the Treasury, U.S. Customs Service, 1989.

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Service, U. S. Customs, ed. U.S./Canada free trade agreement: Customs administration. Dept. of the Treasury, U.S. Customs Service, 1992.

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Service, U. S. Customs, ed. U.S./Canada free trade agreement: Customs administration. Dept. of the Treasury, U.S. Customs Service, 1992.

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Service, U. S. Customs, ed. U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement: Customs administration. Dept. of the Treasury, U.S. Customs Service, 1989.

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Service, U. S. Customs, ed. U.S./Canada free trade agreement: Customs administration. Dept. of the Treasury, U.S. Customs Service, 1992.

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Service, U. S. Customs, ed. U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement: Customs administration. Dept. of the Treasury, U.S. Customs Service, 1989.

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Service, U. S. Customs, ed. U.S.-Canada Free Trade Agreement: Customs administration. Dept. of the Treasury, U.S. Customs Service, 1989.

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Hewitt, Doug. Free college resource book. Prufrock Press, 2010.

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Hewitt, Doug. Free college resource book. Prufrock Press, 2010.

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Hewitt, Doug. Free college resource book. Prufrock Press, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Free of administration"

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Mansergh, Nicholas, and W. G. S. Adams. "Internal Administration." In The Irish Free State. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003326021-12.

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Weik, Martin H. "free-space administration." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary. Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_7583.

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Etzioni, Amitai. "Free Speech Versus Safe Space." In Library of Public Policy and Public Administration. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69623-2_8.

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Sloat, Brian R., Hoi K. Tran, and Zhengrong Cui. "Needle-Free Jet Injection for Vaccine Administration." In Vaccinology. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118345313.ch21.

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Rudanko, Juhani. "Attacks on the Madison Administration in the Federal Republican in Early 1813." In Fallacies and Free Speech. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67877-7_4.

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Krawczyk, Kelly Ann. "Ghana’s 2012 General Election: Free, Fair, and Flawed?" In The Future of Election Administration. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18541-1_12.

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Pacillo, Edith L. "Beyond Labels: Pornography, Violence, and Free Speech." In Library of Public Policy and Public Administration. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05989-7_17.

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Cargnoni, Anna, Palmira Bernocchi, Claudio Ceconi, Salvatore Curello, and Roberto Ferrari. "In Vitro Ergothioneine Administration Failed to Protect Isolated Ischaemic and Reperfused Rabbit Heart." In Free Radicals in Diagnostic Medicine. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1833-4_49.

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Mirza, Moonis, Tarun Goyal, and Lata Goyal. "Barrier-Free Healthcare Design for Patients with Disabilities." In A Guide to Hospital Administration and Planning. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6692-7_14.

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Momen, Md Nurul. "Threats to Free Expression in the Digital Age." In Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_3897-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Free of administration"

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Biswas, A., M. Srinivasan, J. Allmaras, E. Alerstam, A. Velasco, and E. Wollman. "Deep Space Optical Communications Technology Demonstration." In Applications of Lasers for Sensing and Free Space Communications. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/lsc.2024.lsth3c.1.

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Space-to-ground high data-rate (6.25 to 267 Mb/s) deep space optical communications over distances of 0.2 to 2.7 astronomical units (AU) were demonstrated with a space payload hosted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Psyche Mission spacecraft, (launched, October 13, 2023), and ground assets. The system implementation and results are summarized.
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Lewis, Pattie L., and Jerome P. Curran. "Environmentally Preferable Corrosion Protection of Structural Steel." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08217.

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Abstract The U.S. space program is responsible for a number of facilities with metallic structural and nonstructural components in highly and moderately corrosive environments. To protect against the effects of corrosion, such structures are commonly covered with a coating system consisting of a zinc primer, intermediate coating, and topcoat. The most common topcoats used in such systems are polyurethanes that contain isocyanates and other hazardous materials. Their use, however, is being threatened by safety and environmental concerns and increasing regulations. In order to ensure mission rea
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Cummings, Barbara, and Ahren Olson. "Polyurethane Coatings: OSHA’S NEP Program and Review of the Safe Use and Handling of High Performance Coatings from the Isocyanate Supplier’S Perspective." In SSPC 2014 Greencoat. SSPC, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2014-00012.

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The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) was passed to protect workers from death or serious harm and requires employers to provide their employees with working conditions that are free of known dangers. The Act created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which sets and enforces protective workplace safety and health standards. OSHA also provides information, training and assistance to workers and employers. As a part of worker safety, OSHA develops National Emphasis Programs (NEPs) to focus inspections and outreach efforts on specific hazards in a workpla
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Banerjee, Gautam, and Albert E. Miller. "Controlling Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Cooling Water Applications." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98219.

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Abstract Cr(VI) containing salts have been in use for a long time as one of the best inhibitors for minimizing corrosion of carbon steel in cooling water applications. Irrespective of the type of system, i.e., once through, open recirculating, pressurized water reactor power plants, etc. and irrespective of the conductivity of water, i.e., low or high, Cr(VI) salts always have proven to be very effective inhibitors. However, the toxicity of chromate compounds and the consequential disposal difficulties have made it essential to look for an alternate treatment. It is however, imperative that th
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Gichuhi, Tony, and David Tarjan. "Corrosion Control without the Use of Toxic Heavy Metals." In SSPC 2013 Greencoat. SSPC, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2013-00068.

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Abstract Until recently heavy metal based corrosion inhibitors were widely accepted as the best materials that could provide the corrosion protection needed in coatings. Corrosion inhibitors provide an indispensable function in protective coatings. The performance of a coating under corrosive conditions requires that corrosion inhibitors provide sustainable protection during the coatings lifetime. The coating industry however is challenged to be more cognizant of the impact toxic metals have on human health and the environment. In response to a REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization an
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Paula, Mirela. "NEW ROMANIAN LEGISLATIVE LANDMARKS ON THE ACQUISITION OF PRIVATE PROPERTY RIGHTS FOR MINORS AND PEOPLE ASSOCIATED TO THEM." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/s02/13.

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The present study starts from the broad context of the recent legislative changes introduced by the entry into force of Law no. 140/2022 regarding some protection measures for people with intellectual and psychosocial disabilities, a law that amended and supplemented the provisions of the Civil Code and the Code of Civil Procedure in the matter of the protection of natural persons. The normative act modified these measures in a more nuanced and comprehensive manner, by referring also to European and international legislation, ratified by Romania, establishing new mechanisms for the protection
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Lee, Seung-Kyoung. "Characterizing Corrosion Behavior of Disbonded Epoxy Coated Reinforcing Steel – Updated Results." In CORROSION 2008. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08312.

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Abstract An in-house research project employing epoxy coated reinforcing steel bars (ECRs) was launched in March 2006 at Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center of Federal Highway Administration (FHWA). The main objective of the study was to investigate effectiveness of disbonded ECRs and it was based on a concern whether ECR could be effectively corrosion resistant, even if it lost its original coating adhesion property. The present lab study is being carried out with ECRs having various conditions including coating disbondment. Poor quality concrete with w/cm = 0.55 and a high performance co
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Melissari, E., M. F. Scully, C. Parker, R. Hedges, and V. V. Kakkar. "PLASMA FREE PROTEIN S AND OESTROGEN ADMINISTRATION." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644295.

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It has been shown that protein S has a cofactor role for the anticoagulant and fibrinolytic activity of activated protein C (APC) and that the free protein S fraction is the main cofactor for the APC. Here we report free protein S levels from three groups of women on oral oestrogen. Group A: Five post menopausal women (36-48 years), on oestradiol valerate (as hormone replacement therapy after hysterectomy-oophorectomy) mean free protein S was 62.8% ( 2SD below normal adult mean). Group B: Seven young women (20-25 years) on the contraceptive pill. Two had normal levels of free protein S (100% a
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Eliawati, Titim. "Resource Acquisition in Providing Free Education for Street Children." In 6th International Conference on Educational, Management, Administration and Leadership. Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemal-16.2016.19.

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MIHALCIOIU, Raluca-Marilena. "Free trade vs. Protectionism – the end of globalization!?" In The 4th International Conference on Economic Sciences and Business Administration. Fundatia Romania de Maine, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26458/v4.i1.34.

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Reports on the topic "Free of administration"

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Staples, Brian Rankin. Capacity Building-Implementation and Administration of Free Trade Agreements: Service-Investment Provisions. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008415.

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This paper draws on the experience of Mexico in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and on the experiences of four Latin American countries in the implementation of their services and investment obligations in their FTAs with the United States: Chile (United States-Chile FTA), Costa Rica and El Salvador (Dominican Republic-Central America-United States FTA, or CAFTA-DR), and Peru (United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement, or PTPA), referred to herein as the "other" or "new" FTAs. The paper highlights the provisions of these agreements (investment, cross-border trade in services
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Robert, Maryse. Capacity Building for the Implementation and Administration of Free Trade Agreements: Implementing Service and Investment Provisions. Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008418.

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This paper draws on the experience of Mexico in the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and on the experiences of four Latin American countries in the implementation of their services and investment obligations in their FTAs with the United States: Chile (United States-Chile FTA), Costa Rica and El Salvador (Dominican Republic-Central America-United States FTA, or CAFTA-DR), and Peru (United States-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement, or PTPA). The paper highlights the provisions of these agreements (investment, cross-border trade in services, financial services, and telecommunications), an
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Briones, Roehlano, Roberto Clemente, Arlene Inocencio, Roger Jr Luyun, and Agnes Rola. Assessment of the Free Irrigation Service Act. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2019. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2019.14.

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The country's irrigation systems have had a long history of recovering maintenance cost from farmers. The Free Irrigation Service Act (FISA) of 2018 was a radical departure from this policy. Based on examining secondary data, and primary information from key informant interviews and focus group discussions, this study conducts a preliminary assessment of the policy change. The assessment finds that the main benefit to farmers from free irrigation is the savings from paying the irrigation service fee in the case of national irrigation systems (NIS); and the subsidy for operations and maintenanc
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Acred, Aleksander, Milena Devineni, and Lindsey Blake. Opioid Free Anesthesia to Prevent Post Operative Nausea/Vomiting. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0006.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in opioid-utilizing and opioid-free general anesthesia. Background PONV is an extremely common, potentially dangerous side effect of general anesthesia. PONV is caused by a collection of anesthetic and surgical interventions. Current practice to prevent PONV is to use 1-2 antiemetics during surgery, identify high risk patients and utilize tracheal intubation over laryngeal airways when indicated. Current research suggests minimizing the use of volatile anesthetics and opioids can reduce t
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Yibchok-anun, Sirintorn, Sophon Roengsumran, and H. Hsu, Walter. Protein extract from fruit pulp of Siamese momordica charantia with insulin secretagogue and insulin-like activities. Chulalongkorn University, 2004. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2004.84.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of zinc-free protein extract from bitter gourd fruit pulp on plasma glucose concentration and insulin responses in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, we investigated the direct effect of the MC protein extract on insulin and glucagons secretions from the perfused rat pancreas as well as glucose uptake in C2C12 rat myocytes and 3T3-L1 rat adipocytes. The protein from Thai bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) fruit pulp was extracted and studied for its hypoglycemic effect. Subcutaneous administration of the protein extract (5 an
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Akalu, Mulugeta, Misganaw Gashaw, and Zerihun Asegid. The Tax Response to COVID-19 in Ethiopia: Lessons for the Future. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.002.

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The government of Ethiopia, like other governments, has provided tax response measures in order to mitigate the socio-economic impacts of COVID-19. These measures, among others, include a waiver of outstanding tax liabilities that taxpayers owe to the government; a tax amnesty or relief on interest and penalties for tax debt; and an extension of filing and tax payment deadlines. These tax measures were adopted with the purposes of helping affected businesses, to keep employees at work, to stimulate the economy and to reduce COVID-19 infections. To be effective, tax relief measures should have
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Chepeliev, Maksym, Wally Tyner, and Dominique van der Mensbrugghe. How Differing Trade Policies May Impact U.S. Agriculture: The Potential Economic Impacts of TPP, USMCA, and NAFTA. GTAP Working Paper, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp84.

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In the last two years, the United States has reversed the post-World War II trend toward the lowering of trade barriers and a commitment towards multilateral free trade. Citing a need to “level the playing field” and hold trading partners accountable to their commitments, the current Administration has moved towards a more protectionist and perhaps mercantilist position vis-à-vis trade policy. One of the Administration’s first actions in this regard was the decision to leave the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) agreement, followed thereafter by raising tariffs on steel and aluminum imports. The
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Jenkins, Glenn P., and Chun-Yan Kuo. Belize Fiscal Study. Inter-American Development Bank, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008739.

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This paper is a review of the fiscal system of Belize. The emphasis of the study is on the revenue system in terms of its design, administration and its effectiveness in revenue mobilization. Belize is facing a critical public sector deficit situation, but its revenue system, although somewhat unconventional, is performing remarkably well. This study has reviewed each of the components of the revenue system to determine what improvements could be made in order to both enhance the economic characteristics of each of the taxes as well as to increase its revenue raising effectiveness. A major cha
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9

Lumpkin, Shamsie, Isaac Parrish, Austin Terrell, and Dwayne Accardo. Pain Control: Opioid vs. Nonopioid Analgesia During the Immediate Postoperative Period. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0008.

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Background Opioid analgesia has become the mainstay for acute pain management in the postoperative setting. However, the use of opioid medications comes with significant risks and side effects. Due to increasing numbers of prescriptions to those with chronic pain, opioid medications have become more expensive while becoming less effective due to the buildup of patient tolerance. The idea of opioid-free analgesic techniques has rarely been breached in many hospitals. Emerging research has shown that opioid-sparing approaches have resulted in lower reported pain scores across the board, as well
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10

Megersa, Kelbesa, Fabrizio Santoro, Adrienne Lees, et al. Technology and Tax: Adoption and Impacts of E-services in Rwanda. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2023.029.

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Many low-income countries are increasingly digitising their tax services, which can bring a range of benefits, from reducing compliance costs and improving record-keeping, to limiting opportunities for corruption and increasing fairness in the tax system. However, the success of these benefits depends on adequate levels of awareness and adoption of e-services among taxpayers; where these levels are suboptimal, tax e-services may produce only partial benefits. This paper examines the extent of awareness and uptake of tax e-services in Rwanda from a pre-pandemic situation up to two years into th
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