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Journal articles on the topic 'Freedom Analysis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Ibrahim Hasanli, Farida. "LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE PRINCIPLE OF THE FREEDOM OF THE HIGH SEAS." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (April 23, 2021): 405–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/405-407.

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The high sea is the part of the world's oceans that does not fall under the jurisdiction of any state and is open to the use of all states.As can be seen from the definition, the seabed and ocean floor are not included in the concept of open sea due to their special legal status.No state can subjugate any part of the high seas to its sovereignty.The high seas are free for both coastal states and landlocked states. The legal regime of the high seas includes the following freedoms: 1) freedom of navigation; 2) freedom of flight; 3) freedom of fishing; 4) freedom of laying submarine cables and pipelines; 5) freedom of scientific research; 6) Freedom to create artificial islands and facilities. These freedoms must be exercised taking into account the requirements of international law and the interests of other states. Key words: high seas, flag state, military ships,international acts, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, navigation, overflight, fishing, cables and pipelines

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2

Jackson, Ross A., and Brian L. Heath. "Freedom Delimited: An Analysis of Humanist Manifestos." International Journal of Languages, Literature and Linguistics 9, no. 2 (April 2023): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijlll.2023.9.2.390.

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Freedom is ambiguous and elusive. Context is useful for delimiting this ideal, though the notion of delimited freedom is itself paradoxical. Humanism, with its emphasis on humans as the basis of inquiry and understanding, places significance on self-defined pursuits of meaning and happiness. Freedom is essential to that endeavor. Given the centrality of freedom to humanist philosophy, an analysis of a strategic subset of their major writings and manifestos holds potential for unlocking insights about freedom. An author-created, corpus of humanist manifestos was collected, comprised of twelve texts from three organizations. Specifically, the corpus contains documents from the following organizations: the American Humanist Association (n = 3), Humanists International (n = 7), and the Center for Inquiry (n = 2), with publications ranging from the year 1933 to 2022. Frequency analyses of words of merit provided context for the centrality of freedom in humanist literature. The term freedom was analyzed in terms of time, organization, and functional form to determine the degree of consistency in usage. These insights make explicit what was ambiguous and provide a foundation from which individuals and organizations can articulate and pursue the type of humanist freedom defined in their literature.

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3

Bezborodov, Yu S. "LEGAL-THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF FREEDOM OF SPEECH IN THE UNIVERSAL AND REGIONAL DIMENSION: THE EDGE OF REASON." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 31, no. 4 (August 12, 2021): 721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2021-31-4-721-728.

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In the theory of law, freedom of speech, which has a long history of formation, continuing even now - with the crystallization of this freedom by international institutions, remains the most important and necessary element of the functioning of civil society and the building of the rule of law. In the legal plane, being initially enshrined at the international level - universal and regional - this freedom faces serious obstacles to its realization and protection at the national level, where it collides with other rights and freedoms, including freedom of religion, as well as with the interests of society and the state which are often difficult to establish. One of the fundamental issues related to the realization of freedom of speech is the question of the absoluteness and limitations of this freedom. Restrictions on freedom of speech, established normatively and developed by practice at the universal and European regional international legal level, are associated with considerations of morality, social interests and values, necessity and security. These approaches developed at different levels of regulation are mutually consistent and complement each other, building a paradigm that is much needed by general international law in a uniform understanding of human rights and freedoms. Despite the established restrictions, in practice, contradictions and misunderstandings continue to arise related to the implementation of freedom of speech at the national level. This work attempts to correlate freedom of speech with restrictions on this freedom by states bound by security interests, morality and ethics. The article proposes an effective way to solve the problem of limiting freedom of speech and delimiting it from other freedoms: increasing the responsibility of states for violating human rights and freedoms by changing its form, and strengthening the jurisdiction of already existing international bodies for the protection of human rights, especially conventions.

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Костић, Немања. "Хришћанска слобода и модерна слобода: две антропологије." Theological Views – Religious and Scientific Journal / Теолошки погледи – версконаучни часопис LIV, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 465–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.46825/tv/2021-3-465-482.

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The paper presents the analysis of Christian and modern ideas of freedom. The first part denotes fundamental elements of the Christian idea of freedom as it can be found in the theology of Saint Apostle Paul, notably the idea of liberation from sin, and Paul’s views on how to live this freedom. In the second part, we have the analysis of the key aspects of modernity, such as rationalism, autonomy, and the notion of human rights, and how these ideas influenced the formulation of the modern idea of freedom. In the third part, the Christian and the modern ideas of freedom are analyzed in the light of their fundamental anthropological bases.

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5

Steuer, Max. "A Subordinate Issue? An Analysis of Parliamentary Discourse on Freedom." Politologický časopis - Czech Journal of Political Science 22, no. 1 (2015): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/pc2015-1-55.

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6

Oloyede, I. Bayo. "Press Freedom: A Conceptual Analysis." Journal of Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (September 2005): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2005.11892501.

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7

Kislowicz, Howard, Richard Haigh, and Adrienne Ng. "Calculations of Conscience: The Costs and Benefits of Religious and Conscientious Freedom." Alberta Law Review 48, no. 3 (March 1, 2011): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/alr147.

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This article examines the Supreme Court of Canada’s cost-benefit analysis of freedom of conscience and religion guaranteed by s. 2(a) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms in Alberta v. Hutterian Brethren of Wilson Colony. The article finds that while the Supreme Court’s reasoning was ultimately flawed, its use of cost-benefit analysis may be a positive development in the freedom of religion framework. The article also looks at the Court’s treatment of the freedom of conscience guarantee in relation to freedom of religion. The article suggests that this treatment may foreshadow a more uniform approach to the broader freedom of conscience and religion than was provided for in previous decisions.

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8

Sitarz, Olga, and Anna Jaworska-Wieloch. "Legitimacy of the limitation on freedom of religion during imprisonment (in the light of polish and international regulations)." Law Journal of New Bulgarian University 17, `1 (July 26, 2022): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/ljnbu.21.1.1.

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This article is devoted to consider the legitimacy of restrictions on religious freedom during imprisonment, taking into account the nature of the sentence, the importance of religion in human life and in the life of the convict, as well as international and national regulations. The subject of the analysis is the Polish legal system, starting with the Constitution, which guarantees freedom of conscience and religion to everyone, and in particular Polish executive law, which declares respect for religious freedom in prison. It does not mean the guaranteeing unlimited access to religious practices and services, because imprisonment limits many human freedoms, also in such a sensitive area as religious freedom. In the course of the analysis, we considered the legitimacy of restrictions provided by criminal law, taking into account international standards for the protection of human rights and Polish regulations, which guarantee human rights and freedoms.

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9

MOURAD, Mahmoud. "Management Governance Analysis in the Arab World: MANOVA Approach." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 8, no. 4 (October 12, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v8i4.13766.

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This paper studies 17 Arab States, human development index (HDI), and 11 time series which represent the basic indicators of governance. These variables are freedom of trade, freedom of property, freedom of economy, freedom of finance, freedom of corruption, freedom of fiscal, freedom of money, freedom of enterprise, freedom of investment, freedom of work, and freedom of government spending. A multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA) was used to test whether a differential effect exists between the Arab countries, by first focusing on the types of regimes (monarchical or republican), and second on the group of Arab countries belonging to the GCC and the rest of Arab states. Our statistical results indicate a differential effect by the type of political system on the following governance variables: corruption, freedom of trade, freedom of economy and freedom of property. Statistically speaking, in republican regimes, low values associated with the degree of freedom of corruption show that corruption is high and that it severely limits the freedom of individuals. Similarly, freedom of trade and freedom of economy in these regimes have more legislative or regulatory limitations, and little economic freedom compared to monarchies. Finally, concerning the degree of freedom of property, there are more expropriations and a higher level of corruption in the process of buying and selling goods. The inspection of the MANOVA results clearly indicates that the GCC countries are distinguished from other Arab countries based on six governance variables and the HDI indicator. Indeed, in the Arab countries of the GCC, we identify weaker corruption levels, a freedom of trade with less legislative or regulatory limits, a greater economic freedom, a fiscal freedom close to 100 (this means that the burden of paying taxes is lower and consequently individuals and companies have little tax liability), a fluctuated controlled monetary freedom, the human development index (HDI) is significantly higher, and finally a freedom of property with less expropriations and a lower level of corruption in the sale or purchase of goods. The high values of the HDI indicator in the GCC countries are partly explained by the indicator of gross domestic product per capita (IGDP) which is very high in those countries.

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Wiczanowska, Hanna. "Oddziaływanie doktryny marginesu uznania na rozstrzyganie konfliktu pomiędzy wolnością wypowiedzi a wolnością sumienia i wyznania w praktyce orzeczniczej Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka." Przegląd Europejski, no. 2-2020 (June 8, 2020): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.2.20.6.

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The aim of the paper hereto is to conduct analysis regarding the influence of the margin of appreciation doctrine on the solution of the collision between the freedom of expression and the freedom of religion within the Strasbourg system of human rights protection. The main research question focuses on the issue whether the margin of discretion equally affects both considered freedoms and how it impacts their conflict. The paper will rely on dogmatic analysis of the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights and selected judgments of the European Court of Human Rights in relation to the collision of the aforesaid freedoms. In this article, the author will also implement the historic method. The main thesis of the article is the primacy of the freedom of religion which causes illegitimate limitation of the freedom of expression due to lack of uniform European consensus regarding the qualification of the blasphemous speeches which constitutes a threat for legal certainty.

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11

Sagatovsky, V. N. "Freedom and responsibility levels: systems analysis." Bulletin of Siberian Medicine 5, no. 5 (December 30, 2006): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2006-5-79-81.

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There are three essential freedom interpretations. They are represented as complementary levels of integral freedom compre- hension. The first level is represented with the outer trends of existence and civil responsibility perception. This level objectifies the art implementation of the free choice. Human freedom as the choice and responsibility for it is carried out at the second backbone level — the level of freedom and responsibility as an entire phenomenon. The third top level is forming with a presence of the Spirit in human choice tendency and creativity, who accepts the responsibility before the entity spiritual reasons. Human soul mission, sacring by the Spirit presence, is free and liable the man, the word, the objective and subjective actuality advancing. Though this fundamental choice between Good and evil only by man himself could be made.

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12

Hidayati, Nani. "APPRAISAL ANALYSIS IN FREEDOM WRITERS MOVIE." EduLite: Journal of English Education, Literature and Culture 2, no. 1 (February 13, 2017): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/e.2.1.317-333.

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This study attempts to find out conveyed messages in the movie from the realization of the appraisal and narrative structure as well as to describe the use of the Appraisal System to express LaGravenese's (a) Attitudes, (b)Engagement & (c) Graduation towards the main characters in Freedom Writers movie screenplay. Using both quantitative and qualitative descriptive approach for discourse appraisal system analysis, the result of this study reveals several messages of tolerance, earning respect and trust, honor diversity, and striving for success and trust from the realization of Appraisal and Narrative Structure either in the dialogues or monologues of Freedom Writers� characters. The result from the Appraisal Devices realizing (a) Attitudes reveals that LaGravenese likes to express characters� negative emotion explicitly than implicitly. He likes to express characters� negative capability than other kinds of Judgments. He appreciates the characters using more Negative Value which denotes that in his opinion, they see each other negatively. (b)Engagement used in the screenplay describes that he emphasizes more on characters� denial towards each other�s opinion and existence with the use of more Disclaim Heterogloss in the screenplay. (c)Graduation used in the screenplay describes that the use of more Sharpening Focus indicates he emphasizes on characters� category boundary more than scaling of intensity.Keywords: Appraisal Devices, Attitude, Engagement, and Graduation.

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13

McDermott, John M. "The Neo-Scholastic Analysis of Freedom." International Philosophical Quarterly 34, no. 2 (1994): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ipq19943426.

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Seleoane, M. "Freedom of expression: a comparative analysis." Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies 23, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 232–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/ajs.23.2.232.

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15

Stoiński, Andrzej. "An Analysis of the Equal Freedom." Studia Humana 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sh-2017-0018.

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AbstractThe article concerns selected problems related to the postulates of equalizing the level of positive liberty. The classic understanding of individual freedom, called as negative (freedom from), identified with alack of compulsion, can be in opposition to the so-called positive liberty (freedom to). The last notion is generally defined by anability, which brings its relation with a concept of power. The postulate of equality in “freedom to” can be justification for conducting a social redistribution of goods. The cases of voluntary and compulsory donation are considered in the text, whose aim is to visualize consequences resulting from a compulsory expansion of the scope of positive liberty.

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Seleoane, Mandla. "Freedom of expression: a comparative analysis." Ecquid Novi: African Journalism Studies 23, no. 2 (January 2002): 232–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02560054.2002.9653249.

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17

Gołaś, Jakub. "Military Unionism from the Perspective of International Law: Between National Security and Freedom of Association." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 38, Issue 3 (September 1, 2022): 299–330. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2022014.

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This article conducts a critical analysis of the issue of the access of military personnel to the legal guarantees of the freedom to associate in trade unions from the perspective of international legal standards. Despite the consistently freedom-oriented evolution of international standards which have become applicable to union freedoms in recent decades, many states still uphold sweeping statutory bans on the unionization of military personnel. The potential engagement of members of the armed forces in any union activity is a contentious issue suspended between the requirement to protect the very essence of the freedom of association (FoA), the practices and traditions established in many states, and the need to maintain the effective security of the state against external threats. The analysis considers the evolution of perspectives presented by competent international supervisory and interpretative bodies which have substantially revised their views in recent years on the extent of necessary legal guarantees and acceptable restrictions on freedom of association with respect to military personnel. The analysis leads to the conclusion that a complete and absolute statutory ban on the unionization of military personnel may be incompatible with current international standards. The absolute requirement to respect the fundamental essence of freedom of association as an unquestionable and universal standard of human rights means that national legislators should guarantee military personnel at least the minimum level of freedom to associate in trade unions. Military Unionism, Freedom of Association, National Security, International Law, Human Rights, Members Of Armed Forces, Trade Union Freedoms, International law

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18

Rezmer-Płotka, Kamila. "Restricting the Press and the Neo-Militant Democracy: A Comparative Analysis of Ireland and Great Britain." Athenaeum Polskie Studia Politologiczne 75, no. 3 (2022): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/athena.2022.75.11.

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The freedom of the press is one of the basic guarantees of a democratic state and, at the same time, a guarantee of political rights. After 2008, when the great financial crisis occurred, the Member States of the European Union began to significantly limit the rights and freedoms of citizens, including freedom of the press. The introduced restrictions are characteristic of a neo-militant democracy. However, they sometimes become a tool in the hands of antidemocrats. The aim of the article is to check how and why over the years, between successive crises, i.e., financial crisis, the so-called refugee crisis, the coronavirus pandemic, freedom of the press was restricted in Ireland and Great Britain. These are the countries in which initially the political and social effects of the economic crisis were not felt, but later rapid regression was observed. By using content analysis based on reports from the Reporters without Borders and Freedom House organizations, the study uncovers how and why the restrictions of freedom of the press changed. It locates the political structures of Ireland and Great Britain between the ideal types of neo- and quasi-militant democracy, depending on the goal of the restrictions. The research hypothesis is as follows: The restriction of freedom of the press in Ireland and the United Kingdom after 2008 shows that states are using the media system to pursue their particular interests by introducing solutions characteristic of quasi-militant democracies.

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Katz, M., and A. Suciu. "Systolic freedom of loop space." Geometric and Functional Analysis 11, no. 1 (April 2001): 60–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00001672.

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RAVOCHKIN, Nikita. "Philosophical-Linguistic Analysis of the Idea of Freedom." WISDOM 24, no. 4 (December 25, 2022): 122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v24i4.708.

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In recent decades, ideal factors have become an independent force for the implementation of social transformations. At the same time, the question remains debatable, what caused the change in the original meanings and, as a result, the unequal implementation of social ideas in practice. The methodology of linguistic analysis is considered. The importance of considering contextual realities for a more valid understanding of the transformation of the content of social ideas is determined. Changes in the meanings of the idea of freedom are analyzed. It is revealed which maxims were the cornerstones of English, American, French and Russian theorists. It is shown how the aspirations of actors can limit the implementation of freedoms in practice, depending on general social needs.

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Przedańska, Justyna. "The faces of freedom in the concepts of a liberal and non-liberal state." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 43, no. 1 (November 17, 2021): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.43.1.10.

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The last decade has exposed the recession of freedom throughout the world. It arises from the latest Freedom in the World 2020 report that civil liberties and political rights have deteriorated in 64 countries, while only 37 have seen a slight improvement in these areas. The principles of liberal democracy (the rule of law, free elections, minority rights and freedom of expression) in Europe, historically the best-performing region in terms of freedom in the world, have come under serious pressure in recent years. In the article, starting from an analysis of the categories of freedom presented in many aspects, followed by a discussion of the assumptions and concepts of liberalism, as well as the political project referred to as non-liberal democracy, which has grown out of their criticism, the author identiﬁes the problem of instrumentalization and relativization of freedom, which leads to the restriction of freedom of speech, freedom of minorities, religious freedom and sexual freedom, replacing the individual freedoms of the citizens with the so-called collective freedom.

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Kubas, Ewa. "Constitutional freedom of assembly and its limitations." Polityka i Społeczeństwo 20, no. 4 (2022): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/polispol.2022.4.11.

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In this publication, the author analyzes the article 57 of the Polish Constitution, which concerns the freedom of assembly and the provisions limiting this freedom. Considerations on the presented topic allow for the conclusion that the freedom of assembly plays an extremely important role in the functioning of a democratic state of law and allows the society to participate in the public debate on many important issues. The analysis shows that this freedom is not, however, absolute and the existing restrictions are necessary for the state and its individual institutions to function efficiently and for the possibility of using other rights and freedoms guaranteed in Poland.

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Pidcoke, Heather F., James K. Aden, Alejandra G. Mora, Matthew A. Borgman, Philip C. Spinella, Michael A. Dubick, Lorne H. Blackbourne, and Andrew P. Cap. "Ten-year analysis of transfusion in Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom." Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 73 (December 2012): S445—S452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ta.0b013e3182754796.

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Zhang, Ziwei, and Guoying Meng. "Design and analysis of a six degrees of freedom serial–parallel robotic mechanism with multi-degree of freedom legs." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 15, no. 6 (November 1, 2018): 172988141881264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881418812643.

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A novel mobile serial–parallel mechanism with legs for in-pipe use is proposed. The mobile robotic mechanism is composed of two identical three-universal joint–prismatic joint–universal joint parallel mechanisms connected in series and two gripping modules. The proposed parallel mechanism has two rotational freedoms and one translational freedom. In addition, the parallel mechanism can achieve continuous and equivalent rotation. The singularities of the parallel mechanism are analyzed. The overall serial–parallel mechanism has six degrees of freedom, and each gripping module has four degrees of freedom. Each parallel mechanism in the waist module is driven by three servo-electric cylinders and each leg mechanism in the gripping modules is controlled by a linear actuator. The robotic mechanism can perform peristaltic movement and turning in space. The robotic mechanism possesses a simple structure and high flexibility, along with the merits of serial–parallel mechanism. In this article, analytic models for the kinematics and dynamics of the robotic mechanism are derived. Additionally, numerical examples are given, and their solutions are validated based on results obtained by SimMechanics and Adams.

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Ivanova, Xenia A., and Alexander A. Stepanov. "Restrictions of the freedom of speech in France in the digital technologies era." Law Enforcement Review 3, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/2542-1514.2019.3(1).15-23.

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The subject. The article reveals an understanding of the freedom of speech in French law The purpose of the article is to identify the contents of freedom of speech in the French law and to determine the boundaries of its implementation in the Internet as well as to confirm or refute the hypothesis that both the freedom of speech and the definition of the boundaries of that freedom meets the purposes of protection of human rights. The description of methodology. General scientific methods ‐ analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, comparison ‐ were used. The authors also use the formal legal interpretation of French judicial decisions and content‐analysis of press.The main results and scope of their application. Freedom of speech is one of the foundations of French society, but it has become necessary to revise a number of rules governing freedom of speech and imposing restrictions due to widespread using of Internet in people’s life. So exceptions from freedom of speech are embedded in national legislation, despite the fact that the basis for the legal regulation of freedom of the media in a democratic society is to ensure non‐interference of the state in the content of production and dissemination of information. In some countries exceptions to freedom of speech are expressed primarily in the form of rules aimed at preventing abuses of freedom of the mass media and serving as a basis for sanctions against media editorial boards. The authors also cite actual examples of the realization of the freedom of speech in France, and draw conclusions about the possibilities for the development of this right. The proposed analysis may be used as a basis for improvement national legislation concerning limitations of freedom of speech.Conclusions. Freedom of speech and freedom of the media are not absolute in France. In order to fulfil its function of protecting and guaranteeing rights and freedoms, the state must pay equal attention both to ensuring freedom of speech (including the independence of the press, access to information) and to defining the limits of this freedom in order to prevent its unlawful abuse. Any freedom turns into chaos without proper boundaries.

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Hughes, Thomas J. R., Arif Masud, and Isaac Harari. "Dynamic analysis and drilling degrees of freedom." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38, no. 19 (October 15, 1995): 3193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620381902.

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Biłgorajski, Artur. "Ograniczenia wolności wypowiedzi z uwagi na przesłankę „ochrony zdrowia”. Kilka uwag inspirowanych pandemią SARS-CoV-2 w Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej." Przegląd Prawa Konstytucyjnego 67, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppk.2022.03.04.

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There is no question that “health protection” is the premise for the establishment of constitutional restrictions on rights and freedoms. It has been so far the subject of legal science only exceptionally and occasionally; mainly in the context of restrictions on the freedom of economic activity. It was only the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the Republic of Poland that brought a wider interest in this category, referring it also to the limitations of another fundamental freedom – freedom of expression. Considering the above, the analysis of legal limitations on the freedom of expression, imposed on the basis of the premise of health protection, seems to be by all means justified and purposeful.

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Angus, LJ, H. Bowen, LAS Gill, TG Knowles, and A. Butterworth. "The use of conjoint analysis to determine the importance of factors that affect on-farm welfare of the dairy cow." Animal Welfare 14, no. 3 (August 2005): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600029365.

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AbstractA large range of variables can affect the welfare of the dairy cow, making it difficult to assess the overall ‘level of welfare’ of the individual animal. Two groups of individuals completed a questionnaire based upon the ‘five freedoms’: 26 respondents had expertise either in the field of dairy cow welfare or as practicing veterinary surgeons, and 30 were veterinary students in their penultimate year of study. Conjoint analysis was used to calculate the average importance scores (AIS) for 34 variables presented to the respondents as 52 ‘model cows’ in the form of grouped questions, phrases and pictures. Conjoint analysis identified the most important factors for each ‘freedom’: access to forage, body condition score, foot conformation, hock lesions, and the encouragement required for a dairy cow to walk into the parlour. There was a significant difference between the expert and student groups for seven out of 34 factors, which may be attributed to individual variation of opinion, knowledge, experience and expectation. The factors were ranked within each ‘freedom’ using the experts' AIS but it was not assumed that each freedom had equal ‘weight’; therefore, the factors within each freedom were compared only with factors within the same freedom. These scores produced a weighting scale, which was applied on-farm, in a preliminary exercise comparing ‘model’ and ‘perceived’ welfare scores.

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Yadav, J. N., C. R. Pratap, and V. P. Agrawal. "Freedom Analysis of Planar Kinematic Chains Using the Concept of Distance." Journal of Mechanical Design 118, no. 3 (September 1, 1996): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2826894.

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A computer-aided method, based on the concept of distance, has been developed for identifying planar kinematic chains with fractionated freedom. Algorithms have also been developed for detecting the presence of any k-bar independent loop, and any f-degree-of-freedom sub-chain in a multi-degree-of-freedom planar kinematic chain, leading to the characterization of partial freedom of two- and three-degree-of-freedom kinematic chains.

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Ott, Paul. "Ecological Freedom." Environmental Philosophy 16, no. 2 (2019): 245–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/envirophil2019101487.

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This article develops the idea of ‘ecological freedom’ from Aldo Leopold’s account of ecological relations in terms of the dual notions of the “freedom from want and fear” and the “freedom to make mistakes.” Through an analysis of Leopold’s thought on technology and civilization, I develop and argue for the claim that direct experience of ecological relations, or ecological freedom, is vital to meaningful human life. The absence of ecological freedom constitutes a form of ecological alienation, which is paired with social alienation. Ecological freedom is then used as a way to understand environmental injustice and critique contemporary environmentalism.

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Corekcioglu, Selim. "Economic Freedom and FDI: Co-Integration Analysis." Research Papers in Economics and Finance 4, no. 3 (2020): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18559/ref.2020.3.4.

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OBIEDKOV, OLEKSANDR. "RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PHILOSOPHICAL CATEGORY “FREEDOM”." HUMANITIES STUDIES, no. 11 (2022): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/hst-2022-11-88-06.

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Dadhich, Naresh. "Freedom in Contemporary Political Theory: An Analysis." Political Discourse 5, no. 2 (2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2582-2691.2019.00001.4.

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Kittle, Simon. "Freedom of the Will: A Conditional Analysis." Disputatio 5, no. 37 (November 1, 2013): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/disp-2013-0030.

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Bourgault, Louise M. "Press Freedom in Africa: A Cultural Analysis." Journal of Communication Inquiry 17, no. 2 (July 1993): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019685999301700206.

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Kettell, Steven. "State Religion and Freedom: A Comparative Analysis." Politics and Religion 6, no. 3 (February 27, 2013): 538–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048312000600.

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AbstractState religions form one of the main features of the international political landscape, but scholarly research into their dynamics and effects remains limited. This article aims to address this deficiency through a comparative examination of state religions and levels of political and religious freedom. The findings show that countries with a state religion have substantially lower levels of freedom across a range of measurements than countries with no state religion. The absence of any clear correlation to levels of human development, religious diversity and religiosity indicates a key causal role for the institutional mechanics of state religion itself.

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Soltanov, Ilham. "SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CATEGORY “FREEDOM”." Visnyk of the Lviv University, no. 24 (2019): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/2307-1664.2019.24.14.

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Vann Woodward, C. "Academic freedom: An analysis of two breaches." Academic Questions 10, no. 4 (December 1997): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12129-997-1128-7.

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Ponton, Jack W. "Degrees of freedom analysis in process control." Chemical Engineering Science 49, no. 13 (July 1994): 2089–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(94)e0033-m.

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Teague, Megan V., Virgil Henry Storr, and Rosemarie Fike. "Economic freedom and materialism: an empirical analysis." Constitutional Political Economy 31, no. 1 (January 6, 2020): 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10602-019-09296-0.

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Idrisov, H. V. "Freedom of thought, speech and expression: some problems of formulation and determining boundaries in relation to the impact of a religious factor." Law Enforcement Review 6, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52468/2542-1514.2022.6(1).33-49.

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The subject of study. The article examines certain aspects to realize freedom of thought and expression, as well as the acceptable limits. Freedom of thought, speech and expression issues are considered separately in the context of the religious component, its characteristics in the Islamic religion. The provisions of the main sources in the Muslim system of law – the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet and Messenger of Muhammad (May Allah bless him) have been studied in sufficient details. The legal analysis on the issues under consideration was carried out based on doctrinal opinions, the current Russian and international legal acts, judicial practice, including the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. The article describes extremism through the prism of freedom of thought, speech and expression. It is noted that extremist activity is one of the consequences of misinterpretation, true awareness and perception of freedom of thought, speech and expression.The purpose of the study. The main purpose of the study is to clarify the origins of conflicts in the process of realizing freedom of thought, speech and expression, and substantiate the hypothesis that freedom of thought, speech and expression should have certain boundaries, especially in context of the influence of the religious factor.The methodology of the study. The study is based on a dialectical approach to the disclosure of legal phenomena and processes using general scientific methods (systemic method, logical method, method of analysis and synthesis) and special scientific methods. Among the latter there are formal legal method, linguistic method, comparative legal method, which have found their application in the legal analysis to realize freedom of thought, speech and expression.Conclusions. As a result, it is emphasized that freedom of thought, speech and expression is the achievement of modern mankind, one of the foundations of a democratic system and an element of civil society. The state-guaranteed opportunity for individuals to exercise these freedoms in society is a guarantee of a "healthy" society in the legal sense. However, as practice shows, unlimited freedom leads to its abuse, thereby infringing on the freedoms of other individuals and therefore, freedom of speech and its expression presupposes the existence of boundaries outlined by the state in the interests of society. The specifics of freedom of thought, speech and expression in the Muslim system of law based on the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet (May Allah bless him), is that this freedom ends where the border line begins, designated by the law of the Most High.

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Bolen, J. Brandon. "The dynamic properties of institutional reform: an analysis of US states." Journal of Institutional Economics 15, no. 3 (November 15, 2018): 539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137418000449.

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AbstractDecades of research show that economic freedom is highly correlated with desirable economic outcomes both internationally and locally. Yet we still know little about the transition from low to high levels of economic freedom, particularly for institutions under local control. This research shows that while economic freedom in the United States is decreasing with regard to institutions under national control, it is increasing with regard to institutions under state and local control. Economic freedom increases gradually among the states, driven primarily by increasing labor market freedom. Decreases in economic freedom, on the other hand, occur sharply, often following stark changes to state fiscal policies.

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Mirzakhmedov, Abdirashid, Khurshid Mirzakhmedov, Sharif Aminov, and Gulnoza Tashbaeva. "On the issue of freedom of conscience." E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 08002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338908002.

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This article examines the problem of the legal relationship of the state to religion, religious organizations and believers on the basis of the theoretical results of domestic and foreign scientific research. An analysis of the formation and development of modern materials on the problem of freedom of conscience and religious organizations in the sociolegal literature is presented. Protestantism laid the foundation for the idea of freedom of conscience, i.e., the religious freedom of the individual in the context of human rights. Avtorami suggests an interpretation of the definition of “conscience” and “freedom of conscience” through the prism of religion as the right of believers and analyses the current Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the CIS “On freedom of conscience and religious organizations” in the context of state-religious organization relations. Conscience as an ethical category has a purely personal character, expressing the inner spiritual and psychological "I", a sovereign spiritual phenomenon from the political and legal spheres of civil relations. The authors identify the problematic points in the regulation of relations between the rights and freedoms of believers to religion and associations in the legal acts of the country.

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Erduran, Emrah. "Hysteretic Energy Demands in Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Systems Subjected to Earthquakes." Buildings 10, no. 12 (November 28, 2020): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10120220.

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Reliable estimation of energy demands imposed on a structure by a design ground motion is a key component of energy-based design. Although several studies have been conducted to quantify the energy demands in single-degree-of-freedoms systems, few have focused on multi-degree-of-freedom systems. This study aims to build on the knowledge from previous studies on multi-degree-of-freedom systems with special focus on the distribution of hysteretic energy demands among the components of the structure. Nonlinear response history analyses conducted under ground motion sets representing three different hazard levels show that the total input and hysteretic energy demands of multi-degree-of-freedom systems can be accurately estimated from equivalent single-degree-of-freedom systems for low- and medium-rise buildings. The distribution of hysteretic energy demands over the height of the multistory structures has been shown to vary significantly from ground motion to ground motion. Analyses results also show that the relative strength of adjoining beams and columns has a significant influence on the hysteretic energy demand distribution. On the other hand, the energy distribution is relatively insensitive to the damping model used in the analysis of the multi-degree-of-freedom system.

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Tuo, Jiying, Zhaoxiang Deng, Wei Huang, and Heshan Zhang. "A six degree of freedom passive vibration isolator with quasi-zero-stiffness-based supporting." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 37, no. 2 (February 13, 2018): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461348418756020.

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A six degree of freedom nonlinear passive vibration isolator is proposed based on Stewart platform configuration with the quasi-zero-stiffness structure as its legs. Due to the high static stiffness and low dynamic stiffness of each leg, the proposed six degree of freedom system can realize very good vibration isolation performance in all six directions while keeping high static load-bearing capacity in a pure passive manner. The mechanic model of the proposed six degree of freedom isolator and the dynamic equation of the isolator are established successively. Theoretical analysis on cross coupling stiffness reveals that the system can demonstrate quasi-zero-stiffness property in all six degree of freedom. Moreover, an analysis on stability shows that the condition of structural parameters for the isolator to realize quasi-zero-stiffness is also the stability boundary of the system. A series of numerical simulations on displacement transmissibilities in coupled degree of freedoms, the coupling effects of transmissibility, and a dynamic response in random excitation are carried out to show the effectiveness of the proposed six degree of freedom isolator, as well as the influence of structural parameters on vibration attenuation performance. Considering its high performance in a simple passive manner, it can be foreseen that the proposed six degree of freedom isolator will be applied in various engineering practices with multi-degree of freedom vibration isolation.

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Kagochi, John, Nii O. Tackie, and Henry Thompson. "An Analysis of the Impacts of Freedoms on Economic Growth." Journal of African Development 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.9.1.0013.

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This paper examines the relationship between democracy and economic growth in Nigeria. We find no sizeable variations in economic growth as a result of changes in economic freedom. Political freedom, however, enhances economic growth. The results also suggest that while increases in capital investments have had positive effects on Nigeria's economic growth, increases in crude oil prices have not had similar effects. The study concludes that political freedom explains economic growth in Nigeria, but economic freedom does not.

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Septyana, Risa, and Tantra Sakre. "The Painting "Jamuan Kerinduan" by Nurali, a Regional Artist Who also Enlivens Contemporary Art in Indonesia." IMAGIONARY 1, no. 1 (October 31, 2022): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.51353/jim.v1i1.677.

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This writing is motivated by the art world today, that contemporary art is an art movement that gives freedom to art connoisseurs and art creators in creating works and assessing beautiful art. Independence which gives freedom to work, both in terms of: concept of work, ideas, visual/visual forms, techniques, character of visual language, freedom of expression, and other freedoms. The purpose of this paper is to find out the results of the analysis of visual forms in contemporary paintings. Where the discussion is focused on the artist Nurali and examines one of his paintings entitled "Jamuan Kerinduan". The results obtained in writing are to examine the visual analysis of the painting using art science and the principles of contemporary art. The conclusion is the result of an analysis by using art science on the principles of contemporary art, the painting "Jamuan Kerinduan" by Nurali and that work, entered into contemporary art which has the freedom to work, both freedom in images/visuals, techniques, concept and so on. Has distinctive features and characteristics according to the concept of its creator. The depiction of marginal creatures/figures, the hallmark of Nurali's depiction is the depiction of humans, which becomes the concept of the work that comes from an understanding of the surrounding environment.

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Mohsen, Majed Abdel Amir, and Hamid Kazem Mutab. "Analysis Of The Relationship Between Academic Freedom And Organizational Loyalty." Iraqi Administrative Sciences Journal 2, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 157–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33013/iqasj.v2n4y2018.pp176-212.

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The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between academic freedom and organizational loyalty, as recognized by faculty members in the Faculty of Management and Economics, Al Qudsiyah University. And to test the significance of differences regarding the exercise of academic freedom by scientific title and gender. A questionnaire was designed for this purpose, which included two axes: academic freedom and organizational loyalty. It included (45) paragraphs to measure the exercise of academic freedom and the organizational loyalty of the college teachers and the relation between the two variables. The study found that there is a relationship between academic freedom and organizational loyalty in general. It also emerged that there is an acceptable level of academic freedom and good organizational loyalty to teaching the college, although there was no significant statistical relationship between some variables of academic freedom and organizational loyalty. Some proposals were presented, including the involvement of teachers in the selection of administrative leaders in the college, providing financial support for scientific research, participation in foreign scientific conferences and their participation in the decisions of appointing new teachers in the scientific department

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Jabłoński, Mariusz. "Ograniczenie konstytucyjnych wolności i praw osobistych w czasie trwania stanów nadzwyczajnych." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 106 (December 13, 2016): 173–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.106.16.

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LIMITATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL FREEDOMS AND PERSONAL RIGHTS DURING EXTRAORDINARY MEASURESThe fundamental issue raised in this elaboration comes down to an attempt at identifying the character and content of constitutional guarantees of freedom and individual rights during extraordinary measures martial law, state of emergency and natural disaster. Three essentials in immanent connection are raised in this respect: constitutional conception of freedom and personal rights, principles and values legalizing the limitations in constitutional guarantees of freedom and individual rights and particular constitutional guarantees excluding the ability of constricting some specific liberties and rights during extraordinary measures. The intention of this analysis is to establish whether the existing solutions at the level of RP Constitution arrangements indeed ensure the system not being edited in terms of the particular category of freedom and individual rights in Polish legal order.

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Prodyvus, S. "Lawful resctriction of the right to freedom of movement: international legal standards and practice of the European court of human rights." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 78 (August 31, 2023): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.78.2.59.

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The article is devoted to the analysis of currentissues of restriction of the right to freedom of movement. The right to freedom of movement is one of the fundamental human rights in a democratic society and, accordingly, an integral part of the international human rights protection mechanism. At the same time, the right to freedom of movement is not absolute and is accompanied by certain restrictions necessary to ensure the realization of the rights, freedoms and interests of other people, the interests of the state and society. The author analyzed the provisions of international legal acts that enshrine the right to freedom of movement, in particular, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), the American Convention on Human Rights (1969), the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights (1981), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965) and Protocol No. 4 to the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. The guarantees provided for in the above-mentioned acts and permissible cases of restriction of the right to freedom of movement were analyzed, as well as the criteria for compliance with which such a restriction would be considered legitimate were identified: legality; existence of a goal; necessity. The author has researched the approaches of the UN Human Rights Committee and the European Court of Human Rights to the understanding and interpretation of the mentioned criteria. Based on the analysis of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights on issues of verification of the legality of restrictions on the right to freedom of movement, it is substantiated that interference with the right to freedom of movement will be admissible if it is carried out only on the basis of the law, necessary in a democratic society with a legitimate aim (to protect state security , public order, health or morality of the population or the rights and freedoms of other persons, etc.), the interpretation of each of these requirements by the European Court of Human Rights is given, conclusions are drawn regarding the need to take them into account in national law- making and law-enforcement practice.

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