Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Free radicals; Antioxidants'
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Araujo, Deborah de Arantes e. Oliveira Valim 1972. "Avaliação da gastroproteção do óleo essencial do Protium heptaphyllum March (Burceraceae) bem como os possíveis mecanismos de ação envolvidos em modelos de úlcera gástrica em ratos : Evaluation of gastroprotection essential oil Protium heptaphyllum March (Burceraceae) and the possible mechanisms involved on experimental gastric ulcer models in rats." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313745.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: Protium heptaphyllum March (Burseraceae), conhecido como almécega ou breu branco, é uma planta medicinal abundante na região Amazônica. Seu exudato resinoso in natura é um conceituado remédio popular com ação anti-inflamatória, antiulcerogênica, analgésica e cicatrizante. O gênero Protium compreende cerca de 135 espécies, estima-se que a maioria das espécies da família Burseraceae pertençam a este gênero, tendo como principal característica sua capacidade em exsudar resinas aromáticas voláteis, usadas como curativo de feridas, tratamento de dor de dente, antisséptico, analgésico e distúrbios gastrointestinais. O objetivo deste trabalho, foi avaliar o potencial gastroprotetor do óleo essencial comercial do Protium heptaphyllum March (Burseraceae) (BB), bem como os possíveis mecanismos de ação envolvidos, através de modelos de úlcera gástrica em ratos Unib:WH. A análise de cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massa (CG-EM) do BB indicou a presença de três monoterpenos majoritários: ?-pineno (40%), p-mentha-1.4(8)-dieno (12%) e ?-phellandreno (10%). Foram realizados diferentes modelos experimentais de úlcera gástrica que, com base em suas respectivas especificações, foram incluídos dois grupos controles, sendo um positivo (Lansoprazol 30 mg/kg, Carbenoxolona 200 mg/kg ou Cimetidina 100 mg/kg) e um negativo (Veículo - Tween 80® 12%, 10 mL/Kg). Após cada experimento, foi realizada eutanásia por deslocamento cervical, os estômagos removidos, abertos na região da maior curvatura e fotografados para quantificação da área de lesão ulcerativa (ALU) por meio do programa AVSoft®. O BB, na dose de 100 mg/Kg (dose mais efetiva), apresentou atividade antiulcerogênica contra lesões gástricas induzidas por etanol absoluto (96%) e por Drogas ant-inflamatórias não esteroidais (DAINEs) (97%). Para avaliar os mecanismos de ação envolvidos a atividade antissecretória, muco, prostaglandina, atividade antioxidante e envolvimento dos Grupamentos Sulfidrila (G-SH), foram analisados. Além disto, o modelo de úlcera gástrica induzida por ácido acético e análise por Western blotting da expressão de COX-2 e EGF foram utilizadas para avaliar a capacidade cicatrizante do BB. Foi verificado que este óleo essencial não interfere na secreção ácida na mucosa gástrica; porém, sua gastroproteção depende de compostos com G-SH. A atividade gastroprotetora do BB não ocorre devido ao aumento na produção de muco induzido pelos níveis gástricos de PGE2. Como o BB não atuou nos mecanismos citoprotetor e antissecretório, objetivou-se verificar o envolvimento do mecanismo antioxidante na atividade gastroprotetora. Existem evidências de que espécies reativas de oxigênio participem na etiologia da úlcera gástrica e muitos óleos essenciais foram recentemente qualificados como antioxidantes naturais. A capacidade do BB de reduzir ou prevenir estresse oxidativo foi avaliada in vivo, a partir de modelos de úlcera induzida por etanol absoluto. O BB apresentou atividade antioxidante modulando enzimas antioxidantes como Superóxido Dismutase (SOD), Glutationa Peroxidase (GSH-Px) e Glutationa Redutase (GSH-Rd), desta forma, diminuindo a peroxidação lipídica (LPO) e atividade da Mieloperoxidase (MPO). BB demonstrou também potente capacidade de cicatrização, com 95% de redução da ALU, aumentando a expressão de COX-2 (55%) e EGF (100%) na mucosa gástrica. Em adição, nenhum sinal de toxicidade foi observado durante os 14 dias de tratamento, considerando os parâmetros analisados. Portanto o BB é composto essencialmente por terpenos, não apresenta atividade antissecretora nem citoprotetora, apresenta atividade antioxidante e cicatrizante
Abstract: Protium heptaphyllum March (Burseraceae), known as "Almécega" or "Breu Branco", a medicinal plant is abundant in the Amazon region, its resinous exudates in nature, is a renowned folk remedy with anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, analgesic and healing. Protium genus comprises about 135 species, it is estimated that most species of Burseraceae, belong to this genus, the main feature, its ability to exude volatile aromatic resins, used for various purposes such as dressing for wounds, pain tooth, antiseptic, analgesic, treatment of stomach, among others. Based on the popular indications of this plant for the treatment of gastrointestinal disturbances, the present work aimed on evaluating the gastroprotective potential of the commercial essential oil of Protium heptaphyllum March (Burseraceae) (BB), as well as its possible mechanisms of action involved, through models of gastric ulcer in rats Unib: WH. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of BB indicated the presence of three majority monoterpenes as major compounds: ?-pinene (40%), p-mentha-1.4(8)-diene (12%) and, ?-phellandreno (10%). We performed different experimental models of gastric ulcer, based on your specifications included two control groups, a positive (Lansoprazole 30 mg/kg, Cimetidine 100 mg/kg or Carbenoxolone 200 mg/kg) and a negative (Vehicle - Tween 80, 12%, 10 mL/Kg). After each experiment, rats were killed by cervical dislocation, their stomachs removed and opened in the region of greater curvature and photographed for quantification of lesion area ulcerative through the AVSoft program. BB at a dose of 100 mg / kg (effective dose) showed antiulcer activity against gastric lesions induced by absolute ethanol (96%) and nonsteroidal ant-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (97%). To evaluate the mechanisms involved in the BB aniulcerogenic activity, the antisecretory action, mucus, prostaglandins, antioxidant activity and involvement of sulfhydryl group (G-SH) were analyzed. The acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer model and western blotting assay COX-2 and EGF were also used to evaluate the BB healing capacity. This essential oil does not interfere with acid secretion in the gastric mucosa, but their gastroproteção depends on G-SH compounds. The gastroprotective activity of the BB is not due to increased production of gastric mucus induced by PGE2 levels. As the BB did not act in cytoprotective mechanisms and antissecretório, aimed to verify the involvement of the antioxidant mechanism in gastroprotective activity. There is evidence that reactive oxygen species involved in the etiology of gastric ulcer and many essential oils have recently been classified as natural antioxidants. The role of the essential oil in reducing or preventing the oxidative stress was evaluated in vivo, from absolute ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model. The BB showed antioxidant activity by modulating antioxidant enzymes like Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione reductase (GSH-Rd), thereby decreasing lipid peroxidation (LPO) and activity Myeloperoxidase (MPO). The BB has demonstraded potent healing capacity, with 95% reduction of the ulcerative lesion area due to increased expression of COX-2 (55%) and EGF (100%) in the gastric mucosa. In addition, no signs of toxicity were observed during the 14 days of treatment, considering the analyzed parameters. So BB is composed mainly of terpenes, shows no activity antissecretora or cytoprotective, exhibits antioxidant activity and healing
Mestrado
Farmacologia
Mestre em Farmacologia
Oliveira, Rosiris Sindeaux de Alencar Pires de. "Conceitos alternativos sobre radicais livres: origens, prevalência e intervenções." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-02122016-150646/.
Full textThis work aimed to survey the misconceptions regarding free radicals published in printed media and in biochemistry textbooks; to examine the misconceptions regarding free radicals prevalent among graduate students and chemistry and biology high school teachers; and to design and implement instructional intervention to reduce the influence of these misconceptions. For surveying printed media, publications from Veja magazine, dating from 01/01/2000 to 07/31/2014, were selected. The published material was categorized as follows: Misconception (MC), Inductive Information (II), Inductive Concept (IC), and Inadequate Generalization (IG) - collectively called Non-Scientific Concepts (NSC) - and Right Concept (RC), Wrong Concept (WC), and not fit for the inclusion criteria (NFIC). A total of 294 text excerpts were obtained, comprising 55.4% MC, 21.1% II, 9.2% IC, 5.4% IG, 4.1% RC, 2.7% WC, 2.0% NFIC, and 91.2% NSC. In order to examine the content in biochemistry textbooks, the following were selected: Campbell - Biochemistry; Lehninger - Principles of Biochemistry; Marzzoco & Torres - Basic Biochemistry; Stryer - Biochemistry; and Voet & Voet - Biochemistry. Most of the excerpts selected from the biochemistry textbooks were right concepts. However, 77.5% of the concepts highlighted negative aspects of free radicals. To investigate misconceptions among graduate students and high school teachers, a Free Radicals Questionnaire (FRQ) was developed. Pilot and final versions were given to 14 students enrolled in the graduate course Planning and Application of Didactical Sequences Encompassing Free Radicals Content and to 31 high school teachers enrolled in the extension course Free Radicals and its Interfaces with Life, respectively. The extension course was planned with the assistance of graduate students enrolled in the graduate course. FRQ is a multiple choice tier test with tiers for content evaluation and the participants perception of their level of certainty. Graduate students exhibited low levels of subject expertise and certainty. Teachers were tested pre- and post-intervention, and exhibited a high frequency of mistakes, comparable to graduate students, with similar pre- and post-test outcomes. However, their certainty level increased post-test. It is believed that these results may have occurred due to an academic lack of contact with the subject of free radicals. Additionally, two complementary questionnaires were given to the teachers: Professional Profile and Free Radicals Knowledge. Data collected from these questionnaires indicated that teachers collectively taught approximately 12,000 students and that the extension course contributed to increasing the teachers knowledge on free radicals. These results support the choice of the target audience and justify the implementation of the extension courses, because these courses have the potential to indirectly reach a large audience and can be used for thematic dissemination of knowledge in the subject area. The extension and graduate courses were highly rated by the teachers and graduate students, respectively. The high percentage of non-scientific concepts, especially misconceptions, found in printed media, as well as the misconceptions regarding free radicals prevalent among graduate students and teachers must concern specialists and scientists, as this topic is the subject of many advertisements encouraging consumption of antioxidant supplements. In biochemistry textbooks, increasing the content highlighting the physiological role of free radicals would contribute considerably in dispelling the widespread notion that free radicals are harmful to health.
Ahmed-Choudhury, Jalal. "In vitro effects of tertiary-butylhydroperoxide (tBOOH), an oxidative stress inducer, on the processes involved in bile formation using rat hepatocyte couplets." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367345.
Full textVieira, Henrique Heringer 1987. "Influência do tipo de matriz e de um antioxidante experimental na resistência de união entre compósito e estruturas dentais através de microcisalhamento." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/289481.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: Este trabalho divido em dois estudos teve como objetivos: 1 - Avaliar através de microcisalhamento a influência de três tipos de matrizes para confecção dos cilindros de resina composta sobre a resistência de união a dentina, 2- Avaliar a aplicação de um agente antioxidante experimental, antes e durante o procedimento adesivo, sobre a resistência de união aos substratos dentais clareados. Todas as amostras foram feitas com adesivo simplificado convencional (Single Bond / 3M ESPE) e resina fluida de nanopartículas (Filtek Z 350 Flow / 3M ESPE). Para o estudo 1 vinte dentes bovinos foram cortados, lixados e planificados, a fim de expor a dentina coronária. Em cada fragmento dental foram confeccionados três cilindros, cada feito com um tipo diferente de matriz: 1 - matriz de silicone, 2 - matriz experimental de macarrão e 3 - matriz de Tygon. A remoção dos tipos 1 e 3 de matrizes se fez pelo corte da matriz, e do tipo 2 por imersão em água até que o macarrão se soltasse do espécime. As amostras foram submetidas ao microcisalhamento. Os dados foram analisados através de análise unidirecional de variância (ANOVA) (? = 0,05). Não houve diferença estatística entre os diferentes tipos de matrizes estudadas. Para o estudo 2 foram utilizados 100 fragmentos de dentes bovinos, medindo 6x6x1mm de espessura. Os fragmentos foram distribuídos em 10 grupos, variando o substrato dental (esmalte e dentina) e tratamento a ser realizado: controle (sem tratamento), clareamento (peróxido de hidrogênio 35%) sem aplicação do agente antioxidante, clareamento com aplicação do agente antioxidante por 10 minutos antes do procedimento restaurador, clareamento com aplicação do agente antioxidante por 10 minutos após o condicionamento ácido, clareamento com aplicação do agente antioxidante por 30 minutos antes do condicionamento ácido. Após um período de 24 horas armazenado em saliva, os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao teste de microcisalhamento. Então foi aplicada análise de variância (ANOVA) "1 way" e teste de Tukey, considerando o nível de significância 5%, e análise do padrão de fratura. Não foi encontrada diferença estatística na resistência de união para o esmalte. Em dentina os grupos que receberam tratamento com antioxidante apresentaram valores de resistência de união intermediários aos grupos controle e sem tratamento antioxidante. Pode-se concluir que o tipo de matriz não interferiu nos resultados de resistência de união a dentina, e que o agente antioxidante apresentou bom comportamento por elevar os valores de resistência de união à dentina clareada
Abstract: This work divided in two studies aimed to: 1 - Evaluate through microshear the influence of three types of matrices for the fabrication of composite resin cylinders on the bond strength to dentin; 2 - Evaluate the application of an experimental antioxidant, before and during the adhesive procedure on the bond strength to dental substrates bleached. All samples were made with conventional simplified adhesive (Single Bond / 3M ESPE) and nanoparticles flow composite (Filtek Z 350 Flow / 3M ESPE). For the first study twenty bovine incisors were cuted, grinded and planned in order to expose coronal dentin. Each dental fragment received three cylinders, each one made with a different type of matrix: 1 - silicone matrix, 2 - experimental matrix and 3 - Tygon matrix. Removal of the 1 and 3 matrix types were made by cutting the matrix, and type 2 by immersion in water until the noodle let out of the specimen. Samples were so subjected to microshear. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (? = 0.05). There was no statistical difference between the matrices studied. For study 2 one hundred fragments of bovine incisors were used, measuring 6x6 mm and height of enamel and dentin 1mm each. The fragments were distributed into 10 groups, varying the dental substrate (enamel and dentin) and treatment to be performed: Control (no treatment), bleaching (hydrogen peroxide 35%) without application of antioxidant, bleaching agent application antioxidant for 10 minutes before the restorative procedure, bleaching with agent application antioxidant for 10 minutes after the acid etching, bleaching with agent application antioxidant for 30 minutes before etching. After a period of 24 hours stored in saliva, the samples passed by microshear test. So was applied one way ANOVA, considered the 5% significance level, and analysis of the fracture pattern. There was no statistical difference in enamel. In dentin the groups that received treatment with antioxidant, showed intermediate values compared with untreated and control groups. Can be concluded that the type of matrix does not affect the results of bond strength to dentin, and that the antioxidant showed good behavior by raising the values of bond strength to bleached dentin
Mestrado
Dentística
Mestre em Clínica Odontológica
Ishimoto, Emilia Yasuko. "Efeito hipolipemiante e antioxidante de subprodutos da uva em hamsters." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6133/tde-23072010-114923/.
Full textIntroduction: Recent studies have shown the great potential of certain food components such as antioxidant polyphenols and fiber in reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Grape pomace, a wine and juice processing byproduct, is a low cost material and a very good source of fiber and natural antioxidants. Objectives: To evaluate the hypolipidemic, antioxidant and sensory potential of wine and grape byproducts. Methods: To evaluate the in vitro antioxidant capacity, the DPPH method was used. The in vivo antioxidant and hypolipidemic potential was evaluated through an animal model, in which sixty hamsters were divided into six groups according to their diets: control, hyperlipidemic, wine pomace (WP) extract, juice pomace (JP) extract, WP supplemented diet and JP supplemented diet. Samples of blood and liver were collected after a 4-week experimental period to evaluate the lipid profile, ability to inhibit the LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) oxidation and antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes. For the sensory evaluation, BV and BS sorbet and popsicle were developed, and the sensory attributes were evaluated by 43 tasters according to a 9- point affective hedonic scale. Results: WP and JP extracts showed a very good in vitro antioxidant capacity. In the animal model, both WP and JP treated groups presented a significant improvement in the lipid profile and CAT enzyme antioxidant activity in comparison to hypercholesterolemic and control groups (p <0.05). Regarding the values of SOD, GPx and inhibition of LDL-c oxidation, there values were better when compared to hypercholesterolemic group, even though they were not significant in all treated groups. In the sensory evaluation, only the BV popsicle was not fully accepted. Conclusion: Both grapes byproducts showed a biological and sensory potential to be used as functional ingredients.
Nichi, Marcilio. "Efeito do tratamento com antioxidantes e ácidos graxos poli-insaturados em amostras espermáticas epididimárias de touros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-18012010-095928/.
Full textSperm recovery from the cauda epididymis can be very advantageous, for example: in case of the unexpected death of a genetically highly valuable animal, as an experimental model for research on semen and for the use in endangered species. However, the efficiency of this technique demands the study of several issues such as the storage conditions of the testicles prior semen collection, the effects of cryopreservation and semen extenders, among others. The objective of the present study was: 1- to evaluate the ideal temperature for testicles storage after slaughter (4 or 34ºC) based on functional tests and on in vitro fertility; 2- to evaluate the effect of storage temperature on fresh and cryopreserved semen samples, and; 3- to test the addition of decosaexanoic acid (DHA) and antioxidants to the semen extender. Sperm samples were collected from the caudae epididymides of testicles collected from abattoirs. To test the effect of temperature of storage, testicles were kept under 4 or 34ºC, between two to four hours after slaughter. Semen was then collected from the caudae epididymides and cryopreserved or not. Samples were then evaluated for computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA), membrane integrity and mitochondrial potential (propidium iodide, SYBR and JC1), in vitro fertilization outcomes, and susceptibility to the oxidative stress (TBARS). Results of this study indicated that, with no doubt, storage of testicles under 4ºC is the most appropriate in order to improve post-thaw sperm quality and in vitro fertility. Therefore, this temperature was used in the rest of the study to test the effect of DHA and antioxidant treatments to the semen extender. In this part of the study, semen was evaluated for membrane and acrosome integrities (eosin/nigrosin and fast green/bengal rose stain, respectively), mitochondrial activity (diaminobenzidine stain), DNA integrity (sperm chromatin structure assay SCSA) and, sperm susceptibility to the oxidative stress (TBARS). Results of the present study indicate that due to the treatment with DHA, epididymal sperm became more susceptible to the oxidative stress. On the other hand, different results were found regarding the association between DHA and antioxidant. The association between DHA and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and between DHA and reduced glutathione (GSH) showed better results on sperm motility and membrane integrity, respectively. On the other hand, when associated to the Vitamin E, the DHA showed poor results on mitochondrial activity. Results of the present study indicate that the treatment with DHA and SOD or GSH to epididymal sperm samples collected from testicles stored at 4ºC for up to 4 hours, may improve post-thaw sperm quality.
何子雅 and Tsz-nga Ho. "The role of free radicals and antioxidants in motor neurone degenerative disease." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31215294.
Full textHo, Tsz-nga. "The role of free radicals and antioxidants in motor neurone degenerative disease /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19737786.
Full textThompson, Dylan. "Muscle damage and soreness following prolonged intermittent shuttle running and the effect of vitamin C supplementation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1999. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10849.
Full textMcDonagh, Margaret P. "The role of energy restriction and environmental agent exposure in the aetiology of malnutrition related diabetes mellitus (MRDM)." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390162.
Full textBacon, Pamela Joy. "Clinically relevant detection methods for oxidant processes in biological systems." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388820.
Full textJones, Sandra Anne. "Effects of antioxidants and hyperthermia on UV- induced oxidative stress in human skin fibroblasts." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367812.
Full textMuhammad, Kwestan Rafat. "Biochemistry of antioxidants : antioxidant capacity measurment methods and their application to develop useful indicators of stability and functionality in food matrices." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1089.
Full textTwigg, Jeremy Philip. "DNA damage in human spermatozoa : free radicals, sperm function and ICSI." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391610.
Full textGriffiths, Derek S. F. "Studies on the effects of and protection against oxidative stress in cultured cells." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364395.
Full textZhang, Xunzhong. "Influence of Plant Growth Regulators on Turfgrass Growth, Antioxidant Status, and Drought Tolerance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30739.
Full textPh. D.
Vellosa, José Carlos Rebuglio [UNESP]. "Avaliação da capacidade antioxidante de extratos vegetais de plantas brasileiras e sua contribuição ao estudo de inibição da enzima mieloperoxidase." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86618.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A relevância da pesquisa de produtos naturais proporciona a descoberta de novos fármacos e o estudo de plantas que apresentem substâncias que possam agir sobre as diferentes espécies oxidantes geradas em nosso organismo torna-se de grande importância. No estudo da avaliação do potencial antioxidante das amostras deve-se considerar que: i) um composto deve ser testado em concentrações disponíveis in vivo e ii) ao avaliar os antioxidantes, deve-se utilizar pelo menos uma espécie relevante biologicamente. Deve-se perguntar como age o antioxidante, se ele age diretamente sobre a ERO ou ele inibe a sua geração e ainda, se ele age indiretamente regulando defesas antioxidantes endógenas. Foram avaliados extratos ou moléculas dos vegetais: Pterogyne nitens, Maytenus ilicifolia, Maytenus aquifolium, Salacia campestris, Piper gaudichaudianum, Piper crassinervium e Piper aduncum. A proposta deste trabalho é: i) avaliar a possibilidade de ação direta destas amostras sobre diferentes espécies reativas modelo e geradas em nosso organismo e ii) avaliar a inibição da mieloperoxidase, enzima envolvida em diferentes patologias. Observamos um grande potencial das plantas estudadas como fonte de compostos com ação antioxidante. Destacam-se as frações hidroalcoólicas e hexano-acetato da M. ilicifolia e M. aquifolium sobre o ânion superóxido. Além disso, identificou-se a existência de possíveis inibidores da MPO nos diferentes vegetais estudados, destacando-se quercetina (IC50=1,35mg/mL), 3-HexAcOEt (IC50=1,5mg/mL), 2-Hid (IC50=2,2mg/mL), 3-Hid (IC50=3,1mg/mL), S-3 (IC50=3,1mg/mL), 2-HexAcOEt (IC50=4,4mg/mL), 1C-BuOH (IC50=6,4mg/mL) e 4EtOH (IC50=8,9mg/mL). Por fim, caracterizou-se o tipo de inibição promovida pela S-3 (1,4-diidroxi-2-(3',7'-dimetil-1'-oxo-2'-E-6'-octadienil) benzeno) e pela quercetina como sendo do tipo mista.
Phagocytes, mainly polimorphonuclear neutrophils leucocytes, yield superoxide radical (O2 -), expending NADPH. By this process, many reactive species, such as HOCl, HO, ONOO -, are generated. These oxidants are made to fight microorganisms, but they are involved in many pathologies. Reactive species and free radicals generation are equilibrated by antioxidants. The search of new medicines turns natural products research an important option for discovering molecules with different biological activities. Natural products research is relevant for discovering new medicines and molecules able to fight oxidant species. In evaluating the antioxidant potential of substances, it is important considerate: i) a compound should be tested at concentrations achievable in vivo and ii) in assaying putative antioxidants, one should use biologically relevant ROS. It is important to ask if it works directly over the oxidant or it works by regulating endogenous antioxidants defenses. In this work, Pterogyne nitens, Maytenus ilicifolia, Maytenus aquifolium, Salacia campestris, Piper gaudichaudianum, Piper crassinervium and Piper aduncum were studied. The purpose of this work is: i) evaluate direct action of samples over different reactive species and ii) evaluate myeloperoxidase inhibition, an important enzyme involved in different pathologies. We observed that different evaluated plants are efficient sources of antioxidants. Moreover, different samples were able to inhibit myeloperoxidase, detaching quercetin (IC50=1,35mg/mL), 3-HexAcOEt (IC50=1,5mg/mL), 2-Hid (IC50=2,2mg/mL), 3-Hid (IC50=3,1mg/mL), S-3 (IC50=3,1mg/mL), 2-HexAcOEt (IC50=4,4mg/mL), 1C-BuOH (IC50=6,4mg/mL) and 4EtOH (IC50=8,9mg/mL). Besides, quercetin and S-3 (1,4-dihydroxi-2-(3',7'-dimethyl- 1'-oxo-2'-E,6'-octadienyl) benzene) were characterized as mixed MPO inhibitors.
Joshi, Gururaj. "MULTIFUNCTIONAL POTENTIAL THERAPEUTICS TOWARDS OXIDATIVE STRESS MEDIATED NEURODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS AND MODELS THEREOF." UKnowledge, 2006. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/298.
Full textametsetor, ebenezer, Emmanuel Onobun, and Ismail Kady. "Synthesis of Hydroxytyrosol Derivatives." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/64.
Full textHubbe, Michelle E. (Michelle Elzabet). "Evaluation of antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of honeybush tea (Cyclopia)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51749.
Full textVellosa, José Carlos Rebuglio. "Avaliação da capacidade antioxidante de extratos vegetais de plantas brasileiras e sua contribuição ao estudo de inibição da enzima mieloperoxidase /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86618.
Full textBanca: Mariza Pires de Melo
Banca: Iracilda Zeppone Carlos
Resumo: A relevância da pesquisa de produtos naturais proporciona a descoberta de novos fármacos e o estudo de plantas que apresentem substâncias que possam agir sobre as diferentes espécies oxidantes geradas em nosso organismo torna-se de grande importância. No estudo da avaliação do potencial antioxidante das amostras deve-se considerar que: i) um composto deve ser testado em concentrações disponíveis in vivo e ii) ao avaliar os antioxidantes, deve-se utilizar pelo menos uma espécie relevante biologicamente. Deve-se perguntar como age o antioxidante, se ele age diretamente sobre a ERO ou ele inibe a sua geração e ainda, se ele age indiretamente regulando defesas antioxidantes endógenas. Foram avaliados extratos ou moléculas dos vegetais: Pterogyne nitens, Maytenus ilicifolia, Maytenus aquifolium, Salacia campestris, Piper gaudichaudianum, Piper crassinervium e Piper aduncum. A proposta deste trabalho é: i) avaliar a possibilidade de ação direta destas amostras sobre diferentes espécies reativas modelo e geradas em nosso organismo e ii) avaliar a inibição da mieloperoxidase, enzima envolvida em diferentes patologias. Observamos um grande potencial das plantas estudadas como fonte de compostos com ação antioxidante. Destacam-se as frações hidroalcoólicas e hexano-acetato da M. ilicifolia e M. aquifolium sobre o ânion superóxido. Além disso, identificou-se a existência de possíveis inibidores da MPO nos diferentes vegetais estudados, destacando-se quercetina (IC50=1,35mg/mL), 3-HexAcOEt (IC50=1,5mg/mL), 2-Hid (IC50=2,2mg/mL), 3-Hid (IC50=3,1mg/mL), S-3 (IC50=3,1mg/mL), 2-HexAcOEt (IC50=4,4mg/mL), 1C-BuOH (IC50=6,4mg/mL) e 4EtOH (IC50=8,9mg/mL). Por fim, caracterizou-se o tipo de inibição promovida pela S-3 (1,4-diidroxi-2-(3',7'-dimetil-1'-oxo-2'-E-6'-octadienil) benzeno) e pela quercetina como sendo do tipo mista.
Abstract: Phagocytes, mainly polimorphonuclear neutrophils leucocytes, yield superoxide radical (O2 -), expending NADPH. By this process, many reactive species, such as HOCl, HO, ONOO -, are generated. These oxidants are made to fight microorganisms, but they are involved in many pathologies. Reactive species and free radicals generation are equilibrated by antioxidants. The search of new medicines turns natural products research an important option for discovering molecules with different biological activities. Natural products research is relevant for discovering new medicines and molecules able to fight oxidant species. In evaluating the antioxidant potential of substances, it is important considerate: i) a compound should be tested at concentrations achievable in vivo and ii) in assaying putative antioxidants, one should use biologically relevant ROS. It is important to ask if it works directly over the oxidant or it works by regulating endogenous antioxidants defenses. In this work, Pterogyne nitens, Maytenus ilicifolia, Maytenus aquifolium, Salacia campestris, Piper gaudichaudianum, Piper crassinervium and Piper aduncum were studied. The purpose of this work is: i) evaluate direct action of samples over different reactive species and ii) evaluate myeloperoxidase inhibition, an important enzyme involved in different pathologies. We observed that different evaluated plants are efficient sources of antioxidants. Moreover, different samples were able to inhibit myeloperoxidase, detaching quercetin (IC50=1,35mg/mL), 3-HexAcOEt (IC50=1,5mg/mL), 2-Hid (IC50=2,2mg/mL), 3-Hid (IC50=3,1mg/mL), S-3 (IC50=3,1mg/mL), 2-HexAcOEt (IC50=4,4mg/mL), 1C-BuOH (IC50=6,4mg/mL) and 4EtOH (IC50=8,9mg/mL). Besides, quercetin and S-3 (1,4-dihydroxi-2-(3',7'-dimethyl- 1'-oxo-2'-E,6'-octadienyl) benzene) were characterized as mixed MPO inhibitors.
Mestre
Ferreira, Gabriela. "Avaliação da atividade antioxidante de espécies de pterocaulon (asteraceae)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/88669.
Full textThe use of antioxidants of plant origin to delay aging and the treatment of degenerative diseases has grown considerably in recent years. Studies to determine the antioxidant, neuroprotective and liver protector activities are crucial to evaluating these natural compounds and for understanding the interactions between antioxidants and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Several studies have evaluated the antioxidant potential of phenolic compounds, which deserve proeminence in the face of other classes of natural products to neutralizing oxidative damages. The Asteraceae family comprises about 1100 genera, among these, Pterocaulon which encompasses about 25 species distributed in subtropical regions of America. Phytochemical studies showed the diversity of phenolic structures, mainly flavonoids and coumarins in the investigated species of Pterocaulon. Taking into account the previously reported antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds and their presence in the genus Pterocaulon, this study was aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective and antioxidant hepatoprotector capacity of crude methanolic extracts and nhexane, chloroform and methanol fractions obtained from the aerial parts of two species of Pterocaulon (P. alopecuroides and P. balansae) native from Rio Grande do Sul. The methanol fraction of the specie P.alopecuroides presented the highest contents of phenolic compounds and highest capacity to capture the peroxil radical formed in TRAP assay. The evaluation of the capacity to react with DPPH• shows that the methanol fraction presented highest antioxidant activity. The spontaneous LPO and that prompted by Fe+ +/ASC in mice brains were inhibited by the samples. In the highest methanol fraction concentration there was a significant increase in the NPSH content in the cerebral tissue.
Carreras, Cardona Anna. "Study of the Electron-Transfer properties of phenolics and their relationship with the biological activity on cancer cells." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81915.
Full text"Estudi de la Transferència Electrònica de compostos fenòlics i la seva relació amb l’activitat biològica en cèl•lules canceroses" En el metabolisme i respiració dels organismes aeròbics, l’oxigen és utilitzat com a receptor electrònic reduint-se principalment a aigua. Una petita part d’aquest oxigen no és totalment reduint obtenint-se un conjunt d’espècies radicalàries i no radicalàries (ROS). Aquestes espècies en ser altament reactives poden malmetre macromolècules, activitat que està relacionada amb l’aparició de malalties com el síndrome metabòlic i el càncer. Per aquest motiu els organismes han desenvolupat un sistema de regulació de la seva concentració. En determinades situacions, aquest sistema no és suficient i per tant, antioxidants exògens poden ajudar a aquest sistema endògen. Els polifenols molècules abundants en la nostra dieta (fruita i verdures) són els principals candidats, i s’ha demostrat un efecte preventiu i terapèutic en la salut per la seva part. L’efecte beneficiós exercit pels polifenols pot tenir lloc per dos mecanismes de reacció; per transferència d’hidrogen i per transferència electrònica. Actualment, no hi ha cap mètode prou eficaç que ens permeti determinar la acció del polifenols exercida per transferència electrònica, mecanisme que també habilita als polifenols per a formar ROS. En el nostre laboratori hem sintetitzat dos radicals lliures estables, els radicals tris(2,4,6-tricloro-3,5-dinitrofenil)metil (HNTTM) i el tris(2,3,5,6-tetracloro-4-nitrofenil)metil (TNPTM) com a quimiosensors de transferència electrònica. Aquests radicals ens permeten mesurar la activitat antiradicalària dels polifenols, i el TNPTM ens permet detectar a aquells polifenols amb una reactivitat per transferència electrònica més elevada i que no poden ser diferenciats amb altres mètodes. S’han fet estudis d’antiproliferació per part dels polifenols en cèl•lules de càncer de còlon HT-29 i s’ha demostrat que els polifenols amb més activitat antiproliferativa són els que tenen activitat front al TNPTM. Per tant, el radical TNPTM permet determinar als polifenols amb una elevada reactivitat per a cedir electrons i es suggereix que els mecanismes de transferència electrònica juguen un paper important en els mecanismes d’ antiproliferació en cèl•lules de càncer de còlon HT-29. S’ha proposat metodologia sintètica per a obtenir els principals glucuronats de l’epigal•locatequin-3-O-gal•lat (EGCG) el més abundant i més actiu dels polifenols del te verd. S’ha obtingut el precursor acetil•lat i metil•lat del glucuronat majoritari de l’EGCG obtingut en el metabolisme humà, l’EGCG-4’’-glucurònid i s’ha obtingut el conjugat final però no amb una quantitat suficient com per a ser aïllat.
FERNANDES, Kelly de Souza. "Estudo da atividade antioxidante do 4-nerolidilcatecol por métodos analíticos e biofísicos." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/814.
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Araujo, Fabiana Amaral. "Café (Coffea arabica, L.) submetido a diferentes condições de torrefação: caracterização química e avaliação da atividade antioxidante e sensorial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9132/tde-29032007-223916/.
Full textEvaluation of antioxidant activity of plant phenolic compounds has been studied as an alternative to the use of synthetic antioxidants, such as butil-hydroxy -toluene (BHT). In this paper we evaluated the in vitro antioxidant capacity of coffee extracts (ether, ethanol and aqueous) and fractions ( free, bound and unbound) roasted for different periods of time ( 0 and 20 min) and at varying temperatures (140ºC, 160ºC and 180ºC). In vitro analyses were made both by the β-carotene and linoleic acid (that indicates oxidation inhibition in an emulsion) as well as by the Rancimat method (that indicates oxidation inhibition in lipid medium). All extracts and fractions presented antioxidant activity equal to or higher than BHT at the same concentrations. Aqueous extract had a higher antioxidant activity due to its higher phenolic content. Kinetic factors obtained were also higher than those of BHT. The fractions\' phenolic acid profile was characterized by gaseous chromatography, identifying the following phenolic acids ( eu acrescentaria: with antioxidant activity, ou antioxidant potential]: salicylic, ferulic coffeic, synaptic, chlorogenic quinic, p-cusmaric ,gentisic and protocatechinic . No statistic differences were obtained in sensorial evaluation of coffee infusion between more intensely roasted samples, which are close to those of commercial samples (p> 0.05). Based on these results the 180ºC/10 min sample was used in evalution of antioxidative potential in vivo . For this purpose Wistar rats received a daily dietary complement of different doses of roasted (180ºC/10 min) coffee aqueous extract. Administered doses were efficient in avoiding oxidation of plasmatic, hepatic, cerebral and cardiac tissues as evaluated by the TBARS method (substances reactive to thio-barbituric acid) a dosis-response effect being observed for all but the cardiac tissue (p> 0.05). The plasmatic lipidic profile of supplemented animals also indicated efficiency in oxidation inhibition of poli-unsaturated fatty-acids as compared to control group results (p> 0.05). The data presented suggest the potential usefulness of aqueous coffee extract as an antioxidant, when administered as an additive as well as consumed as a beverage, since the aqueous extract had the highest antioxidative activity.
Magalhães, Daniela Maria Teixeira de. "Avaliação do estresse oxidativo em doentes infetados por VIH/ Sida." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4183.
Full textO estresse oxidativo é uma condição biológica que ocorre quando que há um desequilíbrio entre a produção de oxidantes e antioxidantes o que acarreta consequências graves para o organismo, como alterações nos lípidos, proteínas e ADN. A produção de oxidantes faz parte dos mecanismos fisiológicos normais e ocorre diariamente no nosso organismo. Contudo, podem ser exacerbados por fatores externos. Ambas as causas de produção de radicais livres, principais oxidantes a serem produzidos, são importantes e constituem uma grande fonte da sua produção. O organismo possui mecanismos capazes de combater estes danos. Está descrito na literatura que o estresse oxidativo está envolvido na progressão da infeção por VIH, provocando diversas alterações verdadeiramente importantes no percurso da infeção como alteração ao nível da replicação viral, enfraquecimento do sistema imunitário e elevada perda de peso. Pretende-se assim, neste trabalho, fazer uma revisão bibliográfica sobre as alterações no metabolismo oxidativo em indivíduos infetados com VIH e avaliar a sua influência na evolução desta patologia. The oxidative stress it’s a biological condition that occurs when there is na imbalance between the production of oxidants and antioxidants that entails serious consequences to the organism, such as exemple the changes in lipids, proteins and DNA. The production of oxidants is part of normal physiological mechanisms in the body occurs daily. However, may be exacerbated by external factors. Both cause production of free radicals, leading to oxidative be produced, are important and are a major source of their production. The organism has mechanisms that can fight those damages. It is writen that the oxidative stress it’s involved in the progression of infection by HIV, resulting in several changes that are very importante in the route of infection, such as it is the change at viral replication level, impairment of immune sistem and critical lost of weigh. In this job, it is intended to do a bibliographic review about the changes in the oxidative methabolism in individuals that are infected with HIV and evaluate that influence in the evolution of this pathology.
Kolhe, Amolkumar. "Synthetic Studies of Azulenyl and Pseudoazulenyl Nitrones." FIU Digital Commons, 2009. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/197.
Full textKřenová, Alena. "Antioxidační aktivita vybraných druhů drobného ovoce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217149.
Full textSilva, Robson Pinho da. "Comportamento redox e detecção voltamétrica de neurotransmissores, nitrito, derivados purínicos e nitrofural em sensores eletroquímicos à base de carbono." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-02052013-102258/.
Full textChemical systems, which are able to produce OH• and O2•- free radicals, responsible for damage in DNA, were studied at different carbon modified electrode surfaces. Guanine carbon paste modified electrode was used to promote the nitrofural (RNO2) monoelectronic reduction to its respective nitro anion radical, RNO2•-, which attacked guanine immobilized on the electrode surface. The interaction in situ promoted the formation of guanine cation radicals (G+•) between guanine (G), after a dimerization process, were detected in the positive potential range by Differential Pulse Voltammetry, DPV. The other studied systems refer to development of new carbon modified electrodes or utilization of carbon modified electrodes, previously described, for the detection of several important biological molecules. Ascorbic acid (AA), uric acid (UA), xanthine (XA) and hypoxanthine (HX) were simultaneously detected at pyrolytic graphite electrode, previously modified into dopamine solution (EGPD), using DPV. The oxidation peak potentials, were obtained by cyclic voltammetry at 51; 393; 0.765 and 1080 mV vs Ag/AgCl, KCl(sat) for AA, UA, XA and HX, respectively. The detection limit for XA in presence of 5.0 x10-5 mol L-1 HX was 2.3 x10-6 mol L-1 (with sensibility of 2.8 A mol-1 L cm-2), while the detection limit for HX in presence of 5.0 x10-5 mol L-1 XA was 5.6 x10-6 mol L-1 (with sensibility of 1.4 A mol-1 L cm-2). XA and HX were determined in urine samples and the values founded were 0.47 µM e 5.9 µM, respectively. Serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) were simultaneously detected at glassy carbon electrode, previously modified in serotonin solution (ECV - 5HT). Serotonin was detected at 379 mV vs Ag/AgCl, KCl (sat), 31 mV less positive potential than that observed at bare glassy carbon electrode (410 mV), while DA was detected at 200 mV. No interference was observed in presence of (AA), tyrosine (Tyr), epinephrine (EP) and noradrenaline (NE). Finally, in the last stage of this work, lignin, extracted from Kraft liqueur, was solubilized in acetonitrile/H2SO4 and used to disperse multi-wall carbon nanotubes, MWNTC. This suspension was used to modify the glassy carbon electrode surface and nitrite was detected, by DPV in the concentration range of 4,0 x 10-6≤ [NO2-] ≤ 8,0 x 10-5 mol L-1. The complex formed between neocuproina and Cu (I), a compound which can produce free radicals and thereby cause damage to DNA, was synthesized and characterized.
Poppe, Sandra Castro. "Estresse oxidativo e envelhecimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-11032019-102753/.
Full textThis work emphasizes the setting of oxidative stress-related parameters in a population of aged individuals, evaluating: plasmatic levels of low molecular weight antioxidants, vitamin C, α-tocopherol (αTC) and β-carotene (βCT) as well as their daily intake; activity of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes (CuZnSOD, CAT and GPX); lipid oxidation-derived products, more specifically thiobarbituric acid-reactant substances, and blood neutrophil oxidative burst activity. We studied 90 aged subjects living in the community, with ages 65 or more, selected from a subsample of EPIDOSO project under regular supervision by the Centro de Estudos do Envelhecimento of Universidade Federal de São Paulo. The parameters above mentioned were compared to those of a healthy young adult population. The daily intake of vitC, vitE and βCT of the aged population is well above that of young adults, and also above the RDA This is probably due to the clinical and nutritional orientation that has been offered to this aged group. This fact attests to the importance of systematic and specific clinical counseling to the elderly. Despite the proper daily intake of antioxidants, the plasmatic concentrations of these antioxidants do not correlate to their intake, being lower than the plasmatic concentrations in young adults. These results suggest that even a balanced and adequate diet is not enough, in the elderly, to promote the plasmatic antioxidant concentration needed to contral the activity of oxidant species. These low plasma levels of vitC, vitE and βCT in the elderly can be attributed to changes in absorption, distribution, and bioavailability of these antioxidants, which are common in the aging process. The specific activities of the antioxidant enzymes are higher than those of the younger population. Additionally, the oxidative parameters are higher in the aged group, supporting the idea that oxidative stress is involved in the aging process. These aged subjects received a vitamin-mineral supplementation (800 mg αTC, 15 mg βCT, 2g vitC and 100 µg selenium) aiming to modify the oxidative parameters. The randomized, double blind and placebo-controlled supplementation study was thus designed: the aged subjects were divided in 2 treatment groups, T1 and T2, where T1 received, first the vitamin-mineral supplementation (100 days) and then, after a washout period, a placebo treatment (100 days). The T2 group received the same treatment, but in inverse order (cross-over). The result analysis shows an increase in the plasmatic antioxidant concentrations in both treated groups, as well as a decrease in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, hinting to an adaptive cellular response. The supplementation also decreased the assessed oxidative parameters (SRAT and neutrophil oxidative burst).
Duarte, Ivone da Silva [UNIFESP]. "Estresse oxidativa e uso de DMSO em queratinócitos cultivados submetidos a privação de glicose e hipóxia gasosa." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2001. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/17269.
Full textO presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar o estresse oxidativo causado a culturas de queratinocitos atraves de sua exposicao a privacao de glicose e a hipoxia, com e sem o uso de um antioxidante, o Dimetil Sulfoxido (DMSO), avaliado atraves da dosagem do malonaldeido (MDA). O material e metodo constituiu-se de tres experimentos. No primeiro deles, 12 garrafas de cultura de queratinocitos foram preparadas ate atingir-se a confluencia desejada e divididas em quatro grupos (com e sem uso de DIVISO, com e sem hipoxia). Foram colhidas amostras do meio de cultura para dosagem do malonaldeido em diferentes fases do experimento: a) pre-experimento, b) 24 horas apos o inicio da privacao de glicose (antes da provocacao de hipoxia), c) 24 horas apos o inicio da privacao de glicose e imediatamente depois da provocacao de hipoxia, d) 48 horas apos a privacao de glicose (24 horas apos a hipoxia). O Experimento 2 constituiu-se das 12 garrafas do final do primeiro experimento e outras 12 garrafas que foram utilizadas como controle, sendo que foi colhido o material celular das 24 garrafas e realizada dosagem do MDA no homogeneizado celular de cada garrafa. O Experimento 3 foi realizado com 80 garrafas divididas em 10 grupos (meio de cultura com e sem glicose, uso ou nao de DIVISO, realizacao de hipoxia ou nao, alem das associacoes entre esses fatores), das quais foi colhido e homogeneizado o material celular para dosagem do MDA. A analise estatistica realizada com os resultados dos tres experimentos mostrou que o DIVISO foi eficiente na reducao do estresse oxidativo de culturas de queratinocitos, causado pela privacao de glicose e hipoxia, avaliado pelos valores de MDA comparando-se aos grupos controle
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Regan, Elizabeth Anne. "Extracellular superoxide dismutase and oxidant stress in osteoarthritis /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. IP filtered, 2006.
Find full textTypescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-128). Free to UCDHSC affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
Liu, Chia-chi. "Oxidation of ascorbate by protein radicals in simple systems and in cells." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/16746.
Full textBibliography: leaves 295-322.
Generation of peroxide groups in proteins exposed to a wide variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) requires an initial formation of protein carbon-centred or peroxyl free radicals, which can be reduced to hydroperoxides. Both protein radicals and protein hydroperoxides are capable of oxidizing important biomolecules and thus initiate biological damage. In this study, we investigated the inhibition of protein hydroperoxide formation by ascorbate and GSH in gamma-irradiated HL-60 cells.--We used HL-60 cells as a model for general protection of living organisms by ascorbate (Asc) and glutathione (GSH) from the deleterious effects of protein hydroperoxides generated by radicals produced by gamma radiation. Measurement by HPLC indicated that incubation of HL-60 cells with Asc in the presence of ascorbate oxidase resulted in the accumulation of intracellular Asc. The intracellular Asc levels were lowered by irradiation, demonstrating intracellular consumption of Asc by the radiation-generated radicals. Exposure of HL-60 cells to increasing gamma irradiation doses resulted in increasing accumulation of protein peroxides in the cells. This was measured by the FOX assay. A significant decrease in intracellular protein hydroperoxides was noted when the cells were treated with ascorbic acid before irradiation. A dose-dependent protective effect of Asc was observed. Asc loading also provided strong protection from radiation-generated protein hydroperoxides independently of the composition of the external medium, showing that only the radicals formed within the cells were effective in oxidizing the cell proteins. Similarly, protein peroxidation was inhibited in cells with enhanced levels of GSH and increased when the intracellular GSH concentration was reduced. These findings indicate that ascorbate and GSH are important antioxidants in protecting cells from oxidative stress associated with the generation of protein hydroperoxide.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
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Abreu, Luciana de. "ESTUDO DO PODER ANTIOXIDANTE EM INFUSÕES DE ERVAS UTILIZADAS COMO CHÁS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5742.
Full textO chá é uma das bebidas mais antigas e consumidas do mundo, sendo referido como uma das melhores fontes de compostos fenólicos. Estas substâncias têm sido alvo de estudo especialmente por apresentarem atividade antioxidante. O conceito de chá refere-se ao produto de infusões de plantas do gênero Camellia sp., sendo que as variações em suas denominações são relativas ao tipo de processo que estas plantas sofrem. Antioxidantes são substâncias usadas para conservar alimentos através do retardo da deterioração, rancidez e descoloração, decorrentes da auto-oxidação, ao mesmo tempo em que protegem os sistemas biológicos contra os efeitos danosos de reações das espécies reativas ao oxigênio. Vários métodos são utilizados para determinar a atividade antioxidante em extratos e substâncias isoladas. Um dos mais utilizados consiste em avaliar a atividade seqüestradora do radical livre estável DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-picril-hidrazil). Outras metodologias utilizadas para avaliar a capacidade antioxidante de um extrato são a determinação dos compostos fenólicos totais, o conteúdo de polifenóis totais, e a técnica de redução do ferro. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi determinar o teor de compostos bioativos, caracterizados pelo seu respectivo valor de atividade antioxidante, compostos fenólicos e flavonóides, em chás oriundos de 20 diferentes plantas, incluindo a Camellia sinensis (chá verde, chá preto, chá branco, chá amarelo e chá vermelho). O experimento foi realizado no Núcleo de Pesquisa em Pós-Colheita, localizado no departamento de Fitotecnia da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, RS. As amostras foram extraídas através da infusão de saches de papel filtro contendo 3 g da planta em 200 mL de água destilada e deionizada por 10 minutos de infusão, a 85°C. Após a extração as amostras foram acondicionadas em recipientes de vidro protegidos da ação da luz e armazenadas a temperatura de 0,5°C. A determinação da atividade antioxidante foi realizada pelo método DPPH, e pela atividade quelante de íons Fe+2. Como resultado, o chá branco apresentou a maior atividade antioxidante entre os chás avaliados, considerando o seqüestro de radical DPPH. Este chá apresentou também os maiores teores de flavonóides e polifenóis totais. O chá verde apresentou maior atividade antioxidante quando avaliada pela porcentagem de atividade quelante de íons ferroso. Entre os 20 tipos de chás avaliados, o chá de hibiscus praticamente não apresenta propriedades antioxidantes. Entre os chás oriundos da Camellia sinensis, o chá vermelho foi o que apresentou os menores valores de atividade antioxidante, independente do método ou avaliação realizada, porém não diferindo do chá preto, branco e amarelo na porcentagem de atividade quelante de íons ferroso. Considerando os resultados de EC50, chás de erva mate, carqueja e boldo apresentaram poder antioxidante intermediário em relação aos chás da planta Camellia sinensis e aos demais chás avaliados no presente trabalho.
Carvalho, Adriana Miranda. "Avaliação do estresse oxidativo em ilhotas pancreáticas humanas e em cultura de células INS-1E." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-01112007-161230/.
Full textHuman pancreatic islet transplantation is considered a promising strategy to cure the cure Diabetes Mellitus type I. However, transplantation efficiency is dramatically affected by sub-optimum islet recovery in the isolation/purification procedure and islet viability after transplantation. Isolated pancreatic islets are obtained through collagenase perfusion and cell purification in a Ficoll gradient. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role during human pancreatic islet isolation and may contribute to the decrease in cell viability. The aim of this study was evaluated the response of human pancreatic islets during its isolation/purification and culture time. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase as well as protein oxidation levels increased in most of analyzed samples, mainly during the Ficoll gradient islet purification step and further culture. Ficoll seems to be the critical step for ROS generation. Nevertheless, it was observed that donors characteristics (aging, cause of death, habits, etc.) and organ preservation conditions (ischemic time, preservation solution, etc.) may be related to our results. To minimize these variations, a physiological cellular model based on INS-1E cells was chosen. The antioxidant enzymes SOD, catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities as well the oxidative damage to proteins and lipids, reduced glutathione (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels, cellular viability and the protein levels of some enzymes responsible for apoptotic signaling like p38, JNK-1, ERK 1-2 and PI3-K upon exposure to polysucrose (1100 mg/mL), a similar of Ficoll, were determined. The SOD, catalase and GPx in samples exposed to polysucrose displayed hight activities. In all cultures, the activity of mitochondrial isoform of SOD (Mn-SOD) corresponds to 50% of total SOD activity. In the presence of polysucrose, the activity of Mn-SOD increased up to 80%. Lipids and protein oxidation levels were also increased and the GSH levels with the GR activity decreased. These results indicated that the exposure of INS-1E cells to polysucrose is associated with oxidative stress. However, the polysucrose exposure was not responsible for cell death although JNK-1, ERK1-2 and PI3-K levels showed hight levels but not p38, upon polysucrose exposure. The expression and activities of antioxidants enzymes are known to be very low in pancreatic islets. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was added to the INS-1E cultures to prevent oxidative stress. Under these conditions, NAC was able to protect INS- 1E cells from induced oxidative damage by increasing intracellular GSH levels. Taken together, these results suggest that the exposure to polysucrose is related to the oxidative stress in INS-1E cells and NAC seems to be able to maintain cell viability.
Guarienti, Cíntia. "Potencial antioxidante da microalga spirulina frente a condições de estresse oxidativo." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FURG, 2009. http://repositorio.furg.br/handle/1/2918.
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As propriedades nutricionais da microalga Spirulina têm sido relacionadas com possíveis propriedades antioxidantes, caracterizando-a no âmbito dos alimentos funcionais. Os antioxidantes são compostos que atuam inibindo e/ou diminuindo efeitos desencadeados pelo estresse oxidativo, conservando a harmonia entre a produção fisiológica de radicais livres e sua detoxificação. Objetivou-se avaliar o potencial antioxidante da microalga Spirulina e seu principal pigmento, a ficocianina, em situações de estresse oxidativo induzido. Foram realizados estudos com células da levedura Saccharomyces cerevisiae, submetidas a estresse oxidativo pela adição de 1,1´-dimetil-4,4´-bipiridilo (paraquat) nas concentrações 0, 10 e 15 mM, avaliando o potencial antioxidante da Spirulina através da sobrevivência celular (plaqueamento) e da lipoperoxidação (índice de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico, TBA). Também foi avaliado o efeito protetor da Spirulina e/ou da ficocianina em córtex cerebral de ratos submetidos a estresse oxidativo por administração de glutamato monossódico ou por situação de pânico. No córtex dos animais foram avaliados os índices de TBA e a atividade específica das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD) e catalase (CAT). O uso do herbicida paraquat nas concentrações 10 mM e 15mM, diminuiu a sobrevivência celular da levedura em relação ao controle (39,4 % e 17,1%, respectivamente) e aumentou significativamente a lipoperoxidação (p≤0,05). O agente estressor glutamato monossódico provocou aumento significativo (p≤0,05) da lipoperoxidação e diminuição significativa (p≤0,05) das atividades específicas das enzimas SOD e CAT no córtex cerebral dos ratos. O estresse por situação de pânico também provocou alterações significativas (p≤0,05) no córtex dos ratos, aumentando a peroxidação lipídica e a atividade da enzima SOD e diminuindo a atividade da enzima CAT. O uso da Spirulina, bem como da ficocianina, atenuaram os efeitos deletérios decorrentes do estresse oxidativo induzido em células de leveduras e em córtex de ratos, mantendo os parâmetros dos grupos tratados com estressor e antioxidante estatisticamente iguais aos do grupo controle. Estes resultados contribuem com a caracterização da microalga no âmbito dos alimentos funcionais antioxidantes.
The nutritional properties of the microalgae Spirulina have been related with possible therapeutical properties, characterizing it in the scope of functional and nutraceutical foods mainly had its antioxidant potential. The antioxidant substances are composites that act inhibiting and/or decreasing the effect unchained of oxidative stress, conserving the balance between physiological production of free radicals and its detoxification. It was objectified to evaluatethe antioxidant potential of the microalgae Spirulina and its main pigment, the phycocyanin, in situation of oxidative stress induced. studies whit cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast had been carried, submitted oxidative stress for the addition of 1,1´-dimetil-4,4´-bipiridilo (paraquat) in concentrations 0, 10 and 15 mM, evaluating the antioxidant potential of the Spirulina throught the cellular survival and reactives substances index to the tiobarbituric acid (TBA). Also was evaluated the protective effect of the Spirulina and phycocyanin, in cerebral cortex of rats submitted to oxidative stress induced for glutamate monosodic administration or panic situation. In the cortex of animals the TBA index, and activity of enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) had been evaluated. The use of paraquat in concentrations 10 mM and 15mM, decreased yeast cellular survival in relation to the control (39.4% and 17.1%, respectively) and increased the lipoperoxidation significantly (p≤0,05). The estressor agent glutamate monossodic provoked significant increase (p≤0,05) in lipoperoxidation and significant reduction (p≤0,05) of enzymes SOD and CAT in the cerebral cortex of the rats. The oxidative stress for panic situation also provoked significant alterations (p≤0,05) in the cortex of the rats, increasing the lipidic peroxidation and the activity of enzyme SOD and diminishing the activity of enzyme CAT. The use of the Spirulina, as well as phycocyanin, had attenuated the decurrent deleterious effect of oxidative stress induced in cells of yeast and in cortex of rats, keeping the parameters of the groups dealt with statistical equal stressor and antioxidant substance to the ones of the group has controlled. These results contribute with the characterization of the microalgae in the scope of antioxidant functional foods.
Brandi, Tarrau Nuria Mercedes. "Estrés oxidativo en el neonato prematuro y en pacientes pediátricos infectados por el VIH." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668859.
Full textSchemitt, Elizângela Gonçalves. "Ação da glutamina sobre o estresse oxidativo e processo inflamatório na insuficiência hepática aguda grave." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/110198.
Full textIntroduction: Severe acute liver failure (SALF) is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by severe and sudden dysfunction of liver cells. The administration of the hepatotoxin thioacetamide (TAA) in rats causes the death of liver cells by necrosis and lobular center promotes increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Glutamine is a precursor for the synthesis of glutathione amino acid. Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant effect of glutamine in IHAG experimental model in rats induced by TAA. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups by evaluation period: control, glutamine (25 mg / kg), thioacetamide (400 mg / kg) and animals that received thioacetamide and glutamine. Animals were evaluated at 24, 36 and 48 hours. Blood was collected for analysis of AST, ALT, ALP, BT and CRE and liver samples to assess lipid peroxidation (TBARS), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, CAT and GST), histological and immunohistochemical analysis NF-kB, iNOS and TNF-a. Results: The levels of TBARS and the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD and GST were significantly decreased in animals in groups treated with glutamine compared with those for groups TAA. CAT activity was shown to be increased in animals receiving glutamine compared to groups TAA. The GPx activity decreased significantly in the groups treated with glutamine when evaluated at 36 and 48 hours compared with those for groups TAA in these times. The tissue damage and the expression of NF-kB, iNOS and TNF-a were significantly lower in animals treated with glutamine. Conclusion: The thioacetamide causes changes in some biochemical, and histological parameters in the inflammatory process, in turn glutamine exerts protective of the liver damage caused by thioacetamide in IHAG model action.
Radomir, Malbaša. "Istraživanje antioksidativne aktivnosti napitka od čajne gljive." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2004. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=71474&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Full textAbstract was processed by technology for Optical character recognition (OCR).The antioxidant activity of differently prepared beverages and fermentative liquids of tea fungus was examined, primarily by following of ability for transformation and stabilization of reactive hydroxyl-radicals and reduction of stable 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. Some of the metabolites of kombucha that act as antioxidants (vitamins B2 and C) and organic acids that stabilize tea fungus beverage were determined. The primary used analytical techniques were ESR, HPLC, TLC, spectrophotometry of products of enzymatic reactions and voIumetry.
Nichi, Marcilio. "Sistemas de proteção enzimática e níveis de peroxidação espontânea dos lipídios seminais de touros zebuínos e taurinos criados a campo na região de Dourados, MS." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10131/tde-14062004-114313/.
Full textResistance to tropical environments is lower in Bos taurus taurus than in Bos taurus indicus cattle. This trait influences reproductive aspects, and is greatly discussed in publications worldwide. This negative influence is much more significant in bulls, since lower fertility in them highly impacts animal production. There are many studies demonstrating that exposure of European bulls to heat stress will negatively affect their seminal parameters, leading ultimately to lower fertility rates, but the pathogenic pathway has not been clarified. One hypothesis is that this lower fertility is due to higher levels of oxidative damage in these bulls, in which there would be an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant capacity. In order to test this hypothesis, 20 Simmental bulls (Bos taurus taurus) and 20 Nelore bulls (Bos taurus indicus) kept under extensive breeding in the Dourados region, in Mato Grosso do Sul state were used. Semen collection occurred twice a year, during summer and winter, for a two year period. Samples were submitted to standard semen analysis and the levels of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) dismutase were measured. To evaluate oxidative damage to the cells the levels of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Data were analyzed for breed (Nelore or Simmental) and season (summer or winter) by the ONEWAY analysis of variance, using the SAS for Windows. Minor defects, total defects and motility did not differ in breed or in season. Season showed an effect on major defects (20.32±15.30% and 12.17±12.27%, summer and winter respectively; p=0.02) and MDA (842.66±527.98 and 419.30±434.14 ng/mL, summer and winter respectively; p=0.006), only in the Simmental animals. SOD and catalase levels did not differ between breeds or seasons. Correlations were observed between MDA and sperm head defects (r=0.39, p=0.0035) and between SOD and primary defects (r= -0.31, p=0.0075). Results suggest a higher level of oxidative stress in European bulls raised in field conditions, when compared to Indian bulls under the same conditions, and this is probably due to a higher ROS production, without a concomitant increase in antioxidant levels.
Pimentel, Fabiana de Oliveira. "Atividade antioxidante de Byrsonima crassa Nied. e Byrsonima fagifolia Nied. em modelos de indução de ulcera gastrica." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/313739.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: A úlcera péptica afeta cerca de 10% da população ocidental. Estudos relatam a participação de espécies reativas do oxigênio (EROs) na etiologia e patofisiologia das doenças humanas; como o processo inflamatório, infecção viral, doenças auto-imunes, doenças gastrointestinais e na úlcera gástrica. Alterações bioquímicas são constatadas durante a formação da úlcera, indicando que os radicais livres estão envolvidos com o processo ulceroso. Na úlcera por etanol ocorre formação de edema, liberação de substâncias vasoativas, infiltração de células inflamatórias e aumento da permeabilidade da mucosa. Há uma maior formação de EROs a partir das células inflamatórias, devido a alterações na cadeia respiratória ou a atividade da xantina oxidase, utilizando acetaldeído como substrato. Na úlcera gástrica por de isquemia e reperfusão, a liberação de EROs é relatada como um evento patológico central, sendo a mesma por si só capaz de provocar lesões no tecido gástrico; entretanto, é após a reperfusão que ocorrem os principais eventos lesivos. Neste trabalho foi avaliada a possível atividade antioxidante da fração acetato de etila (FAc) de Byrsonima crassa e Byrsonima fagifolia em úlcera induzida por etanol e por isquemia e reperfusão em ratos machos Wistar. Sob nossas condições experimentais, os modelos de indução de úlcera por etanol e por isquemia e reperfusão provocaram alterações no sistema antioxidante da mucosa gástrica de ratos, como nos níveis de grupamentos sulfidrila (GSH), glutationa peroxidase (GPx) e glutationa redutase (GR). Também observamos aumento na atividade da superóxido dismutase (SOD) e da concentração de espécies que reagem com o ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARs), como índice de peroxidação lipídica (LPO). As FAc de B. crassa e FAc de B. fagifolia no modelo de etanol permitiram o restabelecimento dos níveis de GSH, de LPO e da atividade da SOD. Com relação as GPx e GR apenas o tratamento com FAc de B.crassa permitiu o seu restabelecimento. O tratamento com FAc de B. crassa e FAc de B. fagifolia no modelo de isquemia e reperfusão não restabeleceu nenhum dos parâmetros estudados. A atividade antiulcerogênica da FAc de B. crassa e B. de fagifolia pode estar envolvida com atividade antioxidante através do seqüestro de radicais livres aliado a outros mecanismos de proteção
Abstract: The gastric ulcer is a pathology that affects about 10% of the world-wide population. There is evidence concerning the participation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the etiology and pathophysiology of human diseases, such as inflammation, viral infections, autoimmune pathologies, and digestive system disorders such as gastrointestinal inflammation and gastric ulcer. Studies have shown alterations in the antioxidant status following ulceration, indicating that free radicals seem to be associated with the ethanol-induced and ischaemia-reperfusion-induced ulceration in rats. Ethanol promotes a strong and quick venoconstriction, which is followed by arteriolar dilatation. The oxyradicals generated during the episodes of ethanol can provoke severe changes leading to cell death. In the ischaemia and reperfusion the release of ROS is reported as a central pathological event. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the ethila acetate fraction (FAc) of gross Byrsonima crassa Nied. and Byrsonima fagifolia Nied. in the induced ulcer by absolute ethanol and ischaemia and reperfusion in male rats Wistar. We observed the reduction of the levels the sulfhydryl compounds (GSH), the increase in the concentration of species that react with the tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), as index of lipid peroxidation (LPO), beyond the reduction in the activity in the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR.) and increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD). The FAc B. crassa and FAc B. fagifolia administration in the ethanol induced the reestablishment of the levels of GSH, LPO and activity of the SOD. Regarding to the GPx and GR activities only the treatment with FAc B.crassa allowed its reestablishment. In ischaemia and reperfusion -induced gastric lesions, were observed the increase of LPO, the reduction of the activity of the GPx and GR., and the increase of SOD. The treatment with FAc B. crassa and Fac B. fagifolia in ischaemia and reperfusion -induced gastric lesions did not reestablish none of the studied parameters. The antiulcerogenic activity of gross FAc B. crassa and FAc B. fagifolia can be involved with antioxidant activity, through the free radicals kidnapping associated with other mechanisms of protection
Mestrado
Mestre em Farmacologia
Portella, Rafael de Lima. "Oximas como inibidores da oxidação de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11109.
Full textThe oxidation of low density lipoprotein is now an established hypothesis of atherogenesis and suggests that accumulation of oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in the vessel wall is an early event in disease progression. OxLDL represents a variety of modification of both lipid and apolipoprotein B (apoB) components by peroxidation. This promotes atherosclerosis through inflammatory and immunologic mechanisms that lead to the formation of macrophage foam cells. There are studies showing that different antioxidants inhibit both ex vivo LDL oxidation and atherosclerosis in experimental animals. In view of this, we have evaluated the antioxidant properties of the new oximes butane-2,3-dionethiosemicarbazone and 3-(phenylhydrazono)butan-2-one against Cu2+-induced LDL and serum oxidation. Conjugated dienes formation, loss of tryptophan fluorescence, and TBARS formation were assassed as oxidation parameters. The results obtained in this study showed that both oximes are able to prevent Cu2+-induced LDL and serum oxidation in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, both oximes caused a significant increase in lag phase of conjugated dienes formation and a significant decrease in TBARS production. Indeed, oximes protected the early stage of LDL oxidation as destruction of tryptophan residues of ApoB and the subsequent propagation phase. Oxime butane-2,3-dionethiosemicarbazone showed to be more effective than 3-(phenylhydrazono) butan-2-one in all parameters analyzed. In conclusion, both oximes exhibited a protective role in LDL and serum oxidation. This protection may contribute to prevent LDL oxidation in vivo and thus the atherogenesis. However, further stydies are needed to clarify the oximes antioxidant properties angainst other models of free radical generators and the molecular mechanism in which oximes prevent LDL oxidation.
A oxidação da LDL é uma hipótese da aterogênese e sugere que o acúmulo de lipoproteína de baixa densidade oxidada (oxLDL) na parede do vaso é um evento precoce na progressão da doença. A oxLDL é uma molécula oriunda das modificações oxidativas que ocorrem nos componentes lipídicos e na apolipoproteína B (apoB) da LDL. A oxLDL ajuda a promover a aterosclerose através de mecanismos imunológicos e inflamatórios que levam à formação de células espumosas (foam cells). Existem estudos mostrando que diferentes antioxidantes inibem tanto a oxidação da LDL ex vivo quanto o desenvolvimento de aterosclerose em modelos de animais experimentais. Em vista disto, neste trabalho foi avaliado o efeito das propriedades antioxidantes das oximas butano-2,3-dionethiosemicarbazone e 3- (phenylhidrazono)butano-2-ona contra a oxidação da LDL isolada e do soro induzida por Cu2+. A formação de dienos conjugados, a perda da fluorescência do triptofano e a formação de TBARS foram avaliadas como parâmetros de oxidação. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo mostraram que ambas as oximas foram capazes de prevenir a oxidação da LDL e do soro induzidas por Cu2+ de maneira dependente da concentração. Ambas as oximas causaram um aumento significativo na fase lag da formação de dienos conjugados e uma diminuição significativa na produção de TBARS. Além disso, as oximas se mostraram efetivas em proteger a fase inicial da oxidação da LDL, indicada pela destruição de resíduos de triptofano da apoB e a subsequente fase de propagação. A oxima butano-2,3-dionethiosemicarbazone mostrou-se mais eficaz do que a 3-(phenylhydrazono) butano-2-one em todos os parâmetros analisados. Em conclusão, ambas as oximas foram efetivas em proteger a LDL da oxidação. Esta proteção pode contribuir para evitar a oxidação de LDL in vivo e possivelmente a aterogênese. No entanto, estudos adicionais são necessários para esclarecer as propriedades antioxidantes das oximas contra outros geradores de radicais livres e o mecanismo molecular pelo qual as mesmas reduzem a oxidação da LDL.
Welker, Alexis Fonseca. "Efeito da flutuação da disponibilidade de oxigênio e da privação alimentar sobre o metabolismo de radicais livres." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-13082009-184809/.
Full textMany species of animals experience situations in which occurs a profound metabolic depression, like anoxia, hypoxia and hibernation. During reoxygenation or arousal, there is an increase of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which tend to cause oxidative damage. Different antioxidant enzymes protect the organims against the ROS, however the real importance of each one of them during reoxygenation is not known. Hibernation is one of the types of hypometabolism less studied, and questions about how the hibernators protect themselves from ROS during the arousal have not yet been answered. The analysis of the existent data is complex due to the existence of uncontrolled variables. In this thesis were carried out two studies in which were investigated: the importance of catalase in a cycle of anoxia and reoxygenation in pulmonate snails, and the effect of hibernation and of food deprivation in the intestine of tegu lizards. Considering the results, it was possible to conclude that catalase plays an complementary role against the damages caused by ROS and in association with the other components of the antioxidant system. However, its function seems to be non-essential, being greatly compensated by the glutathione peroxidase activity. It was also possible to conclude that hibernation, studied without the interference of drastic falls in temperature, causes clear alterations in free radicals metabolism in the lizards intestine, with a reduction in enzymes activities and in glutathione concentration. The absence of big oxidative damage during the arousal of the animals shows that they have an efficient antioxidant system. Food deprivation resulted in similar responses of those from hibernation, but seemed to cause some degree of oxidative stress. The results presented in this thesis answer two questions in the study of the free radical metabolism in situations that involve fluctuations in oxygen availability and consumption.
Theunissen, Sigrid. "Intérêt de l'apport en chocolat noir dans la prévention des effets de la plongée à l'air et en apnée sur l'endothélium vasculaire." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063135.
Full textSouza, Micheline Cristiane Rocha de. "Atividade antioxidante de fucanas e galactanas extra?das de algas marinhas." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12532.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Studies made with polysaccharides of seaweed have demonstrated that these present important biological and pharmacological activities. These composites had presented "scavenging" activity of free radicals, which is important in the mediation of the inflammatory process and in the pathology of diverse disease. Recently, this "scavenging" property has taken some researches to evaluate the antioxidant capacity from various polysaccharides. Considering the limited research with polysaccharides and knowing its largely employed by the pharmaceutical and foodstuffs industries, we have objective to verify the actions from fucans and galactans as antioxidants. The fucans are found in brown seaweed and the galactans (carrageenans) in red seaweed. The fucans were obtained from seaweed Padina gymnospora (F0.5 e F1.1 fractions), common to our coastline and one another fucan, fucoidan, was of origin commercial and extracted from seaweed Fucus vesiculosus. The λ, κ e ι carrageenans were also of origin commercial. The antioxidant activities were tested in superoxide and hydroxyl systems to generated free radicals and for the inhibition of the lipid peroxidation. The results obtained to inhibition of formation the superoxide radicals demonstrated that all polysaccharides presented scavenging activity of superoxide radicals. The fucoidan, F0.5 and F1.1 fractions presented IC50 of 0.058; 0.243 and 0.243 mg/mL, respectively, while IC50 of the λ, κ and ι carrageenans were 0.046; 0.112 and 0.332 mg/mL, respectively. The results to inhibition of formation the hydroxyl radicals demonstrated that all sample had low effect in the inhibition of the formation of these radicals, except the F0.5. For these radicals the IC50 were 0.157 and 0.353 mg/mL to the fucoidan and F1.1, respectively and 0.357; 0.335 and 0.281 mg/mL to λ, κ and ι carrageenans, respectively. All the samples were capacity to inhibition the peroxidation, it present the IC50 of 1.250; 2.753 and 2.341 mg/mL to fucoidan, F0.5 and F1.1, respectively. Already the λ, κ and ι carrageenans presented the IC50 of 2.697; 0.323 and 0.830 mg/mL, respectively. With these findings, we conclude that polysaccharides used in this study presented activity antioxidant, and that fucoidan and the λ carrageenan show a significant "scavenging" activity for the radicals superoxide and the κ carrageenan a significant inhibitory activity for the lipid peroxidation
Estudos feitos com polissacar?deos de algas t?m demonstrado que esses apresentam atividades biol?gicas e farmacol?gicas importantes. Estes compostos apresentaram atividade varredora de radicais livres, os quais s?o importantes na media??o do processo inflamat?rio e na patologia de diversas doen?as. Recentemente, essa propriedade varredora tem levado alguns pesquisadores a avaliar a capacidade antioxidante de diversos polissacar?deos. Considerando o reduzido n?mero de pesquisas com estes compostos e sabendo-se de seu largo emprego pela ind?stria farmac?utica e aliment?cia, objetivamos neste trabalho, verificar as a??es de fucanas e galactanas como antioxidantes. As fucanas s?o encontradas em algas marrons e as galactanas (carragenanas) em algas vermelhas. As fucanas foram obtidas da alga Padina gymnospora (fra??es F0,5 e F1,1), comum em nosso litoral, e uma outra fucana, o fucoidan, foi de origem comercial e extra?do da alga Fucus vesiculosus. As carragenanas λ, κ e ι tamb?m foram comerciais. A atividade antioxidante foi testada em sistemas geradores de radicais super?xidos e hidroxilas, e pela inibi??o da peroxida??o lip?dica. Os resultados obtidos para inibi??o da forma??o de radicais super?xidos demonstraram que todos os polissacar?deos apresentaram atividade varredora de radicais super?xidos. O fucoidan, as fra??es F0,5 e F1,1 apresentaram IC50 de 0,058; 0,243 e 0,243 mg/mL, respectivamente; enquanto o IC50 das carragenanas λ, κ e ι foi de 0,046; 0,112 e 0,332 mg/mL, respectivamente. Os resultados para inibi??o da forma??o de radicais hidroxilas demonstraram que todas as amostras inibiram a forma??o destes radicais, exceto a F0,5. Para estes radicais o IC50 foi de 0,157 e 0,353 mg/mL para o fucoidan e F1,1, e de 0,357; 0,335 e 0,281 mg/mL para carragenanas λ, κ e ι, respectivamente. Todas as amostras foram capazes de inibir a peroxida??o lip?dica com IC50 de 1,250, 2,753 e 2,341 mg/mL para o fucoidan, F0,5 e F1,1, respectivamente. J? as carragenanas λ, κ e ι apresentaram o IC50 de 2,697, 0,323 e 0,830 mg/mL, respectivamente. Com estes achados, conclu?mos que os polissacar?deos usados neste estudo apresentam atividade antioxidante, e que o fucoidan e a carragenana λ exibem uma significante atividade varredora para os radicais super?xido e a carragenana κ uma significante atividade inibit?ria da peroxida??o lip?dica
Bartošová, Jitka. "Stanovení celkové antioxidační aktivity čajových nálevů vybraných druhů čajů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216489.
Full textAntunes, Rozyanne Rosa. "Marcador de estresse oxidativo, alterações hematológicas e bioquímicas em equinos da raça crioula submetidos a exercício de cavalgada." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/934.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The Criollo horse is a highly appreciated breed across Brazil and is particularly popular in the southern region, where it is typically used in cavalcades (a traditional horseback ride through urban and rural areas). During this activity, the occurrence of oxidative stress and muscle damage can affect the animals performance. The present study aimed to register and evaluate the physical, biochemical, hematological and antioxidant level alterations resulting from the cavalcade exercise in this specific breed. Thus, physical examinations and blood sample collections from 15 Criollo horses were carried out in Lages, located in highlands of Santa Catarina state, during the winter period, in 3 different moments: 1 day before the event (baseline), immediately before the event s start (pre-exercise) and soon after the event was over (post-exercise). The animals walked for 3h30min, corresponding to a circuit of 27 km of asphalt with minimal incline variations. The performed physical examinations included assessing heart rate, respiratory rate, cecal and cardiac auscultation, pulse, mucus membrane coloration, lymphnode palpation and capillary refill time. On the other hand, the evaluated hematologic parameters were: total RBC count, Hb concentration, hematocrit, total WBC count and differential WBC count. Total protein and fibrinogen concentrations were also determined to estimate dehydration levels. Finally, the following biochemical metabolites were analyzed: aspartate transaminase (AST), urea, creatinine, lactate and glucose; and oxidative stress was inferred through the quantification of reduced glutathione (GSH). No difference was observed between moments for AST, lactate, urea or GSH. However, despite finding statistical difference between moments for creatinine, glucose, fibrinogen and total WBC count, the values were still within the reference level, suggesting no clinical significance to the alterations. Therefore, this study concludes that the cavalcade exercise does not significantly alter hematological, biochemical and antioxidant parameters of Criollo horses under the established conditions
A criação de equinos da raça Crioula tem diversos apreciadores por todo o país, principalmente na região Sul do Brasil. Uma das atividades exercidas com esses animais são as cavalgadas, que consistem em passeios tanto no meio rural quanto urbano. O estresse oxidativo, resultante do desequilíbrio dos agentes pró-oxidantes e antioxidades, levam a alterações que ocasionam a diminuição do desempenho dos animais. As lesões musculares ocasionadas pelo exercício também contribuem para a queda do desempenho dos equinos. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar as possíveis alterações hematológicas, bioquímicas e do antioxidante glutationa reduzida (GSH) após o exercício de cavalgada em equinos da raça Crioula. Para tanto, foram analisados 15 equinos Crioulos durante o exercício de cavalgada em Lages - Santa Catarina, município localizado na Serra Catarinense (altitude 930 metros), durante o período de inverno. O dia do evento era um dia típico de inverno, com temperatura baixa e chuvoso. O percurso correspondeu a 27 km, do qual o terreno consistia predominantemente em asfalto, com pequenas variações de declives, sendo, em sua maioria, reto e plano. Os animais seguiram ao passo totalizando o tempo de três horas e meia, com velocidade média de 7,15 km/h. Foram realizadas as colheitas sanguíneas em três momentos: o momento basal, ainda quando os animais se encontravam na propriedade; o momento início, antes do início da cavalgada; e momento chegada, imediatamente após o final da cavalgada. Em todos os momentos foi realizado exame físico dos animais, que incluiu verificação da frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, auscultação cardíaca, auscultação cecal, pulso, avaliação da coloração de mucosas, palpação de linfonodos e tempo de preenchimento capilar. Para avaliação hematológica foi processado o hemograma completo e na análise bioquímica foram avaliados os valores de aspartato aminotransferase (AST), ureia, creatinina, lactato e glicose. Para análise do estresse oxidativo foi mensurado o valor do antioxidante glutationa reduzida eritrocitária (GSH). Não foram encontradas diferenças para os resultados obtidos entre os momentos verificados para os valores hematológicos e para os valores de AST, lactato, ureia e GSH. Houve diferença nos valores de creatinina, glicose, fibrinogênio e leucócitos totais, porém estes valores não ultrapassaram os valores de referência para a espécie. Concluiu-se que o exercício de cavalgada não altera os valores hematológicos, bioquímicos e do antioxidante glutationa nas condições em que o estudo foi realizado em equinos da raça Crioula
Lima, Adriane Trindade Medeiros. "Avalia??o do potencial antioxidante e antiinflamat?rio de galactomanana do fungo Tyllopiillus ballllouiii." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12552.
Full textCoordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
Polymers of mushroom cellular wall are recognized for presenting a lot of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tumoral action. Polysaccharides from mushrooms of different molecular mass obtained mushrooms can activate leucocytes, stimulate fagocitic, citotoxic and antimicrobial activity including oxygen reactive species production. In this study were investigated chemical characteristics, in vitro antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory action in an acute inflammation model of the polysaccharides extracted from Tylopilus ballouii. Results showed that were mainly extracted polysaccharides and that it primarily consisted of mannose and galactose with variable amounts of xylose and fucose. Infrared analysis showed a possible interation between this polysaccharides and proteins. In addition, molecular mass was about 140KDa. Antioxidant activity was tested by superoxide and hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, total antioxidant activity and lipid peroxidation assay. For superoxide and hydroxyl radical generation inhibition, polysaccharides have an IC50 of 2.36 and 0.36 mg/mL, respectively. Lipid peroxidation assay results showed that polysaccharides from Tylopilus ballouii present an IC50 of 3.42 mg/mL. Futhermore, anti-inflammatory assay showed that polysaccharides cause an paw edema decreasing in 32.8, 42 and 56% in 30, 50 and 70 mg/Kg dose, respectively. Thus, these results can indicate a possible use for these polysaccharides from Tylopilus ballouii as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant.
Pol?meros da parede celular de fungos s?o conhecidos por possu?rem muitas atividades biol?gicas como suas a??es antiinflamat?rias, antioxidante e antitumoral. Polissacar?deos de diferentes pesos moleculares obtidos de cogumelos podem ativar os leuc?citos, estimular a atividade fagoc?tica, citot?xica e antimicrobiana, incluindo a produ??o de esp?cies reativas de oxig?nio. No presente estudo, foi investigada a caracter?stica qu?mica dos polissacar?deos extra?dos de Tylopilus ballouii sua atividade antioxidante in vitro e a sua atividade antiinflamat?ria no modelo de inflama??o aguda. Os resultados mostraram que foram extra?dos predominantemente polissacar?deos e esses consistiram primariamente de manose e galactose e possui quantidades vari?veis de xilose e fucose. As an?lises de infravermelho mostraram a poss?vel intera??o entre estes polissacar?deos e prote?nas. Al?m disso, seu peso molecular ? de cerca de 140 kDa. A atividade antioxidante foi testada com rela??o ao seq?estro sobre os radicais super?xido e hidroxila, atividade antioxidante total e peroxida??o lip?dica. Com rela??o ? inibi??o da forma??o dos radicais super?xido e hidroxila, os polissacar?deos atingiram um IC50 de 1,64 e 1,25 mg/ml, respectivamente. Os resultados do ensaio de peroxida??o lip?dica mostraram que os polissacar?deos de Tylopilus ballouii apresentam um IC50 de 1,65 mg/ml. Al?m disso, a atividade antiinflamat?ria mostrou que eles agem reduzindo o edema em 32,8, 42 e 56% nas doses de 30, 50 e 70 mg/kg, respectivamente. Assim, estes resultados podem indicar o poss?vel uso dos polissacar?deos de Tylopilus ballouii como antiinflamat?rio e antioxidante.
Victorino, Amanda Begatti [UNIFESP]. "Níveis de antioxidantes enzimáticos e produtos da peroxidação lipídica em líquido folicular de mulheres submetidas à estimulação ovariana controlada." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/9835.
Full textVerificar a relacao entre as concentracoes de substancias reativas ao acido tiobarbiturico, a atividade das enzimas glutationa peroxidase e catalase com a ocorrencia de gravidez, com o estimulo hormonal administrado e com a presenca ou nao de um fator de infertilidade feminino. Metodo: Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo caso controle com o liquido folicular de 146 pacientes que foram submetidas ao programa de Reproducao Assistida da UNIFESP. Como criterios de inclusao foram considerados apenas as pacientes que realizaram o protocolo de fertilizacao in vitro (FIV) atraves de injecao intracitoplasmatica de espermatozoide (ICSI). Os grupos experimentais foram subdivididos de acordo com a presenca ou nao de gestacao, com hormonio administrado durante o estimulo (FSH ou FSH e hMG) e com a presenca ou nao de pelo menos um fator de infertilidade feminina. As aliquotas dos liquidos foliculares foram coletadas apos a retirada dos oocitos e analisadas por espectrofotometro para mensurar as concentracoes de substancias reativas ao acido tiobarbiturico (TBARS) . um marcador de peroxidacao lipidica, e das enzimas catalase e glutationa peroxidase presentes em cada amostra. Um modelo de regressao logistica foi construido utilizando numero de embrioes de alta qualidade no terceiro dia de cultivo transferidos, presenca de pelo menos um fator de infertilidade feminino e a atividade da glutationa peroxidase, maximizando a preditibilidade da ocorrencia de gravidez. Resultados: No grupo de mulheres nao gravidas foi observada uma maior atividade da enzima glutationa peroxidase (p=0,04). Nos outros grupos nao foi observada diferenca estatistica entre nenhum dos parametros avaliados. Na regressao logistica, o melhor modelo preditivo para gravidez incluiu os valores de fator de infertilidade, classificacao embrionaria no terceiro dia de cultivo e a atividade de glutationa peroxidase (73,68%, p=0.00001). O valor de odds-ratio para a atividade de glutationa peroxidase foi 0,98, indicando que valores crescentes de atividade glutationa levaram a diminuicao da chance de ocorrencia de gravidez. Conclusao: Nas condicoes deste estudo, (i) mulheres com ƒÀ-hCG negativo possuem uma maior atividade da glutationa peroxidase, (ii) diferentes estimulos ovarianos nao provocam alteracao nas concentracoes de TBARS e na atividade das enzimas antioxidantes e (iii) a presenca de pelo menos um fator de infertilidade feminino nao altera a concentracao de TBARS e a atividade da enzimas antioxidantes.
Objective: to verify the relation between thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities, and occurrence of pregnancy, hormonal stimulation protocol utilized, and presence or not of a female infertility factor. Method: a prospective case-control study was carried with follicular fluid from 146 patients submitted to the Assisted Reproduction program at the Sao Paulo Federal University. Only patients submitted to in vitro fertilization (FIV) through intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) were included. The experimental groups were subdivided according to presence or absence of pregnancy, hormonal stimulation protocol used (FSH or FSH and hMG) and presence or absence of at least one female infertility factor. An aliquot of follicular fluid was collected after retrieval of the oocyte for analysis of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentrations, and glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities. All these analyses were carried out using a spectrophotometer. Groups were compared using Student’s T-test. A logistic regression model were calculated using embryo quality on day 3, presence or not of a female infertility factor, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase activities as independent variables, occurrence of pregnancy as a binary dependent variable. Results: Patients who did not achieve pregnancy presented higher glutathione peroxidase activity levels, when compared with patients who achieved pregnancy (p=0,04). In the other groups, no differences were observed. Logistic regression produced a model which best predicted pregnancy including presence of female infertility factor, embryo quality on day 3 and GPX activity (73.7% total predictive value, p=0.00001). Odds-ratio for GPX activity was 0.98, indicating that increasing values of GPX activity decreased the odds of occurrence of pregnancy. Conclusion: Based on our results, we may conclude that (i) higher GPX activity is associated to negative outcomes in ICSI cycles, (ii) different ovarian stimulation protocols does not alter concentrations of TBARS and activity of antioxidant enzymes, and (iii) the presence of at least one female infertility factor does not alter TBARS levels or antioxidant activity.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
Gonçalves, Patricia de Almeida Machado. "Ação citotóxica e antioxidante da beta lapachona em células endoteliais." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8138.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
Oxidative stress is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species that cause cell damage and even the death. It is a mechanism related to ischemia and reperfusion, a process that affects several organs and is involved in neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac and/or renal insufficiencies, hepatic dysfunction, among others. The discovery of new antioxidant substances derived from natural sources, is important for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. Beta lapachone is a substance with antioxidant action obtained from sawdust of Ipe wood, a symbolic tree from the Brazilian cerrado. This study aimed to analyze the cytotoxic and antioxidant action of beta lapachone in endothelial cells, in vitro. EA.hy 926 lineage cells were subcultured, treated with different concentrations of beta lapachone and subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. Cytotoxicity and antioxidant action were assessed through the cellular viability analysis by the tetrazolium reduction method. The averages were verified by the Tukey test (5% of significance) and by variance analysis. There was a dose-dependent progression of cytotoxicity in the non-ischemia/reperfusion (control) group and cell viability increase in the ischemia/reperfusion group. However, there was no statistical difference between the concentrations and between groups. Considering the settings of this experiment, Beta lapachone did not present cytotoxic or antioxidant action on endothelial cells.
O estresse oxidativo é o excesso de produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio que causam danos e até a morte das células. É um mecanismo que pode se originar da isquemia e reperfusão, um processo que acomete diversos órgãos e que está envolvido em doenças neurodegenerativas, cardíacas, insuficiências renais, disfunção hepática, entre outras. A necessidade da descoberta de novas substâncias antioxidantes, derivadas de fontes naturais, é importante para a prevenção e tratamento dessas doenças. A beta lapachona é uma substância com ação antioxidante, obtida da serragem da madeira do ipê, vegetação símbolo do cerrado brasileiro. Neste estudo objetivou-se analisar a ação citotóxica e antioxidante da beta lapachona em células endoteliais, in vitro. Células da linhagem EA.hy 926 foram subcultivadas, tratadas com a β lapachona em diferentes concentrações e submetidas à isquemia e reperfusão. A citotoxidade e a ação antioxidante foram obtidas por meio da análise da viabilidade celular pelo método de redução do tetrazólio. As médias foram averiguadas pelo teste de Tukey (5% de significância) e pela análise de variância. Houve progressão dose dependente da citotoxidade no grupo sem isquemia/reperfusão e da viabilidade celular no grupo com isquemia/reperfusão. No entanto, não houve diferença estatística entre as concentrações e entre os grupos. A beta lapachona, nas condições desse experimento, não apresentou ação citotóxica ou antioxidante nas células endoteliais.