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Journal articles on the topic 'Freedom of the soil'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Polanen, Tim van. "Snak, Claas and Bastiaan’s Struggle for Freedom." BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 136, no. 1 (2021): 33–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/bmgn-lchr.10746.

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In the Dutch Republic slavery was not permitted on its soil in Western Europe. Enslaved people obtained their freedom by setting foot on Dutch soil. In 1776, the scope of this free soil principle was limited by a statute of the States General. From this moment onwards only slaves who remained in the Republic for longer than six months would automatically become free. In the literature, it was hitherto assumed that with the establishment of this statute the first debates about the scope of the free soil principle were initiated. This article demonstrates that this assumption is false. Previousl

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2

Ahn, Seongnoh, Gun Park, Hyungchul Yoon, Jae-Hyeok Han, and Jongwon Jung. "Evaluation of Soil–Structure Interaction in Structure Models via Shaking Table Test." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (2021): 4995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094995.

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Modeling the soil–structure interaction (SSI) in seismic design involves the use of soil response curves for single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) structures; however, real structures have multiple degrees of freedom (MDOF). In this study, shaking-table-derived p-y curves for SDOF and MDOF superstructures were compared using numerical analysis. It was found that an MDOF structure experienced less displacement than an SDOF structure of the same weight, but the effect of increasing the DOF decreased at greater pile depths. Numerical analysis results estimated using the natural periods and mass partici

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3

Oleka, Ikechukwu J., Edmund E. Nkwocha, Cosmas C. Uche, and Ezinwanneamaka A. Oleka-John. "EFFECT OF DRILLING MUD ON SOIL QUALITY: A CASE STUDY OF UMUSOYA OYIGBO NORTH-FIELD SPDC." Journal CleanWAS 8, no. 1 (2024): 17–20. https://doi.org/10.26480/jcleanwas.01.2024.17.20.

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The study aims to analyze the effect of drilling mud on soil quality through the determination of the concentrations of selected physiochemical properties on soils. The period of sampling and analysis was between July and October. Soil samples from the dump sites and the control sites were physiochemically analyzed using Gas Chromatography, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) for polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals etc. respectively. The result of the analysis performed (using ANOVA) shows that there is significant variation in the mean of all the physiochemical parameters

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4

Min, Kyung-Kuk. "Why John Rawls’Theory of Liberty Neglected Economic Freedom." Korea Public Choice Association 2, no. 1 (2023): 33–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55795/jpc.2023.2.1.033.

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Even those who value political and civil liberties tend to ignore, or at least downplay, economic liberties. Among the modern philosophers who represent such a trend, the representative figure is John Rawls. He neglected the freedom to own the means of production and the freedom to contract as essential freedoms of a market society, on the grounds that they could not be conditions for developing and exercising “moral capacities”. In the just world he envisioned, extensive economic freedom is not allowed. The purpose of this article is to show, firstly, that severe restrictions on economi

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5

Sudarsono, Untung, and G. Hasibuan. "Engineering Geological Characteristics of the Residual Soil, Lower Quaternary Sediments in Kertajati Region, Majalengka, West Java." Indonesian Journal on Geoscience 6, no. 3 (2011): 177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.6.3.177-189.

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DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v6i3.125Only few engineering geological researches on residual soil have been conducted in Indonesia, whereas many infrastructure projects take place on undulating area and mountainous area which are composed of residual soils. The paper discusses residual soil characteristics of the Lower Quaternary sediment (Qos) in Kertajati area, Majalengka. The methodology of the research consists of engineering geological mapping, in situ test using 2.5 ton penetrometer, sampling and laboratory test for index properties, Atterberg limits, grain size analysis, and strength tests. Field

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6

Gracheva, R. G. "Genetic and substantive soil classifications and their applicability in geobotanical research." Plant Biology and Horticulture: theory, innovation, no. 149 (December 10, 2019): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36305/0201-7997-2019-149-55-64.

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The first soil classifications dividing soils according to their individual properties and reflecting the resource value of soils were, in fact, substantive classifications. The appearance of soil science that studies soils as special natural bodies changing in space according to natural laws has led to the emergence of genetic soil classifications. The most detailed multilevel Classification of soils of the USSR (1977) is ecological genetic classification based on the relationship between soils and soil formation conditions, where the type of vegetation cover is the top hierarchy level. With

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7

Wang, Feng, Xin Le Li, and Ting Hua Yi. "Energy Response Spectra of Single-Mass Bi-Degrees of Freedom Systems for Hard Soil Site." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 1620–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.1620.

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The traditional energy response spectra depend on the single-directional earthquake excitations and two dimensional dynamic analyses, in which the imbalance and coupled characteristics of multi-dimensional responses of structures are not considered. So, the energy spectra of constant ductility facotors are developed by considering the single-mass bi-degrees of freedom systems subjected to perpendicular bi-directional earthquake motions. The restoring force rule of single-mass bi-degrees of freedom systems is assumed as two dimensional yield-surface plasticity function. The relative energy spec

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8

Ganjavi, Behnoud, Hong Hao, and Iman Hajirasouliha. "Influence of Higher Modes on Strength and Ductility Demands of Soil–Structure Systems." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 10, no. 04 (2016): 1650006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431116500068.

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Due to the inherent complexity, the common approach in analyzing nonlinear response of structures with soil–structure interaction (SSI) in current seismic provisions is based on equivalent Single Degree-of-Freedom systems (E-SDOF). This paper aims to study the influence of higher modes on the seismic response of SSI systems by performing intensive parametric analyses on more than 6400 linear and non-linear Multi Degree-of-Freedom (MDOF) and E-SDOF systems subjected to 21 earthquake records. An established soil-shallow foundation-structure model with equivalent linear soil behavior and nonlinea

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9

B R Shilpa, Dr G Narayana, Dr B K Narendra. "The Behaviour of Building Frames on Raft Foundation using Dynamic Analysis." Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology 44, no. 6 (2024): 4008–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i6.4362.

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When designing building frames for seismic reasons, the effect of soil flexibility is typically disregarded, and the design is executed using the outcomes of dynamic analysis with a fixed base condition. Because the overall lateral stiffness of the structure decreases as a result of soil flexibility, the lateral natural period lengthens. The building frames situated on the Raft foundation may experience a significant change in seismic response due to this extension of the lateral natural period (T). Therefore, it is imperative to consider the soil's flexibility, also known as soil structure in

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10

Jiang, Kai Yu, Jing Cao, Lei Peng, and Ming Ming Chen. "The Deformation Character of Retaining Wall under Horizontal Earthquake." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 1443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.1443.

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The soil pressure can be influenced by the deformation of retaining wall because of the interaction of wall and soil. The dynamic soil pressure and plastic bottom displacement induced by earthquake action will subsequently result the deformation of the wall. The dynamic soil pressure will vary with the wall deformation and, on the other hand, change the deformation of the wall. The wall under lateral earthquake is assumed to be a single freedom system, thus only one deformation mode is considered in this paper. Based on this assumption, the differential equation of wall-soil dynamic interactio

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11

Du, DS, SG Wang, WQ Liu, S. Shi, CP Lee, and Jun Xu. "Modal property of base-isolated high-rise structure considering soil–structure interaction effect." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 10, no. 12 (2018): 168781401880380. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814018803808.

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A simplified methodology is rigorously studied in this article to analyze the modal properties of base-isolated high-rise structures with dynamic soil–structure interaction being considered. The proposed methodology is developed based on a more reasonable 2-degree-of-freedom model and the existing simplified methodology which is only applicable for non-isolated structures. The base-isolated structure model with 2 degrees of freedom is supported by swaying and rocking springs and by the corresponding dashpots. Rigorous mathematical derivation is performed, and closed-form formulas of natural pe

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12

Wang, Zan Zhi, and Lin Yan Jiang. "Free-Field Surface Ground Motion Properties of Stratified Soils." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 3893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.3893.

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In earthquake engineering, the conventional wave motion analyses usually took the subsoil as only one layered soil, and treated the subsoil by using a single freedom system model. Moreover, these methods were often adopted in time domain. In fact, the subsoil are usually stratified due to its forming in different ages, so there exist multiple interfaces which leads to multiple repeated tracings of reflecting and refracting waves in time domain analysis. To avoid the difficulties, a frequency domain analysis method is carried out for linear soil system in this paper, which allows combining all

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13

Chen, Cheng-Hsing, and Shuh-Hua Yang. "Use of Simple Model to Predict the Forced Vibration Responses of Hualien Model Structure." Journal of Mechanics 15, no. 3 (1999): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s172771910000040x.

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AbstractThis paper uses a simple model, the lumped single-degree-of-freedom system on rigid mat foundation, to investigate the effects of soil-structure interaction on the dynamic response of a soil-structure system. Based on that, the key parameters affecting the natural frequency of a soil-structure system can be easily identified and be used to assess the effects of soil-structure interaction. Accordingly, it was used to simulate the dynamic response of the forced vibration tests conducted at Hualien, Taiwan. Results obtained show that the simple model can predict the field responses very s

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14

Moustafa, Kamal A. F., and M. El-Gebeily. "Free Vibration Characteristics of Structures With Nonlinear Underlying Soil." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 113, no. 1 (1991): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930161.

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Free vibration of structures is investigated by using a multidegree of freedom nonlinear model that allows for nonlinear behavior of the soil underlying the structure. The considered nonlinearity is due to the dependence of the soil shear modulus on vibration levels. The soil-structure interaction is modelled as nonlinear complex stiffness. The analysis is carried out by using mathematical perturbation theory. Modifications in the natural frequencies and existence of harmonics are demonstrated. The results are applied to an application example of massive deep water gravity structure.

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15

Morgun, Alla, and Tian Zhengfen. "BEARING CAPACITY OF DRILLING PILLS ON SAVED SOILS BY NUMERICAL METHOD OF BOUNDARY ELEMENTS." Modern technology, materials and design in construction 36, no. 1 (2024): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/2311-1429-2024-1-86-90.

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Currently, bored piles are used on large strata of loess subsidence soils. Large diameter bored piles make it relatively easy to cut significant thicknesses of subsidence soils, dig deeper into stronger soils and transfer loads from the structure to them, and build foundations at any time of the year. The topic of the work is devoted to the topical problem of foundation construction and soil mechanics - elastic-plastic modeling of joint work of the system "soil base - brown pile" to determine the bearing capacity of the foundation to ensure stability and low subsidence of the structure, thus a

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16

M, Prasanna Kumar. "Force and Settlement Characteristics of an Embankment on Soft Consolidating Soil with Lime Columns." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 3 (2020): 1771–73. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.C4709.029320.

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Embankment supported on soft soil with lime column is analyzed. The lime column is modeled using a two noded plane frame element with three degrees of freedom (DOF) (two transnational and one rotational), whereas the soil stress- strain behavior is presumed to be non-lining and modeled by a Cam-Clay model. The properties of lime column is obtained from a stress- strain curve obtained from a laboratory test. It is concluded from the study that addition of lime column in soft soil reduces the settlement after the construction.

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17

Sule, Ibrahim. "From Freedom of Expression to Freedom of Speech – the Guarantees under the Nigerian Constitution and the Real Challenges." American Journal of Law 4, no. 1 (2022): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47672/ajl.1207.

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Right to freedom of expression is one of the globally recognized fundamental rights guaranteed and protected in many international human rights conventions, charters and other international and regional treaties and instruments. In Nigeria, the right has always been given recognision and specifically provided for in all the Nigeria’s constitutions, including the colonial and pre-independence. Even under the constitutional arrangements under the military governments, the said right is given recognition. Under the 1999 Constitution of Federal republic of Nigeria, the said right has also been pre

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18

Ren, Jun, Koichi Morita, and Ji Shun Pan. "Structure Observation & Identification Considering Soil-Structure Interaction of Story Stiffness and Damping Ratio of 8-Story Steel Encased Reinforce Concrete Structure by Microtremor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1399.

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In this article, the authors identify the one built in 1998, eight-story structure of steel reinforced concrete body dynamic parameters, and discussed the soil - structure interaction on the identification results.In this study, an 8 degrees of freedom analytical model and the impact analysis model of soil-structure interaction to be established; through the analysis of microseismic observations, using non-parametric (transfer function and Random Decrement method) and parameter techniques (off-line system identification method, ARX :Auto-Regression with eXtra input) to identify the structure o

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19

Khamesi, Seyed Omid, and Seyed Majdeddin Mir Mohammad Hosseini. "Numerical Study of Shallow Rocking Foundations Under Seismic Excitation and Lateral Monotonic Loadings." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 1 (2025): 44–54. https://doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2025-0005.

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Abstract Recent studies have shown that the rocking of foundations and the yielding of soil can decrease the load transmission to a superstructure during earthquakes. However, more investigations should be carried out to make this design philosophy a practical solution among seismic engineers. The research presented applies the finite element method to study the response of single-degree-of-freedom systems constructed on soils of medium density with rocking foundations prone to lateral monotonic and ground motion loadings. Various dynamic analyses were performed in order to explore the role of

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20

Di Egidio, Angelo, and Alessandro Contento. "Seismic Benefits of a Vibrating Mass Equipped with an Inerter on Frame Structures Due to Soil Interaction." Applied Sciences 14, no. 23 (2024): 11156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app142311156.

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The reduction of the seismic effects on new and existing structures is a relevant topic of the structural mechanics applied to the civil engineering. Usually, the conceptual aspects related to a new approach are studied by means of low-dimensional mechanical models able to capture the main dynamic aspects of the method. The present paper can be framed in this context. Specifically, the paper investigates the possibility of reducing the seismic response of a frame structure by using a vibrating mass connected to an inerter device, which interacts through the soil to protect the structure. The p

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21

Stephenson, W. R. "Observation of a directed resonance in soil driven by transverse rock motion." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 22, no. 2 (1989): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.22.2.81-89.

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One component of horizontal ground acceleration recorded on flexible soil during the 1968 November 1 Cook strait earthquake is shown to be well modelled as a single degree of freedom oscillator excited by the recorded component of transverse acceleration in nearby bed rock. This is shown to be consistent with the cellular resonant mode hypothesis of seismic response of flexible soil. The mechanical oscillator is identified as a layer of fine-grained, post-glacial alluvium of approximately 20 m thickness.

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22

Fernandez-Davila, Victor I., and Arnold R. Mendo. "Damping modification factors for the design of seismic isolation systems in Peru." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 4 (2020): 2058–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293020926189.

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This study proposed a simple nonlinear equation to estimate damping modification factors (DMFs) to modify the elastic response spectral values for damping ratios between 10% and 50%. The DMFs are computed from the displacement, acceleration, and velocity response spectral of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems of 198 earthquake acceleration time histories from 40 earthquakes events of Peruvian database, grouped into three types of soil: hard soil, intermediate soil, and soft soil. For each soil group, 11 scaled records were selected according to the ASCE 7-16 standard to match the design s

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23

Rong, Yao, Yang Sun, LiQing Zhu, and Xiao Xiao. "Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Dynamic Problems by Using a New Numerical Method." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (May 4, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5555575.

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The problems of the consolidation of saturated soil under dynamic loading are very complex. At present, numerical methods are widely used in the research. However, some traditional methods, such as the finite element method, involve more degrees of freedom, resulting in low computational efficiency. In this paper, the scaled boundary element method (SBFEM) is used to analyze the displacement and pore pressure response of saturated soil due to consolidation under dynamic load. The partial differential equations of linear problems are transformed into ordinary differential equations and solved a

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24

Kodanda Rama Rao, P., S. R. K. Reddy, AHL Swaroop, and K. Nagarjuna. "Seismic behavior of existing elevated water tanks resting on different type of foundations." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 982, no. 1 (2022): 012082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/982/1/012082.

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Abstract It has been well recognized that heavy structures built on soft soils, experience significant impact on seismic response, because of considerable foundation movements and hence, the effect of Soil-Structure-Interaction (SSI) can be a major factor while analyzing important structures like; nuclear power plants, elevated water tanks, chimneys, etc. against seismic forces. In general, elevated water tanks that were constructed on different type of soils in seismic regions, prior to the revision of seismic codes, must be checked on behavior and safety of such structures against earthquake

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25

S, Janani. "In Bharathi's Dream Vision, Women's Liberation and Soil Liberation." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-11 (2022): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt224s117.

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An unparalleled poet of the 20th century, Bharathi was not only a progressive thinker but also a foreteller of future events. The former President of India, Abdul Kalam, said about dreams, "Dream! That dream is not the dream you see in your sleep. It's an ideal dream that keeps you awake." It is no exaggeration to say that Bharti dreamt of such an ideal many years before Kalam. Yes, India will be liberated anyway; we shall have breathed and swayed the air of liberation! Bharathi, who already knew that we have achieved blissful freedom by singing and dancing, it was Bharathi who sang the libera

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26

Sakharov, Volodymyr O. "Dynamic Reductions for the Nonlinear Soil-Foundation-Structure System Interactions." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 28, no. 1 (2018): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2018-0012.

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Abstract The article presents new dynamic superelements for DOF (degrees of freedom) reduction. Proposed spectral superelements (SES) are based on the method of normal coordinates. The developed superelements with basis nodes (SEB) for the inhomogeneous systems are also shown. Proposed superelements ensure to obtain the diagonal matrix of masses which allow to use the efficiency of explicit method. The results of nonlinear analysis using proposed reduction method for the group of high-rise building are presented. The calculations were performed by explicit method with the help of Automated Sys

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27

Padilla, Francisco, and Pierre Gélinas. "Un modèle pour l'infiltration dans les sols gelés tenant compte de la qualité de l'eau." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 2 (1988): 263–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-034.

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The infiltration of water in frozen soils is solved using finite element methods for the numerical solution of water flow, heat, and solute transport in one dimension. These equations are coupled for the solution of Stefan's problem for different conditions of ice in soils. The degrees of freedom of this problem are soil temperature, water pressure, and solute concentration. A model is proposed to simulate the presence and formation of ice lenses in unsaturated and saturated soils. Early results are very promising when compared to analytical solutions.Two extreme cases are considered in applic

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28

Kapoor, Rajni, and Nimai Das. "A Pragmatic Study for Enhancing Agricultural Efficiency through Labor Freedom." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development 11, no. 4 (2021): 279–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.ajard.2021.114.279.290.

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The study aims to explore labor freedom in the agricultural sector for enhancing the efficiency of farming through policy change towards assigning property rights, rental contracts, and better wage-employment options to rural workers. Labor freedom emphasizes land reform and development policy for improving the economic status and capabilities of rural workers. The paper assessed the labor freedom index, weighted through agricultural property rights, labor wage contracts, and rural development policy. Data envelopment analysis is used to assess farm-level efficiency under the framework of Tobi

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29

Eng Giap, Sunny Goh, Khairul Ikhwan Mohd Jamalludin, Mohammad Fadhli Ahmad, Jamilah Mohd Salim, and Rudiyanto. "Factors Affecting Water Vapor Flow in the Soil." Journal of Soil, Environment & Agroecology 1, no. 1 (2024): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/sea.1.1.4655.

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Soil water vapor movement carries mass of water and its bulk quantity in motion carries a specific amount of energy. The moment when water molecules obtain enough energy to release themselves from liquid surface, it involves phase transition from liquid to gas phase. The energy required for its release or freedom must be sourced from some energy source in the soil. The energy can come from the soil, water, or gas phase in the immediate surrounding. As such, the water phase transition into gas phase absorbs energy and causes temperature variation. Since vapor carries a significant amount of ene

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Eng Giap, Sunny Goh, Mohammad Fadhli Ahmad, Khairul Ikhwan Mohd Jamalludin, Jamilah Mohd Salim, and Rudiyanto. "Factors Affecting Water Vapor Flow in the Soil." Journal of Soil, Environment & Agroecology 1, no. 1 (2025): 46–55. https://doi.org/10.37934/sea/1.1.4655a.

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Soil water vapor movement carries mass of water and its bulk quantity in motion carries a specific amount of energy. The moment when water molecules obtain enough energy to release themselves from liquid surface, it involves phase transition from liquid to gas phase. The energy required for its release or freedom must be sourced from some energy source in the soil. The energy can come from the soil, water, or gas phase in the immediate surrounding. As such, the water phase transition into gas phase absorbs energy and causes temperature variation. Since vapor carries a significant amount of ene

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Boulkhiout, Radhwane, and Salah Messast. "Calculating the Dynamic Impedances of Foundations and their Effect on the Seismic Response of Structures: Analytical and Numerical Study." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 31, no. 2 (2021): 178–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2021-0026.

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Abstract This study evaluates the movement of a frame built on soft soil under seismic excitation taking into account soil-structure interaction. First, the study was evaluated using the finite element method, then, by using a substructure method which modelled the soil using springs and dampers in a linear and nonlinear study. Rheological models were determined using impedance functions, calculated using a numerical program CONAN. These dynamic impedances are shown in the displacement vector of a three-degrees-of-freedom frame, which was calculated on the basis of lateral forces distributed o

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Rahman, S. M. Tahmidur. "Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Lumped Soil Mass Model against Seismic Loading." Saudi Journal of Civil Engineering 7, no. 08 (2023): 158–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sjce.2023.v07i08.001.

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Soil yielding mechanisms and seismic load responses are the key areas of study. The true behavior of soil is revealed by nonlinear analysis. A clump of dirt is used for the analysis. In this study, the Finite Element Model (FEM) forms the basis for the mathematical formulas. Soil analysis in the case of a lumped mass takes into account the soil's one DOF, two DOF, and multi DOF degrees of freedom. In order to determine soil characteristics for MDOF, a soil bore log must be employed. In the instance of MDOF, the soil is composed of 12 distinct layers. SAP 2000 is used to conduct a nonlinear tim

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Gerkus, Hande, Ying Lai, Asitha Senanayake, et al. "Measuring Six-Degree-of-Freedom Movements of Buried Objects in Soil Using a Magnetometer." Geotechnical Testing Journal 42, no. 6 (2018): 20170328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj20170328.

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Mkandawire, Elina. "Evaluation of Traditional and Modernized Pest Control Methods Used by Smallholder Farmers in Malawi." Current Agriculture Research Journal 5, no. 1 (2017): 06–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/carj.5.1.02.

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In order to compare the environmental performance of the existing pest control methods used by Malawian smallholder farmers a study was conducted to assess the environmental performance of two pest control methods used in cultivation of tomatoes (traditional pest control method vs. modernized pest control method). The study was conducted in two gardens, a farm using traditional pest control methods (Tikondwe Freedom Gardens) and another farm using modernized pest control techniques (Mgwirizano Farm Produce Club). The soil and tomato samples were analyzed, by liquid chromatography–mass spectrom

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35

Murray, Hannah-Rose. "“The Black People’s Side of the Story”: The Historical and Transatlantic Roots of the Movement for Black Lives." African American Review 56, no. 1 (2023): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/afa.2023.a903595.

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Abstract: Black freedom fighters have always been at the forefront pushing the United States to accept the ideals it was founded on and were—are—unrelenting in their groundbreaking campaigns for abolition, equality, and social justice. In this article, I argue that to add nuance and a greater understanding to the philosophies developed by such freedom fighters, it is necessary to evaluate the transatlantic connections between the United States and Britain. Complicating and expanding their calls for antiracism and anti-oppression, Black activists have gained an alternative international perspec

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Sameti, Amir Rezaei, and Mohammad Ali Ghannad. "Equivalent Linear Model for Existing Soil-Structure Systems." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 16, no. 02 (2016): 1450099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455414500990.

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The concept of equivalent linearization is extended for the soil-structure systems, in which the strength ratio (defined as the ratio of the yielding strength to the elastic strength demand) is known rather than the ductility ratio. The nonlinear soil-structure system is replaced by a linear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system, which can capture the response of the actual system with sufficient accuracy. The dynamic characteristics of the equivalent linear SDOF system are determined through a statistical approach. The super-structure is modeled by an inelastic SDOF system with bilinear beha

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Carneiro, David, Zohre Kabirian, Pieter Reumers, Geert Lombaert, and Geert Degrande. "Vibration mitigation using seismic metamaterials on layered soil." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2647, no. 20 (2024): 202008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2647/20/202008.

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Abstract This paper investigates how the soil profile affects the vibration mitigation performance of seismic metamaterials in a wide frequency band (1 – 80 Hz). A 3D coupled finite element - boundary element (FE-BE) model with an efficient substructuring method is developed to analyze the vibration reduction performance of seismic metamaterials on top of a layered soil. Resonators are modeled as single degree of freedom systems on top of square concrete surface foundations. The response of uniform and graded metasurfaces on a homogeneous and layered halfspace due to harmonic point load are co

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Fang, Liang, and Qi Fang Wang. "Frequency Domain Analysis of Multi-Degree of Freedom in Series Model SSI Effect with Translation and Rotation Input." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1457.

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Based on the multi-degree of freedom in series model, structural displacement amplitude formula is derived in the frequency domain under the translation-rotation input situation, this formula indicates that the soil - structure interaction (SSI) could be considered as adding a correction term M˜ to the mass matrix of the structure with the hypothesis of Rigid foundation. This corrected mass matrix is actually a complex matrix, which related to the input frequency and damping. Equivalent translation-rotation input is coupled with two translation input components U* and Θ*. Besides, we uses case

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Rahman, S. M. Tahmidur. "Seismic Analysis of the Soil Behavior and Titling of the Building." Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology 11, no. 10 (2023): 239–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjet.2023.v11i10.002.

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The mechanism of this yielding and its behavior under seismic loading of soil are the primary focus of this investigation. Nonlinear analysis is taken into account to see the real behavior of soil. In order to analyze soil, we employ both its solid mass and its lumped mass. In this study, the Finite Element Model (FEM) forms the basis for the mathematical formulas. Soil analysis in the case of a lumped mass takes into account the soil's one DOF, two DOF, and multi DOF degrees of freedom. In order to determine soil characteristics for MDOF, a soil bore log must be employed. In the instance of M

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Dong, Qiguang, Jichang Han, Na Lei, et al. "Temporal and spatial variation of soil moisture of small watershed in gully catchment of the Loess Plateau of China." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911801009.

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The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil moisture in typical slope and gully of Jiulongquangou small watershed were studied in the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau of China. The variation of soil moisture in the 0-30 cm layer on the surface of the hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau is greater than the variation of soil moisture in each layer between 40 and 100 cm. In the study area, the model parameters such as coefficient of variation (Cv), nugget (C0), sill (C0+C), spatial degrees of freedom(C0/(C+C0)) and variable change can be used to quantitative anal

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Han, Zejun, Mi Zhou, Xiaowen Zhou, and Linqing Yang. "Dynamic Response of 3D Surface/Embedded Rigid Foundations of Arbitrary Shapes on Multi-Layered Soils in Time Domain." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 19, no. 09 (2019): 1950106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455419501062.

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Significant differences between the predicted and measured dynamic response of 3D rigid foundations on multi-layered soils in the time domain were identified due to the existence of uncertainties, which makes the issue a complicated one. In this study, a numerical method was developed to determine the dynamic responses of 3D rigid surfaces and embedded foundations of arbitrary shapes that are bonded to a multi-layered soil in the time domain. First, the dynamic stiffness matrices of the rigid foundations in the frequency domain are calculated via integral domain transformation. Secondly, a dyn

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Beaman, Lori G. "Battles Over Symbols: The “Religion” of the Minority Versus the “Culture” of the Majority." Journal of Law and Religion 28, no. 1 (2013): 67–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0748081400000242.

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Moreover, with the benefit of hindsight, it is easy to identify in the constant central core of Christian faith, despite the inquisition, despite anti-Semitism and despite the crusades, the principles of human dignity, tolerance and freedom, including religious freedom, and therefore, in the last analysis, the foundations of the secular State.A European court should not be called upon to bankrupt centuries of European tradition. No court, certainly not this Court, should rob the Italians of part of their cultural personality.In March, 2011, after five years of working its way through various l

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Patchamatla, J. Rama Raju, and P. K. Emani. "Time Domain Implementation of Consistent Boundaries for Continuum Two-Dimensional Wave Propagation Problems Using ABAQUS User-Defined Elements." International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 7, no. 2 (2022): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2022.7.2.013.

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The present paper details the finite element implementation procedure for applying consistent boundaries for two-dimensional continuum soil-structure interaction systems. Consistent boundary conditions are ensured by applying rigorously calculated interaction forces at the truncated soil-structure interface. These calculations involve the evaluation of convolution integral on acceleration unit-impulse response functions for all boundary degrees of freedom for all time steps. The interactive or run-time evaluation of the interaction forces based on the past response history, is successfully car

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Karinski, Yuri S., Avraham N. Dancygier, and Aaron Chacha. "Evaluation of the contact pressure and response of a buried structure with a flat roof." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 43, no. 9 (2016): 830–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2016-0040.

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The paper presents a model to analyze the response of a buried structure to surface loading, which is based on a discrete-continuous concept, taking into consideration a possible variation of the soil arching coefficient with depth. The structure and the soil are represented by equivalent two degree of freedom and one-dimensional column system. The shear soil resistance is represented by a vertical friction traction that depends on the relative displacement between the column and the free field. At the bottom, the system is supported by a semi-infinite medium. An analytical solution for the mi

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Li, S., Q. Quan, De Wei Tang, S. Jiang, X. Hou, and Z. Deng. "Research on a Rotary-Percussive Coring Drill for Lunar Exploration." Applied Mechanics and Materials 233 (November 2012): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.233.297.

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China is launching the Chang'e project to send automated machine for acquiring the lunar soil and returning to the earth. Thus, we are trying to develop a kind of effective mechanism for the exploration mission of lunar soil coring. This paper presents a rotary-percussive coring drill which is a novel scheme for the deep surface soil acquirement. Two degrees of freedom are included in the proposed drill mechanism. Specifically-designed drill unit including auger and drill bit is employed to finish the coring of the simulant of lunar regolith. We have proposed a novel coring concept named soft-

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SAKAI, Kimitoshi, and Yoshitaka MURONO. "EQUIVALENT SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM METHOD FOR SOIL DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE MULTI-LAYERED GROUND." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. A1 (Structural Engineering & Earthquake Engineering (SE/EE)) 71, no. 3 (2015): 341–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejseee.71.341.

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KIMURA, Yukinobu, Kenji KAWANO, and Makoto KURIWAKI. "Seismic performance evaluation on multi-degrees-of-freedom structure system with dynamic soil-structure interaction." Journal of JAEE 3, no. 1 (2003): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5610/jaee.3.37.

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Sharonov, I. A., V. I. Kurdyumov, Yu M. Isaev, and V. V. Kurushin. "TO THE ISSUE OF SPECIFICATION OF THE IMPACT FORCE OF UNBALANCED TILLAGE ROLLER ON THE SOIL." Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy 212 (December 25, 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2021-4-13-18.

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Intensification of the process of soil compaction and structuring during sowing is possible on the basis of development of a new unbalanced tillage roller (UTR) equipped with disbalances rotating around the axis of a hollow cylinder. The rotation of disbalances leads to a change of the roller kinematic parameters and the nature of its impact on the soil. Having accepted the developed device as a material system with several degrees of freedom, we applied the Lagrange equation of the second kind to determine the kinematic parameters of the system, on the basis of which we obtained a system of s

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Amiri, Amir Mohammad, Ali Ghanbari, and Mahdi Derakhshandi. "An Analytical Model for Estimating the Vibration Frequency of Structures Located on the Pile Group in the Case of Floating Piles and End-bearing Pile." Civil Engineering Journal 4, no. 2 (2018): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-0309105.

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Exact estimation of vibration fundamental period of structures plays a vital role in their designing procedure. The proposition of a relatively exact expression which considers the effects of a pile group on the fundamental period of the structures was of less interest to previous researchers. This study aims to propose an analytical model and expression so as to estimate the free vibration period of the structures located on a pile group. To reach the objectives of this study, several numerical analyses has been carried out using the method of equivalent spring which takes into account the ef

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Sung, Yu-Chi, and Chieh-Cheng Chen. "Z-Transferred Discrete-Time Infinite Impulse Response Filter as Foundation–Soil Impedance Function for SDOF Dynamic Structural Response Considering Soil–Structure Interaction." Earthquake Spectra 35, no. 2 (2019): 1003–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/110117eqs225ep.

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This paper proposed a novel dynamic structural analysis of a single-degree-of-freedom system considering soil–structure interaction (SSI). The z-transferred discrete-time infinite impulse response filter serving as a foundation–soil impedance function to get a transfer function between the ground displacement and foundation shear was proposed first. The corresponding time history of the foundation shear caused by a specific input of ground displacement can be determined through the filter obtained, and the succeeding structural responses are then able to be found by the base force propagating

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