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MAT, ABDUL RAHMAN, and HUMAYRA AHMED. "Web-based Digital Agreement System for Freelancers: Case Study in Bangladesh." Trends in Undergraduate Research 4, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): c11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/tur.2753.2021.
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Nowadays, many people are interested in working as a freelancer because it gives opportunities to people to choose their work according to their convenience. Currently, the people of Bangladesh are using a bidding or direct booking system for buying and selling freelance services. There are very limited opportunities for freelancers to promote their work. Therefore, the purpose of the proposed system is to provide a platform where freelancers can promote their skills and at the same time customers can post job offers and create an agreement with the freelancer. This agreement will create a bridge between the customer and the freelancer. It is hoped that the proposed system will provide a more convenient way for freelancers in Bangladesh to promote their skills and find freelance jobs.
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Opait, Gabriela, Daniela Damian, and Alexandru Capatina. "Freelancer as an Entrepreneur: a Choice as Career Development." Marketing and Management of Innovations, no. 3 (2019): 327–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mmi.2019.3-25.
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Entrepreneurship starts to become a challenging option among freelancers worldwide. However, the low rate of entrepreneurship as a career choice among freelancers is due to peculiar factors. Turning freelance activities in sustainable businesses are considered a smart career pathway by many scholars and freelance practitioners. This article aims at revealing through a case study how a freelancer has been immersed into an entrepreneurial approach, his sources of income being influenced by this entrepreneurial mindset shift. This study computes the values of the adjusted informational energy based on inputs for distribution of incomes reported by a Romanian freelancer turned entrepreneur, emphasizing the time series revenues from freelancing, on the one hand, and entrepreneurship, on the other hand. The research is mainly focused on an econometric model, built on informational energy model, highlighting a peculiar decrease of the entropy, as the effect of the higher weights of the incomes from entrepreneurship. Building on mathematical modelling, this study presents an analysis framework that combines financial data and statistical analysis to examine the influence of revenues registered by a freelancer who accepted an entrepreneurial challenge as a second source of income. This study expands previous research by using Onicescu’s informational energy theory to a peculiar case of a freelancer turned entrepreneur. The strength of the adjusted informational energy modelling consists of revealing the added value of the statistical analysis and emphasizing the specific architecture of freelancer incomes’ influences on the adjusted informational energy. The findings of this research also outline motivation pillars for the freelancers who are willing to commit to entrepreneurial initiatives. Keywords: freelancing, entrepreneurship, informational energy, entropy, econometrics.
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Henia, Alifia Nurfajri, and Hipolitus Kristoforus Kewuel. "GUDUK KARYA SING NGURIPI AWAKMU: MELACAK IDENTITAS FREELANCER MUDA KREATIF DI KOTA MALANG." Kusa Lawa 2, no. 1 (May 25, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.kusalawa.2022.002.01.01.
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Guduk Karya Sing Nguripi Awakmu: TRACE YOUNG CREATIVE FREELANCER’S IDENTITY IN MALANG CITY. There are so many kinds of work that are chosen as activities in daily life. Even though work often revolves around receiving wages as a reciprocal relationship. However, the creative freelancer group sees from another perspective that there is room to dive deeper into the meaning of a job. Assessment of the appearance of a freelancer, of course, cannot be done with the naked eye, namely the need for an introduction to awareness and personal choice to live in tandem with the freelancer's work mode. This study uses an observation-participation approach with the principles of netnography, in-depth interviews, documentation and literature review. The author uses the theory of Work Anthropology from Sarah Wallman and the theory of Self from Ward Goodenough as the basis for the analysis of this research. This research is the process of how creative freelancers in Malang City build their identity as individuals and live collectively with others. From the city of Malang, creative freelancers describe an experience in following the trail of identity in the creative industry for anyone who is interested in sharpening their skills.
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Gupta, Varun, Jose Maria Fernandez-Crehuet, and Thomas Hanne. "Fostering Continuous Value Proposition Innovation through Freelancer Involvement in Software Startups: Insights from Multiple Case Studies." Sustainability 12, no. 21 (October 27, 2020): 8922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218922.
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[Context] The software startups could continuously innovate business model value proposition by involving freelancers as a source of innovative ideas (that enhance customer perceived value) and as experts for implementing the innovative ideas (by undertaking software engineering tasks). Startups employ one of three strategies for associating with freelancers i.e., task based (association ends with completion of the outsourced task), panel based (outsourcing task to a panel of freelancers associated with startup), or hybrid. Uncertainties, terminology issues, high technical debt, lack of documentation, lack of systematic decision making processes, lack of resources, lack of brand values, need for the continuous involvement of the freelancer to incorporate continuous validated learnings, merging freelancer perspectives, and deciding the level of their involvement in individual requirement engineering (or value proposition innovation) activities, are the main inhibitors for associations with freelancers. The availability of good freelancers and their long term and continuous commitments are necessary requirements for value proposition innovation. The theory about freelancer association with the software startups is extended by studying the real practices of startups, which successfully involved freelancers for value proposition innovation by capturing innovative ideas and acquiring the freelancer’s skills to implement those ideas. [Objectives] The objective of this paper is to explain the strategies adopted by the software startups to foster value proposition innovation by continuously involving the freelancers and the way they overcome the challenges arising because of the associations. The findings are driven by the study of real practices of startups that proved to be successful in the market by involving freelancers and continuous innovations leading to increased market shares. [Method] This paper performs empirical studies through case studies of three software startups located in Italy, France, and India, which are at the verge of being transforming into big companies, with large market share. The current practices highlighting the successful way of executing freelancing association strategies for value proposition innovation and the way to overcome the arising challenges are reported. The findings are also compared with those of two young startups based in Switzerland and India, to bring useful lessons for the young startups. The case study results are validated by employees from the studied startups (both those who participated in data collection and those who did not). [Results] The results indicate that freelancer involvement during value proposition activities, which is the core business operation, is beneficial to the both freelancers and the startups. Startup teams could reduce the development costs, shorten time to market, and increase customer satisfaction (by providing features addressing real market needs) by correctly involving the freelancers uniformly across value proposition activities. The startups could manage innovation with small teams (compared to human resources in companies) if done jointly with the freelancers, that helps the team members to learn new skills, upgrade their skills, and learn new perspectives about their markets. Business impacts due to freelancer involvement are stronger if the level of freelancer involvement across various value proposition activities is higher compared to their involvement across few activities only. The studied startups are not completely dependent on the freelancers but the freelancer’s perspectives and skills are valued as a rich source of market success. Freelancer involvement is taken as an opportunity to gain access to global market perspectives, which otherwise would be effortful for in-house teams to collect. In addition, they resolve technical debt, are a source of upgrading skills for undertaking future innovation, and help reaching customers for marketing (promoting product and gaining access to the feedbacks). Overall, the value proposition innovation in the studied startups have different levels of involvement of the freelancers but these startups have reported positive impacts on the business in terms of development cost reductions, shorten time to market, and high customer satisfaction (measured on early attainment of product/market fit and fast growth thereafter). The case study results are validated by the startup employees (member checking). The responses collected are analysed using box plots, which shows a higher level of result agreements among the employees.
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Lim, Jinho, Kwansik Na, and Seungcheon Kim. "A Study on Information Technology Freelancer Matching with Exploiting Blockchain in Gig Economy." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 18 (February 12, 2021): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2021.18.46.
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In this paper, we propose a freelancer matching of a recommended recruitment system in a situation in which the freelance type employment market defined by peer-to-peer transactions, mutual evaluation of freelancers and clients, time flexibility of service providers, and the use of service providers' tools and assets are expanding. In order to increase the reliability and accuracy of recommendation through reputation, we propose a reputation ranking technique for reputation system, which is a kind of personalized recommendation system, based on the blockchain technology. We propose a reputation system model suitable for recruitment matching service. We have aims to study the method of implicitly extracting user reputation information based on two factors suitable for word of mouth among information source reliability factors. In other words, this paper defines a method for automatically extracting two reliability factors of freelancers from past reputation information, and proposes a method for effectively predicting freelancer applicant’ reputation information using only the information of high-reliability evaluators.
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Widodo, Arif Siaha. "Peran Internet dalam Meningkatkan Jumlah Pekerja Lepas di Indonesia." Nyimak: Journal of Communication 3, no. 2 (September 26, 2019): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.31000/nyimak.v3i2.1811.
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Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi ikut mendorong perkembangan dalam berbagai bidang, tak terkceuali pada sektor perdagangan dan jasa. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari bermunculannya berbagai ecommerce dan marketplace di Indonesia selama satu dekade terakhir ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peran serta kontribusi internet dalam bidang jasa. Penelitian difokuskan kepada pekerja lepas (freelancer) yang tergabung dalam Projects.co.id, marketplace yang mempertemukan pihak pencari jasa dengan para freelancer. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif-kualitatif. Menggunakan metode studi kasus, teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Projects.co.id merupakan medium bagi freelancer di seluruh Indonesia untuk berkomunikasi dengan pemberi kerja; (2) Projects.co.id ikut mengubah persepsi freelancer terkait persepsi mereka sebagai pekerja lepas; (3) Pesatnya perkembangan internet mengubah bagaimana freelancer dan pemberi kerja dalam bertemu dan bertransaksi (cross border transaction) yang sudah tidak lagi terkendala jarak geografis.Kata Kunci: Internet, marketplace, pekerja lepas AbstractThe rapid development of information and communication technology has contributed to the development in various fields, including the trade and services sector. This can be seen from the emergence of ecommerce and marketplaces in Indonesia over past decade. The study focused on freelancers in Projects.co.id, a marketplace that brings together service seekers with freelancers. Using case study method, the data collection techniques use observation, interviews and literature studies. The results showed that (1) Projects.co.id is a medium for freelancers throughout Indonesia to be able to communicate with employers; (2) The presence of Projects.co.id has change the perception of freelancers regarding their perceptions as freelancers; (3) Rapid development of the internet has also changed how freelancers and employers meet and transact (cross border transactions) which no longer constrained by geographical distance. Keywords: Internet, marketplace, freelancer
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Barlage, Melody, Arjan van den Born, and Arjen van Witteloostuijn. "The needs of freelancers and the characteristics of ‘gigs’: Creating beneficial relations between freelancers and their hiring organizations." Emerald Open Research 1 (February 28, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/emeraldopenres.12928.1.
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More and more workers in Western economies are operating as freelancers in the so-called ‘gig economy’, moving from one project—or gig—to the next. A lively debate revolves around the question as to whether this new employment relationship is actually good for innovation in the 21st century economy. Proponents argue that in this gig process valuable knowledge is created and transferred from one organization to the next via freelancers through their sequence of temporary gigs or projects. Antagonists reason that freelancers are only hired as one-trick ponies on a transactional basis, where knowledge is neither created nor shared. In this study, we focus on the characteristics of gigs. Which project characteristics lead to increased engagement of freelancers, and hence to knowledge-sharing behavior? Our study suggests that the gig economy can indeed lead to increased knowledge sharing by and engagement of freelance workers, provided that organizations and freelancers structure and shape gigs in such a way that they: (1) not only suit the task requirements at hand and (2) fit with the acquired skills of the freelancer, but that these gigs also (3) leave ample of room for the freelancer’s individual growth and development of new skills. This suggests that innovative organizations will need to shape gigs in such a way that freelancers are not only hired for their expertise, but rather that gigs also provide a learning opportunity for freelancers.
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Rosenkranz, Tim. "From Contract to Speculation: New Relations of Work and Production in Freelance Travel Journalism." Work, Employment and Society 33, no. 4 (September 18, 2018): 613–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017018793344.
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This qualitative case study of travel journalism in the USA explores how freelancers produce on speculation because publications do not contractually guarantee pay or advanced resources for travel. Freelance travel journalists therefore experience their work as an investment into an uncertain return in an undefined future. This article shows how such speculation manifests itself as a new productive process and relations of organisational externalisation in lean capitalism. Examining the changing obligations between freelancers and publications without assignment-contracts, this study argues that speculation presents the obfuscation of production. It externalises the risks of production onto the freelancer; reduces organisational control over production; and changes occupational norms and practices.
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Nian, Tong, Liu Ye, Wang Yuhan, Gao Tao, and Chen JiaHui. "Research and Realization of the Background of Freelancer System." International Journal of Advanced Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing 8, no. 4 (October 2016): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijapuc.2016100101.
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With the popularity of the network and the popularity of computer office, the network to bring a lot of convenience, the traditional work in the network environment has undergone great changes, more and more people to join the ranks of freelancers. So freelancer system came into being, which is based on web pages, no dedicated client can provide services for users, users publish work information and access work becomes more convenient, and they can communicate accordingly, the system administrator to manage the release of job information, then to form a stable and convenient exchange of freelance trading system. It is welcomed by many users for its ease to use which based on web and B / S architecture and developed through the most popular SSH framework. This paper introduces the development of web-based freelance system, including the use of SSH framework, MYSQL database, Eclipse development environment, the feasibility analysis of the project needs analysis as well as the detailed realization of the relevant research on Witkey website.
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Globočnik Žunac, Ana, Sanja Zlatić, and Krešimir Buntak. "IMPACT OF SPECIFICITY OF BUSINESS AND ACTIVITY OF ORGANIZATION ON EMPLOYMENT OF FREELANCERS." SWS Journal of SOCIAL SCIENCES AND ART 1, no. 2 (November 21, 2019): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35603/ssa2019/issue2.04.
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Business operations in today's highly dynamic and changing environment require quick response and adaptation to new business conditions. In this context, the terms "outsourcing" and "freelancing" are emerging. Due to their characteristics and new approach in the business environment, they enable different concepts of organizing and creating new business models. This paper puts in focus the problem of freelance status in the labor market competition for a business engagement. It has the task of providing a scientific view of the opportunities offered to freelancers according to the attitudes of potential employers. From the standpoint of the employers in the Republic of Croatia, business practice has changed considerably from the previous emphasis on 'permanent employment' in the past decade to a more significant selection of outsourcing for specific jobs. Employees’ views are also noticeably changing, so a more significant selection of independence in some legal forms of employment can be observed. An exploration of the attitudes and experiences of the employers on the recruitment of freelancers for occasional or permanent jobs in various areas of activity was conducted. The fundamental question to which research has to answer is whether an employer will decide to hire a freelancer in specific jobs for which key knowledge or company information is needed. There are four variables are in focus: how employment of a freelancer depends on the activity the company is engaged, the market in which it operates, the size of the company and previous experience with hiring freelancers.
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Mahomodally, A. Fatwimah Humairaa, and Geerish Suddul. "An Enhanced Freelancer Management System with Machine Learning-based Hiring." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 9, no. 3 (January 1, 2022): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v9i3.4405.
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Existing Freelancer Management Systems are not being adequately efficient, inconveniencing to a certain degree the freelance workforce, which comprises around 1.1 billion freelancers globally. This paper thereby aims to resolve the impediments of similar existing systems. Pertaining to the methodology, qualitative analysis was adopted. Interviews, participant observation, interface analysis, workshop documents, research papers, books and articles were used to draw data about similar applications. A web application was implemented to fulfil the objectives by using WAMP as a local development server, Visual Studio Code as a source code editor, and HTML, PHP, Python, SQL, JavaScript and CSS as programming languages along with Ajax for requests-handling functionalities, and already available APIs, and jQuery and Python libraries. The contributions brought forth are providing a shortlist of the best-qualified freelancers for each project via Machine Learning technique, generating an automated invoice and payment as soon as an entrepreneur supplies a monetary figure when approving the deliverable of a project, and enabling freelancers to sign contracts electronically to comply with business terms on one centralised repository, unlike existing systems which do not support these 3 features together on the same platform. The multivariate regression model used for intelligent hiring performs satisfactorily by yielding a R2 of around 0.9993.
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Hulikal Muralidhar, Srihari, Sean Rintel, and Siddharth Suri. "Collaboration, Invisible Work, and The Costs of Macrotask Freelancing." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 6, CSCW2 (November 7, 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3555175.
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Online labour platforms promise efficient, low-friction matching of workers with clients at scale and on-demand. Prior studies on Upwork have shown that the combination of specialized knowledge and expertise, high autonomy, and extent of client-worker engagement makes macrotasks a unique category of 'on-demand' work. However, there is a need to unpack the nature of macrotask work from the freelancers' perspective. Based on a qualitative study of 21 freelancers on Upwork, this paper fills this important gap by delineating how freelancers reason about accomplishing macrotasks, their interaction with clients, the key challenges that they face in various stages of the work process, and the strategies they devise to mitigate the costs and overhead. This paper shows that freelancers perceive accomplishing macrotasks as a collaborative achievement with the client. It also demonstrates that the skill-intensive nature of tasks implies that matching freelancer with the task/client is of enormous importance. It describes three programmatic solutions that the platform offers to facilitate the matching process along with their benefits and limitations. It, then, shows how freelancers seek to minimize the costs and work associated with matching and collaboration through repeat hiring along the benefits they result in. Lastly, the paper highlights how the same set of core issues is mirrored for both the freelancer and client sides of the market, which need to be addressed in order to enhance the ease and effectiveness of client-freelancer collaboration.
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Nawaz, Zubair, Jing Zhang, Rafiq Mansoor, Saba Hafeez, and Aboobucker Ilmudeen. "Freelancers as Part-time Employees: Dimensions of FVP and FJS in E-Lancing Platforms." South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management 7, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 34–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2322093720908453.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the dimensions of Freelancer Value Proposition (FVP) and Freelancer Job Stress (FJS). This study provides insights about the factors which create value for freelancers and also sheds light on the factors which cause stress to freelancers while freelancing with the help of an online platform. Semi-structured interviews were conducted for data collection from freelancers. The grounded theory approach was used and data analysis follows the process of open coding, axial coding and themes formulation. Findings indicate that work-life balance value, developmental value, economic value, autonomy value, hedonistic value and social value are dimensions of FVP. Lack of role clarity, payment issues, time management issue, work availability issue, lack of perks and benefits and work rejections are dimensions of FJS. This study is the first effort to find out the dimensions of FVP and FJS, which will help to construct long-term relationship between freelancers and platform.
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Miller, Piotr. "Freelance Workers—Experiencing a Career Outside an Organization." Qualitative Sociology Review 16, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 90–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.16.4.06.
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This article focuses on the issues of everyday work as a self-employed, professional freelancer in Poland. The appearance of this specific category of workers on the labor market is connected with certain major changes on the economic, technological, and socio-cultural levels. The career of a freelancer is sometimes considered to be an antithesis of a corporate career. The key points are: working on one’s own, functioning outside the traditional organizational structures, HR management and supervision, promotion procedures, corporate career paths, et cetera. For a freelancer, the organization is not “an employer,” but rather “a client” or “a business partner.” The manager of the organization is not “his boss” and the employees are not his “colleagues.” As we can observe, most of the typical boundaries of a career are blurred here and that is one of the reasons why it arouses curiosity as an unusual phenomenon. The article aims to present a sociological perspective regarding the career of a freelancer in Poland. A framework of symbolic interactionism and grounded theory were applied to the author’s research (conducted in 2009-14) on which the article is based. Its first part focuses on the theoretical background and the methods that were used to collect and analyze data. The second part includes some of the author’s findings and conclusions on a freelance career from the interactionist perspective, as well as a discussion about the possible agreement and discrepancies between the author’s understanding of freelance against the widely discussed concept of precarity.
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Lobashev, V. D., A. A. Talykh, and N. P. Shablikova. "Organization of freelancers training to process economic information." SHS Web of Conferences 87 (2020): 00053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208700053.
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Hiring freelancers significantly reduces the general costs: economic costs – payment for just specific work done, hours of work – the contractor is interested in the fastest execution of the order, consumer costs – the freelancer is self-sustainable, energy costs – the contractor is interested in energy saving. The stream of processed economic information is changing its quality. The exchange of structured data itself, being externally organized by the freelancers’ efforts, significantly reduces operational (including transactional) costs.
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Haq, Naveed Ul, Ammar Aftab Raja, Safia Nosheen, and Muhammad Faisal Sajjad. "Determinants of client satisfaction in web development projects from freelance marketplaces." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 11, no. 3 (July 2, 2018): 583–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-02-2017-0017.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the major factors of client satisfaction (CS) that are critical for web development projects in freelance marketplaces. This quantitative study is done from the point of view of the web development services clients. Five major dimensions were proposed as determinants of CS from the literature review: ease of use, user interface, information, security and privacy. Design/methodology/approach A web-based survey methodology is used as the main data collection instrument. Statistical techniques such as confirmatory factor analysis and multiple linear regressions are used to analyze 162 responses of questionnaires. Findings The findings suggest that all factors do influence CS. In terms of strength, security had the highest level of impact on CS, so it is the strongest determinant among all factors. After security, ease of use and information are considered as strong determinants. So, this study concludes that the five major determinates do affect CS in web development projects from freelance marketplaces. Research limitations/implications This research is limited only to the top freelance marketplaces, such as Upwork, Freelancer, Fiverr, Guru, Envato Studio, etc. The sample size is relatively small and this study is focused on web development projects only. Moreover, this research is focused only on the characteristics or attributes of the projects final outcome, i.e. website. Practical implications This study attempts to identify the important factors that have a relation with CS, thus giving freelancers an indication of what to look for when working on any web development project posted by any client in a freelance marketplace. Understanding the determinants of CS will also help Pakistani information technology freelancers involved in web development projects and services to increase their project performance, improve their CS rate and increment client following. Originality/value This presents the first study on the determinants of CS in web development projects from freelance marketplaces.
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Gupta, Varun, Jose Maria Fernandez-Crehuet, and Thomas Hanne. "Freelancers in the Software Development Process: A Systematic Mapping Study." Processes 8, no. 10 (September 27, 2020): 1215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8101215.
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[Context] Freelancers could catalyze the software development process by providing their niche skills to generate high quality outputs. They could help companies (including startups) to foster innovations by suggesting creative ideas and providing their expertise in implementing them (for instance, designing solutions, coding solutions etc.). Freelancers could effectively and efficiently work as a virtual member of the software development team. The company must make informed decisions about which task to allot to the freelancer, which freelancer to select, pricing the task, and evaluating the submitted work. On the other hand, the freelancer should make an informed decision about evaluating the monetary value of the task to be charged, trusting the requester, analyzing the skills requirement of the task (finding matches between skill requirement and skills processed), selecting the best task, and maintaining the highest level of reputation. However, the literature does not provide freelancers and the companies the guidelines that support their decision making. However, if freelancers are selected carefully for the most suitable task, the companies will benefit a lot in terms of improved software development metrics. [Objectives] The objective of this paper is to provide the research community the research trends in freelancer-supported software development. This helps to understand that which software development areas have higher concentrations of research efforts, which area has the support of empirical evidence to support management decision makings, and which area requires the research attention. [Method] The systematic study is conducted by planning the mapping protocol, executing the protocol, and reporting the findings using various visualization tools like bar charts and pie charts. The search process was planned to be executed using set of inclusion and exclusion conditions on four bibliographic databases (IEEExplore, Springerlink, Sciencedirect, and ACM digital library). The relevant papers are selected by applying inclusion and exclusion conditions. The google citations of the relevant papers are subject to the inclusion and exclusion conditions again to include the more relevant papers. Finally, the systematic schema was created and populated after analyzing the studies abstracts. [Results] The results indicate the following (a) The research focus is on generic software development (78%) rather on individual life cycle activities. (b) The number of empirical studies is limited (25%). (c) A number of studies proposing solutions and evaluating on live cases in industrial settings are missing from the literature. This is in comparison to the validation approaches (72%) i.e., solutions tested in laboratory settings. (d) At present, the literature has limited ability to provide the software companies (including startups) with the guidelines (in the form of opinions and experience reports) for involving freelancers in the software development process. (e) The reported challenges include Collaboration and Coordination (33%), Developer Recommendation (or selection) (19%), Team Formulation (14%), Task Recommendation (allocation) (14%), Task Decomposition (11%), Privacy and Security (Confidentiality) (11%), Budget Estimation (8%), Recognition (8%), Trust Issues (8%), Market Dynamism (6%), Intellectual Property Issues (6%), Participation of Crowd Worker (6%), and Capacity Utilization (3%). These challenges are highly interactive, and each challenge impacts all other challenges. (e) Recent focus of the researchers (total 7 studies in 2019) is on generic software development handling the collaboration and coordination (3 studies out of 7), Developer recommendation (2 studies out of 7), and task recommendation (2 studies out of 7). [Conclusion] The freelancer-driven software engineering research area has got the attraction of the researchers, but it will take a long time to gain maturity. This puts an urgent call for more empirical studies and evaluation-based solution research that could help companies (including startups) to foster innovations. Further, the research focus should be well distributed among the various development phases to address the unique challenges associated with individual activities. The accurate management of the freelancer in the software development could help companies and startups to foster innovations and remain competitive in the marketplace.
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Koterlin, I. B., and A. T. Shtykh. "REGULATORY REGULATION OF NON-STANDARD EMPLOYMENT IN UKRAINE DUE TO THE EFFECTS OF PANDEMIC RESTRICTIONS." Actual problems of native jurisprudence 1, no. 1 (March 3, 2021): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/392115.
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The article is devoted to the study of the effects of pandemic restrictions on employment and attempts to regulate this situation. Until recently, remote employment was practically not represented in domestic legislation. However, the legislator was forced to pay attention to gaps in the legislation due to the growing number of employees working remotely. Their numbers have risen sharply due to the COVID-19 pandemic. After quarantine, many companies have seen the benefits of telecommuting and freelance, and there is reason to believe that this format will remain in demand. In Ukraine, the main reasons for the rapid spread of freelance are the desire of a very large proportion of employees already to find additional sources of income in connection with the coronary crisis, as well as – wider opportunities for first employment for students, higher earnings, freedom to choose time, place and form work, in general – wider opportunities for self-realization with a free work schedule. At the same time, due to the fact that today freelance is not provided by the current labor legislation of Ukraine, freelancers are actually in a legal vacuum, forced to either register as business entities or work illegally. Widespread non-standard employment is associated with the transition from forced labor, which was characteristic of industrial society, to free activity. The article examines such a category of non-standard employment as remote work and freelance, compares remote work and freelance activities. The differences between these concepts stem from the nature of the relationship: telework is equal to labor relations, and freelance belongs to the category of civil relations. The legal relations that arise when using remote work and freelance in a pandemic are analyzed. The organization of work of remote workers and freelancers differs significantly from the organization of work in traditional forms of employment of employees. The legal aspects of regulation of freelance and distance work in Ukraine and prospects for the development of such legal relations are studied. Based on the analyzed information, recommendations for effective public management of telework and freelance activities have been created. Key words: remote work, freelance, remote employee, freelancer, labor guarantees, labor agreement, employment guarantees, rights and obligations of employers.
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Hayes, Kathryn, and Henry Silke. "The Networked Freelancer?" Digital Journalism 6, no. 8 (September 14, 2018): 1018–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1505438.
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Conrad, Conrad Sebastian. "Freelancer als Auftragsverarbeiter?" Datenschutz und Datensicherheit - DuD 43, no. 3 (February 25, 2019): 134–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11623-019-1079-5.
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H., Florencia C., Jesslyn J., Tivany H., Gilbert V. T., Jeremy E. S. W., Elbert W., Joy C. F. N., and Christopher K. S. "Pengaruh Corona Terhadap Freelance Designer di Surabaya." Jurnal VICIDI 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37715/vicidi.v10i1.1938.
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This study aims to analyze the effect of corona on freelance designers in Surabaya. The effects caused by the coronavirus are many, including: panic buying, anxiety when traveling domestically and abroad, school schedules, lectures, and work becoming irregular and chaotic, some shops experiencing a decline in income, some workers being laid off, and of course this incident greatly affects businesses, including freelance designers. This study uses qualitative research methods, namely online interviews with several individuals who work as freelance designers. After doing research, it can be concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic does not have much effect on the sustainability of freelance designers. The results of these studies can be supported by existing research and theories.
Keywords: corona, pandemic, freelancer designer, business.
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Rezende, César Henrique Silva, Eduardo Camargo Aguiar, and Sonia Regina Vargas Mansano. "Corpo alugado: o trabalhador freelancer em uma economia flexível." Perspectivas Contemporâneas 16 (December 15, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54372/pc.2021.v16.3236.
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O corpo é historicamente atravessado por processos de subjetivação que vigoram diferentemente a cada tempo. Atualmente, ele tem se desenvolvido segundo os imperativos da racionalidade neoliberal, que é uma configuração específica do capitalismo proveniente de flexibilidade, com alto desempenho e produtividade. Nesse cenário, o sujeito tende a compreender aos valores capitalistas como naturais e indispensáveis para vida. Exemplo disso é o profissional denominado freelancer que atua sem garantias dos vínculos empregatícios e recebe por dia ou hora trabalhados. Capturado pelos valores disseminados pela racionalidade neoliberal, esse profissional se torna a personificação do empresário de si mesmo, colocando-se como alguém flexível e que zela pelo aprimoramento constante do desempenho. O presente artigo teve como objetivo compreender como o corpo do trabalhador freelancer se conecta a essa racionalidade neoliberal, fortalecendo-a. Adotando uma metodologia qualitativa, descritiva e de campo, foram combinados roteiros semiestruturados com três trabalhadores freelancers. Os dados apresentam como exigências recaem sobre o corpo desse trabalho a fim de que o mesmo desenvolva novas características e utilidades compatíveis com tais valores. Valendo-se de tecnologias de comunicação, o trabalhador é convocado a colocar em cena suas relações sociais e afetivas com vistas a ampliar a produção. Ao final do estudo foi possível constatar que o freelancer se tornou uma espécie de modelo para o trabalho contemporâneo à medida que se conecta à racionalidade neoliberal, reproduzindo e reforçando seus pressupostos.
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Süß, Stefan, and Benjamin Haarhaus. "Arbeitszufriedenheit von IT-Freelancern." Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 57, no. 1 (January 2013): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000095.
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Trotz der seit Jahren steigenden Anzahl hochqualifizierter IT-Freelancer bestehen kaum empirische Erkenntnisse über ihre Arbeitszufriedenheit. Da die Auswirkungen der hohen Flexibilitätsanforderungen, der starken Arbeitsbelastung und der unsicheren Einkommenssituation von Freelancern auf ihre Arbeitszufriedenheit folglich unklar sind, wurde untersucht, welche Ausprägungen von Arbeitszufriedenheitstypen bei IT-Freelancern bestehen und inwiefern Unterschiede zu festangestellten IT-Mitarbeitern existieren. Hierzu wurde eine an die Fragestellung angepasste Version des Fragebogen zur Erhebung von Arbeitszufriedenheitstypen (FEAT; Ferreira, 2009 ) verwendet. Es zeigen sich sowohl Gemeinsamkeiten als auch Unterschiede zwischen den Arbeitszufriedenheitstypen in beiden Beschäftigungsformen, die sich vor allem auf unterschiedliche Ausmaße an Autonomie und Einkommenssicherheit zurückführen lassen. Die Studie leistet damit sowohl einen Beitrag zur Erforschung der Arbeitszufriedenheit von IT-Freelancern als auch zur Etablierung eines neuen, theoriebasierten Verfahrens zur Messung von Arbeitszufriedenheit.
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Gupta, Varun, Jose Maria Fernandez-Crehuet, Chetna Gupta, and Thomas Hanne. "Freelancing Models for Fostering Innovation and Problem Solving in Software Startups: An Empirical Comparative Study." Sustainability 12, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 10106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122310106.
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Context: freelancers and startups could provide each other with promising opportunities that lead to mutual growth, by improving software development metrics, such as cost, time, and quality. Niche skills processed by freelancers could help startups reduce uncertainties associated with developments and markets, with the ability to quickly address market issues (and with higher quality). This requires the associations between freelancers and startup to be long-term, based on trust, and promising agreements driven by motivations (leading to the growth of both parties). Freelancers could help startups foster innovations and undertake software development tasks in better ways than conducted in-house, if they are selected using informed decision-making. Objectives: the paper has three objectives, (1) to explore the strategies of startups to outsource software development tasks to freelancers (termed as freelancing association strategies); (2) to identify challenges in such outsourcings; and (3) to identify the impacts of outsourcing tasks to freelancers on overall project metrics. The overall objective is to understand the strategies for involving freelancers in the software development process, throughout the startup lifecycle, and the associated challenges and the impacts that help to foster innovation (to maintain competitive advantages). Method: this paper performs empirical studies through case studies of three software startups located in Italy, France, and India, followed by a survey of 54 freelancers. The results are analyzed and compared in the identification of association models, issues, challenges, and reported results arising because of such associations. The case study results are validated using members checking with the research participants, which shows a higher level of result agreements. Results: the results indicate that the freelancer association strategy is task based, panel based, or a hybrid. The associations are constrained by issues such as deciding pricing, setting deadlines, difficulty in getting good freelancers, quality issues with software artefacts, and efforts to access freelancer work submissions for reward. The associations have a positive impact on software development if there is availability of good freelancers (which lasts long for various tasks). The paper finally provides a freelancing model framework and recommends activities that could result in making the situation beneficial to both parties, and streamline such associations. Fostering innovation in startups is, thus, a trade-off situation, which is limited and supported by many conflicting parameters.
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Sukel, Kayt. "Gig Engineering." Mechanical Engineering 140, no. 04 (April 1, 2018): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2018-apr-4.
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This article focuses on increase in the number of freelancer engineers and benefits of freelancing. According to a survey, freelancing in America 2017, estimates that more than 57 million Americans are currently freelancing. Also, experts believe this number will grow rapidly as both new and well-established companies discover that traditional hiring models are not meeting their needs. The article also emphasizes that freelancing allows people to live their life as they want to live it and craft their work into that life, rather than live where they have to for work and craft your lifestyle to fit into their work. The freedom and flexibility of freelancing are something that you just cannot find in most traditional jobs. According to an expert, no matter which platform an engineer prefers, online talent platforms are another key to success as a freelancer. Successful freelancers really are entrepreneurs—they see the demand for new skills, they see that they can be paid more for having those skills, so they are always out there learning and retraining themselves so they can get those job.
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Firdasanti, Afifa Yustisia, Afiyati Din Khailany, Nur Ahmad Dzulkirom, Tiur Maulina Putri Sitompul, and Amalinda Savirani. "Mahasiswa dan Gig Economy: Kerentanan Pekerja Sambilan (Freelance) di Kalangan Tenaga Kerja Terdidik." Jurnal PolGov 3, no. 1 (December 7, 2021): 195–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/polgov.v3i1.2866.
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Tren gig economy dalam bentuk pekerjaan lepas (freelance) semakin meningkat dalam satu dekade terakhir, khususnya di kalangan mahasiswa. Sektor pekerjaan ini memiliki fleksibilitas dari segi waktu, di tengah jadwal perkuliahan, tapi juga rentan terhadap eksploitasi. Tulisan ini mengelaborasi dan memetakan motivasi mahasiswa mengambil pekerjaan lepas serta kondisi kerentanan terkait hak-hak dasar pekerja seperti upah rendah, jam kerja berlebihan, ketidakjelasan kontrak kerja, dan tidak adanya pemenuhan jaminan kesejahteraan. Pertanyaan yang membimbing artikel ini adalah bagaimana kondisi kerja mahasiswa freelancer, bagaimana pola relasi kerja yang dihadapi, dan mengapa mahasiswa cenderung menormalisasi eksploitasi ini. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian kolaboratif ini menggunakan metode campuran (mix-method) yang menggabungkan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data primer dihimpun melalui survei secara online (n=203) dan in-depth interview berjumlah 50 mahasiswa FISIPOL UGM yang telah dan sedang mengambil pekerjaan lepas. Data primer dilengkapi dengan data sekunder yang bersumber dari literatur dan data statistik terkait topik ini. Ada dua temuan utama penelitian. Pertama, para mahasiswa memiliki beragam kerentanan dalam kegiatan mereka sebagai freelancer. Kedua, meskipun mengalami kerentanan dan eksploitasi dalam pekerjaannya, para mahasiswa cenderung mewajarkan kondisi yang dialaminya.
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Rawat, Garima. "An overview on freelancer." Asian Journal of Multidimensional Research 10, no. 12 (2021): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2278-4853.2021.01205.2.
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Conrad, David. "The Freelancer–NGO Alliance." Journalism Studies 16, no. 2 (January 9, 2014): 275–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1461670x.2013.872418.
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Syafwandhinata, Jhony, and Lukman Ahmad. "Sistem Pemasaran Jasa Freelancer IT (Studi Kasus : AMIK Indonesia)." Jurnal JTIK (Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi) 3, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.35870/jtik.v3i1.76.
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In line with the development of e-marketing, a new system emerged in the world of marketing and internet-based business called crowdsourcing. The workings of crowdsourcing sites are almost the same as sales terms where this site allows anyone and from anywhere to offer services and promote services on this site, where each member (member) of these sites is an online freelancer. At present, many promotional sites for freelancers have been provided by several communities and individuals who aim to offer goods and services for freelancers online and each service used is charged by freelancers when work is taken on the site. Based on the observations and experience of the author that many are building projects and digital product marketplaces in Indonesia and the World such as; Projects.co.id, Freelancer.com, Upwork, Guru, Elance, Sribulancer, Sribu. However, members who get services from these sites will be charged by the site owner for their services. This study tries to build a project model and digital product marketplace for students that can be used as a form of marketing student services for service enthusiasts. This model will later build an application that enables the marketing of student services to be complex and foster a spirit of entrepreneurship for students who are creative and innovative. The purpose of this study is to analyze the innovation model of the marketing system for freelancers' services and to build a project and digital product marketplace container as a media for promoting IT services for AMIK Indonesia students. Broadly speaking this research is divided into three stages, namely pre-development data collection, development and implementation, and post-development data collection.
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Brizard-Kim, Kristell. "Quand les professionnels indépendants réinventent l’agence de communication." Revue Communication & professionnalisation, no. 4 (January 26, 2017): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/rcompro.vi4.803.
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De plus en plus de communicants s’émancipent du modèle « classique » de l’agence de communication, par la création de réseaux, de collectifs, de communautés, parfois liées par un espace de coworking, voire d’entreprises coopératives. Pour ces communicants, il s’agit de reprendre le pouvoir sur la rémunération de leur expertise et sur leur relation au travail, par l’exercice de leur profession en freelance. Les échanges via ces structures vont au-delà de la mutualisation de moyens ou de l’apport d’affaires : le renouveau des collectifs de freelances ou de l’entrepreneuriat collectif en témoigne. Ces nouveaux « Sublimes » questionnent, par leurs collaborations en dehors d’une entreprise commune, le métier même d’agence de communication, la répartition de la marge dégagée, le manque d’adaptation à la demande du client, mais aussi la concurrence et l’esprit de compétition en interne. Les éléments de langage déployés par ces entreprises collaboratives sont ainsi parfois très offensifs, visant directement les agences, dont la plupart de ces professionnels sont pourtant issus. Les freelances tentent ainsi de s’affranchir du modèle économique de l’agence de communication. Ce faisant, ils opèrent un retour à l’adhocratie entrepreneuriale qui présidait aux débuts du métier d’agence.
Communicators are increasingly emancipating themselves from the « classic » model of the communication agency, by creating networks, collectives, communities, sometimes linked by a coworking space or cooperative enterprises. For these professionals, it is a question of regaining power on the remuneration of their expertise and on their relationship to work, through the exercise of their profession as a freelancer. These exchanges via these structures go beyond the pooling of resources or bringing business: the renewal of free-lances’ groups or collective entrepreneurship attests to this. These new « Sublime » are questioning by their collaborations outside of a joint venture, the communication agency business model, the distribution of the margin, a lack of adaptation to customer demand, but also competition and spirit of internal competition. The language elements made by these companies are collaborative and sometimes directly offensive to agencies, while most of these professionals are stem from them. Freelancers are trying to overcome the economic model of the communication agency. In doing so, they operate a return to entrepreneurial adhocracy who presided over the beginnings of the agency business.
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Hidayah, Ahmad. "Tantangan Kaum Freelancer dan Pemerintah Indonesia di Era Perkembangan Teknologi Digital." RESIPROKAL: Jurnal Riset Sosiologi Progresif Aktual 3, no. 1 (July 2, 2021): 92–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/resiprokal.v3i1.47.
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Artikel ini membahas mengenai tantangan kau freelancer dan Pemerintah Indonesia di era perkembangan teknologi digital. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitaf (pendekatan analisis wacana) dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data sevara online. Artikel ini mendeskripsikan bagaimana perkembangan kaum freelancer di Indonesia, fenomena tersebut merupakan bentuk dari perkembangan teknologi saat ini. Berdasarkan hal tersebut ada hal yang perlu dikritisi ulang mengenai perkembangan freelancer tersebut. Kita perlu memerhatikan ketidak pastian mengenai jaminan sosial dan ancaman-ancaman lain yang kemungkinan mereka temui. Berdasarkan hal tersebut artikel ini mencoba memberikan pandangan kritis terhadap Pemerintah Indonesia mengenai peran dan tanggungjawabnya mengenai permasalahan jaminan sosial yang belum tersedia bagipara freelancer di Indonesia karena hal tersebut telah tertuang di dalam UUD 1945.
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Tanamas, Chandra, and J. M. Joko Priyono Santoso. "KAJIAN MENGENAI PROYEK RUANG KERJA KREATIF UNTUK MILENIAL." Jurnal Sains, Teknologi, Urban, Perancangan, Arsitektur (Stupa) 1, no. 2 (January 26, 2020): 955. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/stupa.v1i2.4491.
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The creative industry in Indonesia is getting special attention from the government because it can create independent and productive human resources. Therefore, the creative industry has experienced significant development, but the competition between freelancers will be increasingly stringent, while the millennial generation who are just starting out will find it difficult to expand their business. The creative industry is currently filled with millennials that have characteristics that are different from previous generations. Millennials have high leadership and flexibility so they want to hold and take full responsibility for the projects they work on. The method used in the design is qualitative and comparative descriptive with pattern language which is more applied to the formation of programs so that the programs produced are in accordance with the workings and behavior of the millennial generation, but do not override previous generations. The area chosen is West Jakarta, more precisely the District of Kebon Jeruk, hoping that the Kebon Jeruk Subdistrict which is intended as Service City has a work space for the creative industry community by providing learning space and space to develop creativity. Therefore, Creative Hub is a means for millennial generations as freelancers working in the creative industry sector who want to pour their creativity and start a business. In this creative hub there are programs that can help freelancers and are equipped with supporting facilities such as offices, co-working, exhibition rooms and workshops. In addition, this creative hub is also able to become an educational recreation room about the creative industry and the gathering center for creative craftsmen. Through this Creative Hub, it can generate new jobs that are independent for millennial generations as freelancers, and can gain connections and hone skills.Abstrak Industri kreatif di Indonesia sedang mendapatkan perhatian khusus oleh pemerintah karena dapat menciptakan sumber daya manusia yang mandiri dan produktif. Maka dari itu, industri kreatif mengalami perkembangan yang signifikan, tetapi persaingan antar freelancer akan semakin ketat, sedangkan generasi milenial yang baru memulai akan kesulitan untuk mengembangkan usahanya. Industri kreatif saat ini dipenuhi oleh generasi milenial yang memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dengan generasi – generasi sebelumnya. Generasi milenial memiliki sifat leadership dan fleksibilitas yang tinggi sehingga ingin memegang dan tanggung jawab penuh terhadap proyek yang mereka kerjakan. Metode yang digunakan dalam perancangan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dan deskriptif komparatif dengan pattern language yang lebih diterapkan pada pembentukan program sehingga program yang dihasilkan sesuai dengan cara kerja dan perilaku generasi milenial, tetapi tidak mengesampingkan generasi – generasi sebelumnya. Daerah yang dipilih adalah Jakarta Barat, lebih tepatnya Kecamatan Kebon Jeruk, harapannya Kecamatan Kebon Jeruk yang ditujukan sebagai Service City memiliki ruang kerja untuk para komunitas industri kreatif dengan memberikan ruang pembelajaran dan ruang mengembangkan kreatifitas. Oleh sebab itu, Creative Hub merupakan sebuah sarana bagi generasi milenial sebagai freelancer yang bekerja pada sektor industri kreatif yang ingin menuangkan kreativitasnya dan memulai usaha. Dalam creative hub ini terdapat program yang dapat membantu freelancer dan dilengkapi dengan fasilitas penunjang seperti, kantor sewa, co – working, ruang pameran, dan workshop. Selain itu, creative hub ini juga mampu menjadi ruang rekreasi edukasi tentang industri kreatif dan pusat berkumpulnya pengrajin kreatif. Melalui Creative Hub ini, dapat menghasilkan lapangan kerja baru yang mandiri bagi generasi milenial sebagai freelancer, serta dapat memperoleh koneksi dan mengasah kemampuan.
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Dhian, Angelina Nataly, Ery Dewayani, and Zyad Rusdi. "PERANCANGAN DAN PEMBUATAN PROGRAM APLIKASI FREELANCE BERBASIS WEB." Computatio : Journal of Computer Science and Information Systems 6, no. 1 (June 9, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/computatio.v6i1.17181.
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Pandemi COVID-19 saat ini telah memberikan banyak dampak buruk terhadap kehidupan di dunia terutama terhadap perekonomian global, pendidikan, dan aktivitas kehidupan masyarakat yang terhambat. Dampak utama yang dialami oleh masyarakat di dunia adalah kehilangan pekerjaan atau sumber penghasilannya, oleh karena itu perancangan dan pembuatan program aplikasi freelance ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan lapangan pekerjaan yang bersifat tidak terikat dengan kontrak antara pekerja dan klien. Sistem freelance adalah dengan bertanggung jawab langsung dalam mengerjakan pekerjaan sesuai dengan proposal yang sudah disetujui antara klien dan freelancer. Tampilan program aplikasi freelance dikembangkan dengan menggunakan HTML, CSS, JavaScript, dan untuk menghubungkan dengan basis data menggunakan bahasa PHP, serta basis datanya sendiri menggunakan MySQL. Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode Black Box dengan pengujian User Acceptance Testing (UAT). Dengan dibuatnya aplikasi ini diharapkan masyarakat yang mengalami kesulitan dalam mencari pekerjaan dapat menemukan pekerjaan sampingan dan memperoleh penghasilan tambahan, selain itu dapat membantu masyarakat yang membutuhkan jasa freelance dengan mudah dan terjamin keamanannya.
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Bento dos Santos, Letícia, and Patrícia Lopes Damasceno. "Prática freelancer em design: os efeitos da falta de formalização na prestação de serviços." Revista Poliedro 5, no. 7 (December 31, 2021): 745–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15536/2594-4398.2021.v5.n7.pp.745-770.2190.
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Resumo: Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa acerca do profissional freelancer em design em um contexto local, a qual foi realizada como parte de um Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso defendido junto ao curso de Design Digital da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Isso posto, discute-se aqui a prática profissional freelancer em design através de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, a fim de compreender certos aspectos característicos do freelancer brasileiro. Em seguida, apresenta-se algumas das problemáticas encontradas por eles frente à precarização do trabalho e falta de formalização contratual. Posteriormente, expõe-se os resultados obtidos por meio da aplicação de um questionário direcionado a designers locais e elenca-se quais elementos são necessários para a formulação de um termo de compromisso.
Palavras-chave: Freelancer; Design; Prática profissional; Prestação de serviços; Termo de compromisso.
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Lin, Chin-Tsai, and Shih-Chieh Hsu. "Constructing a Travel Risks’ Evaluation Model for Tour Freelancers Based on the ANP Approach." Advances in Operations Research 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7968792.
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This study constructs a new travel risks’ evaluation model for freelancers to evaluate and select tour groups by considering the interdependencies of the evaluation criteria used. First of all, the proposed model adopts the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) to identify suitable evaluation criteria for evaluating travel risks. Six evaluation criteria and 18 subcriteria are obtained. The six evaluation criteria are financial risk, transportation risk, social risk, hygiene risk, sightseeing spot risk, and general risk for freelancer tour groups. Secondly, the model uses the analytic network process (ANP) to determine the relative weight of the criteria. Finally, examples of group package tours (GPTs) are used to demonstrate the travel risk evaluation process for this model. The results show that the Tokyo GPT is the best group tour. The proposed model helps freelancers to effectively evaluate travel risks and decision-making, making it highly applicable to academia and tour groups.
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Dilger, Martin. "IT-Freelancer des Jahres 2013 gekürt." IT-Szene München 8, no. 3 (August 2013): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40567-013-0038-4.
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Burek, JoAnne. "Business continuity and resiliency for the freelancer." Indexer: The International Journal of Indexing 33, no. 4 (December 2015): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/indexer.2015.38.
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Stępnik, Krzysztof. "Freelancer. Mieczysława Jełowickiego korespondencje z Bukaresztu (1913)." Zeszyty Prasoznawcze 62, no. 4 (December 2019): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/22996362pz.19.052.11056.
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Song, Kang-Jik. "Freelancer and the Labor Law in Japan." Kyung Hee Law Journal 56, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 203–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15539/khlj.56.3.7.
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woo misuk and 장종익. "Characteristics of Freelancer Cooperatives : Focusing on Typology." KOREAN JOURNAL OF COOPERATIVE STUDIES 36, no. 1 (April 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.35412/kjcs.2018.36.1.001.
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McClay, Wilfred M. "The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Freelancer." Reviews in American History 23, no. 1 (1995): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rah.1995.0013.
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Lin, C. T., and S. C. Hsu. "Evaluating Travel Risks From the Freelancer Perspective." Journal of Testing and Evaluation 44, no. 5 (June 13, 2016): 20160012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jte20160012.
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Huđek, Ivona, Polona Tominc, and Karin Širec. "The Human Capital of the Freelancers and Their Satisfaction with the Quality of Life." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 11490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011490.
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Digital technologies are underpinning a wide range of products, services, processes, and business model innovations that are significantly transforming industries, organizations, and society. They are increasingly permeating every aspect of our daily lives. In this paper, we looked at the challenges of digitalization, leading to a new way of working in the market and new business models, such as the gig economy. Individuals are becoming more mobile and self-directed in their careers, as opposed to traditional careers. We investigated the demographic characteristics of the new, growing group of self-employed, so-called freelancers, at the national level in Slovenia and investigated the relationships between human capital and their subjective (job and career satisfaction, life satisfaction) and objective success (income satisfaction). The survey was conducted among 200 freelancers (respondents). The empirical results show that most Slovenian freelancers working from home work in professional, scientific, and technical occupations; are between 35 and 44 years old; have completed the second level of tertiary education; work more than 40 hours per week; and have 16 years or more of work experience. To explore the quality of life of freelancers, empirical analysis showed that human capital factors are important for the success of a new career as a freelancer. The results show that freelancers’ human capital factors (education and experience, skills, and training) positively influence subjective and objective success. Using structural equation modeling, we also confirmed that human capital has a greater impact on freelancers’ subjective success (life satisfaction, career satisfaction) than on objective success (income satisfaction), suggesting that job and life satisfaction should be considered an important resource that freelancers rely on to determine their quality of life.
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Kässi, Otto, Vili Lehdonvirta, and Fabian Stephany. "How many online workers are there in the world? A data-driven assessment." Open Research Europe 1 (October 15, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13639.4.
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An unknown number of people around the world are earning income by working through online labour platforms such as Upwork and Amazon Mechanical Turk. We combine data collected from various sources to build a data-driven assessment of the number of such online workers (also known as online freelancers) globally. Our headline estimate is that there are 163 million freelancer profiles registered on online labour platforms globally. Approximately 14 million of them have obtained work through the platform at least once, and 3.3 million have completed at least 10 projects or earned at least $1000. These numbers suggest a substantial growth from 2015 in registered worker accounts, but much less growth in amount of work completed by workers. Our results indicate that online freelancing represents a non-trivial segment of labour today, but one that is spread thinly across countries and sectors.
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Kässi, Otto, Vili Lehdonvirta, and Fabian Stephany. "How many online workers are there in the world? A data-driven assessment." Open Research Europe 1 (May 19, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13639.1.
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An unknown number of people around the world are earning income by working through online labour platforms such as Upwork and Amazon Mechanical Turk. We combine data collected from various sources to build a data-driven assessment of the number of such online workers (also known as online freelancers) globally. Our headline estimate is that there are 163 million freelancer profiles registered on online labour platforms globally. Approximately 19 million of them have obtained work through the platform at least once, and 5 million have completed at least 10 projects or earned at least $1000. These numbers suggest a substantial growth from 2015 in registered worker accounts, but much less growth in amount of work completed by workers. Our results indicate that online freelancing represents a non-trivial segment of labour today, but one that is spread thinly across countries and sectors.
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Kässi, Otto, Vili Lehdonvirta, and Fabian Stephany. "How many online workers are there in the world? A data-driven assessment." Open Research Europe 1 (October 7, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13639.3.
Full textAbstract:
An unknown number of people around the world are earning income by working through online labour platforms such as Upwork and Amazon Mechanical Turk. We combine data collected from various sources to build a data-driven assessment of the number of such online workers (also known as online freelancers) globally. Our headline estimate is that there are 163 million freelancer profiles registered on online labour platforms globally. Approximately 19 million of them have obtained work through the platform at least once, and 5 million have completed at least 10 projects or earned at least $1000. These numbers suggest a substantial growth from 2015 in registered worker accounts, but much less growth in amount of work completed by workers. Our results indicate that online freelancing represents a non-trivial segment of labour today, but one that is spread thinly across countries and sectors.
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Kässi, Otto, Vili Lehdonvirta, and Fabian Stephany. "How many online workers are there in the world? A data-driven assessment." Open Research Europe 1 (September 1, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13639.2.
Full textAbstract:
An unknown number of people around the world are earning income by working through online labour platforms such as Upwork and Amazon Mechanical Turk. We combine data collected from various sources to build a data-driven assessment of the number of such online workers (also known as online freelancers) globally. Our headline estimate is that there are 163 million freelancer profiles registered on online labour platforms globally. Approximately 19 million of them have obtained work through the platform at least once, and 5 million have completed at least 10 projects or earned at least $1000. These numbers suggest a substantial growth from 2015 in registered worker accounts, but much less growth in amount of work completed by workers. Our results indicate that online freelancing represents a non-trivial segment of labour today, but one that is spread thinly across countries and sectors.
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Clasen, Julia. "Instrument zur stressbezogenen Tätigkeitsanalyse bei Freelancern auf Basis des ISTA von Semmer, Zapf und Dunckel." Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 56, no. 3 (July 2012): 123–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000089.
Full textAbstract:
Seit Mitte der Neunziger Jahre wächst in Deutschland die Zahl der Freelancer unter den Erwerbstätigen. Trotz ihrer zunehmenden Bedeutung für den Arbeitsmarkt liegen für diese Personengruppe bisher kaum Erkenntnisse bezüglich Arbeitsbedingungen und deren Auswirkungen vor. Dies ist u. a. auf einen Mangel an geeigneten Analyseinstrumenten für diese Art von Tätigkeiten zurückzuführen. In diesem Beitrag wird die Entwicklung und Validierung eines Screenings dargestellt, mit dem die für Freelance-Tätigkeiten typischen, stressrelevanten Tätigkeitsmerkmale auf ökonomische Art und Weise analysiert werden können. Den theoretischen Hintergrund des Instruments bilden das handlungstheoretische Anforderungs-, Belastungs- und Ressourcen-Modell sowie Konstrukte des Instruments zur stressbezogenen Tätigkeitsanalyse (ISTA). Auf Basis von zwei Online-Untersuchungen (N=147 und N=268) wurden die Gütekriterien überprüft. Die Überprüfung der internen Konsistenz sowie von Retest- und Interraterreliabilität erbrachte zufriedenstellende Werte. Die Ergebnisse der konfirmatorischen Faktorenanalysen sowie erwartungskonforme Korrelationen mit anderen Skalen sprechen für die Konstruktvalidität des Instrumentes.
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Aranha, Francisco. "Carreirasolo.org." GV-executivo 7, no. 5 (October 3, 2008): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvexec.v7n5.2008.34231.
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Pratama, Kevin, and Arie Kusumawati. "Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Freelancer pada Playcubic Berbasis WEB." KALBISCIENTIA Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 7, no. 1 (May 11, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.53008/kalbiscientia.v7i1.29.
Full textAbstract:
Playcubic is a start-up business enganged in mass media industry. The system that Playcubiccurrently use is still using traditional system. The system used to have the risk of losing data and fakeddata. This study aims to help business including process of uploading article, invitation sharing andpayroll sytem for freelancer. The system under development method is using prototype developmentmethod. The results of this study are an information system that can be used by Playcubic that havebeen tested with black box testing.