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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Free particle

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Academic literature on the topic 'Free particle'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 22 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Free particle"

1

LEU, TZONG-SHYNG, and CHING-YI PAI. "PARTICLE-FREE EXTRACTION BY USING MICROCHANNEL STRUCTURES." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 19 (January 2012): 237–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s201019451200880x.

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Modern separation methods of particles are usually prepared by large equipments. In this study, microfluidic chips with backward-facing-step (BFS) microchannel structures and centrifugal force are used to extract particle-free fluid from physical samples at the branch. Numerical simulation and experimental studies were performed to investigate the effects of inlet Reynolds number ( Re 0), as well as the particle-free fluid outlet Reynolds number ( Re 1), on the minimum radius of particles (R) that can be excluded from the particle-free fluid outlet channel. The fraction of the volumetric flow rate of particle-free extraction α (=extraction flow rate/inlet flow rate) was also obtained to evaluate the efficiency of particle-free extraction. Based on the numerical and experimental results, it is found that the design with 90° elbow inlet channel has a better performance than straight inlet channel. In this experiment, 1.0 μm radius of particles can be successfully separated from the fluid, and the volumetric fraction of the extraction flow rate was approximately 1.8% when inlet and outlet Reynolds numbers are 90 and 3.0 respectively.

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Orozco, Luisa Fernanda, Jean-Yves Delenne, Philippe Sornay, and Farhang Radjai. "Effect of particle shape on particle breakage inside rotating cylinders." EPJ Web of Conferences 249 (2021): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124907002.

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We study the influence of particle shape on the evolution of particle breakage process taking place inside rotating cylinders. Extensive particle dynamics simulations taking into account the dynamics of the granular flow, particle breakage, and polygonal particle shapes were carried out. We find that the rate of particle breakage is faster in samples composed of initially rounder particles. The analysis of the active flowing layer thickness suggests that for samples composed of rounder particles a relatively lower dilatancy and higher connectivity lead to a less curved free surface profile. As a result, rounder particles rolling down the free surface have a higher mobility and thus higher velocities. In consequence, the faster breakage observed for rounder initial particles is due to the larger particles kinetic energy at the toe of the flow.

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Good, R. H. "‘‘Free‐particle’’ software." American Journal of Physics 54, no. 12 (1986): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.14737.

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Donzel, Lise, Martin Seeger, Daniel Over, and Jan Carstensen. "Metallic Particle Motion and Breakdown at AC Voltages in CO2/O2 and SF6." Energies 15, no. 8 (2022): 2804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15082804.

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This study deals with gaseous insulation contaminated by free moving particles. Two gases were investigated: SF6 (0.45 MPa) and a CO2/O2 gas mixture (0.75 MPa). Video recordings were used to track a free particle moving between a plate and a Rogowski electrode for validation of a 1D particle motion model. The effect of fixed and free particles (4 or 8 mm, Ø 0.9 mm) on the breakdown voltage and the mean time between breakdowns was determined in a concentric set of electrodes. The value of the breakdown voltage for a free particle was between those of a particle fixed to the enclosure and the central electrode. The particle motion in the concentric case could not be observed in the experimental set-up and was therefore simulated using a 1D model. For the 4 mm free particle, the breakdown seemed to be initiated in the inter-electrode gap in CO2 and at the crossing in SF6, while for the 8 mm particle, breakdown occurred at lift-off in both gases. A parameter k describing the width of the time to breakdown distribution was introduced. A low value of k was associated with the breakdown from the particles at the electrodes, while k was larger than 10 when the breakdown was decided during particle flight.

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Jiang, Fang, and Guo Guang Cheng. "Inclusion Removal at the Free Surface of Steel Bath by Bubble Flotation." Advanced Materials Research 399-401 (November 2011): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.399-401.216.

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In the present work, physical model experiments were carried out to clarify the inclusion removal at the free surface of steel bath. Polyethylene particles were used to simulate the non-wetting inclusions like alumina and silica. The influence of gas flow rate and bubble size on the inclusion removal at the free surface was evaluated. It is demonstrated that not all particles are removed when they arrive at the free surface of liquid bath, and those which are not removed will get back to the bath. It is found an annular particle layer is formed by the removed particles at free surface, which can capture other particles arriving at the free surface. However, the attachment of particles to the annular particle layer is not stable, and re-entrainment of particles occurs at high gas flow rate. It is shown the overall particle removal is determined by a balance of removal and re-entrainment. The particle removal constant increases with the increase in the gas flow rate, but decreases with the increase in bubble size. The equilibrium concentration of particles increases with the increase in gas flow rate and bubble size.

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Light, Adam D., Hariharan Srinivasulu, Christopher J. Hansen, and Michael R. Brown. "Counterintuitive Particle Confinement in a Helical Force-Free Plasma." Plasma 8, no. 2 (2025): 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/plasma8020020.

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The force-free magnetic field solution formed in a high-aspect ratio cylinder is a non-axisymmetric (m=1), closed magnetic structure that can be produced in laboratory experiments. Force-free equilibria can have strong field gradients that break the usual adiabatic invariants associated with particle motion, and gyroradii at measured conditions can be large relative to the gradient scale lengths of the magnetic field. Individual particle motion is largely unexplored in force-free systems without axisymmetry, and it is unclear how the large gradients influence confinement. To understand more about how particles remain confined in these configurations, we simulate a thermal distribution of protons moving in a high-aspect-ratio force-free magnetic field using a Boris stepper. The particle loss is logarithmic in time, which suggests trapping and/or periodic orbits. Many particles do remain confined in particular regions of the field, analogous to trapped particles in other magnetic configurations. Some closed flux surfaces can be identified, but particle orbits are not necessarily described by these surfaces. We show examples of orbits that remain on well-defined surfaces and discuss the statistical properties of confined and escaping particles.

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Yung, Cheuk-Man, Christopher S. Ward, Katherine M. Davis, Zackary I. Johnson, and Dana E. Hunt. "Insensitivity of Diverse and Temporally Variable Particle-Associated Microbial Communities to Bulk Seawater Environmental Parameters." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, no. 11 (2016): 3431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00395-16.

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ABSTRACTThere is a growing recognition of the roles of marine microenvironments as reservoirs of biodiversity and as sites of enhanced biological activity and in facilitating biological interactions. Here, we examine the bacterial community inhabiting free-living and particle-associated seawater microenvironments at the Pivers Island Coastal Observatory (PICO). 16S rRNA gene libraries from monthly samples (July 2013 to August 2014) were used to identify microbes in seawater in four size fractions: >63 μm (zooplankton and large particles), 63 to 5 μm (particles), 5 to 1 μm (small particles/dividing cells), and <1 μm (free-living prokaryotes). Analyses of microbial community composition highlight the importance of the microhabitat (e.g., particle-associated versus free-living lifestyle) as communities cluster by size fraction, and the microhabitat explains more of the community variability than measured environmental parameters, including pH, particle concentration, projected daily insolation, nutrients, and temperature. While temperature is statistically associated with community changes in the <1-μm and 5- to 1-μm fractions, none of the measured bulk seawater environmental variables are statistically significant in the larger-particle-associated fractions. These results, combined with high particle-associated community variability, especially in the largest size fraction (i.e., >63 μm), suggest that particle composition, including eukaryotes and their associated microbiomes, may be an important factor in selecting for specific particle-associated bacteria.IMPORTANCEBy comparing levels of particle-associated and free-living bacterial diversity at a coastal location over the course of 14 months, we show that bacteria associated with particles are generally more diverse and appear to be less responsive to commonly measured environmental variables than free-living bacteria. These diverse and highly variable particle-associated communities are likely driven by differences in particle substrates both within the water column at a single time point and due to seasonal changes over the course of the year.

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Tu, Chengxu, and Jian Zhang. "Nanoparticle-laden gas flow around a circular cylinder at high Reynolds number." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 24, no. 8 (2014): 1782–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-03-2013-0101.

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Purpose – Experiments to investigate the characteristic distribution of nanoparticle-laden gas flow around a circular cylinder were performed with a fast mobility particle spectrometer. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The fast mobility particle sizer spectrometer is used to measure quasi-instantaneous particle number density. The acquired particle number density, total concentration, and geometric mean diameter at free stream and in the wake were used to discuss the particle characteristic distribution. The time-averaged velocity field detected by particle imaging velocimetry was used to investigate the effect of carried phase on nanoparticles distribution. Findings – Results show that the total particle concentration in the free stream is larger than that in the wake. However, the geometric mean diameter of particle in the free stream is smaller than that in the wake for different Re. The total particle concentration and geometric mean diameter in the free stream and the wake both change in the same way, but with an obvious lag which increases with Re. Despite particle deposition, the number density of particles with electrical-mobility-equivalent diameters in the range from 220.7 to 523.3 nm in the wake is still higher than that in the free stream. Originality/value – Though the particles-laden gas flow around a circular cylinder had been studied experimentally and numerically before, where particles are larger than one micrometer, investigators paid little attention on the nanoparticles-laden gas flow where particles are smaller than one micrometer, especially at high Reynolds number, because numerical methods so far cannot deal these problems completely and satisfactorily. However, this issue is widely existing in nature and engineering application, such as superfine dust or microorganism captured by a circular cylinder model.

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Rivas, M. "Classical particle systems. I. Galilei free particle." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 18, no. 11 (1985): 1971–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/18/11/021.

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Song, Min, Ian Baker, and David M. Cole. "The effect of particles on creep rate and microstructures of granular ice." Journal of Glaciology 54, no. 186 (2008): 533–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214308785836959.

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AbstractThe microstructures of particle-free granular freshwater ice and ice containing 1 wt.% of 50 ± 10 mm uniformly distributed particles were investigated before and after compressive creep to ∼10% strain with stresses of 1.45 MPa at −10°C and 0.4 MPa at −5°C. Creep rates of particle-containing ice were always higher than those of particle-free ice. For an initial stress of 1.45 MPa at −10°C, dynamic recrystallization occurred with new grains nucleating and growing along grain boundaries for both sets of specimens, and the ice with particles showed a higher nucleation rate. Under creep with an initial stress of 0.4 MPa at −5°C, dynamic recrystallization also occurred by the nucleation and growth of new grains along the grain boundaries for ice containing particles, but recrystallization in the particle-free ice occurred through grain boundary migration.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Free particle"

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Schindler, Michael. "Free-surface microflows and particle transport." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981130003.

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Bachmaier, Fabian. "The free particle on q-Minkowski space." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/archive/00001917.

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Bachmaier, Fabian. "The free particle on q-Minkowski space." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-19176.

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Rees, M. D. "Moving point, particle and free-Lagrange methods." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235079.

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Gillingham, David R. "Free electron laser single-particle dynamics theory." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA246245.

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Thesis (M.S. in Physics)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.<br>Thesis Advisor(s): Colson, William B. Second Reader: Maruyama, Xavier K. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 31, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): Free Electron Lasers, Computerized Simulations, Parmela Computer Programs, Cray Computers, Theses. Author(s) subject terms: Free Electron Lasers, Computerized Simulation. Includes bibliographical references (p. 52-53). Also available in print.

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Condliffe, Jamie. "Particle characterization by acoustic microscopy following needle-free injection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534156.

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Mack, Stuart Anderson. "Experimental and computational study of the behaviour of free-cells in discharging silos." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/experimental-and-computational-study-of-the-behaviour-of-freecells-in-discharging-silos(1f0b6130-7c2c-4a96-ad56-54ff71af2e98).html.

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This study aims to deduce an appropriate shape and density for an electronic free-cell that could be placed into a silo so that position and other desired physical parameters could be recorded. To determine how density and shape affects the trajectory and displacement of free cells, the trajectory and displacement of cylindrical, cuboid and triangular prism free-cells of equivalent volume was investigated in a discharging quasi 3D silo slice. The free-cells were placed at twelve different starting positions spread evenly over one half of the 3D slice. Tests were conducted using a monosized batch of spherical particles with a diameter of approximately 5 mm. Tests were also conducted in a binary mixture consisting of particles of different sizes (5 mm/4 mm) and the same density (1.28 g/cm3) and a binary mixture consisting of particles of different size (6 mm/5 mm) and different densities (1.16 g/cm3/1.28 g/cm3).The rotation of the free cells was also briefly discussed.Computer simulations were conducted using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). The simulation employed the spring-slider-dashpot contact model to represent the normal and tangential force components and the modified Euler integration scheme was applied to calculate the particle velocities and positions at each time step. One trial of each of the metal and plastic, cylindrical, cuboid and triangular prism free cells was compared with the average of three experimental trials. The trajectory and displacement of a representative particle positioned at the same starting position as the free cell was also obtained from DEM simulation and compared with the path and displacement of each of the free cells to determine which free cell followed the particle most closely and hence to determine a suitable free cell that would move with the rest of the grains. Spherical particles are idealised particles. Therefore tests were also conducted with a small number of polyhedral particles, to deduce their flow rate and the critical orifice width at which blockages were likely to form. Simulations were also conducted to test the feasibility of the DEM in modelling the behaviour of these polyhedral particles.Results indicate that for a free cell to move along the same trajectory and have the same displacement and velocity as an equivalent particle in the batch it should have a similar density to the majority of the other particles. A cylindrical free cell of similar density to the particles was found to follow the path of the representative particle more closely than the cuboid or triangular prism. Polyhedral particles were found to have a greater flow rate than spherical particles of equivalent volume.

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Kiara, Areti. "Analysis of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method for free-surface flows." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57890.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 306-309).<br>Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is a simple and attractive meshless Lagrangian particle method with applications in many fields such as astrophysics, hydrodynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, gas explosions, and granular flows that has demonstrated ability to simulate highly non-linear free-surface flows including wave overturning, jets, and the formation of spray and droplets. Despite the increasing popularity and promise of the method, SPH has a number of key issues that must be overcome before the method can realize its full potential in scientific and engineering applications: it is of low order, requires a high degree of tuning, and is inherently unstable. Additionally, there exists little analytic basis or fundamental understanding of the method to guide the many ad-hoc tuning and empirical fixes. The objective of this thesis is to perform an analytical and numerical investigation of the SPH method for free-surface flows. To this end, we perform a quantitative, unified analysis of the numerical method and the physics it captures, and we assess the method's consistency, stability, and convergence. It is shown that SPH introduces spurious solutions dominant in the dynamics of the solution making quantities such as velocity and pressure essentially unusable without filtering. It is also shown that the method is consistent inside the domain but imposes spurious, leading order, dynamic free-surface boundary conditions which alter the flow and further permit the introduction of spurious solutions. We further extend the analysis to address the effects of different empirical SPH treatments introduced in the literature, classifying these respectively as accuracy, consistency, or stability treatments, and characterizing their effectiveness. Based on the findings of the analysis, we eliminate the tuneable and empirical nature of the method by providing rational guidelines for the usage and effects of the relevant SPH treatments. Finally, we propose a modified SPH method that maintains the key features of SPH and significantly reduces spurious errors present in current SPH implementations. This thesis is among the first to provide a unified systematic analysis of the SPH method, shedding insight into the many proposed variations and fixes, and informs and guides new rational improvements to the method. This work lays the foundation for the development of SPH as a valuable engineering tool in the study of violent free-surface flows.<br>by Areti Kiara.<br>Ph.D.

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Shen, Liang. "Applications of smoothed particle hydrodynamics on 3D nonlinear free surface flows." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2011. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=17825.

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Ferrari, Angela. "A new smooth particle hydrodynamics scheme for 3D free surface flows /." Düsseldorf : VDI-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/995738025/04.

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Books on the topic "Free particle"

1

Erbe, Marlitt. Field Free Line Magnetic Particle Imaging. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05337-6.

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Carinci, Gioia, Anna De Masi, Cristian Giardinà, and Errico Presutti. Free Boundary Problems in PDEs and Particle Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33370-0.

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Jian-Shun, Shuen, Faeth G. M, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Particle-laden swirling free jets: Measurements and predictions. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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Jian-Shun, Shuen, Faeth G. M, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Particle-laden swirling free jets: Measurements and predictions. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.

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Jian-Shun, Shuen, Faeth G. M, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Particle-laden weakly swirling free jets: Measurements and predictions. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Particle-laden weakly swirling free jets: Measurements and predictions. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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Jian-Shun, Shuen, Faeth G. M, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Particle-laden weakly swirling free jets: Measurements and predictions. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Particle-laden weakly swirling free jets: Measurements and predictions. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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Iwasaki, Tomohiro, and Tomohiro Iwasaki. Organic solvent-free synthesis of magnetic nanocrystals with controlled particle sizes. Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Iwasaki, Tomohiro. Organic solvent-free synthesis of magnetic nanocrystals with controlled particle sizes. Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Free particle"

1

Teta, Alessandro. "Free Particle." In A Mathematical Primer on Quantum Mechanics. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77893-8_6.

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Feagin, James M. "Free-Particle Wavepacket." In Quantum Methods with Mathematica®. Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4328-1_4.

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Schächter, Levi. "Free-Electron Laser." In Particle Acceleration and Detection. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19848-9_7.

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DeWitt, Bryce, and Steven M. Christensen. "The Free Particle: Geodesics." In Bryce DeWitt's Lectures on Gravitation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-36911-0_5.

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Ambjørn, Jan. "The Free Relativistic Particle." In Elementary Introduction to Quantum Geometry. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003320562-2.

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Maiani, Luciano, and Omar Benhar. "The Classical Free Particle." In Relativistic Quantum Mechanics, 2nd ed. CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003436263-2.

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Erbe, Marlitt. "Magnetic Particle Imaging." In Field Free Line Magnetic Particle Imaging. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-05337-6_2.

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Chondros, T. G. "Lateral Vibration of a Cracked Free-Free Beam." In Particle and Continuum Aspects of Mesomechanics. ISTE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470610794.ch70.

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Nachtmann, Otto. "The Quantization of the Free Electromagnetic Field." In Elementary Particle Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61281-7_7.

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Woit, Peter. "Momentum and the Free Particle." In Quantum Theory, Groups and Representations. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-64612-1_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Free particle"

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Berg, Matthew. "Aerosol Characterization with Digital Holography." In Applications of Lasers for Sensing and Free Space Communications. Optica Publishing Group, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1364/lsc.2024.lsw1c.2.

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Digital holography is a powerful technique to image small particles several micrometers in size in a contact-free manner. We apply such imaging to characterize aerosol particles, including the determination of particle shape, size, and concentration.

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Boopathy, Akhilan, Aneesh Muppidi, Peggy Yang, Abhiram Iyer, William Yue, and Ila Fiete. "Resampling-free Particle Filters in High-dimensions." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra57147.2024.10611361.

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Park, Jin-Sung, Il-Buem Lee, Hyeon-Min Moon, Seok-Cheol Hong, and Minhaeng Cho. "Visualizing intracellular trafficking using label-free dynamic scattering-particle localization interference microscopy (DySLIM)." In Label-free Biomedical Imaging and Sensing (LBIS) 2025, edited by Natan T. Shaked and Oliver Hayden. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3044345.

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Zhao, Y., J. Held, C. Hogan, and U. Kortshagen. "Precursor-free particle growth in a dusty plasma." In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icops58192.2024.10625852.

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Brau, Charles A. "Free-electron lasers." In PHYSICS OF PARTICLE ACCELERATORS. AIP, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.38022.

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Pantell, R. H. "Free-electron lasers." In PHYSICS OF PARTICLE ACCELERATORS. AIP, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.38023.

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Koshizuka, S., and Y. Oka. "Particle Method for Incompressible Flow With Free Surface." In ASME 2002 Joint U.S.-European Fluids Engineering Division Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2002-31154.

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Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method is a particle method which has been developed to analyze incompressible flows with free surfaces. Fluids are represented by particles which move in fully Lagrangian description. Since grids are not necessary, complex motion of free surfaces can be calculated without grid tangling or numerical diffusion. In the MPS method, a differential equation system is transformed to particle dynamics using the models representing differential operators. Incompressibility is solved by the Poisson equation of pressure to keep the particle number density constant. Solid mechanics is also modeled by particles and fluid-structure interaction can be solved. Calculation examples are provided in this paper: collapse of a water column, melt droplet fragmentation, sloshing with tank deformation, nucleate boiling and droplet breakup. These examples show that the MPS method is a powerful tool to investigate complex behaviors of free surfaces and multiphase flows.

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Ho, Clifford K., Joshua M. Christian, David Romano, Julius Yellowhair, and Nathan Siegel. "Characterization of Particle Flow in a Free-Falling Solar Particle Receiver." In ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2015 Power Conference, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2015-49421.

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Falling particle receivers are being evaluated as an alternative to conventional fluid-based solar receivers to enable higher temperatures and higher efficiency power cycles with direct storage for concentrating solar power applications. This paper presents studies of the particle mass flow rate, velocity, particle-curtain opacity and density, and other characteristics of free-falling ceramic particles as a function of different discharge slot apertures. The methods to characterize the particle flow are described, and results are compared to theoretical and numerical models for unheated conditions.

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Pinnick, Island, Kieseok Oh, Chen-Ling Chang, Kyong-Hoon Lee, and Jae-Hyun Chung. "Label-Free and Immobilization-Free Immunoassay." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42370.

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This paper presents an immunoassay capable of detecting an antigen without labeling or immobilization. By measuring a change in fluid resistance, the immunoassay successfully differentiates a positive control from a negative control. The same device can also act as a particle counter due to its high sensitivity. It is capable of detecting differences in concentrations as low as 104 particles per milliliter. An analytical model is developed to analyze the measured signal.

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Kumar, Apurv, Jin-Soo Kim, and Wojciech Lipiński. "Radiation Characteristics of a Particle Curtain in a Free-Falling Particle Solar Receiver." In ASME 2017 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2017-5117.

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Radiation absorption by a particle curtain formed in a solar free falling particle receiver is investigated using a Eulerian-Eulerian granular two-phase model to solve the two-dimensional mass and momentum equations (CFD). The radiative transfer equation is subsequently solved by the Monte-Carlo (MC) ray-tracing technique using the CFD results to quantify the radiation intensity through the particle curtain. The CFD and MC results provide reliable opacity predictions and are validated with the experimental results available in literature. The particle curtain was found to absorb the solar radiation efficiently for smaller particles at high flowrates due to higher particle volume fraction and increased radiation extinction. However, at low mass-flowrates the absorption efficiency decreases for small and large particles.

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Reports on the topic "Free particle"

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Trahan, Corey, Jing-Ru Cheng, and Amanda Hines. ERDC-PT : a multidimensional particle tracking model. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48057.

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This report describes the technical engine details of the particle- and species-tracking software ERDC-PT. The development of ERDC-PT leveraged a legacy ERDC tracking model, “PT123,” developed by a civil works basic research project titled “Efficient Resolution of Complex Transport Phenomena Using Eulerian-Lagrangian Techniques” and in part by the System-Wide Water Resources Program. Given hydrodynamic velocities, ERDC-PT can track thousands of massless particles on 2D and 3D unstructured or converted structured meshes through distributed processing. At the time of this report, ERDC-PT supports triangular elements in 2D and tetrahedral elements in 3D. First-, second-, and fourth-order Runge-Kutta time integration methods are included in ERDC-PT to solve the ordinary differential equations describing the motion of particles. An element-by-element tracking algorithm is used for efficient particle tracking over the mesh. ERDC-PT tracks particles along the closed and free surface boundaries by velocity projection and stops tracking when a particle encounters the open boundary. In addition to passive particles, ERDC-PT can transport behavioral species, such as oyster larvae. This report is the first report of the series describing the technical details of the tracking engine. It details the governing equation and numerical approaching associated with ERDC-PT Version 1.0 contents.

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Krasny, Robert. A Grid-Free Particle Method for Electrostatic Plasma Simulations. Defense Technical Information Center, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada471878.

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Asenath-Smith, Emily, Ross Lieblappen, Susan Taylor, et al. Observation of crack arrest in ice by high aspect ratio particles during uniaxial compression. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43145.

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In nature, ice frequently contains dissolved solutes or entrapped particles, which modify the microstructure and mechanical properties of ice. Seeking to understand the effect of particle shape and geometry on the mechanical properties of ice, we performed experiments on ice containing 15 wt% silica spheres or rods. Unique to this work was the use of 3-D microstructural imaging in a -10ºC cold room during compressive loading of the sample. The silica particles were present in the ice microstructure as randomly dispersed aggregates within grains and at grain boundaries. While cracks originated in particle-free regions in both sphere- and rod-containing samples, the propagation of cracks was quite different in each type of sample. Cracks propagated uninhibited through aggregates of spherical particles but were observed to arrest at and propagate around aggregates of rods. These results imply that spherical particles do not inhibit grain boundary sliding or increase viscous drag. On the other hand, silica rods were found to span grains, thereby pinning together the microstructure of ice during loading. These results provide insights into mechanisms that can be leveraged to strengthen ice.

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Schmitigal, Joel. Evaluation of Additives to Eliminate Free Water from Aviation Fuel Light Obscuration Particle Counts. Defense Technical Information Center, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1007332.

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Rightley, M. Multi-dimensional discrete ordinates solutions to combined mode radiation heat transfer problems and their application to a free-falling particle, direct absorption solar receiver. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5232064.

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Halyo, V. Search for free fractional electric charge elementary particles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/753232.

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Halyo, Valerie. A Search for Free Fractional Electric Charge Elementary Particles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/784773.

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Halyo, Valerie. A Search for Free Fractional Electric Charge Elementary Particles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/784803.

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White, R. B., M. N. Bussac, and F. Romanelli. High beta, sawtooth-free tokamak operation using energetic trapped particles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6906172.

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Hosein, Roger, and Jeetendra Khadan. Trade, Economic and Welfare Impacts of the CARICOM-Canada Free Trade Agreement. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011767.

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This paper estimates the trade, revenue, and welfare effects of the proposedCaribbean Community (CARICOM)-Canada free trade agreement (FTA) on CARICOM countries using a partial equilibrium model. The welfare analysis also takes into account the Economic Partnership Agreement, which was signed in 2008 by the CARIFORUM (CARICOM and the Dominican Republic) countries and the European Union. The revealed comparative advantage index, trade complementarity index, and transition probability matrices are used to examine the dynamics of comparative advantage for CARICOM countries' exports to Canada. The results obtained from the partial equilibrium model indicate adverse revenue and welfare effects for CARICOM member states. The results from various trade indices used do not provide evidence to suggest that an FTA between CARICOM countries and Canada can improve trade outcomes.

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