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Journal articles on the topic 'FreeRTOS'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 September 2023

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1

Chen, Wei Song, and Jian Ping Wang. "Design of RFID Card Reading System Based on LWIP and FreeRTOS." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 916–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.916.

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In view of current network RFID reader, a solution is given based on LWIP and FreeRTOS in this paper. FreeRTOS is chosen as its operating system . LWIP is chosen as its network protocol, which can upload the RFID card number to the server as soon as getting the new RFID card number. LWIP and FreeRTOS are free and open source code so that we need not consider the use of copyright issues.Also,STM32F107VC based on the framework of Cortex-M3 is selected as the RFID reader processor and DP83848 chip produced by TI is used as the network card in the hardware solution.
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2

Pitcher, Graham. "Under New Ownership." New Electronics 51, no. 3 (February 13, 2018): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0047-9624(23)60308-6.

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3

Simonovic, Mirela, and Lazar Saranovac. "Power management implementation in FreeRTOS on LM3S3748." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 10, no. 1 (2013): 199–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1301199s.

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Power consumption has become a major concern of embedded systems today. With the aim to reduce power consumption during the runtime, operating systems are dealing with power management. In this work, the FreeRTOS port is extended with power management features on LM3S3748 microcontroller. Tickless idle technique is implemented to provide more powersaving during the processor idle periods.
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4

Mistry, James, Matthew Naylor, and Jim Woodcock. "Adapting FreeRTOS for multicores: an experience report." Software: Practice and Experience 44, no. 9 (February 19, 2013): 1129–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spe.2188.

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5

Arm, Jakub, Ondřej Baštán, Ondrej Mihálik, and Zdeněk Bradáč. "Measuring the Performance of FreeRTOS on ESP32 Multi-Core." IFAC-PapersOnLine 55, no. 4 (2022): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.06.048.

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6

Tešanović, Stefan. "IOT MERNO-INFORMACIONI SISTEM ZASNOVAN NA FREERTOS OPERATIVNOM SISTEMU." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 36, no. 11 (November 9, 2021): 1989–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/15be34tesanovic.

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7

Ferreira, João F., Cristian Gherghina, Guanhua He, Shengchao Qin, and Wei-Ngan Chin. "Automated verification of the FreeRTOS scheduler in Hip/Sleek." International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer 16, no. 4 (March 18, 2014): 381–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10009-014-0307-4.

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8

Venkata Gopi kumar, P. "C Bounded Model Checker to Detect Unspecified Expression in FreeRTOS." CVR Journal of Science & Technology 8, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32377/cvrjst0810.

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9

Aviles, Pablo M., Almudena Lindoso, Jose A. Belloch, Mario Garcia-Valderas, Yolanda Morilla, and Luis Entrena. "Radiation Testing of a Multiprocessor Macrosynchronized Lockstep Architecture With FreeRTOS." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 69, no. 3 (March 2022): 462–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2021.3129164.

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10

Peng, Long, Fei Guan, Luc Perneel, and Martin Timmerman. "Behaviour and performance comparison between FreeRTOS and µC/OS-III." International Journal of Embedded Systems 8, no. 4 (2016): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijes.2016.077774.

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11

Cheng, Shu, Jim Woodcock, and Deepak D’Souza. "Using formal reasoning on a model of tasks for FreeRTOS." Formal Aspects of Computing 27, no. 1 (August 20, 2014): 167–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00165-014-0308-9.

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12

., Yogita Patil. "FREERTOS BASED ENVIRONMENTAL DATA ACQUISITION USING ARM CORTEX M4F CORE." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 04, no. 04 (April 25, 2015): 680–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0404117.

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13

Wyrwo�, Bernard. "Implementacja interfejsu 1-Wire w systemie FreeRTOS dla mikrokontrolera AVR." ELEKTRONIKA - KONSTRUKCJE, TECHNOLOGIE, ZASTOSOWANIA 1, no. 5 (May 5, 2014): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.15199/ele-2014-029.

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14

Okas, Paweł, Łukasz Krzak, and Cezary Worek. "C++14 concurrency on ARM Cortex-M using FreeRTOS and GCC." IFAC-PapersOnLine 48, no. 4 (2015): 262–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.07.044.

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15

Haiduk, K. S., and O. H. Shevchenko. "DATA STRUCTURES AND MEMORY MANAGEMENT IN THE FREERTOS AND PREDICATE ОS OPERATING SYSTEMS." Problems of Modeling and Design Automatization 21, no. 1 (2019): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-7888-2019-1-43-52.

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16

STANGACIU, C., M. MICEA, and V. CRETU. "An Analysis of a Hard Real-Time Execution Environment Extension for FreeRTOS." Advances in Electrical and Computer Engineering 15, no. 3 (2015): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4316/aece.2015.03011.

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17

Gomes, Tiago, Jorge Pereira, Paulo Garcia, Filipe Salgado, Vitor Silva, Sandro Pinto, Mongkol Ekpanyapong, and Adriano Tavares. "Hybrid real-time operating systems: deployment of critical FreeRTOS features on FPGA." International Journal of Embedded Systems 8, no. 5/6 (2016): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijes.2016.080386.

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Tavares, Adriano, Mongkol Ekpanyapong, Sandro Pinto, Filipe Salgado, Vitor Silva, Paulo Garcia, Jorge Pereira, and Tiago Gomes. "Hybrid real-time operating systems: deployment of critical FreeRTOS features on FPGA." International Journal of Embedded Systems 8, no. 5/6 (2016): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijes.2016.10001338.

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19

Shao, Li, Chuanxi Wang, Chong Chu, Yinan Song, Haoyu Hu, Yanan Yang, Wenyu Fei, and Xiaoyang He. "Design and implementation of real-time robot operating system based on freertos." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1449 (January 2020): 012115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1449/1/012115.

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20

Acevedo Gauta, Tania Liseth, Andrés Orlando Páez Melo, and Joaquín Andrés Valderrama Rincón. "APLICACIÓN DE CONTROLADORES DE VELOCIDAD EN LLANTAS HOLONÓMICAS, CONTROL DE POCICIONAMIENTO Y PROTOCOLOS DE COMUNICACIÓN DE UN ROBOT JUGADOR DE FUTBOL." REVISTA COLOMBIANA DE TECNOLOGIAS DE AVANZADA (RCTA) 1, no. 39 (July 19, 2023): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24054/rcta.v1i39.1368.

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En este trabajo, se presenta un sistema de control digital de posición para un robot holonómico, basado en un sistema de localización compuesto por una fusión multisensorial entre la odometría del móvil y un sistema de visión artificial externo. El robot tiene un sistema embebido que se encuentra dentro del robot, el software funciona basado en un sistema operativo en tiempo real (FreeRTOS). Se presenta también el diseño de un control de velocidad para cada uno de los motores que controlan las ruedas, y un protocolo de comunicación ad-hoc para la comunicación (backplane) del mismo.
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21

Ungurean, Ioan. "Timing Comparison of the Real-Time Operating Systems for Small Microcontrollers." Symmetry 12, no. 4 (April 8, 2020): 592. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12040592.

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In automatic systems used in the control and monitoring of industrial processes, fieldbuses with specific real-time requirements are used. Often, the sensors are connected to these fieldbuses through embedded systems, which also have real-time features specific to the industrial environment in which it operates. The embedded operating systems are very important in the design and development of embedded systems. A distinct class of these operating systems is real-time operating systems (RTOSs) that can be used to develop embedded systems, which have hard and/or soft real-time requirements on small microcontrollers (MCUs). RTOSs offer the basic support for developing embedded systems with applicability in a wide range of fields such as data acquisition, internet of things, data compression, pattern recognition, diversity, similarity, symmetry, and so on. The RTOSs provide basic services for multitasking applications with deterministic behavior on MCUs. The services provided by the RTOSs are task management and inter-task synchronization and communication. The selection of the RTOS is very important in the development of the embedded system with real-time requirements and it must be based on the latency in the handling of the critical operations triggered by internal or external events, predictability/determinism in the execution of the RTOS primitives, license costs, and memory footprint. In this paper, we measured and compared the timing performance for synchronization throughout an event, semaphore, and mailbox for the following RTOSs: FreeRTOS 9.0.0, FreeRTOS 10.2.0, rt-thread, Keil RTX, uC/OS-II, and uC/OS-III. For the experimental tests, we developed test applications for two MCUs: ARM Cortex™-M4 and ARM Cortex™-M0+ based MCUs.
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22

Silva, Fábio Rocha da, Augusto Cesar Rossi de Mattos, Gabriel Silva Marcatto, Rafael de Moura Moreira, and Rodrigo Maximiano Antunes de Almeida. "Desenvolvimento de plataforma embarcada para ensino." Research, Society and Development 8, no. 4 (February 22, 2019): e2084757. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v8i4.757.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma plataforma embarcada que possa guiar os primeiros passos de um aluno na área de programação embarcada. É descrito o desenvolvimento de um pacote de software para suporte ao aprendizado de programação embarcada, principalmente fazendo o uso de sistemas operacionais de tempo real, bem como documenta as atividades iniciais da plataforma PQDB (Pão de Queijo Development Board). As técnicas de desenvolvimento para sistemas embarcados não são as mesmas das aplicadas em desktops e mainframes. Existem restrições de memória, capacidade limitada de processamento, gerenciamento dos dispositivos de entrada e saída, protocolos de comunicação diversos, isto porque cada sistema embarcado é um projeto diferente que pode não seguir padrões, dessa maneira o conhecimento do hardware é essencial para o projeto do software que será incorporado no dispositivo. As implementações práticas foram realizadas com a ferramenta Kinetis Design Studio 3 ® IDE, o sistema operacional FreeRTOS®, a placa de desenvolvimento FRDM-K64F da NXP e a PQDB projetada e fabricada na Universidade Federal de Itajubá. Neste trabalho apresentamos como esta placa auxilia no aprendizado do aluno em software embarcado, apresentando um guia rápido de como portar o FreeRTOS além de desenvolver bibliotecas e drivers para comunicação com periféricos. Conclui-se que a utilização de uma placa pré-montada simplifica o entendimento do aluno na medida que remove camadas de complexidade da atividade de aprendizagem. O mesmo acontece com a utilização de um sistema operacional de tempo real, que abstrais as questões de restrições de tempo para sistemas críticos. Também se notou que a placa PQDB oferece diversos recursos que, se bem explorados, garantem um ótimo início na área de desenvolvimento de softwares embarcados.
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23

Budioko, Totok. "Node Sensor Pada Sistem Monitoring Tinggi Permukaan Air Sungai Berbasis FreeRTOS dan MQTT." JuTI "Jurnal Teknologi Informasi" 1, no. 1 (August 6, 2022): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.26798/juti.v1i1.643.

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Monitoring tinggi permukaan air sungai dapat dimanfaatkan untuk peringatan dini bahaya banjir maupun untuk pemantauan tingkat pendangkalan sungai. Salah satu bagian dari Sistem Monitoring tinggi permukaan air sungai adalah Node Sensor yang berfungsi untuk mengukur, menampilkan dan mengirim tinggi permukaan air sungai. Informasi tinggi permukaan air sungai dibutuhkan tidak hanya pada lokasi titik ukur namun juga digunakan ditempat lain sehingga dibutuhkan media transmisi dan protokol yang sesuai. Pada penelitian ini dirancang dan diimplementasi Node Sensor dari sistem Monitoring tinggi permukaan air sungai. Node Sensor menggunakan SoC ESP32, modul sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04, dan LCD. Perangkat lunak Node Sensormenggunakan RTOS FreeRTOS dan framework Arduino. Protokol komunikasi data antara Node Sensor dengan Node Monitor menggunakan protokol MQTT. Berdasarkan hasil verifikasi dengan menguji bagian-bagianNode Sensor dan pengujian pada sistem model, didapatkan bahwa semua task dieksekusi sesuai dengan rancangan dan memenuhi deadline masing-masing task. Node Sensor dapat terkoneksi dengan broker MQTT,mengirimkan alamat Node Sensor dan tinggi permukaan air dan dapat diterima pada node Monitor menggunakan aplikasi Android MyMQTT dan aplikasi desktop MQTT Explorer. Berdasrkan pengujian modul sensorultrasonik HC-SR04 mampu mengukur dengan kesalahan rata-rata 0,17.
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24

Guan, Fei, Long Peng, Luc Perneel, and Martin Timmerman. "Open source FreeRTOS as a case study in real-time operating system evolution." Journal of Systems and Software 118 (August 2016): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2016.04.063.

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25

., Van-Khanh Nguyen. "A LOW-COST, REAL-TIME ALGORITHM FOR EMBEDDED DEVICES BASED ON FREERTOS KERNEL." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 04, no. 11 (November 25, 2015): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0411052.

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26

Turci, Luca de Oliveira. "Real-Time Operating System FreeRTOS Application for Fire Alarm Project in Reduced Scale." International Journal of Computing and Digital Systemss 6, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/ijcds/060405.

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27

Gómez, Felipe, Francisco Muñoz, Beatriz E. Florián, Carlos A. Giraldo, and Eval B. Bacca-Cortes. "Diseño y prueba de un robot móvil con tres niveles de complejidad para la experimentación en robótica." INGENIERÍA Y COMPETITIVIDAD 10, no. 2 (June 9, 2011): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/iyc.v10i2.2474.

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Un robot móvil (llamado UV-BOT), fue diseñado en la Universidad del Valle para la experimentación en robótica y puede ser usado por personas con o sin conocimiento en robótica. UV-BOT es un robot diferencial y para uso en interiores; cuenta con sensores de proximidad, detección de luz, localización y comunicaciones, y su velocidad es controlada mediante dos controladores PI, uno en cada rueda. El firmware del robot fue diseñado usando un micro-núcleo de tiempo real conocido como FreeRTOS, que soporta tres niveles de complejidad, los cuales poseen un conjunto de funcionalidades desde el punto de vista de percepción, movilidad, comuno en la Universidad del Valle para la experimentación en robótica y puede ser usado por personas con o sin conocimiento en robótica. UV-BOT es un robot diferencial y para uso en interiores; cuenta con sensores de proximidad, detección de luz, localización y comunicaciones, y su velocidad es controlada mediante dos controladores PI, uno en cada rueda. El firmware del robot fue diseñado usando un micro-núcleo de tiempo real conocido como FreeRTOS, que soporta tres niveles de complejidad, los cuales poseen un conjunto de funcionalidades desde el punto de vista de percepción, movilidad, comunicación, programación y disponibilidad de demos. Estas funcionalidades son empleadas por la interfaz de usuario para programar el robot gráficamente (nivel básico), usando XML (nivel intermedio) o C (nivel avanzado). En su nivel avanzado, el robot soporta la programación orientada a comportamientos. Estos comportamientos fueron utilizados para realizar las pruebas de desempeño del robot móvil. Como resultado de estas pruebas, se encontró que el sistema de localización de UVBOT muestra una incertidumbre promedio de 17 cm. Los comportamientos de retorno (por posición y luz) y evasión de obstáculos muestran errores promedio de 15 y 12 cm, respectivamente. De este modo, con UV-BOT se pueden implementar exitosamente tareas básicas en robótica cooperativa.
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Qian, Ping, Ying Zhen Zhang, and Yu Li. "Design of Voice Control System for Smart Home Based on STM32." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.369.

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The application of embedded speech recognition technology in the smart home is researched, combining of the Internet of Things, the voice control system for smart home has been designed. The core processor chooses the high-performance Cortex-M4 MCU STM32F407VGT6 produced by STMicroelectronics. The system contains a hardware unit based on LD3320 for speaker-independent speech recognition. RF wireless communication uses ultra-low power chip CC1101 and GSM employ SIM900A. Real-time operating system FreeRTOS is used for multitask scheduling and the operation of household devices. The practical application verifies that this voice control system practicably can identify voice commands quickly and accurately, complete the control actions primely, has a wide application prospect.
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González, Joseph, Itza Morales, Alaín García, and Vladimir Villarreal. "Generación de un ambiente controlado para semilleros de huertos urbanos con freertos y arduino." Revista de Iniciación Científica 4, no. 1 (October 29, 2018): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33412/rev-ric.v4.1.1860.

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Elaborar semilleros para trasplante permite al horticultor el crecimiento prematuro de plantones para el adelanto controlado de cultivos a sus épocas de siembra adecuada. Sin embargo, no siempre es posible contar con el clima adecuado para la germinación de las semillas sembradas, lo que puede generar pérdidas de plantones y/o retrasos en la producción. Para prevenir esta situación se desarrolló un sistema electrónico que genera las condiciones ambientales requeridas para la germinación y crecimiento correcto de los plantones, dentro de un pequeño invernadero destinado a semilleros para huertos urbanos. Este sistema consiste en sensores de humedad y temperatura que se comunican a una placa microcontroladora Aruino UNO, donde los datos obtenidos por los sensores son manipulados por el sistema operativo de tiempo real FreeRTOS. Este sistema operativo analiza los datos obtenidos, determina la actividad que deben realizar los elementos actuadores (como sistema de riego, calefacción y ventilación) y gestiona la cantidad de recursos del sistema que puede utilizar cada uno a través de hilos de procesos. Todo esto para obtener como resultado un ambiente de crecimiento adecuado dentro del invernadero.
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GuangTang, Jiancheng, and Li. "Research and design of low-power, high-performance processor based on RISC-V instruction set architecture." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2221, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2221/1/012008.

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Abstract In embedded IoT applications, in order to meet the needs of small area, low power consumption, and high performance, this paper designs a 32-bit low-power, high-performance microprocessor based on the RISC-V instruction set architecture. It uses a 3-stage pipeline structure with static branch prediction function, supports RV32IM instruction set, and adopts AHB bus as the control bus. The logic function of the processor was verified under the iverilog environment, and the simulation results showed that the processor can run normally. The CoreMark score of 2.38 CoreMark/MHz was measured by running the CoreMark running program, and it supports FreeRTOS transplantation. The analysis and verification results show that the design can be well applied to small-area, low-power embedded application scenarios.
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Wang, Wei, Tairong Xie, and Xianhua Hu. "Design of power well cover wireless monitoring system based on freeRTOS and NB-IoT technology." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 853 (June 12, 2020): 012038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/853/1/012038.

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32

Perdomo, César A., Julián R. Camargo, and Albeiro Cortes Cabezas. "On Board Computer Module for Cubesat Compatible with QB50." Modern Applied Science 12, no. 12 (November 26, 2018): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n12p206.

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This paper presents the design and implementation at the hardware level of the OBC-OBDH subsystem (On-Board-Computer On-Board Data Handler) to meet the requirements of the CubeSat QB50 project, in addition, different tasks are performed at the software level to simplify the subsequent development (the implementation of the FreeRTOS real-time operating system has been carried out, and a simple example has been prepared that involves the use of all the necessary modules). The development of this module is justifiable at an academic level, since the QB50 project impacts on different aspects the academy (development of satellite systems), it must be taken into account that the QB50 challenge is presented to all the universities of the world and has a great impact on third world countries, providing the possibility of massive development and low launch costs.
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33

López, Danilo A., and Herney Arturo Garzón Romero. "Diseño e implementación de IPv6 en un sistema embebido." Revista Tecnura 17, no. 37 (September 18, 2013): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.14483/udistrital.jour.tecnura.2013.3.a14.

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En este artículo se propone un procedimiento para la implementación de protocolos de nueva generación en un sistema embebido. El objetivo es demostrar que este se puede conectar a Internet mediante IPv6, dando a conocer los aspectos necesarios para su soporte y realizando la implementación de un servidor web como muestra de su funcionamiento. Se eligió un microcontrolador que permite el uso de Ethernet (Coldfire V1 de Freescale), FreeRTOS para facilitar su manejo y el stack de protocolos uIP. Se encontró que es necesaria la implementación de un algoritmo adicional para el manejo de la capa de enlace y que no hay un estándar establecido ni metodología para su desarrollo en los distintos microcontroladores, por lo cual debe caracterizarse el hardware usado, considerar la inclusión de ciertos archivos y garantizar el desempeño de cada una de las capas, teniendo en cuenta el stack de protocolos usado.
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Luo, Haocai, and Changming Zhang. "Application of Fuzzy PID in Wheeled Robot." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2395, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2395/1/012073.

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Abstract At this stage, wheeled robots are widely used in various fields. Usually, the gimbal is mounted above the wheeled robot as a platform for carrying other functional modules, and for the normal working environment of the module. We will use the traditional PID control algorithm to keep the gimbal relatively stable. However, in the face of complex terrain, the gimbal will be subject to huge disturbances from the chassis. The traditional PID algorithm has low robustness and cannot cope with this situation. In this paper, a fuzzy controller for the self-stabilization of the gimbal is added to the wheeled robot designed in the RoboMaster competition to maintain the stability of the gimbal under the condition of an uneven road to ensure that the gimbal has strong robustness. This robot uses STM32F427IH, the main control chip, and JetsonNanoA02, the host computer, with the FreeRTOS real-time operating system to complete the motion control of the robot.
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Tertulino da Silva, Rodrigo Ronner, and Nuno Antunes. "PADRÕES DE SEGURANÇA PARA DISPOSITIVOS IOT LOW-END: UMA REVISÃO COMPARATIVA." RECIMA21 - Revista Científica Multidisciplinar - ISSN 2675-6218 4, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): e412437. http://dx.doi.org/10.47820/recima21.v4i1.2437.

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A Internet das coisas permite que pessoas e objetos estejam conectados a qualquer momento, em qualquer lugar, com qualquer objeto a qualquer pessoa, usando qualquer caminho/rede e qualquer serviço. Assim, leva a uma heterogeneidade desafiadora de componentes e redes. Diferentes sistemas operacionais foram desenvolvidos para dispositivos IoT de baixo custo com requisitos rigorosos impostos principalmente pela baixa capacidade de processar e armazenar informações em comparação com uma máquina convencional. Assim, o sistema operacional deve ser capaz de executar tarefas da forma mais eficiente possível. Em redes heterogêneas, como no caso da IoT, é mais complexo garantir a segurança e a privacidade dos sistemas que fazem parte desse ecossistema. A funcionalidade principal da IoT é baseada na troca de informações entre centenas ou até milhões de objetos com a Internet. Este trabalho realiza uma revisão comparativa dos principais recursos de segurança disponíveis em sistemas operacionais de baixo custo orientados para IoT, incluindo Contiki, RIOT-OS, TinyOS e FreeRTOS.
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Chen, Wei-Ming, Tei-Wei Kuo, and Pi-Cheng Hsiu. "Heterogeneity-aware Multicore Synchronization for Intermittent Systems." ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems 20, no. 5s (October 31, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3476992.

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Intermittent systems enable batteryless devices to operate through energy harvesting by leveraging the complementary characteristics of volatile (VM) and non-volatile memory (NVM). Unfortunately, alternate and frequent accesses to heterogeneous memories for accumulative execution across power cycles can significantly hinder computation progress. The progress impediment is mainly due to more CPU time being wasted for slow NVM accesses than for fast VM accesses. This paper explores how to leverage heterogeneous cores to mitigate the progress impediment caused by heterogeneous memories. In particular, a delegable and adaptive synchronization protocol is proposed to allow memory accesses to be delegated between cores and to dynamically adapt to diverse memory access latency. Moreover, our design guarantees task serializability across multiple cores and maintains data consistency despite frequent power failures. We integrated our design into FreeRTOS running on a Cypress device featuring heterogeneous dual cores and hybrid memories. Experimental results show that, compared to recent approaches that assume single-core intermittent systems, our design can improve computation progress at least 1.8x and even up to 33.9x by leveraging core heterogeneity.
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Delgadillo, Octavio, Bernhard Blieninger, Juri Kuhn, and Uwe Baumgarten. "A Generalistic Approach to Machine-Learning-Supported Task Migration on Real-Time Systems." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 12, no. 2 (May 3, 2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea12020026.

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Consolidating tasks to a smaller number of electronic control units (ECUs) is an important strategy for optimizing costs and resources in the automotive industry. In our research, we aim to enable ECU consolidation by migrating tasks at runtime between different ECUs, which adds redundancy and fail-safety capabilities to the system. In this paper, we present a setup with a generalistic and modular architecture that allows for integrating and testing different ECU architectures and machine learning (ML) models. As part of a holistic testbed, we introduce a collection of reproducible tasks, as well as a toolchain that controls the dynamic migration of tasks depending on ECU status and load. The migration is aided by the machine learning predictions on the schedulability analysis of possible future task distributions. To demonstrate the capabilities of the setup, we show its integration with FreeRTOS-based ECUs and two ML models—a long short-term memory (LSTM) network and a spiking neural network—along with a collection of tasks to distribute among the ECUs. Our approach shows a promising potential for machine-learning-based schedulability analysis and enables a comparison between different ML models.
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Roessler, Nick, and André DeHon. "SCALPEL: Exploring the Limits of Tag-enforced Compartmentalization." ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems 18, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3461673.

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We present Secure Compartments Automatically Learned and Protected by Execution using Lightweight metadata (SCALPEL), a tool for automatically deriving compartmentalization policies and lowering them to a tagged architecture for hardware-accelerated enforcement. SCALPEL allows a designer to explore high-quality points in the privilege-reduction vs. performance overhead tradeoff space using analysis tools and a detailed knowledge of the target architecture to make best use of the available hardware. SCALPEL automatically implements hundreds of compartmentalization strategies across the privilege-performance tradeoff space, all without manual tagging or code restructuring. SCALPEL uses two novel optimizations for achieving highly performant policies: the first is an algorithm for packing policies into working sets of rules for favorable rule cache characteristics, and the second is a rule prefetching system that allows it to exploit the highly predictable nature of compartmentalization rules. To create policies, SCALPEL introduces a quantitative privilege metric (the Overprivilege Ratio) that is used to drive its algorithmic compartment generation. We implement SCALPEL on a FreeRTOS stack and target a tag-extended RISC-V core. Our results show that SCALPEL-created policies can reduce overprivilege by orders of magnitude with hundreds of logical compartments while imposing low overheads (<5%).
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Blasi, Danilo, Luca Mainetti, Luigi Patrono, and Maria Laura Stefanizzi. "Implementation and Validation of a New Protocol Stack Architecture for Embedded Systems." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 9, no. 3 (September 23, 2013): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v9i3.145.

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The worldwide spreading of Internet, in combination with the development of new low power and low cost embedded devices, has enabled the so-called Internet of Things vision. Wireless Sensor Networks represent an invaluable resource for realizing such scenario, inside which new and innovative applications could be developed. However, the low availability of resources and the reduced processing capacity of the target embedded platforms make the development of the next-generation applications very challenging. This paper proposes an innovative system architecture, called STarch, able to simplify the development of new applications and protocols for resource-constrained objects. It is meant to follow the software engineering principles and to support a wide range of applications, making both the programming easier and the code portable over multiple hardware platforms. STarch simplifies the network configuration process, through the use of an automatic mechanism based on the XML language and it runs properly on different operating systems, including FreeRTOS and Contiki. The feasibility of the proposed architecture has been proved by using a test bed approach, while an extensive performance analysis have been carried out in order to demonstrate its effectiveness in terms of memory requirements and processing delays.
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Ochoa-Ruiz, Gilberto, Romain Bevan, Florent de Lamotte, Jean-Philippe Diguet, and Cheng-Cong Bao. "Real-Time Control System for Improved Precision and Throughput in an Ultrafast Carbon Fiber Placement Robot Using a SoC FPGA Extended Processing Platform." International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing 2017 (2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3298734.

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We present an architecture for accelerating the processing and execution of control commands in an ultrafast fiber placement robot. The system consists of a robotic arm designed by Coriolis Composites whose purpose is to move along a surface, on which composite fibers are deposed, via an independently controlled head. In first system implementation, the control commands were sent via Profibus by a PLC, limiting the reaction time and thus the precision of the fiber placement and the maximum throughput. Therefore, a custom real-time solution was imperative in order to ameliorate the performance and to meet the stringent requirements of the target industry (avionics, aeronautical systems). The solution presented in this paper is based on the use of a SoC FPGA processing platform running a real-time operating system (FreeRTOS), which has enabled an improved comamnd retrieval mechanism. The system’s placement precision was improved by a factor of 20 (from 1 mm to 0.05 mm), while the maximum achievable throughput was 1 m/s, compared to the average 30 cm/s provided by the original solution, enabling fabricating more complex and larger pieces in a significant fraction of the time.
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Truong, Truong Van, Anand Nayyar, and Mehedi Masud. "A novel air quality monitoring and improvement system based on wireless sensor and actuator networks using LoRa communication." PeerJ Computer Science 7 (September 16, 2021): e711. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.711.

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In this paper, we study the air quality monitoring and improvement system based on wireless sensor and actuator network using LoRa communication. The proposed system is divided into two parts, indoor cluster and outdoor cluster, managed by a Dragino LoRa gateway. Each indoor sensor node can receive information about the temperature, humidity, air quality, dust concentration in the air and transmit them to the gateway. The outdoor sensor nodes have the same functionality, add the ability to use solar power, and are waterproof. The full-duplex relay LoRa modules which are embedded FreeRTOS are arranged to forward information from the nodes they manage to the gateway via uplink LoRa. The gateway collects and processes all of the system information and makes decisions to control the actuator to improve the air quality through the downlink LoRa. We build data management and analysis online software based on The Things Network and TagoIO platform. The system can operate with a coverage of 8.5 km, where optimal distances are established between sensor nodes and relay nodes and between relay nodes and gateways at 4.5 km and 4 km, respectively. Experimental results observed that the packet loss rate in real-time is less than 0.1% prove the effectiveness of the proposed system.
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Ruge Ruge, Ilber Adonayt. "Prototipo de biorreactor aeróbico para el monitoreo y control del proceso de co-compostaje, a partir de lodos de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales y residuos sólidos orgánicos de plaza de mercado." Prospectiva 17, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15665/rp.v17i1.1673.

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El artículo describe el diseño e implementación de un prototipo de biorreactor que controla temperatura y humedad para la producción de co-compostaje usando lodos de planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales y residuos sólidos orgánicos. El bioreactor tipo batch se desarrolla para crear un ambiente controlado con propósitos de experimentación a nivel de laboratorio e investigación en la producción de bioabonos a partir del aprovechamiento de residuos industriales y municipales. Los controladores están diseñados a partir de sistema operativo FreeRTOS e implementados en plataforma de desarrollo Arduino Mega 2560, y cuyos puntos de operación se establecen para trabajar en rangos de temperatura termofilica y variedad de rangos de humedad. Adicional, el bioreactor dispone de un sistema de comunicación para conocer el comportamiento del proceso de descomposición tanto en laboratorio como su supervisión remota en tiempo real a través de internet. Los resultados del experimento de validación muestran una baja disminución del contenido de nitrógeno del sustrato y un aumento de su pH hasta 9,87; valores fuera de rango según la norma técnica colombiana NTC 5167 Productos para la industria agrícola. Sin embargo, se evidencia rangos aceptables de calcio, aluminio, sodio y fosforo, según el Departamento de Agricultura de Estados Unidos USDA.
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Azimi, Sarah, Corrado De Sio, Andrea Portaluri, Daniele Rizzieri, Eleonora Vacca, Luca Sterpone, and David Merodio Codinachs. "Exploring the Impact of Soft Errors on the Reliability of Real-Time Embedded Operating Systems." Electronics 12, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010169.

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The continuous scaling of electronic components has led to the development of high-performance microprocessors that are suitable even for safety-critical applications where radiation-induced errors such as Single Event Effects (SEEs) can have a significant impact on the performance and reliability of the system. This work is dedicated to investigating the reliability of systems based on programmable hardware and Real-time operating Systems (RTOS) in the presence of architectural faults induced by soft errors in the configuration memory of the programmable hardware. We performed a proton radiation test campaigned at PSI radiation facility to identify the fault model affecting the configuration memory of Xilinx Zynq-7020 reconfigurable AP-Soc Device. The identified fault model in terms of SEU and MBU clusters has been used to evaluate the impact of proton-induced faults on applications running within FreeRTOS on a Microblaze soft processor. A Single Event Multiple Upset fault model resulting from a proton test is presented, focusing on characteristics such as shape, size, and frequency of observed cluster of errors. We conduct two fault injection campaigns and analyze the results to assess the effect of cluster size on system reliability. Moreover, we discuss software exceptions caused by faults that can affect the hardware structure of the soft processor.
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Rohman, Fatkhur, Nurhadi Nurhadi, and Mira Esculenta Martawati. "Unjuk Kerja GPIO, PWM, ADC dan Timer pada Mikrokontroler STM32F103, ESP32S dan ATMega328." JURNAL ELTEK 19, no. 2 (October 29, 2021): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/eltek.v19i2.295.

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Perangkat embedded system pada masa sekarang memiliki banyak pilihan terhadap jenis mikrokontroler yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Hal ini menjadi tantangan tersendiri bagi pengguna ketika diharuskan untuk memilih salah satu jenis mikrokontroler tersebut. Sebagai contoh permasalahan apakah mikrokontroler yang telah dipilih tersebut memiliki sejumlah pin GPIO yang diinginkan, dengan frekuensi switching yang tinggi, berapakah jumlah kanal, resolusi, linieritas dan durasi konversi ADC, bagaimana kemampuan peripheral internal DAC, Timer dan PWM yang bisa dibangkitkan dari mikrokontroler tersebut. Penelitian ini telah membandingkan setidaknya 4 peripheral internal utama yang dimiliki oleh 3 jenis mikrokontroler. Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan menguji karakteristik GPIO, PWM, TIMER dan ADC pada 3 jenis mikrokontroler yaitu Arduino ATMega328, STM32F103C8 dan ESP32. Eksperiment dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi frekuensi switching digital ouput, mengevaluasi resolusi sinyal hasil konversi ADC, mengevaluasi ketepatan hasil instruksi delay berkaitan dengan timer program dan waktu konversi sinyal DAC semuanya dilakukan pada masing-masing mikrokontroler. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini menunjukkan, mikrokontroler ESP32 memiliki unjuk kerja GPIO, PWM, TIMER dan ADC terbaik apabila dibandingkan dengan jenis lainnya. Penelitian ini juga membuktikan integrasi FreeRTOS pada Framework Arduino bisa berfungsi dengan optimal meskipun mikrokontroler berjalan pada 2 task yang berbeda di 2 core CPU yang bekerja secara pararel. Frekuensi switching digital output pada ESP32 mampu mencapai 3MHz, waktu konversi ADC hanya 5,7us dan DAC hanya 3,7us. Today's embedded systems have many choices for the type of microcontroller that suits the needs. This is a challenge in itself for users when required to choose one type of microcontroller. For example, the problem of whether the selected microcontroller has the desired number of GPIO pins, with a high switching frequency, what is the number of channels, resolution, linearity, and duration of the ADC conversion, what is the ability of the internal DAC, Timer and PWM peripherals that can be generated from the microcontroller. This study has compared at least 4 main internal peripherals owned by 3 types of microcontrollers. The method used is to test the characteristics of the GPIO, PWM, TIMER, and ADC on 3 types of microcontrollers, namely Arduino ATMega328, STM32F103C8, and ESP32. The experiment was carried out by evaluating the digital output switching frequency, evaluating the signal resolution of the ADC conversion result, evaluating the accuracy of the delay instruction results related to the program timer and DAC signal conversion time, all of which were carried out on each microcontroller. The final results of this study indicate that the ESP32 microcontroller has the best GPIO, PWM, TIMER, and ADC performance when compared to other types. This research also proves that the FreeRTOS integration on the Arduino Framework can function optimally even though the microcontroller runs on 2 different tasks on 2 CPU cores that work in parallel. The digital output switching frequency on the ESP32 is capable of reaching 3MHz, the ADC conversion time is only 5.7us and the DAC is the only 3.7us.
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Latachi, Ibtissam, Tajjeeddine Rachidi, Mohammed Karim, and Ahmed Hanafi. "Reusable and Reliable Flight-Control Software for a Fail-Safe and Cost-Efficient Cubesat Mission: Design and Implementation." Aerospace 7, no. 10 (October 10, 2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7100146.

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While there is no rigorous framework to develop nanosatellites flight software, this manuscript aimed to explore and establish processes to design a reliable and reusable flight software architecture for cost-efficient student Cubesat missions such as Masat-1. Masat-1 is a 1Unit CubeSat, developed using a systems engineering approach, off-the-shelf components and open-source software tools. It was our aim to use it as a test-bed platform and as an initial reference for Cubesat flight software development in Morocco. The command and data handling system chosen for Masat-1 is a system-on-module-embedded computer running freeRTOS. A real-time operating system was used in order to simplify the real-time onboard management. To ensure software design reliability, modularity, reusability and extensibility, our solution follows a layered service oriented architectural pattern, and it is based on a finite state machine in the application layer to execute the mission functionalities in a deterministic manner. Moreover, a client-server model was elected to ensure the inter-process communication and resources access while using uniform APIs to enhance cross-platform data exchange. A hierarchical fault tolerance architecture was also implemented after a systematic assessment of the Masat-1 mission risks using reliability block diagrams (RBDs) and functional failure mode, effect and criticality analysis (FMECA).
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46

Singh, D. Joseph Sunder, and Mrs L. Padmalatha. "Development of HTTP Server for Remote Data Monitoring and Recording System." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS & TECHNOLOGY 11, no. 4 (October 10, 2013): 2440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijct.v11i4.3127.

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This paper focuses on development of remote data monitoring and recording system in industries. Now a days we are using many Networked embedded systems for monitoring and control the home or industrial devices.These low cost devices are capable of reporting and receiving information in just the same way that computers on a network. The advent of Internet communication standard, TCP/IP, offers significant potential in terms of remote monitoring and management of construction sites using embedded systems. In this paper the design method of low cost system of remote data monitoring, and recording is designed based on ARM. For this a small HTTP SERVER is built in LPC2148 and it is connected with the remote monitoring terminal through Ethernet. The data can be stored in the SD Card via SPI interface. At the same time, for the sake of the versatility, the FAT file system is built in the SD Card. So, an Ethernet-enabled remote data monitoring system with the ability of data recording is built. This design is having advantage of cost-effective, easily realized, stable and reliable transmission. It can be connected to the INTERNET or LAN through TCP/IP protocol. FreeRTOS is used as an operating system running on ARM processor, an industrial grade RTOS for hard time applications. By this design the data is sent without a PC and system favour’s large scale data acquisition system.
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47

Chodnicki, Marcin, Katarzyna Bartnik, Miroslaw Nowakowski, and Grzegorz Kowaleczko. "Design and analysis of a feedback loop to regulate the basic parameters of the unmanned aircraft." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 3 (October 18, 2018): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2018-0039.

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Purpose The motivation to perform research on feedback control system for unmanned aerial vehicles, a fact that each quadrocopter is unstable. Design/methodology/approach For this reason, it is necessary to design a control system which is capable of making unmanned aerial vehicle vertical take-off and landing (UAV VTOL) stable and controllable. For this purpose, it was decided to use a feedback control system with cascaded PID controller. The main reason for using it was that PID controllers are simple to implement and do not use much hardware resources. Moreover, cascaded control systems allow to control object response using more parameters than in a standard PID control. STM32 microcontrollers were used to make a real control system. The rapid prototyping using Embedded Coder Toolbox, FreeRTOS and STM32 CubeMX was conducted to design the algorithm of the feedback control system with cascaded PID controller for unmanned aerial vehicle vertical take-off and landings (UAV VTOLs). Findings During research, an algorithm of UAV VTOL control using the feedback control system with cascaded PID controller was designed. Tests were performed for the designed algorithm in the model simulation in Matlab/Simulink and in the real conditions. Originality/value It has been proved that an additional control loop must have a full PID controller. Moreover, a new library is presented for STM32 microcontrollers made using the Embedded Coder Toolbox just for the research. This library enabled to use rapid prototyping while developing the control algorithms.
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Adnastarontsau, A. A., D. A. Adnastarontsava, R. V. Fiodortsev, D. V. Katser, A. Y. Liavonau, D. V. Romanov, D. N. Tcherniakovski, and A. О. Mikhailau. "Algorithm for Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the Process of Visual Tracking of Objects with a Variable Movement’s Trajectory." Devices and Methods of Measurements 12, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2220-9506-2021-12-1-46-57.

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The purpose of the research was to create an algorithm for determining and correcting the output parameters of the navigation module and the flight-navigation complex of unmanned aerial vehicles which provides control of an aviation gyro-stabilized platform with a multispectral optoelectronic system during flight and tracking various objects of observation.Principles of control of an aviation technical vision system located on an unmanned aerial vehicle on a two-degree gyro-stabilized platform with the possibility of full turn around two perpendicular axes along the course and pitch are considered. Stability of tracking of observation objects at a distance of up to 10000 m is ensured by the use of a multispectral optoelectronic system including a rangefinder, thermal imaging and two visual channels.Analysis of the object of observation and the method of its support are carried out. An algorithm is proposed for integrating a Global Navigation Satellite System and a strapdown inertial navigation system based on the extended Kalman filter which includes two stages of calculations, extrapolation (prediction) and correction. Specialized software in the FreeRTOS v9.0 environment has been developed to obtain a navigation solution: latitude, longitude and altitude of the unmanned aerial vehicle in the WGS-84 coordinate system, as well as the pitch, heading and roll angles; north, east and vertical components of velocities in the navigation coordinate system; longitudinal, vertical and transverse components of free accelerations and angular velocities in the associated coordinate system based on data from the receiving and measuring module of the Global Navigation Satellite System and data from the 6-axis MEMS sensor STIM300.
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Shammar, Elham Ali, and Ammar Thabit Zahary. "The Internet of Things (IoT): a survey of techniques, operating systems, and trends." Library Hi Tech 38, no. 1 (October 5, 2019): 5–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-12-2018-0200.

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Purpose Internet has changed radically in the way people interact in the virtual world, in their careers or social relationships. IoT technology has added a new vision to this process by enabling connections between smart objects and humans, and also between smart objects themselves, which leads to anything, anytime, anywhere, and any media communications. IoT allows objects to physically see, hear, think, and perform tasks by making them talk to each other, share information and coordinate decisions. To enable the vision of IoT, it utilizes technologies such as ubiquitous computing, context awareness, RFID, WSN, embedded devices, CPS, communication technologies, and internet protocols. IoT is considered to be the future internet, which is significantly different from the Internet we use today. The purpose of this paper is to provide up-to-date literature on trends of IoT research which is driven by the need for convergence of several interdisciplinary technologies and new applications. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive IoT literature review has been performed in this paper as a survey. The survey starts by providing an overview of IoT concepts, visions and evolutions. IoT architectures are also explored. Then, the most important components of IoT are discussed including a thorough discussion of IoT operating systems such as Tiny OS, Contiki OS, FreeRTOS, and RIOT. A review of IoT applications is also presented in this paper and finally, IoT challenges that can be recently encountered by researchers are introduced. Findings Studies of IoT literature and projects show the disproportionate importance of technology in IoT projects, which are often driven by technological interventions rather than innovation in the business model. There are a number of serious concerns about the dangers of IoT growth, particularly in the areas of privacy and security; hence, industry and government began addressing these concerns. At the end, what makes IoT exciting is that we do not yet know the exact use cases which would have the ability to significantly influence our lives. Originality/value This survey provides a comprehensive literature review on IoT techniques, operating systems and trends.
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Coman, Sonia. "Charles Lang Freer’s Japanese Ceramics." Journal of Japonisme 7, no. 2 (December 1, 2022): 95–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24054992-07020001.

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Abstract At the turn of the twentieth century through its first decades, in the context of an increasingly international and interconnected Japonisme, the collecting activity of Detroit-based industrialist Charles Lang Freer (1854–1919) in the area of Japanese ceramics epitomized a key transition from a collector’s individual taste to the collection’s role in the public discourse on Asian art. This essay traces this evolution by exploring Freer’s collecting patterns, the influence of his network of dealers and advisors, and his relationship with the art market. At the intersection of personal choice and public prominence, Freer’s Japanese ceramics became an instrument of legitimization for emerging canons of Japanese art.
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