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Journal articles on the topic 'Freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Ishchenko, Natal'ya Gennadievna. "Freedom of provision of services, freedom of establishment and freedom of movement of labor in the law of the Eurasian Economic Union." Международное право и международные организации / International Law and International Organizations, no. 3 (March 2024): 37–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0633.2024.3.33900.

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This article is devoted to the analysis of the legal regulation of interrelated economic freedoms within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union: freedom to provide services, freedom of establishment and freedom of movement of labor. The author examines the content of these freedoms in accordance with the provisions of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union, identifying the inherent features of these freedoms, as well as the criteria for their differentiation. The author refers to the experience of the European Union in the field under study not only to compare the provisions of the co

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Przecherski, Piotr. "Freedom to Provide Services as a Form of the Cross-Border Activity of Foreign Insurance Undertakings in Poland." Prawo Asekuracyjne 4, no. 101 (2019): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6737.

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This paper discusses a number of aspects related to the conducting of insurance activity under the freedom to provide services regime in Poland by insurance undertakings based in the European Economic Area, requirements for undertaking such an activity, as well as criteria for distinguishing between the freedom to provide services and freedom of establishment as two regimes for carrying out cross-border insurance activity. The development of new technologies will result in a growing interest in the freedom to provide services as a model of offering insurance products in other EEA countries. Th

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Pawiłowicz, Karolina. "Swoboda świadczenia usług i swoboda przedsiębiorczości a zawód komornika sądowego." Przegląd Prawa Egzekucyjnego 2022, no. 3 (2022): 72–89. https://doi.org/10.62627/ppe.2022.012.

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The article deals with the issue of the possibility of applying the freedom to provide services and the freedom of establishment to court bailiffs. The author, taking into account the legal nature of the profession of bailiff, analyzes the EU legal bases – both primary law and secondary law. Using the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the significant progress achieved in this regard in relation to notaries, and including the contradictory opinions of the doctrine that have occurred over the years, the author attempts to assess the profession of court bailiff in th

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Lau Hansen, Jesper. "Full Circle: Is There a Difference between the Freedom of Establishment and the Freedom to Provide Services?" European Business Law Review 11, Issue 2 (2000): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/271554.

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Casado Casado, Lucia. "Environmental Protection as an Exception to the Freedom of Establishment and the Freedom to Provide Services in the European Union." Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law 24, no. 2 (2015): 209–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/reel.12110.

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Mylonakis, John. "Services in the European Single Market and in World Trade: Country Implementation Barriers." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 12, no. 1 (2022): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v12i1.19561.

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The Services sector has been the backbone of the global economy and the most dynamic player in international trade. Trade in Services helps to develop countries' economies, increases competition, and promotes the personal skills of employees. The European Single Market is a cornerstone of the European Union, being the single space within which economic growth factors move freely and unhindered. The scope of this paper is to connect these social and economic factors and to show on the one hand the expected benefits from a single market and on the other the chaotic difficulties emerging from its

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Rocca, Marco. "The Proposal for a (So-Called) ‘Monti II’ Regulation on the Exercise of the Right to Take Collective Action within the Context of the Freedom of Establishment and the Freedom to Provide Services: Changing without Reversing, Regulating without Affecting." European Labour Law Journal 3, no. 1 (2012): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/201395251200300103.

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On the 21 March 2012 the European Commission adopted its proposal for a Regulation on the exercise of the right to take collective action within the context of the freedom of establishment and the freedom to provide services. Conceived as both a response and a clarification of the case law of the Court of Justice, the new Regulation should address the widely debated problem of the relationship between fundamental freedoms and fundamental social rights. The present contribution seeks to identify the objectives of the proposal, through a critical reading of its text and of the explanatory memora

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Kaldellis, Evangelos I. "Freedom of Establishment versus Freedom to Provide Services: An Evaluation of Case-law Developments in the Areas of Indistinctly Applicable Rules." Legal Issues of Economic Integration 28, Issue 1 (2001): 23–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/333758.

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Karayigit, Mustafa T. "Vive la Clause de Standstill: The Issue of First Admission of Turkish Nationals into the Territory of a Member State within the Context of Economic Freedoms." European Journal of Migration and Law 13, no. 4 (2011): 411–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181611x605882.

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Abstract The article scrutinises the issue of first admission of Turkish nationals into the territory of a Member State within the context of freedom of establishment, freedom to provide services and freedom of movement for workers under association law. The article emphasises the prospective potential rights of Turkish nationals to arise from the standstill clause and the principle of non-discrimination, in addition to their present accumulated rights under case law. Moreover, negative legal consequences of the relevant case law for the European integration are expressed, and solutions are of

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İlke, GÖÇMEN. "The freedom of establishment and to provide services: a comparison of the freedoms in European Union Law and Turkey–EU Association Law." Ankara Law Review 8, no. 1 (2011): 67–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1501/lawrev_0000000078.

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11

Barnard, Catherine. "Unravelling the services Directive." Common Market Law Review 45, Issue 2 (2008): 323–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2008026.

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The Services Directive 2006/123 was the legislative equivalent of a hot potato. The idea behind it was simple: to reduce the volume of authorizations and other paperwork which stood in the way of freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services for out of State service providers, and to set up systems of administrative support, notably Points of Single Contact, to help these entrepreneurs navigate their way through the bureaucracy that remained. Yet this simple idea became embroiled in much large debates about the future direction of an enlarged Europe. Trade unions, in particular, wer

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Eidenmüller, Horst. "Deregulating the Market for Legal Services in the European Community: Freedom of Establishment and Freedom to Provide Services for EC Lawyers in the Federal Republic of Germany." Modern Law Review 53, no. 5 (1990): 604–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2230.1990.tb01828.x.

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Riedel, Rafał. ""Spillover" in action – Neofunctionalism Revisited. Freedom to Provide Services Outside the Country of Establishment and its Consequences." Polish Political Science Yearbook 37, no. 1 (2008): 8–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ppsy2008007.

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Skupień, Dagmara. "Praca na własny rachunek w ramach Unii Europejskiej w świetle prawa i orzecznictwa." Studia z zakresu Prawa Pracy i Polityki Społecznej 29, no. 3 (2022): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/25444654spp.22.023.16568.

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Self-employment in the European Union in the light of legal regulations and case law Self-employment is the subject of both EU regulations and case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. On the one hand, EU law ensures self-employed persons freedom to provide services and freedom of establishment by removing barriers and protecting against discrimination. On the other hand, EU law aims to combat bogus self-employment and to provide social protection for the self-employed, recognizing the wide spectrum of their labour market situation. The case law of the Court of Justice of the Eur

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Sinkevich, Z. V. "Legal Principles of Social Entrepreneurship. Part 2." Siberian Law Herald 2022.1 (2022): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2071-8136.2022.1.62.

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This article is a continuation of the research presented in the previous issue of the journal. In the first part of the work, the basic principles of regulation of social and legal relations in the provision of social services are considered, the combination of private and public principles is analyzed, the principle of the balance of private and public interests in the system of provision of social services, general principles of constitutional and civil law, and social security law are analyzed. Possible variants of combination of principles based in public and private sectors in relations f

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Novicic, Zaklina. "Freedom of movement for persons in the European Union Law." Medjunarodni problemi 55, no. 1 (2003): 57–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp0301057n.

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In this article the author analyses the evolution of complex corpus of legislation concerning the freedom of movement for persons in European Union Law. The article deals with the subject in two aspects: the first part of the analysis considers the conceptual development of free movement of persons by way of deliberation of building-up the authority of Union in that area, and the second part analyses the contents of the right of the Union citizens to move and reside freely within the territory of the Member State. The freedom of movement for people includes the right of Union citizens to enter

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Nováčková, Daniela, Lucia Paškrtová, and Jana Vnuková. "Cross-Border Provision of Services: Case Study in the Slovak Republic." Administrative Sciences 13, no. 2 (2023): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci13020054.

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The European Union places great emphasis on removing obstacles within its internal market, which is considered a fundamental pillar of European economic integration. By way of legal acts, the conditions for the functioning freedoms of the internal market are harmonized in all EU Member States. In our study, we focus on freedom to provide services, in order to clarify the system and conditions for providing cross-border services and to identify concrete entities providing this kind of services in Slovakia. The subject of the study is the provision of services by foreign entities in the territor

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Bruun, Niklas, and Andreas Bücker. "Balancing Fundamental Social Rights and Economic Freedoms: Can the Monti II Initiative Solve the EU Dilemma?" International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 28, Issue 3 (2012): 279–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2012017.

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This article evaluates the recent (March 2012) legislative initiative by the European Commission for a regulation (known as Monti II) on the exercise of the right to take collective action within the context of the freedom of establishment and the freedom to provide services. The authors put forward a critique of the legal basis, content and form of the proposal, which has already been challenged by Parliaments in twelve Member States. The authors propose the adoption of a revised initiative that would make a clear commitment to international law and labour standards. It should recognize the a

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Višinskis, Vigintas, Inga Žalėnienė, and Agnė Tvaronavičienė. "Legal Environment within the EU: Free Movement of Lawyers and Legal Services." Business: Theory and Practice 10, no. (1) (2009): 30–37. https://doi.org/10.3846/1648-0627.2009.10.30-37.

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Authors of the present article analyze legislation of the European Union on provision of legal services in another EU member state. This article also examines case law of the Court of Justice of the European Communities, consequently revealing problems of applying the analyzed legislation in practice. The authors pay special attention to the analysis of the norms, provided in the Law on Advocacy of the Republic of Lithuania, which are related to establishment and provision of services of other EU member states in the Republic of Lithuania, and critically evaluate the compliance of certain norm

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Tezcan/Idriz, Narin. "Free Movement of Persons between Turkey and the EU: To Move or not to Move? The Response of the Judiciary." Common Market Law Review 46, Issue 5 (2009): 1621–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2009065.

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The article provides an overview of the recent ECJ case law concerning free movement of persons under the EEC-Turkey Association Agreement (Ankara Agreement) in the following four areas: admission to a Member State; the right to residence in a Member State; the right to equal treatment; and expulsion from the territory of a Member State. To place the legal regime created by the Ankara Acquis (comprising the Ankara Agreement, its Additional Protocol, Association Council Decisions and the ECJ case law) in the wider legal context of Community law, rights enjoyed by Turkish nationals in these area

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Xun, Zhang, and Xiaofeng Cheng. "The Digital Boundaries of Free Speech: Legal Interventions on Hate Speech and Disinformation in the Age of Social Media." Advances in Humanities Research 12, no. 2 (2025): None. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7080/2025.23849.

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In the digital media era, extreme remarks and fake news on social platforms are constantly impacting the limits of freedom of expression. This study selects three jurisdictionsthe European Union, the United States, and Chinato compare and analyze the institutional development of online speech governance. By analyzing the practical conflict between the European Digital Services Act and the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, the paper reveals the value gap between protecting freedom of expression and implementing content control in different jurisdictions. Platform content audit data and

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Derkach, Oleksandr. "UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY – BETWEEN IDEA AND PRACTICE." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Pedagogy, no. 1 (17) (2023): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2415-369.2023.17.03.

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The article considers the interpretation of the essence of university autonomy and academic freedom. Approaches to the definition of the concepts of "university autonomy" and "academic freedom" by both domestic and foreign researchers, as well as the interpretation of these concepts in legal documents are analyzed. The author highlights the aspects of legislative support for university autonomy and provides examples of their application in practice. The linguistic interpretation of the term "autonomy" is given. It is determined that the relevance of the study of university autonomy is characte

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Laagland, Femke. "Member States’ Sovereignty in the Socio-Economic Field: Fact or Fiction?" European Labour Law Journal 9, no. 1 (2018): 50–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2031952518758097.

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The author assesses the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (the Court) in which the European business freedoms collide with national labour law. The approach of the Court will be scrutinised with the aim of discovering the extent to which the Court encroaches upon the Member States’ autonomy in the field of labour law. This topic became popular directly after the landmark decisions in Viking and Laval of December 2007. Both cases addressed conflicts that were related to socio-economic diversity in the European Union following the enlargements. In the end, the Court decided

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Wiemann, Joachim. "Deductibility of Health Insurance and Social Security Contributions." EC Tax Review 20, Issue 2 (2011): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2011010.

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The article analyses two recent European Court of Justice (ECJ) decisions (C-544/07, Rüffler, and C-314/08, Filipiak) addressing the question of whether a Member State can limit the deductibility of social security or health insurance contributions under income tax law to those paid to a domestic institution. In the first case, the ECJ found a violation of the right to free movement; in the second case, a violation of the freedom of establishment and the freedom to provide services. The article follows the structure of the ECJ's decisions, providing critical analysis of all steps of the ECJ's

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Karitsky, Andrey Petrovich. "Main improvement organizations of federal specialized (oncologic) institute as a unit of health system." Pediatrician (St. Petersburg) 6, no. 4 (2015): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/ped64116-123.

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Recently economic analysis of health care is demanded and actual due to becoming more and more urgent need for restructuring and a choice of priorities for this boundary section of medicine. In the article are considered strong and weaknesses of health system models, including in option of a so-called transitional economy on the example of federal N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology. Now the N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology can call establishment of national health system with state regulation of programs of general obligatory medical insurance. In this model of health care

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Lewandowicz, Maria, and Marek Kacprzak. "Poker in light of the Gambling Act and European Union regulations." Studia Prawa Publicznego, no. 2 (46) (June 28, 2024): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/spp.2024.2.46.3.

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The authors of the paper undertook an analysis of the regulations on the organization of a poker game under the Gambling Act. The main subject of the analysis revolves around the question to what extent state authorities should monitor and restrict the activity of poker players. The scope of the statutory restrictions on arranging and participating in poker games depends on the culture of perception of gambling in a given country. Assigning poker to the appropriate regulatory category, either as a gambling activity carrying the highest social risks in terms of public health or safety, or as a

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Liasota, A. E. "Current state and prospects of development of civil society institutions in Ukraine." Науково-теоретичний альманах "Грані" 21, no. 10 (2018): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/1718140.

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An important feature of political modernization and development of the political system is the ability of the state to undergo structural changes in all spheres of public life, while preserving the stability of society, as well as the inclusion of the broad masses in the political process. After all, deep democratization of political and economic institutions is impossible without active participation of citizens.The article is devoted to the study of civil society, which is closely linked with the institutionalization of free and diverse citizens’ integration into public associations, which p

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Márquez Lasso, Daniel E. "The concept of abuse in tax matters within European Union law." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 13, no. 2 (2021): 362–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2021.6263.

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The principle of prohibition of abuse of rights is applicable in fields as varied as the free movement of goods (judgment of 10 of January 1985, Association des Centres distributeurs Leclerc and Thouars Distribution, Case 229/83), freedom to provide services (judgment of 3 of February 1993, Veronica Omroep Organisatie, Case C‑148/91), public service contracts (judgment of 11 of December 2014, Azienda sanitaria locale n. 5 Spezzino and Others, Case C‑113/13), freedom of establishment (judgment of 9 of March 1999, Centros, Case C‑212/97), company law (judgment of 23 of March 2000, Diamantis, Cas

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Malmberg, Jonas, and Tore Sigeman. "Industrial actions and EU economic freedoms: The autonomous collective bargaining model curtailed by the European Court of Justice." Common Market Law Review 45, Issue 4 (2008): 1115–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2008073.

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Is the right to take collective action as enshrined in a Member State?s national law restricted in any way by the rules on right of establishment under Article 43 EC or on freedom to provide services under Article 49 EC and the Posted Workers Directive? These were the main questions referred to the ECJ in the Viking and Laval cases decided by the Court in December 2007. In this article, the authors take stock of the EC rules brought to the fore in the cases. According to the judgments, the trade unions concerned are caught by the direct horizontal effect of the Treaty articles. Collective acti

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Mrozowska - Bartkiewicz, Beata, and Paweł Matej. "The Impact of the Bankruptcy of the Insurer Operating in the EU under Freedom of Establishment Rules on the Performance of the Insurance Guarantee Fund in the Compulsory Motor Third-Party Liability Insurance System." Prawo Asekuracyjne 3, no. 116 (2023): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.1362.

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Cross-border activities of European companies, including insurance undertakings, constitute the major component of EU legal system. The freedom of establishment and the freedom to provide services rules are the crucial foundations of the single internal market, as they enable EU entrepreneurs to take up and pursue economic activity in the territory of another Member State. Unfortunately, the EU market has its weaknesses, one of which has been recently experienced by the Polish insurance market. This is due to the lack of a uniform guarantee system which would coherently deal with the issues re

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Kudeikina, Inga, and Sanita Kitajeva. "PUBLIC LIBRARY IN TODAY’S WORLD – SOCIAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS." Culture Crossroads 25 (December 17, 2024): 58–69. https://doi.org/10.55877/cc.vol25.480.

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Libraries have a long history. They existed ever since writing began. Historical transformation affected not only the contents of libraries, but also their form, mission, functions and services. With changing times and societies, evolving information and communication technologies, and contrary to predictions that libraries might lose their role and disappear altogether, they have changed along with the needs, demands and habits of society, learned to draw on new technologies, so forming a completely new understanding of libraries, their definition and role in today’s educational, cultural, po

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Garben, Sacha. "Balancing social and economic fundamental rights in the EU legal order." European Labour Law Journal 11, no. 4 (2020): 364–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2031952520927128.

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The EU legal order recognises at its highest level both fundamental social rights/freedoms and economic rights/freedoms. As is well-known, it is in the cases where these have had to be balanced against one another, that profound legal and political difficulties have appeared over the years, feeding into a more general concern about an asymmetry between social and economic values and outcomes in the European integration process. While we need to be careful not to overstate the extent of conflict, it deserves to be reiterated that there remain a number of important ‘social sore spots’ that despi

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Djumiarti, Titik, and Ari Subowo. "POVERTY REDUCTION THROUGH UPTPK (THE INTEGRATED SERVICE UNIT OF POVERTY ALLEVIATION) IN SRAGEN REGENCY CENTRAL JAVA PROVINCE." Journal of Public Administration and Local Governance 2, no. 2 (2018): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31002/jpalg.v2i2.1078.

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<p><em>The existence of UPTPK in Sragen Regency is an effort of the regional government in Sragen Regency to tackle the poverty with a systematic and integrated concept. The success of Sragen Regency in the establishment of UPTPK to the poverty tackling program can encourage the Social Ministry to give an appreciation through a program named GEMPITA (Regency/City Concerned Community Movement). The purpose of this writing is to explain the leadership of Agus Fatchur Rahman in maintaining the poverty through UPTPK (The Integrated Service Unit of Poverty Tackling) in Sragen Regency. d

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Iaroslav Petrunenko. "FEATURES OF SOCIALLY DETERMINED GOVERNMENT POLICY IN THE REGULATION SPHERE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT IN UKRAINE." European Cooperation 1, no. 41 (2019): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32070/ec.v1i41.18.

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Formation of regulatory state policy concerning a new socially oriented type of state policy mainly involves the introduction of such methods and state regulation tools of economic relations that would allow achieving the greatest balance and optimal combination of business freedom based on fair market regulators, the interests of the whole society and the creation of conditions for the state and its citizen welfare, ensuring sustainable development. Legal bases and requirements for the development of socially oriented state policy in the regulation sphere of economic relations are defined by

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de Schutter, Olivier. "Fundamental Rights and the Transformation of Governance in the European Union." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 9 (2007): 133–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5235/152888712802746777.

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It has been argued in many places, and in different forms, that the establishment between the EU Member States of an internal market, and now of an area of freedom, security and justice, requires the European Union to legislate in the field of fundamental rights, either in order to avoid a form of regulatory competition between the Member States or in order to ensure mutual trust allowing for mutual cooperation between judicial, police and administrative national authorities. ‘Negative integration’, in the form of the lowering of barriers to the movement of goods, services, persons and capital

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de Schutter, Olivier. "Fundamental Rights and the Transformation of Governance in the European Union." Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 9 (2007): 133–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000002780.

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It has been argued in many places, and in different forms, that the establishment between the EU Member States of an internal market, and now of an area of freedom, security and justice, requires the European Union to legislate in the field of fundamental rights, either in order to avoid a form of regulatory competition between the Member States or in order to ensure mutual trust allowing for mutual cooperation between judicial, police and administrative national authorities. ‘Negative integration’, in the form of the lowering of barriers to the movement of goods, services, persons and capital

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Bačić, Arsen. "Statute of the Town and Island of Korčula 1214/1265 and issues of (dis) continuity of old and new constitutionalism." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta u Splitu 55, no. 3 (2018): 541–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31141/zrpfs.2018.55.129.541.

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In classic natural law the issue of constitution was related to the laws, institutions and practice of organising and directing states and the political system. According to this understanding, every political system of town-state had a constitution. The contemporary meaning of constitution nevertheless gained specific and valuable foundation: today the constitution means the establishment of a special form of political organisation. Contemporary constitutions talk of limited government. With a constitution, political power is constituted and limited at the same time. Some states are constitut

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Duraku, Azem. "Public Expenditures Through Public Procurement." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 2, no. 2 (2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v2i2.p40-49.

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Treaty of Rome of 1957 and following treaties on amending the Treaty of Rome contain a number of basic principles on which the EU is founded. Among these principles, the most important ones related to the public procurement are: prevention of discrimination based on nationality, free movement of goods; right and freedom of establishment of a business; the right to provide services. Spending of public money in Kosovo pursuant to the Law on Procurement is found on the following principles: economization and efficiency; equal treatment and non-discrimination; transparency; value for money. The av

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Duraku, Azem. "Public Expenditures Through Public Procurement." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 3, no. 1 (2018): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v3i1.p40-49.

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Treaty of Rome of 1957 and following treaties on amending the Treaty of Rome contain a number of basic principles on which the EU is founded. Among these principles, the most important ones related to the public procurement are: prevention of discrimination based on nationality, free movement of goods; right and freedom of establishment of a business; the right to provide services. Spending of public money in Kosovo pursuant to the Law on Procurement is found on the following principles: economization and efficiency; equal treatment and non-discrimination; transparency; value for money. The av

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Duraku, Azem. "Public Expenditures Through Public Procurement." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 2, no. 2 (2018): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0010.

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Abstract Treaty of Rome of 1957 and following treaties on amending the Treaty of Rome contain a number of basic principles on which the EU is founded. Among these principles, the most important ones related to the public procurement are: prevention of discrimination based on nationality, free movement of goods; right and freedom of establishment of a business; the right to provide services. Spending of public money in Kosovo pursuant to the Law on Procurement is found on the following principles: economization and efficiency; equal treatment and non-discrimination; transparency; value for mone

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Meng, LingYan. "The Internal Relationship and Strategic Docking Between China's Free Trade Zone Services and the "Belt and Road Initiative"." Financial Forum 10, no. 3 (2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18282/ff.v10i3.2351.

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<p>In the context of the continuous deepening of the global economy and the adjustment and reconstruction of international economic and trade rules, China has proposed the development model of the "Belt and Road". The current development of China's "Belt and Road" and free trade zone services are all for better economic development. The strategies proposed are all new explorations of China's economic development in the new period of reform and opening up. China’s free trade zone serves as the economic foundation of the “Belt and Road”, and the “Belt and Road” construction is an extension

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Smith, Leonard. "Lunatic Asylum in the Workhouse: St Peter’s Hospital, Bristol, 1698–1861." Medical History 61, no. 2 (2017): 225–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2017.3.

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In recent years there has been growing acknowledgement of the place of workhouses within the range of institutional provision for mentally disordered people in nineteenth-century England. This article explores the situation in Bristol, where an entrenched workhouse-based model was retained for an extended period in the face of mounting external ideological and political pressures to provide a proper lunatic asylum. It signified a contest between the modernising, reformist inclinations of central state agencies and local bodies seeking to retain their freedom of action. The conflict exposed con

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Niemi, Matti Ilmari. "The Bologna Declaration and Free Movement of European Union Citizens in the Fields of Legal Education and the Legal Profession – Observations in Finland." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 15, no. 4 (2017): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1230.

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Finland is a member of the European Higher Education Area. The principles of the Bologna Declaration have become reality in certain respects. The form and structure of Finnish law degrees are uniform with the Bologna model. However, mobility and the free movement of students have only been realised in a limited sense. Finnish law degrees are still closed both in international and national respects. Uniformity of degrees is treated here as a means to carrying out free movement and the right of establishment as the principles of the European Union. Uniformity of degrees is a necessary preconditi

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Aranguiz, Ane. "A New Wave of Solidarity in a Sea of Economic Interests: Can the Pillar Sail in the Asymmetric Tides Between the Internal Market and the Social Dimension of the EU?" Ljubljana Law Review 80, no. 2 (2020): 17–40. https://doi.org/10.51940/2020.2.17-40.

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A decade after the game-changing cases of Viking and Laval where the European Court of Justice (ECJ) decided in favour of the freedom to provide services and establishment over the right to collective action, the Commission launched the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR), which could be key in reversing the damages that these cases caused to social protection in the EU. Viking and Laval symbolised the imbalances between the (mostly) national social systems and the EU-wide internal market. These cases and the following jurisprudence added to the relative weakness of the EU’s social dimensi

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Ezeomedo, Amaka P., Nwabueze I. Igu, and Samuel O. Iheukwumere. "Assessment of Species-Based Ecosystem Services and Its Usefulness in Forest-Savanna Ecological Zone." Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International 28, no. 10 (2024): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2024/v28i10823.

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Forest ecosystems are the main species rich ecosystem on earth, having a significant role in the provision of massive benefits to the populace who depended on them for sustenance. This study aimed at assessing the forest provisioning ecosystem service and use in Ihiala Local Government Area of Anambra State, Nigeria. The objectives of this study include the identification of forest provisioning ecosystem services and their uses, people’s dependence for livelihood and quantity of ecosystem services supplied by community forests. Stratified sampling technique was used to select 8 sampled communi

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Risqiana, Risqiana, Jessenia Hayfa, Rizky Rani, and Sheren Regina Wungkana. "Implementation of Data Protection Authority (DPA) in Indonesia: The Urgency of Legal Protection of Customer's Personal Data in E-Banking Service Transactions." Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial 5, no. 1 (2024): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/sosial.v5i1.2375.

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The development of science and technology has led to significant changes, shifting global supply chains into the digital and virtual realm. One of the technological advancements that offers new business opportunities, particularly in the banking sector, is e-banking, which transforms the way transactions are conducted, making them cashless. However, substantial progress in digital banking technology also brings high risks, encompassing both tangible and intangible losses, significantly if customer rights are weakened due to the bank's violations. Currently, the ITE Law and the Personal Data Pr

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Üniversitesi AVRUPA TOPLULUĞU ENSTİTÜSÜ, Marmara. "FREEDOM TO PROVIDE SERVICES." Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Topluluğu Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 2, no. 1&2 (2015): 168–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/mjes.362.

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Nezhyva, O. "FUTUROLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS OF THE NEW UKRAINIAN EDUCATIONAL POLICY." Zhytomyr Ivan Franko state university journal. Рedagogical sciences, no. 2(109) (October 19, 2022): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/pedagogy.2(109).2022.16-28.

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The article considers the peculiarities of futurological explications of the new educational policy in Ukraine. It also shows the existing contradictions in the development of the state education policy of Ukraine and the importance for transitive societies of its formation on a democratic basis, actualizing the development and implementation of the policy of reforming the national education system. At the same time, the peculiarities of the formation and development of the Soviet and European education system are analyzed. Each of them has certain advantages and disadvantages. The article not

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Capriglione, Francesco. "Freedom of Establishment and Provision of Services." European Business Law Review 15, Issue 3 (2004): 447–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eulr2004026.

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Svitlenko, Serhii. "Perpetuation of Taras Shevchenko's memory in the Ukrainian national movement of the Dnieper region at the beginning of the XX century." Grani 24, no. 3 (2021): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/172128.

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The relevance of this topic is seen in the fact that its study provides an opportunity to deepen the understanding of the underdeveloped problem of perpetuating the historical memory of Taras Shevchenko – a symbol of the Ukrainian nation's struggle for social and national freedom as an important factor in opposing the imperial regime. Tsarism by methods of ideological, gendarmerie-police, censorship pressure in every way prevented the activation of conscious Ukrainians in the early twentieth century. The aim of the study is to study the perpetuation of the memory of Taras Shevchenko in the Ukr

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