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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Freie Energie

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Academic literature on the topic 'Freie Energie'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Freie Energie"

1

Steinhöfel, I., J. Gottschalk, M. Fürll, and D. Goerigk. "Peripartaler Energie- und Fettstoffwechsel bei Färsen unterschiedlicher Aufzuchtintensität." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe G: Großtiere / Nutztiere 38, no. 06 (2010): 339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1624007.

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Zusammenfassung: Ziel dieser Studie war, Auswirkungen unterschiedlicher Fütterungsprotokolle während der Aufzuchtperiode auf den peripartalen Energie- und Fettstoffwechsel bei Färsen zu untersuchen. Material und Methoden: Aus 46 Kälbern der Rasse Holstein Friesian wurden drei Fütterungsgruppen gebildet. Bei Tieren der Gruppe 1 erfolgte eine optimale Fütterung (Kontrollgruppe), bei Tieren der Gruppe 2 eine intensive und bei Probanden der Gruppe 3 eine restriktive Fütterung. Vor und nach der Kalbung wurde Blut entnommen und das Gewicht sowie die Rückenfettdicke der Rinder bestimmt. Im Serum wurden die Konzentrationen der folgenden Parameter gemessen: Insulin, Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Glukose, freie Fettsäuren (FFS), Bilirubin, Cholesterin, Harnstoff, Betahydroxybutyrat (BHB) sowie Gesamteiweiß. Ergebnisse: Die intensiv aufgezogenen Tiere konzipierten signifikant (p < 0,05) früher als die Färsen der beiden anderen Gruppen. Signifikante Unterschiede (p < 0,05) zwischen den Gruppen ergaben sich hinsichtlich der IGF-1-, Insulin-, FFS- und Cholesterinkonzentrationen ante partum sowie den Bilirubin-, und FFS-Konzentrationen post partum. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich eine unterschiedliche Intensität bei der Kälberaufzucht sowohl auf die Zuchtreife als auch auf den peripartalen Energie- und Fettstoffwechsel von Färsen auswirkt, wobei der Stoffwechsel der intensiv aufgezogenen Färsen eine stärkere Belastung aufweist. Auch die Milchleistung und die Fruchtbarkeit werden durch die unterschiedliche Aufzuchtintensität beeinflusst.

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Attinà, Marina, Fulvio Cacace, and Andreina Ricci. "Die Erweiterung von Freie-Energie-Beziehungen auf ionische Reaktionen in der Gasphase; konkurrierende Alkylierung substituierter Benzonitrile durch (CH3)2Cl+-Ionen." Angewandte Chemie 103, no. 11 (November 1991): 1527–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19911031129.

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Nuoffer and Mullis. "Hypoglykämien – Diagnostik und Therapie im Notfall." Therapeutische Umschau 62, no. 8 (August 1, 2005): 543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.62.8.543.

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Als Hypoglykämie wird grundsätzlich ein Blutzucker unter 2.5 mmol/l bezeichnet. Hypoglykämien sind immer Notfallsituationen, obwohl die primäre Therapie einfach ist, setzen die differentialdiagnostischen Überlegungen zur korrekten Interpretation der Laborresultate aber eine gute Kenntnis der Blutzucker Regulation voraus. Die Glukosezufuhr erfolgt hauptsächlich über die Ernährung. Beim Fasten oder in anderen katabolen Situationen werden unter der Kontrolle von Hormonen (Insulin, Glukagon, Adrenalin, Wachstumshormon, Cortisol) sequenziell verschiedene Stoffwechselwege (Glykogenolyse, Glukoneogenese, Lipolyse, Ketogenese) an- respektive abgeschaltet. Diese Mechanismen erlauben den Blutzucker prä-, postprandial und gefastet in einem engen Bereich von 2.5–7.7 mmol/l zu halten. Glukose ist wie Sauerstoff von fundamentaler Bedeutung für die Funktion des Gehirns. Im ersten Lebensjahr wird bis 70 % der Energie im ZNS metabolisiert, beim Erwachsenen sind es nur noch rund 25%. Eine Hypoglykämie führt daher vor allem bei Kindern häufig zu neurologischen Symptomen. Die Ursachen der Hypoglykämie können seltene, aber lebensbedrohliche Stoffwechselkrankheiten, endokrinologische Störungen, Intoxikationen oder am häufigsten sogenannte funktionelle ketotische Hypoglykämien sein. Die diagnostischen Parameter wie Glukose, freie Fettsäuren, Ketonkörper und Hormone sind Momentaufnahmen der aktuellen Stoffwechsellage. Demzufolge muss vor Glukose Gabe, Blut und Urin für weitere Abklärungen asserviert werden. Die primäre Therapie ist einfach, jedoch unspezifisch und besteht in der raschen Normalisierung des Blutzuckers durch eine intravenöse Zufuhr von Glukose. Ein einfaches Basislabor, gezielte anamnestische Angaben und die klinischen Befunde erlauben meistens eine rasche Differenzialdiagnose. Sie bestimmen auch die weiteren Untersuchungen aus den asservierten Proben und erlauben falls nötig, rasch eine spezifische Therapie einzuleiten.

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Seo, Jun-Hyung, Chul-Seoung Baek, Young-Jin Kim, Moon-Kwan Choi, Kye-Hong Cho, and Ji-Whan Ahn. "Study on the Free CaO Analysis of Coal Ash in the Domestic Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion using ethylene glycol method." Journal of Energy Engineering 26, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5855/energy.2017.26.1.001.

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Büttner, H., and N. Flytzanis. "Effective free energies." Physical Review A 36, no. 7 (October 1, 1987): 3443–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.36.3443.

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Sch�fer, Heiko, Wilfred F. Van Gunsteren, and Alan E. Mark. "Estimating relative free energies from a single ensemble: Hydration free energies." Journal of Computational Chemistry 20, no. 15 (November 30, 1999): 1604–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-987x(19991130)20:15<1604::aid-jcc2>3.0.co;2-a.

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Sandler, Stanley I., Johann Fischer, and Frank Reschke. "Free energies of mixing." Fluid Phase Equilibria 45, no. 2-3 (April 1989): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-3812(89)80261-4.

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Gehlen, John N., David Chandler, Hyung J. Kim, and James T. Hynes. "Free energies of electron transfer." Journal of Physical Chemistry 96, no. 4 (February 1992): 1748–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100183a047.

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Tunon, I., E. Silla, and J. L. Pascual-Ahuir. "Evaluation of transfer free energies." Journal of Physical Chemistry 98, no. 2 (January 1994): 377–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100053a001.

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Pasqualini, Enrique E., and Marisol López. "Neutral carbon chain free energies." Chemical Physics Letters 320, no. 5-6 (April 2000): 415–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00251-7.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Freie Energie"

1

Holzknecht, Christopher [Verfasser]. "Berechnungen zu fluiden Phasengrenzen mit Ansätzen für die freie Energie im Vergleich mit molekulardynamischen Simulationen / Christopher Holzknecht." Aachen : Shaker, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1166514056/34.

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Krien, Uwe [Verfasser]. "Erweiterung der Bewertungskriterien von regionalen Strom-Wärme-Modellen durch die Kopplung mit einem überregionalen Modell : Eine freie Python Toolbox / Uwe Krien." Düren : Shaker, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1225654041/34.

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Sheng, Shuhong. "Investigations into superhard nitride- and oxide-based nanocomposites by means of combined ab initio DFT and thermodynamic calculations." kostenfrei, 2010. https://mediatum2.ub.tum.de/node?id=822033.

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Piccini, GiovanniMaria. "Ab initio free energies of adsorption from anharmonic vibrations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17239.

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Die Thermodynamik von Adsorptionsvorgängen wurde mittels quantenchemischer Methoden und der statistischen Thermodynamik untersucht. Eine neue rechentechnische Methode wird vorgestellt, die den Mangel an Genauigkeit vorhandener Methoden zur Untersuchung periodischer Systeme, wie z. B. der Dichte-Funktional-Theorie, behebt, und es ermöglicht thermodynamische Funktionen mit chemischer Genauigkeit zu bestimmen. Das im Rahmen dieser Arbeit entwickelte Protokoll besteht aus verschiedenen rechentechnischen Schritten, als da wären, eine Strukturoptimierung in Normalkoordinaten anstatt in kartesischen Koordinaten, eine numerische Berechnung der harmonischen Frequenzen durch Abtasten der Potentialenergieoberfläche entlang der Normalkoordinaten und anschließender anharmonischer Korrektur. Die Normalkoordinatenoptimierung garantiert eine korrekte Relaxation der Struktur mit ausschließlich reellen harmonischen Frequenzen. Die anharmonischen Korrekturen ermöglichen eine gute Beschreibung der Schwingungsstrukturen von Systemen die durch eine besonders Flache PES gekennzeichnet sind. Gleichzeitig, wird durch die Verwendung eines QM:QM-Hybridverfahrens zur Bestimmung des elektronischen Anteils der Adsorptionsenergie eine höhere Genauigkeit in der Bestimmung der Korrelationsenergie im Vergleich zu DFT garantiert. Der elektronische Anteil der Adsorptionsenergie, sowie der Schwingungsthermische Anteil werden abschließend kombiniert um einen genauen Wert der thermodynamischen Funktionen zu erhalten.
The thermodynamic of adsorption is investigated from the vibrational point of view using quantum chemical methods via statistical mechanics. Due to the lack of accuracy of the present available methods for investigating periodic systems, such as plane-wave density functional theory (DFT), a novel computational strategy is presented to overcome these limitations and bring the estimate of the thermodynamic functions within chemical accuracy limits. The protocol presented in this work consists of different computational steps, namely a structure optimization using normal mode coordinates instead of Cartesians, a numerical harmonic frequency calculation via sampling of the potential energy surface along the normal mode coordinates and the inclusion of anharmonic correction to the latter. The normal mode coordinate optimization ensures a proper relaxation of the structure and a reliable set of real harmonic frequencies while the anharmonic corrections account for a proper description of the vibrational structure of a system characterized by a very flat potential energy surface. Parallel to these calculations the electronic part of the adsorption energy is corrected using a hybrid QM:QM scheme to account the electronic correlations effects more accurately than DFT. The hybrid electronic adsorption energy and the vibrational thermal contributions obtained using anharmonic corrections are finally combined to get accurate estimate of the adsorption thermodynamic functions.

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Richter, Wolfgang, and Joachim Seifert. "Zur Anordnung von freien Heizflächen in Gebäuden mit höherem Wärmeschutzniveau." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1200579061673-72892.

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Die immer schneller steigenden Energiepreise haben in der jüngsten Vergangenheit eine breite Diskussion über Energieeffizienz und alternative Erzeugungsverfahren ausgelöst. Von besonderer Bedeutung ist dies für den Gebäudesektor und die darin installierte Anlagentechnik, da in Deutschland ca. 30 % des Energieverbrauches hier anfallen. Eine Minderung dieses Verbrauches kann nur durch eine Vielzahl von Maßnahmen erreicht werden, die schon bei der Planung berücksichtigt werden müssen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird in diesem Artikel die Anordnung von freien Heizflächen im Raum untersucht sowie energetische und wärmephysiologische Ergebnisse aufgezeigt. Die beschriebenen Analysen wurden für eine repräsentative Raumgeometrie vorgenommen, wodurch es möglich ist, die Aussagen auf eine Vielzahl von Räumen zu übertragen
The steady rise in energy prices has recently triggered a broad discussion on energy efficiency and alternative methods of generation. Since approximately 30 % of the total energy consumption is attributable to HVAC installations (Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning), this sector is acutely relevant for the building industry and for building services. Reduction of the building energy consumption can be achieved only by applying a wide range of measures across the whole process from planning to the realisation stage. Considering the aforementioned, the influence on thermal comfort and energy consumption of different radiator positions within a room is described in the following paper. The analysis was carried out for a representative room geometry, which allows the results to be applied to a broad spectrum of real room configurations

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Mohamed, Noor Asidah Binti. "The evaluation of protein-ligand binding free energies using advanced potential energy function." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/428049/.

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Electronic polarisation is one of the components that plays an important role in many biomolecular systems. The effects of polarisation will act differently depending on the local environment of the system, such as in DNA, proteins and membranes. Traditionally, molecular mechanical force fields describe electrostatics as the interactions of fixed, atom-centred, point charges. Hence the past decade has seen many additions and improvements to existing force fields to better correlate dynamics with experimental observations. A better description of electrostatics by the inclusion of electronic polarisation is one such improvement. The AMOEBA polarisable force field is one of many possible models that is designed to be capable of capturing this effect. AMOEBA includes mutually polarising induced atomic dipoles at every atomic site, as well as a multipolar representation of fixed electrostatics. To investigate applications of AMOEBA and where its successes over existing fixed-charge methods may lie, we first evaluate features and performance of the AMOEBA polarisable force field in simple systems based on the evaluation of solvation free energies for small molecules in a range of common organic solvents. Here, we pointed out several challenges and limitations of AMOEBA in this study involving non-aqueous solvents. Then, we further our investigation on more complex systems including protein-ligand interactions. Initially, clear cases of failure in fixed-point-charge force fields were identified by exploring the sensitivity of the calculated free energies to parameter sets and simulation protocols of protein-ligand systems, focusing on binding free energy calculations of the cytochrome c peroxidase protein using the AMBER force field. Finally, we use these results to inform binding free energy calculations for testing of the AMOEBA force field. We discuss the implications of these results for better understanding and improving AMOEBA to aid its full implementation in other biological applications.

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7

Mayer, Jürgen. "Investigation of the biophysical basis for cell organelle morphology." Master's thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-26600.

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It is known that fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe maintains its nuclear envelope during mitosis and it undergoes an interesting shape change during cell division - from a spherical via an ellipsoidal and a peanut-like to a dumb-bell shape. However, the biomechanical system behind this amazing transformation is still not understood. What we know is, that the shape must change due to forces acting on the membrane surrounding the nucleus and the microtubule based mitotic spindle is thought to play a key role. To estimate the locations and directions of the forces, the shape of the nucleus was recorded by confocal light microscopy. But such data is often inhomogeneously labeled with gaps in the boundary, making classical segmentation impractical. In order to accurately determine the shape we developed a global parametric shape description method, based on a Fourier coordinate expansion. The method implicitly assumes a closed and smooth surface. We will calculate the geometrical properties of the 2-dimensional shape and extend it to 3-dimensional properties, assuming rotational symmetry. Using a mechanical model for the lipid bilayer and the so called Helfrich-Canham free energy we want to calculate the minimum energy shape while respecting system-specific constraints to the surface and the enclosed volume. Comparing it with the observed shape leads to the forces. This provides the needed research tools to study forces based on images.

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Mayer, Jürgen. "Investigation of the biophysical basis for cell organelle morphology." Master's thesis, Max-Planck-Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie und Genetik, 2008. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A25225.

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It is known that fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe maintains its nuclear envelope during mitosis and it undergoes an interesting shape change during cell division - from a spherical via an ellipsoidal and a peanut-like to a dumb-bell shape. However, the biomechanical system behind this amazing transformation is still not understood. What we know is, that the shape must change due to forces acting on the membrane surrounding the nucleus and the microtubule based mitotic spindle is thought to play a key role. To estimate the locations and directions of the forces, the shape of the nucleus was recorded by confocal light microscopy. But such data is often inhomogeneously labeled with gaps in the boundary, making classical segmentation impractical. In order to accurately determine the shape we developed a global parametric shape description method, based on a Fourier coordinate expansion. The method implicitly assumes a closed and smooth surface. We will calculate the geometrical properties of the 2-dimensional shape and extend it to 3-dimensional properties, assuming rotational symmetry. Using a mechanical model for the lipid bilayer and the so called Helfrich-Canham free energy we want to calculate the minimum energy shape while respecting system-specific constraints to the surface and the enclosed volume. Comparing it with the observed shape leads to the forces. This provides the needed research tools to study forces based on images.

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9

Cave-Ayland, Christopher. "Quantum free energy techniques." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/375028/.

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10

Donnini, S. (Serena). "Computing free energies of protein-ligand association." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2007. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514285745.

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Abstract Spontaneous changes in protein systems, such as the binding of a ligand to an enzyme or receptor, are characterized by a decrease of free energy. Despite the recent developments in computing power and methodology, it remains challenging to accurately estimate free energy changes. Major issues are still concerned with the accuracy of the underlying model to describe the protein system and how well the calculation in fact emulates the behaviour of the system. This thesis is largely concerned with the quality of current free energy calculation methods as applied to protein-ligand systems. Several methodologies were employed to calculate Gibbs standard free energies of binding for a collection of protein-ligand complexes, for which experimental affinities were available. Calculations were performed using system description with different levels of accuracy and included a continuum approach, which considers the protein and the ligand at the atomic level but includes solvent as a polarizable continuum, and an all-atom approach that relies on molecular dynamics simulations. In most such applications, the effects of ionic strength are neglected. However, the severity of this approximation, in particular when calculating free energies of charged ligands, is not very clear. The issue of incorporating ionic strength in free energy calculations by means of explicit ions was investigated in greater detail and considerable attention was given to the affinities of charged peptides in the presence of explicit counter-ions. A second common approximation is concerned with the description of ligands that exhibit multiple protonation states. Because most of current methods do not model changes in the acid dissociation constants of titrating groups upon binding, protonation equilibria of such ligands are not taken into account in free energy calculations. The implications of this approximation when predicting affinities were analysed. Finally, when calculating free energies of binding, a correct description of the interactions between the protein and the ligand is of fundamental importance. However, active sites of enzymes, where strained conformations may hold a functional role, are not always accurately modelled by molecular mechanics force fields. The case of a strained planar proline in the active site of triosephosphate isomerase was investigated using an hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics method, which implies a higher level of accuracy.

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Books on the topic "Freie Energie"

1

Holzknecht, Christopher. Berechnungen zu fluiden Phasengrenzen mit Ansätzen für die freie Energie im Vergleich mit molekulardynamischen Simulationen. Aachen: Shaker, 2005.

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Thermal physics: Entropy and free energies. River Edge, N.J: World Scientific, 2002.

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Franke, Rainer. Klopfen Sie sich frei!: M.E.T. Meridian-Energie-Techniken. 2nd ed. Tutzing/Starnberger See: BIO Ritter, 2004.

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Qiao, Jianyong. Julia sets and complex singularities of free energies. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2014.

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Oostenbrink, Chris. Free energies from biomolecular simulation: Force fields, methodology and applications. Aachen: Shaker Verlag, 2005.

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Johanna, Henkel-Waidhofer Brigitte, ed. Free Energy: Energiewende-verblüffend einfach. Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder, 2012.

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Guerilla marketing for free: 100 no-cost tactics to promote your business and energize your profits. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003.

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Charnetski, Bill. The energy sector and the free trade agreement: Entrenching free market principles. Toronto, Ont: [Ontario Centre for International Business, International Business and Trade Law Program], 1988.

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Pipe, Jim. Gas: The clean fossil fuel? London: Franklin Watts, 2010.

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1954-, Jeffrey Kevin, ed. Free energy afloat. Newport, R.I: Seven Seas Press, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Freie Energie"

1

Haase, Rolf. "Freie Energie." In Thermodynamik, 104–6. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85352-4_17.

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Karow, Julia. "Die freie Energie." In Biochemie 2, 13–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55064-9_4.

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Cemič, Ladislav. "Gibbs’sche Freie Energie und Freie Enthalpie." In Thermodynamik in der Mineralogie, 133–83. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73296-6_8.

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Knizia, Klaus. "Der Wettbewerb um ‚freie Energie‘." In Schöpferische Zerstörung = zerstörte Schöpfung? Die Industriegesellschaft und die Diskussion der Energiefrage, 8–9. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-90078-4_1.

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Burgot, Jean-Louis. "Free Energy, Free Enthalpy— Helmholtz and Gibbs Energies." In Thermodynamics in Bioenergetics, 83–91. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2019. | “A science publishers book.”: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351034227-14.

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Klein, Hans Joachim. "Energie frei Haus?" In Technik von gestern für die Ziele von morgen?, 115–24. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-84270-1_8.

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Brenig, Wilhelm. "Fluktuationsbeiträge zur freien Energie." In Springer-Lehrbuch, 281–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97842-5_47.

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Brenig, Wilhelm. "Fluktuationsbeiträge zur freien Energie." In Springer-Lehrbuch, 301–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61038-7_47.

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Moses, Carl O. "Free Energy." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 518–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39312-4_41.

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Moses, Carl O. "Free Energy." In Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_41-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Freie Energie"

1

Thul, Daniel J., Robert Bernath, Nathan Bodnar, Haley Kerrigan, Danielle Reyes, Jessica Peña, Patrick Roumayah, Shermineh Rostami Fairchild, and Martin C. Richardson. "Initial high-intensity laser propagation experiments at the mobile ultrafast high-energy laser facility (MU-HELF)." In Free-Space Laser Communications XXXI, edited by Hamid Hemmati and Don M. Boroson. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2513441.

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Glasgow, S., and M. Ware. "Free Energies of Dielectrics." In Slow and Fast Light. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sl.2009.sma5.

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Katz, Evan J., Benjamin Child, Ian R. Nemitz, Brian E. Vyhnalek, Tony D. Roberts, Andrew Hohne, Bertram M. Floyd, Jonathan Dietz, and John D. Lekki. "Studies on a time-energy entangled photon pair source and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for increased quantum system efficiency." In Free-Space Laser Communications XXXI, edited by Hamid Hemmati and Don M. Boroson. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2508736.

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Jiang, Shibin. "High Pulse Energy Single Frequency Fiber Lasers." In Applications of Lasers for Sensing and Free Space Communications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/lsc.2015.lt4d.1.

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Darwesh, Laialy, and Shlomi Arnon. "Energy reduction using multi-channels optical wireless communication based OFDM." In Advanced Free-Space Optical Communication Techniques and Applications, edited by Henry J. White and Florian Moll. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2279380.

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Krzakala, Florent, Andre Manoel, Eric W. Tramel, and Lenka Zdeborova. "Variational free energies for compressed sensing." In 2014 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isit.2014.6875083.

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Antxustegi, Mirari, Maria Gonzalez-Alriols, Aitor Urresti, Alvaro Campos, Alain Ulazia, and Gabriel Ibarra-Berastegi. "TEACHING RENEWABLE ENERGIES USING FREE SOFTWARE: A CASE STUDY WITH R APPLIED TO OCEAN ENERGY." In International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2016.0891.

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Katz, Sandor D., Zoltan Fodor, Antal Jakovac, and Kalman Szabo. "Static quark free energies at finite temperature." In The XXV International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.042.0196.

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HÜBNER, K., O. KACZMAREK, F. KARSCH, and O. VOGT. "FREE ENERGIES OF STATIC THREE QUARK SYSTEMS." In Proceedings of the SEWM2004 Meeting. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812702159_0057.

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Singh, Rita, and Kenichi Kumatani. "Free energy for speech recognition." In ICASSP 2015 - 2015 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2015.7178825.

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Reports on the topic "Freie Energie"

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Williams, Timothy J., Ramesh Balakrishnan, Brian K. Radak, James C. Phillips, Wei Jiang, Sunhwan Jo, Laxmikant V. Kale, Klaus Schulten, and Benoit Roux. Free Energy Landscapes of Membrane Transport Proteins. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1483996.

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Plodinec, M. J. Free energy of hydration of niobium oxide. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/525049.

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Morrison, P., and D. Pfirsch. The free energy of Maxwell-Vlasov equilibria. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5328136.

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Fisch, N. J., and J. M. Rax. Free energy in plasmas under wave-induced diffusion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10160209.

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Grol, Eric, Alexander Zoelle, and Howard McIlvried. Enthalpy and Free Energy of CO2 Utilization Pathways. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1608105.

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Litvinenko V. and Y. Derbenev. Free Electron Lasers and High-Energy Electron Cooling. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1061881.

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Fisch, N. J., and J. M. Rax. Free energy in plasmas under wave-induced diffusion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7368750.

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Tracy, Gene V., and Eugene Song. High Energy, Lead-Free Ignition Formulation for Thermate. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada400193.

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Anovitz, L. M. Electrochemical determination of the Gibbs free energies of rock-forming minerals. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/41335.

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Sellgren, Katelyn, Christopher Gregory, Michael Hunt, Ashkay Raut, Brian Hawkins, Charles Parker, Ethan Klem, Jeffrey Piascik, and Brian Stoner. Development of an Electrochemical Process for Blackwater Disinfection in a Freestanding, Additive-Free Toilet. RTI Press, April 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.rr.0031.1704.

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Abstract:

Electrochemical disinfection has gained interest as an alternative to conventional wastewater treatment because of its high effectiveness and environmental compatibility. Two and a half billion people currently live without improved sanitation facilities. Our research efforts are focused on developing and implementing a freestanding, additive-free toilet system that treats and recycles blackwater on site. In this study, we sought to apply electrochemical disinfection to blackwater. We compared commercially available boron-doped diamond (BDD) and mixed metal oxide (MMO) electrodes for disinfection efficiency in E. coli–inoculated model wastewater. The MMO electrodes were found to be more efficient and thus selected for further study with blackwater. The energy required for disinfection by the MMO electrodes increased with the conductivity of the medium, decreased with increased temperature, and was independent of the applied voltage. Fecal contamination considerably increased the energy required for blackwater disinfection compared to model wastewater, demonstrating the need for testing in effluents representing the conditions of the final application.

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