Academic literature on the topic 'Freedom Fighters'

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Journal articles on the topic "Freedom Fighters"

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Akbari, Bahman. "Freedom Fighter or Terrorist?" International Law Research 12, no. 1 (February 7, 2023): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ilr.v12n1p76.

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In certain cases, making a distinction between freedom fighters and terrorists is a matter of dispute between states. This article examines the main reason for this disagreement and suggests some criteria for separating these two concepts. By referring to the practice of states as well as some regional counter-terrorism conventions, this article argues that the root cause of the issue arises from the legal interpretation of self-determination at the present postcolonial epoch. Therefore, permissions and limitations arising from the right to self-determination clarify the main differences between freedom fighters and terrorists. Finally, the article concludes that a freedom fighter is someone who fights for legal rights in conformity with the law of armed conflict; while a terrorist is someone who fights to achieve illegal advantages by means of targeting civilian objects.
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Ford, Pauline. "Freedom fighters." Elderly Care 2, no. 6 (August 1990): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/eldc.2.6.30.s21.

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Nelkin, Dana, and Sam Rickless. "Freedom fighters." Philosophers' Magazine, no. 54 (2011): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/tpm20115457.

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Dittmer, John, and Hilary Herbold. "Freedom Fighters." Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, no. 5 (1994): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2962421.

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DuBois, E. C. "Freedom Fighters." History Workshop Journal 71, no. 1 (February 25, 2011): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hwj/dbq059.

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Cook, Blanche Wiesen, Elisabeth Israels Perry, Rosalyn Fraad Baxandall, Pauli Murray, Virginia Foster Durr, and Hollinger F. Barnard. "Freedom Fighters." Women's Review of Books 6, no. 9 (June 1989): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4020512.

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Marsden, George M., and Allen C. Guelzo. "Calvinist Freedom Fighters." Reviews in American History 18, no. 3 (September 1990): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2702663.

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Dr Sumanta Bhattacharya and Bhavneet Kaur Sachdev. "Impactful role of women for freedom struggle in India and their contribution." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0994.

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The untold, unheard and unseen facts of the struggle for an Independent India. The role of Indian women freedom fighters in the journey of freedom struggle. Everyone speaks about the prominent role played by the male freedom fighter. However, without female freedom fighters achieving Independent India would remain a dream. From being considered as second citizens, being victims of domestic violence, uneducated population, practising sati system to transforming themselves into great freedom fighter leaders has remained unknown to a lot of people. Indian women have played an impactful role in this journey from being part of the non-cooperation movement to practising saytagraha and promoting Khadi and picketing up of liquor shops. Women like Usha Mehta, Rajkumari Gupta, Aruna Asaf Ali, Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi, Rani Gaidinliu, Amal Prabha Das, Azizam Bai, Gulan Kaur, Sarojini Naidu has played paramount role in making India free from British rules. Their participation in all the freedom struggle is significant and respectful.
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Haider, Shawkat Ara, Md Titu Miah, Rahnuma Jarrin, and Mohammad Ashik Imran Khan. "Assessment of the Ability to Perform Activities of Daily Living: A Study Among Freedom Fighters in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 46, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v46i3.52253.

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Background: Bangladesh got its glorious victory of independence in 1971 from Pakistan after nine months of the liberation war. After 47 years, freedom fighters are in geriatric age. Objective: The study was aimed to assess the ability to perform daily living activities among the Freedom fighters of Bangladesh. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study and a mixed-method qualitative and quantitative. It was conducted from December 2017 to May 2018. A total of 153 freedom fighters who actively participated in the Liberation War were randomly selected from eight Bangladesh divisions. The Sami-structure questionnaire was collected in quantitative data. Qualitative data was collected by key informant interviews (KII) Physical functional status was determined by Activity of Daily Living Scales (ADLS) and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living Scales (IADLS). Freedom fighters who actively participated in the Liberation War and gladly participated were included in the study. Results: Among the 153 respondents, 92.8% were Muslim and mean age 68.50±5.808 years. Their monthly family income was a minimum of 6000 BDT and a maximum of 500000 BDT, and 92.2% received the freedom fighter allowance. Most of them lived with their family members and about half of them took care of themselves. Activities of the daily living scale showed that two-third of them had difficulties in one or more activities. The Instrumental Activities of daily living scale revealed that most of them had problems in one or more instrumental activities. Conclusion: This study revealed that the ability to perform daily living activities was so difficult for Freedom fighters at their old ages. Further large-scale studies involving all living freedom fighters could show a more complex scenario. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2020; 46(3): 184-188
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Voss, David. "Space: Freedom fighters defeated." Physics World 4, no. 7 (July 1991): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/4/7/6.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Freedom Fighters"

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Van, de Voorde Cécile Valérie. "Freedom fighters, freedom haters, martyrs, and evildoers : the social construction of suicide terrorism." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001555.

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Van, de Voorde Cécile Valérie. "Freedom fighters, freedom haters, martyrs, and evildoers: The social construction of suicide terrorism." Scholar Commons, 2006. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2734.

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Suicide terrorism is characterized by the willingness of physically and psychologically war-trained individuals to die while destroying or attempting to annihilate enemy targets in furtherance of certain political or social objectives. Rooted in the historical, social, and psychological dimensions of international terrorism, suicide terrorism is neither a unique nor a new phenomenon. Its recent resurgence and the extensive media coverage it has received account for the misleading uniqueness of this violent, complex, and adaptive form of terrorism. This qualitative study examines the definitional and rhetorical processes by which suicide terrorism is socially constructed. Using a social constructionist theoretical framework coupled with a symbolic interactionist approach, this multi-case study effectively moves the analysis of suicide bombings beyond essentialist debates on asymmetrical warfare or terrorism and into a more nuanced appreciation of cultural meaning and human interaction. Hence this case study emphasizes how the interpretive understanding of suicide terrorism is associated with a biased representation of events and their alleged causes that is conditioned by deliberate attempts to stigmatize ideological enemies, manipulate public perceptions, and promote certain political interests. The primary research question is: How are socio-political processes, bureaucratic imperatives, and media structures involved in the social construction of suicide terrorism? Secondary research questions focus on determining how suicide terrorism is (a) a political weapon, (b) a communication tool, and (c) a politicized issue that fits into a moral panic framework. Methods used to conduct the analysis include in-depth interviews (phenomenological and elite interviewing) and document analysis (general document review and historical review). Findings highlight the interactions between suicide bombers (as contemporary folk devils), the news and entertainment media, the public, and agents of social control (politicians, lawmakers, law enforcement, and action groups), and their respective roles in the social construction of suicide terrorism. The limitations of the study, its significant theoretical and practical implications, as well as suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Horwitz, Dean. "The role of branding in the success of the Economic Freedom Fighters( EFF)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20697.

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Much has been written about the political mediatisation of society, often through the lenses of the media, its institutional rules and processes. These studies have focused on either side of the debate, choosing to look at the media itself, or its influence on the political subsystem and vice versa. This has resulted in the formation of a gap in the literature around the issue of the relationship between media and governance particularly in the political branding area. This thesis focuses on political branding in South Africa and explores the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF)'s "brand image" amongst voters in the last national elections 2014. The thesis thus is considered an exploratory study that uses in-depth interviews combined with primary qualitative and a preliminary secondary quantitative research. The data from the different research methods were thematically analysed by the researcher through the projective technique analysis of political branding in South Africa. The main objective of this thesis is to consider how the EFF used the media function within the current commercial media spheres to shape and influence political branding in South Africa. In addition, this thesis will look into how the EFF positioned itself on top of the current political dynamic in South Africa. The thesis ends with a number theoretical reflections and directions for future empirical research to explore the relation between media and governance in depth in dealing with South Africa as a society in transition. It also acknowledges its limitations.
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Hoey, Jason. "Mad fanatics or freedom fighters : Lay theories of terrorist groups and the restriction of civil liberties." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505645.

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Charema, John. "An explanatory study into the rehabilitation of ex-freedom fighters in Gweru, Zimbabwe from 1990 to 1995." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1223.

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The purpose of the study was to explore the rehabilitation of ex-combatants who fought the Zimbabwe liberation war, thus to find out if these ex-combatants received counseling and were resettled or reintegrated within the period 1990 to 1995. In order to maintain focus the aims of the study were set out as follows: • to focus on rehabilitation which encompasses taking care of the ex-combatants who were disabled and or injured during the war, as well as counseling, reintegrating and resettling them and • to explore whether the ex-combatants who were demobilized and those who opted for a civilian life were rehabilitated. • to explore if the ex-combatants were reintegrated. • to understand how the ex-combatants were coping with their lives and • to discover how they perceived their support from the government at the time of their demobilisation. The study concentrated on ex-combatants in Gweru, who were to be rehabilitated from 1990 to 1995. In-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted to achieve the objectives set out for the study. The results of the study indicate that there was no rehabilitation, counseling, resettlement and real integration. The findings clearly indicate that these ex-combatants still think of being resettled, allocated good land for farming. They went on to suggest being paid pension by the government and to have their children employed, educated and supported by the government.
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Swain, Ayanna N. "21st Century Freedom Fighters: African Descent Teachers' Use of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy as a Tool of Liberation." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/73.

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African descent students often are subjected to pedagogical practices and curricula that do not validate their home cultures or their individual and collective histories. In response to this problem, many teachers implement culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP) and curricula to address the needs of this population. Focusing on two African descent teachers in an African-centered school, the purpose of this qualitative African-centered inquiry was to 1) examine how the ancient Kemetic philosophy, Ma’at, manifests in their epistemologies, worldviews, and pedagogical practices, 2) explore how their epistemologies and worldviews inform their pedagogical practices, and 3) understand how their life experiences shaped their epistemologies and worldviews. A holistic theoretical framework comprised of Afrocentric and womanist theories and a CRP theoretical approach informed the “retooled” life history methodology employed in this study. The culturally sensitive data collection methods included dialogue, storytelling, participatory witnessing, and Afrocentric group conversation. Thematic and dialogic/performance narrative analysis techniques were used to analyze the data. The significance of this study is fourfold. First, this study adds to the paucity of existing literature on exemplary African descent teachers by bringing to the fore how the epistemologies and worldviews of teachers shape their pedagogical practices in an African-centered school. Second, this study explored the intended liberatory effects of African descent teachers’ implementation of CRP for themselves and for their students, ultimately affecting how both position themselves in the broader society. Third, use of the cardinal virtues of Ma’at (truth, justice, righteousness, order, harmony, balance, and reciprocity) as the philosophical foundation for this study presents an ontological alternative to privileging western philosophical frameworks typically used in educational research. Finally, as the ancient Kemetic philosophy employed in this study and as this study’s philosophical foundation, Ma'at specifically encourages policy makers, researchers, and practitioners to reexamine their notions of contemporary education in terms of its purpose, methods, and conceptions of the whole child. The findings illuminate ways that Ma’at undergirds the participants’ epistemologies, worldviews, and culturally relevant pedagogical practices enabling them to facilitate critical thinking, critical consciousness, and identity development with their students.
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Alvaré, Bretton Thomas. "From Marxist Guerrillas To Rastafari Warriors: The Rise, Fall, and Reinvention of the National United Freedom Fighters." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/109364.

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Anthropology
Ph.D.
In this dissertation I argue that individuals' definitions of social justice, and their strategies for pursuing it, are structured by material and discursive conditions produced by specific state practices. In this study, based on multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork in the United States and Trinidad and Tobago, I explore this argument by examining the process by which the members of the National United Freedom Fighters (NUFF) resorted to violent political tactics and later abandoned them to adopt a state-sanctioned, self-funded development approach to their ongoing pursuit of social justice. The two different phases of the NUFF's social movement were led by the same actors, in the same impoverished region, with the same material development goals. Through comparative analysis of these two phases, and the material and discursive conditions characteristic of the two different historical moments in which they emerged, this study teases out the specific contextual variables that provoked the NUFF's initial commitment to and subsequent renunciation of violent political action. I argue that the transformation of the NUFF from a guerrilla force inspired by the promise of Marxist revolution into an NGO founded on principles of neoliberal subjectivity- self-help, participation in civil society, community-based volunteerism, market-oriented social reform, and spirituality (Rastafari)- was largely a consequence of material and discursive shifts produced by specific neoliberal governing practices instituted during and after the Structural Adjustment Program mandated by the International Monetary Fund in the mid-1980s. This investigation seeks to produce insights into the future of grassroots political action in the developing world by advancing anthropological understandings of the connections between culture, state practices, material conditions, and marginalized citizens' strategies for social change.
Temple University--Theses
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Taxén, Sara. "Jämställdhet på pappret? : En analys av ANC:s, DA:s och EFF:s valmanifest inför de sydafrikanska lokalvalen 2016." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-316503.

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Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka jämställdhetsfrågors aktualitet och betydelse i den sydafrikanska politiken. Detta görs med förhoppningen att kunna säga någonting om landets potentiella jämställdhetsutveckling, och om huruvida en sådan utveckling kan påverka den generella utvecklingen i ett land som är viktigt för regionen både ekonomiskt och inom jämställdhetsområdet. Studien undersöker därför Sydafrikas tre största partiers valmanifest inför de lokala val som hölls i augusti 2016 – ANC:s, DA:s och EFF:s - för att ta reda på hur jämställdhetsfrågor behandlas, alternativt icke behandlas. Undersökningen genomförs med hjälp av kvantitativ och kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultaten påvisar att valet, ur en partipolitisk synvinkel, inte genomsyrades av jämställdhet eller av en jämställdhetsinriktad diskurs. Därför är undersökningen pessimistisk till Sydafrikas vidareutveckling inom jämställdhetsområdet inom den närmaste framtiden, och därmed även till dess positiva inverkan på den generella utvecklingen i landet. Detta trots ett skiftande politiskt landskap.
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Carstens, Joshua. "The rise of populism within the Economic Freedom Fighters in South Africa: a theoretical case study of anti-establishment, economic inequalities and cultural backlash." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32540.

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Populism is on the rise in many developed and developing countries and uprooting established party systems. In South Africa, research has shown that the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) can be seen as our turn towards populism, but what fuels the rise of the party? This dissertation argues that an anti-establishment stance entices citizens to vote for the EFF and economic inequalities and a cultural backlash makes our society fertile ground for a populist party. In this theoretical case study, international populism theory from especially Inglehart and Norris is applied to the local context to show why the aforementioned factors can explain the rise of populism.
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Cortez, Jenny. "Female freedom fighters : the impact of Kate Chopin's The awakening and Edith Wharton's The house of mirth on the American suicide discourse from 1870-1900 /." View online, 2008. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131423543.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Freedom Fighters"

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Kyndiah, P. R. Mizo freedom fighters. New Delhi: Sanchar Pub. House, 1994.

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Naveen, Joshi, and India. Ministry of Information and Broadcasting. Publications Division., eds. Freedom fighters remember. New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1997.

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ill, Garnett Ron, ed. Five bold freedom fighters. New York: Scholastic, 2001.

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Ely, Tavin, and Alexander Yonah, eds. Terrorists or freedom fighters. Fairfax, Va: HERO Books, 1986.

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Vaknin, Shmuel (Sam). Terrorists and Freedom Fighters. Skopje: Narcissus Publications, 2003.

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J, Tavin Ely, and Alexander Yonah, eds. Terrorists or freedom fighters. Fairfax, Va: HERO Books, 1986.

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Kate, Burns. Fighters against censorship. San Diego: Lucent Books, 2004.

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Mitrokhin, L. V. Lenin and Indian freedom fighters. New Delhi: Panchsheel Publishers, 1988.

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Shintri, Sarojini. Women freedom fighters in Karnataka. Dharwad: Prasaranga, Karnatak University, 1985.

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Srivastava, Ratish. Tribal freedom fighters of India. New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Freedom Fighters"

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Reubke, Karl-Julius. "Sundry freedom fighters." In Mahatma Gandhi and Sri Aurobindo, 99–116. London: Routledge India, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003097259-8.

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Innset, Ola. "An Army of Fighters for Freedom." In Springer Studies in the History of Economic Thought, 91–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38885-0_5.

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Lusk, Adam. "Freedom fighters and the drug lord." In Rhetoric, Media, and the Narratives of US Foreign Policy, 142–80. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429351235-5.

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Windrich, Elaine. "The Liberation Movement: `Terrorists' or `Freedom Fighters'?" In The Rhodesian Problem, 277–303. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003503200-10.

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Luci, Nita. "National Manhood: Martyrs, Freedom Fighters, and Statesmen in Kosovo’s State-Making." In Nationalism and the Politicization of History in the Former Yugoslavia, 195–211. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65832-8_10.

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Dillabough, Jo-Anne. "Young MK freedom fighters and colonial childhoods in an apartheid past." In Temporality, Space and Place in Education and Youth Research, 67–90. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003021087-5.

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Teitler, Anthony. "Supporting the Afghan ‘freedom fighters’ against the ‘perils’ of communism, 1979–1989." In US Policy Towards Afghanistan, 1979–2014, 52–84. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge studies in US foreign policy: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429430077-3.

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Terborg-Penn, Rosalyn. "Black Women Freedom Fighters in South Africa and in the United States: A Comparative Analysis." In Women and Revolution: Global Expressions, 173–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9072-3_9.

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Johnson, Mark. "From Victims of Trafficking to Freedom Fighters: Rethinking Migrant Domestic Workers in the Middle East." In Revisiting Slavery and Antislavery, 179–205. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90623-2_7.

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Mostafa, Dalia Said. "Popular Images of Army Officers and Freedom Fighters as National Heroes in the 1950s and 1960s." In The Egyptian Military in Popular Culture, 23–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59372-6_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Freedom Fighters"

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Bender, Conner, and Jason Staggs. "Leveling the Playing Field: Equipping Ukrainian Freedom Fighters with Low-Cost Drone Detection Capabilities." In 2023 15th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Meeting Reality (CyCon). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/cycon58705.2023.10181421.

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Perumal, Vani. "Face Recognition in Video Streams and its Application in Freedom Fighters Discovery - A Machine Learning Approach." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applied Network Technologies (ICMLANT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmlant50963.2020.9355979.

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Rancruel, Diego F., and Michael R. von Spakovsky. "A Decomposition Strategy Applied to the Optimal Synthesis/Design and Operation of an Advanced Fighter Aircraft System: A Comparison With and Without Airframe Degrees of Freedom." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55402.

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A decomposition methodology based on the concept of “thermoeconomic isolation” applied to the synthesis/design and operational optimization of an advanced tactical fighter aircraft is the focus of this research. Conceptual, time, and physical decomposition were used to solve the system-level as well as unit-level optimization problems. The total system was decomposed into five sub-systems as follows: propulsion sub-system (PS), environmental control sub-system (ECS), fuel loop sub-system (FLS), vapor compression and PAO loops sub-system (VC/PAOS), and airframe sub-system (AFS) of which the AFS is a non-energy based sub-system. A number of different configurations for each sub-system were considered. The most promising set of candidate configurations, based on both an energy integration analysis and aerodynamic performance, were developed and detailed thermodynamic, geometric, physical, and aerodynamic models at both design and off-design were formulated and implemented. A decomposition strategy called Iterative Local-Global Optimization (ILGO) developed by Mun˜oz and von Spakovsky (2000b,c) was then applied to the synthesis/design and operational optimization of the advanced tactical fighter aircraft. This decomposition strategy is the first to successfully closely approach the theoretical condition of “thermoeconomic isolation” when applied to highly complex, highly dynamic non-liner systems. This contrasts with past attempts to approach this condition, all of which were applied to very simple systems under very special and restricted conditions such as those requiring linearity in the models and strictly local decision variables. This is a significant advance in decomposition and has now been successfully applied to a number of highly complex and dynamic transportation and stationary systems. This paper presents the detailed results from one such application, which additionally considers a non-energy based sub-system (AFS).
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Perez, Andres E., Hever Moncayo, Israel Moguel, Mario G. Perhinschi, Dia Al Azzawi, and Adil Togayev. "Development of Immunity Based Adaptive Control Laws for Aircraft Fault Tolerance." In ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-5890.

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This paper presents the development and testing of a novel fault tolerant adaptive control system based on a bio-inspired immunity-based mechanism applied to an aircraft fighter model. The proposed baseline control laws use a non-linear dynamic inversion and model reference adaptive control on the inner loops of the aircraft dynamics. In this new approach, the baseline controllers are augmented with an artificial immune system mechanism that relies on a direct compensation inspired primarily by the biological immune system response. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through a full 6 degrees-of-freedom aircraft model interfaced with a Flight gear environment. The performance of the proposed control laws are investigated under a novel set of performance metrics, which quantify the level of input activity from the pilot and from the control surfaces in order to ensure the stability and performance of the aircraft under different actuator and structural failures. Optimization of the parameters of the artificial immunity system is performed using a genetic algorithm. The results show that the optimized fault tolerant adaptive control laws improve significantly the failure rejection using minimum pilot input and control surfaces activity under upset flight conditions.
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Periannan, Vijayamand, Michael R. von Spakovsky, and David Moorhouse. "Investigation of the Effects of Various Energy and Exergy-Based Figures of Merit on the Optimal Design of a High Performance Aircraft System." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14186.

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This paper shows the advantages of applying exergy-based analysis and optimization methods to the synthesis/design and operation of aircraft systems. In particular, an Advanced Aircraft Fighter (AAF) with three subsystems: a Propulsion Subsystem (PS), an Environmental Control Subsystem (ECS), and an Airframe Subsystem - Aerodynamics (AFS-A) is used to illustrate these advantages. Thermodynamic (both energy and exergy based), aerodynamic, geometric, and physical models of the components comprising the subsystems are developed and their interactions defined. Off-design performance is considered as well and is used in the analysis and optimization of system synthesis/design and operation as the aircraft is flown over an entire mission. An exergy-based parametric study of the PS and its components is first presented in order to show the type of detailed information on internal system losses which an exergy analysis can provide and an energy analysis by its very nature is unable to provide. This is followed by a series of constrained, system synthesis/design optimizations based on five different objective functions, which define energy-based and exergy-based measures of performance. The former involve minimizing the gross takeoff weight or maximizing the thrust efficiency while the latter involve minimizing the rates of exergy destruction plus the rate of exergy fuel loss (with and without AFS-A losses) or maximizing the thermodynamic effectiveness. A first set of optimizations involving four of the objecttives (two energy-based and two exergy-based) are performed with only PS and ECS degrees of freedom. Losses for the AFS-A are not incorporated into the two exergy-based objectives. The results show that as expected all four objectives globally produce the same optimum vehicle. A second set of optimizations is then performed with AFS-A degrees of freedom and again with two energy- and exergy-based objectives. However, this time one of the exergy-based objectives incorporates AFS-A losses directly into the objective. The results are that with this latter objective, a significantly better optimum vehicle is produced. Thus, an exergy-based approach is not only able to pinpoint where the greatest inefficiencies in the system occur but appears at least in this case to produce a superior optimum vehicle as well by accounting for irreversibility losses in subsystems (e.g., the AFS-A) only indirectly tied to fuel usage.
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Aggarwal, Vaishali. "Spaces of becoming - Space shapes public and public (re)shapes their own spaces." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/ncih2289.

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Fights over the ‘right to the city’ have emphasized the interests of the four main actors within the city development of India since the first cases of revolting social movements in Delhi. The four actors can be classified as the social movements, the public, media and the government. The case of India Gate in Delhi is illustrative not only of how the differences between the actors come into surface, but of also of how these actors change their priorities, their stance and their tools, in order to secure their position in the city. Many scholars have analysed the role of social movements and how it evolves in the process. But what about the role of government as an entity that is in between the interests of social movements, public and media? How and why do they change their stance when a movement takes place? What are their limitations? The India Gate case can give the answers to these questions, as it examines the multiple transformations of this space over time. This paper emphasizes on the idea of Space. How space shapes public and public (re)shape their own spaces. India gate. This space has been stuck between the idea of being a space or a branded space. It was assumed that media plays a prominent role in acting like a watchdog in democracies, but this paper looks at how media if used rightfully can be forced for a good in oppressive regimes and therefore, a vigilant and alert media can act as an external trigger or an emergency- wake up call for the youth of India to take the cause of freedom seriously. Rightfully as put up by Ritish (2012), an external event or issue may allow for the manifestation of a flash fandom in the form of flash activism. Since, social movement’s needs mass media attention for amplification of their claims, the media also join the movements too create the news. Lastly, the consequences of the media coverage for social movements, in terms of organisation, reaching political change and obtaining favourable public opinion is comprehended in three different case studies.
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Reports on the topic "Freedom Fighters"

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Yaoren, Kenneth Yeo. Decapitation, Retaliation, and the Indicators of Escalation in Mindanao. ICCT, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19165/2023.2.10.

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This policy brief examines the recent developments within the Dawlah Islamiyah (DI) community in Mindanao, Southern Philippines, following the death of Abu Zacariah in Marawi. His demise has sparked significant upheaval, particularly regarding the leadership succession within the DI. Initially, the leader of the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF) was poised to become the next emir of Dawlah Islamiyah Philippines. However, in a surprising turn of events, he surrendered to the 6th Infantry Division of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. This event, along with other indicators, suggests a substantial weakening of DI groups in the region. The most notable aspect of this decline is the collective demoralisation among its combatants, evidenced by an unprecedented rate of surrender since 2020. Despite these developments indicating a potential diminishing threat, the study identifies three critical factors that could escalate conflicts: the possibility of a prison siege, increased intergroup cooperation, and the involvement of foreign fighters. These elements require continuous monitoring by authorities to effectively manage and mitigate the risk of renewed violence and instability in the region.
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Roselló Soberón, Estela. Working paper PUEAA No. 18. Women in resistance: avatars of Afghan and Mexican women in their daily fights against contemporary violence. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Programa Universitario de Estudios sobre Asia y África, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/pueaa.003r.2023.

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The next reflection has the purpose of analyzing the resilience strategies of Afghan women and girls throughout the 21st century to compare them with those other strategies that many Mexican women and girls from rural and urban communities have to use on a daily life to survive in the midst of different types of conditions of marginalization, discrimination and violence. The communication compares the representation and construction of negative female stereotypes originated in the most traditional visions of islam and catholicism to analyze the response that contemporary, resilient, and combative women have offered to fight against these cultural assumptions in search of greater freedoms, rights, and opportunities to live with dignity. This cultural comparison has the purpose of looking at women as active subjects, capable of responding and acting in situations of oppression, discrimination, and daily mistreatment in patriarchal societies where violence against women is one of the social, political, economic and cultures of most urgent attention.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. Мова війни і «контрнаступальна» лексика у стислих медійних текстах. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11742.

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The article examines the language of the russian-ukrainian war of the 21st century based on the materials of compressed media texts; the role of political narratives and psychological-emotional markers in the creation of new lexemes is clarified; the verbal expression of forecasts of ukrainian and foreign analysts regarding the course of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine is shown. Compressed media texts reflect the main meanings of the language of the russian-ukrainian war in relation to the surrounding world. First of all, the media vocabulary was supplemented with neologisms – aggressive and sad: “rashism”, “denazification”, “katsapstan”, “orks”, “rusnia”, “kremlins”, “parebrik”, “in the swamps”, “nuclear dictator”, “putinism”, “two hundred” and others. Numerals acquired new expressive and evaluative meanings: “200s” (dead), “300s” (wounded), “400s” (russian military personnel who filed reports for termination of the contract), “500s” (hopelessly drunk russian soldiers, alcoholics who are unable to perform combat tasks). The language of war intensified the slogans of the struggle for state independence and people’s freedom. The scope of the greeting “Glory to Ukraine! – Glory to Heroes!”. New official holidays have appeared in the history of Ukraine since 2014: “Heroes of the Heavenly Hundred” Day (February 20), “Ukrainian Volunteer Day” (March 14), “Defenders and Defenders of Ukraine Day” (October 14), “Volunteer Day” (5 December). As you know, the professional holiday of the military is the Day of the Armed Forces of Ukraine” (December 6). A special style is characteristic of media texts on military topics: “Iron Force of Ukraine” (Iron Force of Ukraine), “digitize the Army” (for effective simulation of military operations); “grain corridor” (export of Ukrainian grain to African and European countries); “don’t let Ukraine lose” (the position of the Allies at the first stage of the war), “Ukraine must win!” (the position of the Allies in the second stage of the war); “in the Russian-Ukrainian war, the thinking of the 19th century collided with the thinking of the 21st century”, “a politician is a person who understands time” (Grigori Yavlinskyy, Russian oppositionist); “aggressive neutrality” (about Turkey’s position); “in Russia”, “there, in the swamps” (in Russia), “weak, inadequate evil” (about Russia), “behind the fence”; “a great reset of the world order”; “technology of military creativity”; “they are not Russian and not Ukrainian, they are Soviet”, “people without mentality”, “in Ukraine and without Ukraine” (Vitaly Portnikov about a separate category of Russian-speaking citizens in Ukraine); “information bed of Ukraine” (about combat operations on the front line; “when a descendant asks me what I did in those terrifying moments, I will know what to answer. At the very least, I did not stand aside” (opinion of a Ukrainian fighter). Compressed in media texts is implemented in the headline, note, infographic, chronicle, digest, help, caption for photos, blitz poll, interview, short articles, caricature, visual text, commercial, etc. Researchers add “nominative-representative text (business card text, titles of sections, pages, names of presenters, etc.) to concise media texts for a functional and pragmatic purpose.” accent text (quote, key idea); text-navigator (content, news feed, indication of movement or time); chronotope”. A specific linguistic phenomenon known as “language compression” is widespread in media texts. Language compression is the art of minimization; attention is focused on the main, the most essential, everything secondary is filtered out. Compression uses words succinctly and sparingly to convey the meaning as much as possible. For example, the headline “Racism. What is the essence of the new ideology of the Russian occupiers?”. The note briefly explains the meaning of this concept and explains the difference from “nazism” and “fascism”. Key words: compressed media text, language compression, language of war, emotional markers, expressive neologisms, political journalism.
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