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Journal articles on the topic 'Free radical'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Yañez Jaramillo, Lina M., Joy H. Tannous, and Arno de Klerk. "Persistent Free Radicals in Petroleum." Processes 11, no. 7 (2023): 2067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11072067.

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The persistent free radical content in petroleum is of the order 1018 spins/g (1 μmol/g), with higher and lower values found depending on origin and in different distillation fractions. The field of persistent free radicals in petroleum was reviewed with the aim of addressing and explaining apparent inconsistencies between free radical persistence and reactivity. The macroscopic average free radical concentration in petroleum is persistent over geological time, but individual free radical species in petroleum are short-lived and reactive. The persistent free radical concentration in petroleum

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2

Kim, Eun-Kyung, and Mi Ryeong Song. "Factors Influencing the Level of Oxygen Free Radicals in Female Nursing Students." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 7 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n7p1.

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This study was conducted to investigate the levels of oxygen free radicals and related health factors in 201 female nursing students. The questionnaire was completed by the participants and their oxygen free radical levels were measured by urine test. In this study, an oxygen free radical analyzer was used to measure oxygen free radical levels. The oxygen free radical analyzer analyzes the amount of oxygen free radicals in the body by measuring urinary malondialdehyde (MDA). To determine factors associated with oxygen free radical levels, multiple regression tests were conducted. Of the partic

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Stevanovic, Jelka, Suncica Borozan, Slavoljub Jovic, and Igor Ignjatovic. "Physiology of free radicals." Veterinarski glasnik 65, no. 1-2 (2011): 95–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1102095s.

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Free radicals imply that every atom, molecule, ion, group of atoms, or molecules with one or several non-paired electrons in outer orbital. Among these are: nitrogenoxide (NO?), superoxide-anion-radical (O2?-), hydroxyl radical (OH?), peroxyl radical (ROO?), alcoxyl radical (RO?) and hydroperoxyl radical (HO2?). However, reactive oxygen species also include components without non-paired electrons in outer orbital (so-called reactive non-radical agents), such as: singlet oxygen (1O2), peroxynitrite (ONOO-), hydrogen-peroxide (H2O2), hypochloric acid (eg. HOCl) and ozone (O3). High concentration

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Adrian, Gerild, Edi Suryanto, and Defny S. Wewengkang. "AKTIVITAS PENANGKAL RADIKAL BEBAS DARI FRAKSI KULIT KAYU SAGU BARUK (Arenga microcarpha Beccari)." PHARMACON 10, no. 1 (2021): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/pha.10.2021.32777.

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ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the antioxidant activity and free radical antidote from fraction of bark sago baruk (Arenga microcarpha Beccari). This study initiated by extracting the powder of bark sago baruk using the maceration method for 3 days with ethanol 80%. The extract then partitioned using a series of solvent such as petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, buthanol, aquadest. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest free radical antidote content followed by the aquadest fraction, buthanol fraction, petroleum ether fraction. The content of free radical antidot

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Mikayil Aliyev, Mirza, Ulduz Yunis Safarova, and Shafiqa Jahangir Jafarova. "CHARACTERISTICS AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF THE NOVEL FREE RADICAL SCAVENGER – EDARAVONE." NATURE AND SCIENCE 04, no. 05 (2020): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/05/17-20.

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Edaravone is the first free radical scavenger which approved clinically and has an ability to decrease the level of free radicals in cells. Edaravone is a strong antioxidant, which can protect different cells (e.g. endothelial cells) against damage by ROS by inhibiting the lipoxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid, by trapping hydroxyl radicals, by increasing prostacyclin production, by inhibiting alloxan-induced lipid peroxidation, etc. Because of that, Edaravone is used in treatment of diseases which are associated with oxidative stress. Key words: edaravone, free radical, antioxidant, neu

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6

Silaev, Michael M. "Free-Radical Nonbranched-Chain Oxidation of Hydrogen." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology 6, no. 5 (2018): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijircst.2018.6.5.1.

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7

Horgan, John. "Free Radical." Scientific American 262, no. 5 (1990): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0590-40.

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8

Silaev, Michael M. "KINETIC EQUATIONS FOR RADICAL-CHAIN OXIDATION INVOLVING PROCESS-INHIBITING ALKYL (OR HYDRO)TETRAOXYL FREE RADICAL." American Journal of Applied Sciences 05, no. 06 (2023): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajas/volume05issue06-07.

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The derivation of kinetic equations for the oxidation processes by the free-radical nonbranched-chain mechanism is shown. This derivation is based on the proposed reaction scheme for the initiated addition of free radicals to the multiple bond of the molecular oxygen includes the addition reaction of the peroxyl free radical to the oxygen molecule to form the tetraoxyl free radical. This reaction competes with chain propagation reactions through a reactive free radical. The chain evolution stage in this scheme involves a few of free radicals, one of which – alkyl(or hydro)tetraoxyl – is relati

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9

Livi Kharisma Wibawa, Vinda Maharani Patricia, and Livia Syafnir. "Aktivitas Antioksidan pada Tanaman Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia L.)." Bandung Conference Series: Pharmacy 4, no. 2 (2024): 313–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/bcsp.v4i2.13911.

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Abstract. Degenerative diseases are caused by highly reactive free radicals. This free radical activity can be inhibited by antioxidant compounds. Antioxidants are substances necessary for the body to neutralize free radicals, compensating for the lack of electrons in free radicals, inhibiting the chain reaction of free radical formation, and preventing free radicals from damaging normal cells. The noni plant (Morinda citrifolia L.) has the potential to exert antioxidant effects by reducing the concentration of free radicals in the body and contains many flavonoids that may be useful as antiox

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10

Zhao, Zizhen, Chen Fu, Yuping Zhang, and Ailing Fu. "Dimeric Histidine as a Novel Free Radical Scavenger Alleviates Non-Alcoholic Liver Injury." Antioxidants 10, no. 10 (2021): 1529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10101529.

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Non-alcoholic liver injury (NLI) is a common disease worldwide. Since free radical damage in the liver is a crucial initiator leading to diseases, scavenging excess free radicals has become an essential therapeutic strategy. To enhance the antioxidant capacity of histidine, we synthesized a protonated dimeric histidine, H-bihistidine, and investigated its anti-free radical potential in several free-radical-induced NLI. Results showed that H-bihistidine could strongly scavenge free radicals caused by H2O2, fatty acid, and CCl4, respectively, and recover cell viability in cultured hepatocytes. I

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11

Jonsson, M., J. Lind, T. Reitberger, T. E. Eriksen, and G. Merenyi. "Free radical combination reactions involving phenoxyl radicals." Journal of Physical Chemistry 97, no. 31 (1993): 8229–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100133a018.

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12

Davies, M. J., S. Fu, and R. T. Dean. "Protein hydroperoxides can give rise to reactive free radicals." Biochemical Journal 305, no. 2 (1995): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3050643.

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Proteins damaged by free-radical-generating systems in the presence of oxygen yield relatively long-lived protein hydroperoxides. These hydroperoxides have been shown by e.p.r. spectroscopy to be readily degraded to reactive free radicals on reaction with iron(II) complexes. Comparison of the observed spectra with those obtained with free amino acid hydroperoxides had allowed identification of some of the protein-derived radical species (including a number of carbon-centred radicals, alkoxyl radicals and a species believed to be the CO2 radical anion) and the elucidation of novel fragmentation

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13

Reimer, Keith A., Masaru Tanaka, Charles E. Murry, Vincent J. Richard, and Robert B. Jennings. "Evaluation of Free Radical Injury in Myocardium." Toxicologic Pathology 18, no. 4a (1990): 470–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623390004part_105.

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Abundant evidence now is available that free radicals are produced in excess when myocardium is reperfused following an episode of ischemia and that free radicals can injure myocytes and endothelial cells. Free radicals may contribute to either reversible or irreversible manifestations of cell injury from ischemia and reperfusion. Several investigators have observed that postischemic contractile dysfunction (myocardial stunning) can be attenuated by a variety of anti-free radical therapies, and there seems to be general agreement that free radical injury contributes to stunning. Whether free r

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14

Matsugo, Seiichi, Masashi Mizuno, and Tetsuya Konishi. "Free Radical Generating and Scavenging Compounds as a New Type of Drug." Current Medicinal Chemistry 2, no. 4 (1995): 763–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/092986730204220224092844.

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Abstract: Recently, the free radical investigations cover a broad field of research related to chemistry, biology, medicine and biochemistry. One of the reasons for this is that the free radicals play crutial roles in many pathogenic disorders, typically carcinogenesis. So, in this sense it is very important to elucidate the precise mechanism of action of free radicals in vivo from the aspect of tumor necrosis. Indeed, many drugs have been extensively studied in relation to free radicals in recent years. These studies can be divided into two categories one of which emphasizes the advantageous

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15

Ionita, Petre. "Oxo-Hydrazyl as a Substitute for the Stable Free Radicals Employed in Measuring Total Antioxidant Activity." Antioxidants 14, no. 4 (2025): 463. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14040463.

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Numerous standardized methods for evaluating antioxidant capacity are available, some of the most used methods in this regard employ stable free radicals, like 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazyl free radical (DPPH·) or 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid cation radical (ABTS·+). However, some challenges can arise in taking correct and reproducible measurements due to the well-known unspecific reactivity of these free radicals. In pursuit of improving and expanding such methods, in this work is proposed a highly intense colored zwitterionic derivative of the DPPH· free radical, as

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16

Li, Guoxiang, Zhongyang Luo, Wenbo Wang, and Jianmeng Cen. "A Study of the Mechanisms of Guaiacol Pyrolysis Based on Free Radicals Detection Technology." Catalysts 10, no. 3 (2020): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10030295.

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In order to understand the reaction mechanism of lignin pyrolysis, the pyrolysis process of guaiacol (o-methoxyphenol) as a lignin model compound was studied by free radical detection technology (electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR) in this paper. It was proven that the pyrolysis reaction of guaiacol is a free radical reaction, and the free radicals which can be detected mainly by EPR are methyl radicals. This paper proposes a process in which four free radicals (radicals 1- C6H4(OH)O*, radicals 5- C6H4(OCH3)O*, methyl radicals, and hydrogen radicals) are continuously rearranged during the py

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17

Kalaiyarasi, D., V. Manobharathi, and S. Mirunalini. "Capsaicin in hot chili peppers as a potent free radical scavenger: An in vitro approach." Research Journal of Biotechnology 17, no. 4 (2022): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1704rjbt6875.

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In humans, countless chronic conditions are connected with the accumulation of free radicals. Antioxidants can scavenge free radicals and reduce their effect. The hunt for natural antioxidants of plant provenance becomes an urgent primary concern. So, the present study was to investigate the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of Capsaicin by using various in vitro assays such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3- ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS●+), hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide and reducing power.

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18

Jarco, Sylwia, Barbara Pilawa, and Paweł Ramos. "Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Infusions of Different Medicinal Plants for Use in Obstetrics." Plants 10, no. 10 (2021): 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10102016.

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An X-band (9.3 GHz) electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to examine the free radical scavenging activity of the following infusions, which were nonirradiated and exposed to UVA: root of Asparagus racemosus and herbs of Mitchella repens, Cnicus benedictus L., Galega officinalis L., and Eupatorium cannabinum L. The plant materials for obstetrics applications were chosen for analysis. The aims of these studies were to compare the free radical scavenging ability of the tested infusions and to determine the influence of UVA irradiation of the plant materials on interactions o

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19

Nugraheni, Tiyas Putri, Vivin Rosvita, and Husnun Khairunnisa Pratiwi. "UJI AKTIVITAS PENANGKAPAN RADIKAL BEBAS DPPH OLEH EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PISANG TANDUK (MUSA PARADISIACA VAR. FORMATYPICA) DAN DAUN PISANG CAVENDISH (MUSA PARADISIACA VAR. SAPIENTUM)." Indonesia Jurnal Farmasi 2, no. 1 (2023): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26751/ijf.v2i1.415.

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AbstractHas done research about free radical scavenging activity of ethanolic extract Musa paradisiaca var formatypica and Musa paradisiaca var sapientum leaf. Banana leaf contain phenolic compunds, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannin, and saponin as a free radical scavenging.Extracts were prepared by maceration method using ethanol 70% as solvent. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was performed by spectrophotometry visible to extracts with quercetin as the comparison. The free radical scavenging activity was expressed by percent reduction and ES50.Study result showed that ethanol extract of ban

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20

Murphy, John A. "Free radicals in synthesis. Clean reagents affording oxidative or reductive termination." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 7 (2000): 1327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072071327.

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Neurotoxic organotin reagents currently play a key role in radical chemistry. As a result, this is an important area for development of new clean replacement reactions. The pharmaceutical industry in particular has had to avoid use of radical methodology for the formation of carbon_carbon bonds for this reason. With the current dawn in green chemistry, a host of new clean radical methods is beginning to flourish. Our aim has been to develop new nontoxic methodology for carbon_carbon bond formation by radical chemistry, which would provide either reductive termination (giving a hydrogen atom to

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21

Davydov, Evgeniy, Georgiy Pariiskii, Iryna Gaponova, Tatyana Pokholok, and Gennady Zaikov. "Polymers in polluted atmosphere. Free radical and ion-radical conversions initiated by nitrogen oxides." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 2, no. 1 (2008): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht02.01.033.

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Nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen trioxide as well as dimers of nitrogen dioxide are reactive initiators of radical transformations of macromolecules and modifying reactants for polymers. Features of the initiation mechanism determining the composition of molecular and radical products in polymers under the action of nitrogen oxides are discussed.

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22

Zhong, Sabilla, Andreas Hafner, Christoph Hussal, Martin Nieger, and Stefan Bräse. "Metal-free radical perfluoroalkylation of (hetero)arenes." RSC Advances 5, no. 9 (2015): 6255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra13430c.

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23

Yuan, Ningning, Wenqing Wang, Ziye Wu, et al. "A boron-centered radical: a potassium-crown ether stabilized boryl radical anion." Chemical Communications 52, no. 86 (2016): 12714–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc06918e.

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24

Karl, Oettl, Joachim Greilberger, and Gilbert Reibnegger. "Modulation of Free Radical Formation by Pterin Derivatives." Pteridines 15, no. 3 (2004): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pteridines.2004.15.3.97.

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Abstract All classes of pterins, fully reduced tetrahydropterins, aromatic pterins and dihydropterins have been investigated upon their effects on radical mediated reactions. Meanwhile all these classes were shown to act as both, proand antioxidants by a number of different methods including chemical, biochemical and biological systems. From reduced pterins radicals including oxygen-, nitrogen- and pterin-radicals arc formed enzymatically and non-enzymatically, reduced pterins react with free radicals and serve as reductive agents. All classes of pterins may interfere with enzymes involved in

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25

Nagendrappa, G. "An appreciation of free radical chemistry 6. Experiments involving free radicals." Resonance 10, no. 9 (2005): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02896323.

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26

Salvemini, Daniela, and Regina Botting. "Modulation of platelet function by free radicals and free-radical scavengers." Trends in Pharmacological Sciences 14, no. 2 (1993): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-6147(93)90028-i.

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27

West, Robert, Kerim Samedov, Amitabha Mitra, et al. "Germanium-centered free radicals studied by muon spin spectroscopy." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 92, no. 6 (2014): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2013-0427.

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Transverse-field muon spin rotation (TF-μSR) spectra have been recorded for free radicals formed by positive muon irradiation of nine different divalent germanium compounds. Muon-electron hyperfine coupling constants (Aμ) were determined from the spectra and compared with values predicted from density functional theory molecular orbital (DFT-MO) calculations on the muoniated radicals formed by muonium addition to the germanium atom. The muon hyperfine constants for germylenes containing N–Ge bonds are generally quite large, from 593 to 942 MHz, indicating strong interaction between the muon an

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28

ROTA, Cristina, P. David BARR, V. Martha MARTIN, F. Peter GUENGERICH, Aldo TOMASI, and P. Ronald MASON. "Detection of free radicals produced from the reaction of cytochrome P-450 with linoleic acid hydroperoxide." Biochemical Journal 328, no. 2 (1997): 565–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3280565.

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The ESR spin-trapping technique was employed to investigate the reaction of rabbit cytochrome P-450 1A2 (P450) with linoleic acid hydroperoxide. This system was compared with chemical systems where FeSO4 or FeCl3 was used in place of P450. The spin trap 5,5ʹ-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) was employed to detect and identify radical species. The DMPO adducts of hydroxyl, O2-•, peroxyl, methyl and acyl radicals were detected in the P450 system. The reaction did not require NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase or NADPH. The same DMPO-radical adducts were detected in the FeSO4 system. Only DMPO-•

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29

OTSUKA, TOMONORI. "RADICAL FREE MERGER." ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 34, no. 1 (2017): 34–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9793/elsj.34.1_34.

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30

Jenkins, Robert R. "Free Radical Chemistry." Sports Medicine 5, no. 3 (1988): 156–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-198805030-00003.

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31

Wilcox, Kate. "Free Radical Shift." Scientific American 300, no. 5 (2009): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0509-20.

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32

Chambers, Richard D., Anwar H. S. Gilani, Alan F. Gilbert, John Hutchinson, and Richard L. Powell. "Free-radical chemistry." Journal of Fluorine Chemistry 106, no. 1 (2000): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1139(00)00288-8.

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33

Porter, Ned A., David R. Magnin, and Bruce T. Wright. "Free radical macrocyclization." Journal of the American Chemical Society 108, no. 10 (1986): 2787–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00270a066.

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34

Liochev, Stefan I. "Free radical paradoxes." Free Radical Biology and Medicine 65 (December 2013): 232–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.06.027.

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35

Carrington, Alan. "A FREE RADICAL." Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 52, no. 1 (2001): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.physchem.52.1.1.

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36

Lurie, D. J. "Free radical imaging." British Journal of Radiology 74, no. 885 (2001): 782–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.74.885.740782.

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37

Wu, Yuh-Wern, Hsu-Ting Huang, Yi-Jing Chen, and Jyh-Ferng Yang. "Free radical SH2′ reaction mechanism study by comparing free radical SH2′ reaction with free radical addition reaction." Tetrahedron 62, no. 25 (2006): 6061–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2006.03.106.

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38

Rahman, Arif, Abd Malik, and Aktsar Roskiana Ahmad. "SKRINING FITOKIMIA DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOLIK BUAH BUNI (Antidesma bunius (L.) SPRENG)." Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia 3, no. 2 (2016): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/jffi.v3i2.497.

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Free radicals play a role in the occurrence of various degenerative diseases that require free-radical scavengers or antioxidants. Buni fruit (Antidesma bunius (L.) Spreng) has the bioactive components are Anthocyanins (flavonoids) that serves to the free radicals. This study aimed to measure the antioxidant activity of theethanol extract contained 70% fruit Buni obtained by using the method of nitric oxide. Simplicia buni macerated dried fruit with 70% ethanol. Extracts were obtained in the test antioxidant activity against nitric oxide radicals. The antioxidant activity against free radical

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Mitrohina, Natal'ya. "Oxidative stress in animals: role in oncogenesis from pathomorphologist view." Russian veterinary journal 2020, no. 5 (2020): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32416/2500-4379-2020-5-27-30.

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Oxidative stress is a pathological accumulation of free radicals that contribute to the launch of intracellular damaging action mechanisms. Free radical is an atom possessing free or missing electron, and seeking to restore the lost electron, taking it from other molecules ― as a result a new free radical is formed. The mechanism is chain reaction-based. Hypoxia acts as an additional stimulus to the appearance of oxygen free radicals. Cell hypoxia develops following any type of cell damage: mechanical, bacteriological, chemical, etc. Cell hypoxia inevitably leads to the development of an infla

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T., Vigneswaran 1. H.S. Muthu Mohamed 2. A. Doss 3. *. "ANTIOXIDANT AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING PROPERTIES OF RHIZOPHORA MUCRONATA LAMK. STEM." Journal of Scientific Research in Pharmacy 7, no. 11 (2018): 133–37. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1489505.

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<strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong> <strong><em>F</em></strong><em>ree radicals are implicated for various diseases including diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, cataract, rheumatism, and other auto immune disease like aging etc. in treatment of these diseases antioxidant therapy has gained an extreme significance. Now-a-days research is directed towards finding naturally occurring antioxidant of plant origin.  The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant property of crude extracts from the stem of Rhizophora mucronata. In vitro antioxidant properties of the extracts wer

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Vergely, Catherine, and Rochette Luc. "Forgotten Radicals in Biology." International Journal of Biomedical Science 4, no. 4 (2008): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.59566/ijbs.2008.4255.

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Redox reactions play key roles in intra- and inter-cellular signaling, and in adaptative processes of tissues towards stress. Among the major free radicals with essential functions in cells are reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide anion (O2-), hydroxyl radical (OH) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as nitric oxide (NO). In this article, we review the forgotten and new radicals with potential relevance to cardiovascular pathophysiology. Approximately 0.3% of O2- present in cytosol exists in its protonated form: hydroperoxyl radical (HO2). Water (H2O) can be split into two f

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Murrell, G. A. C., M. J. O. Francis, and L. Bromley. "Modulation of fibroblast proliferation by oxygen free radicals." Biochemical Journal 265, no. 3 (1990): 659–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2650659.

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The major unexplained phenomenon in fibrotic conditions is an increase in replicating fibroblasts. In this report we present evidence that oxygen free radicals can both stimulate and inhibit proliferation of cultured human fibroblasts, and that fibroblasts themselves release superoxide (O2.-) free radicals. Fibroblasts released O2.- in concentrations which stimulated proliferation, a finding confirmed by a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation by free radical scavengers. Oxygen free radicals released by a host of agents may thus provide a very fast, specific and sensitive trigger for fibr

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Gupta, Priya, RB Jyoti, and Saibya Gupta. "Free Radical Pharmacology and its role in various diseases." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 2-s (2019): 690–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i2-s.2593.

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Free Radicals are molecules with an unpaired electron and are important intermediates in natural processes. Free radicals are very unstable and react quickly with other compounds, and try to capture the needed electron to gain stability. Once the process is started, it can cascade, and finally results in the disruption of a living cell. Generally, harmful effects of reactive oxygen species on the cell are most often like damage of DNA, oxidations of polydesaturated fatty acids in lipids, oxidations of amino acids in proteins, oxidatively inactivate specific enzymes by oxidation of co-factors.

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Merkley, Nadine, Paul C. Venneri, and John Warkentin. "Cyclopropanation of benzylidenemalononitrile with dialkoxycarbenes and free radical rearrangement of the cyclopropanes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 79, no. 3 (2001): 312–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v01-017.

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Thermolysis of 2-cinnamyloxy-2-methoxy-5,5-dimethyl-Δ3-1,3,4-oxadiazoline (1a) and the analogous 2-benzyloxy-2-methoxy compound (1b) at 110°C, in benzene containing benzylidenemalononitrile, afforded products of apparent regiospecific addition of methoxycarbonyl and cinnamyl (or benzyl) radicals to the double bond. When the thermolysis of 1a was run with added TEMPO, methoxycarbonyl and cinnamyl radicals were captured. Thermolysis of the 2,2-dibenzyloxy analogue (1c) in the presence of benzylidenemalononitrile gave an adduct that is formally the product of addition of benzyloxycarbonyl and ben

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De Schutter, Coralie, Emmanuel Pfund, and Thierry Lequeux. "Radical conjugate addition of ambiphilic fluorinated free radicals." Tetrahedron 69, no. 29 (2013): 5920–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2013.05.006.

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North, J. A., A. A. Spector, and G. R. Buettner. "Cell fatty acid composition affects free radical formation during lipid peroxidation." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 267, no. 1 (1994): C177—C188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1994.267.1.c177.

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Lipid-derived free radicals generated from intact human U937 monocytes exposed to iron-induced oxidative stress were detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with the spin trap alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone (POBN). Lipid radical formation was enhanced when the cells were enriched with n-3 or n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Computer simulation indicated that at least two POBN spin adducts were formed, having spectral characteristics consistent with carbon-centered radicals (aN = 15.9 G and aH = 2.6 G; aN = 15.1 G and aH = 2.8 G). These alkyl radicals are probably forme

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Nakazawa, H., K. Ichimori, Y. Shinozaki, H. Okino, and S. Hori. "Is superoxide demonstration by electron-spin resonance spectroscopy really superoxide?" American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 255, no. 1 (1988): H213—H215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.255.1.h213.

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A recent study has indicated that the generation of an oxygen radical in freeze-clamped myocardium on reperfusion can be directly demonstrated using electron-spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). However, the results need to be analyzed with caution, since artifactual radicals are misleading problems common to this method. To test whether that reported superoxide is truly the biologically existing radical or an artifactual radical, we performed experiments using isolated, perfused rat and rabbit hearts and open-chest canine hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion. Radicals were freeze trapped at

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G, Savitha, Vishnupriya V, and Surapaneni Krishnamohan. "IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF CARDIOSPERMUM HALICACABUM LINN." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 7 (2018): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i7.25044.

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Objective: Free radicals and oxidants are produced in the body during normal cellular metabolism and exposure to pollutions and ionizing radiations. They exert beneficial and harmful effects to the human body. Harmful effects of these radicals are destroyed by either antioxidants of our body in situ or antioxidants which are supplied through foods. Hence, the aim of this present study is to assess the antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacity of the easily available edible plant Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn. (Mudakathan keerai).Methods: Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activiti

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Cai, Yu-Jun, Jin-Qiu Dai, Jian-Guo Fang, et al. "Antioxidative and free radical scavenging effects of ecdysteroids from Serratula strangulata." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 80, no. 12 (2002): 1187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y02-152.

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The antioxidative and free radical scavenging effects of four ecdysteroids, 20-hydroxyecdysone (E1), 25-deoxy-11,20-dihydroxyecdysone (E2), 24-(2-hydroxyethyl)-20-hydroxyecdysone (E3), and 20-hydroxyecdysone-20,22-monoacetonide (E4), isolated from the Chinese herbSerratula strangulata have been investigated in vitro. These ecdysteroids could protect human erythrocytes against oxidative hemolysis induced by a water-soluble azo initiator 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH). They could also inhibit the peroxidation of rat liver microsomes induced by hydroxyl radicals, as monitored

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Atuani, Maria T., Sri Sudewi, and Defny S. Wewengkang. "ANALISIS FRAKSI AKTIF EKSTRAK DAUN GEDI HIJAU (Abelmoschus manihot L.) DALAM MENANGKAL RADIKAL BEBAS DPPH." PHARMACON 8, no. 1 (2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/pha.8.2019.29253.

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ABSTRACT Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot L.) is a tropical plant of family malvaceae, traditionally known in North Sulawesi as a vegetable plant. Gren gedi leaves from Bitung are known to have activity as free radical scavenging at extract level but have not been tested at the fraction level. This study aims to determine the free radical scavenging activity of the green gedi leaf fractions in counteraction DPPH (1,1-diphenil-2-picrylhydarzyl) free radical. Extraction was done by maceration method using ethanol solvent. The preliminary test of free radical scavenging was carried out by thin layer chr

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