Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Freinage'
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Octau, Charlène. "Contribution à l’étude de la génération et de la dynamique de particules émises lors du freinage : application au freinage ferroviaire." Thesis, Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UPHF0008.
Full textThis work focuses on a multidisciplinary problem that combines the experimental characterization of particles emitted during train braking and the numerical modeling of their transport in order to predict their dynamic behavior following their generation. These particles can present a real health risk for users who commute by public transport every day, due to their submicronic size and composition. It is important to identify their specific physical characteristics (size distribution, shape, composition, etc.) but also their dynamics (ejection speed, preferential trajectory, concentration, etc.) in order to know what users can be exposed to and possibly protect themselves from. To this end, a brake test bench has been developed to generate particles under conditions representative of a typical train route and under particular braking conditions. The characteristics of the particles obtained following analysis seem to show an influence of the braking stress conditions on the characteristics of the emitted particles. These different data are essential to predict the dynamic behavior of particles, and provide input data for the implementation of numerical models simulating particle transport in the air
Boudot, Jean-Pierre. "Modélisation des bruits de freinage des véhicules industriels." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ECDL0008.
Full textFacing the customers'requests, manufactures become sensitive to the dynamic design of their products. And moreover the increasing integration of the components induces to consider the optimisation of all elements. Brakes noises, which are prejudicial to the users'acoustic and vibratory comfort, and even sometimes to their safety, belongs to those sensitive phenomena. Heavy trucks judder is an example of a global problem, since the dynamic characteristics of the whole front axle assembly is concerned, even if the source of judder is located in the brake system. This global behaviour is particularly hard since it depends on the geometry of the assembly. That's why the modelling uses a structural phenomenon. The theory, called sprag-slip, is based on dynamic coupling due to buttressing. Such a theory can be implemented on a drum brake or on a disk brake model. These models generate instabilities which are sensitive to the geometrical design of the vehicle. A model representing the whole front axle assembly is built, on the basis of a modal method, combined with sprag-slip. The model is linearized so that a frequential approach is possible, which permits to evaluate the risk of judder versus the design parameters. Theoretical results are compared with some experiments, which show that a stabilisation of the system occurs, due to non-linear effects. With the bond-graph method used here, it is easy to introduce some non-linear effects, and numerical simulations are performed. Finally a theoretical approach takes non-linear effects into account in order to be able to compute, in case of an instability, the magnitude of the stationary cycles, which is a criterion of the instability's seriousness. In the industrial context this work brings me to develop some specific computer tools. They are used now in a practical process to design front axles
Thévenet, Jean. "Développement d'une métrologie thermique des contacts glissants en freinage." Valenciennes, 2009. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/704abfc8-1d61-495a-9adb-7d7fd60801ac.
Full textHeat generated in the pad-disc contact during braking is the main cause of surface degradations such as oxidation, wear and thermo-mechanical failure, in particular cracking. In order to estimate the consequences of thermal damage, a fiber optic two-color pyrometer was conceived, developed and validated for brake disc surface temperature and emissivity measurement. The two-color pyrometer consists of a fluoride glass optical fiber, two HgCdTe detectors equipped with bandwith filters and a data conditioning and acquisition device. The two-color pyrometer measures the brake disc temperature in the 200-800°C range with a time resolution of 8 µs. The calibration formula for the signals obtained using a blackbody of known temperature is used to compute the true temperature. The uncertainty estimation for temperature and emissivity was obtained from the calibration results. Tests were carried out on known temperature target and a satisfactory correlation was found between results obtained with our two-color pyrometer and those obtained with a commercial two-color pyrometer. Hold braking and deceleration braking tests performed on two different braking test benches enabled us to reach the brake disc surface temperature and emissivity during braking. Experimental results show a significant variation of disc emissivity during braking. Direct measurement of emissivity was carried out on the brake disc after braking and shows the emissiviy dependence with the surface quality
Chapteuil, Eric. "Matériaux numériques tribologiques pour un système de freinage ferroviaire." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEI112/document.
Full textThe increase of the rail speed imposes the improvement of the braking performances related to the friction materials used in brake pad and brakes shoes. However, wear remains a limiting point in terms of performance but also safety. It has the effect of damaging the materials (mechano-thermal aspects) but also to contaminate the contact between wheel and rail by particles of brake shoes that can electrically isolate it (mechanical-electrical aspects). The method for locating the trains, whose principle is the electrical conduction between wheel and rail, is then compromised.These issues are governed by the different contacts (wheel/rail, wheel/shoes, ...) that fit into the concept of tribological triplets. These are composed of the bodies in contact (first bodies), the interface (third body) and the mechanism that keeps them in contact. In order to understand the phenomena occurring within the contacts, a local multi-physics analysis and a decoupling of the parameters (mechanical, thermal, electrical) are necessary. However, this is difficult to establish experimentally, numerical modeling by discrete elements method is then relevant for these needs.The dynamic flow of a third body consisting of braking particles and the degradation of a real braking material (following imaging methods) are modeled. The results obtained made it possible to understand the competitions existing between physical parameters on the one hand (mechanical, electrical, thermal) and scale parameters on the other hand (local, global). These competitions tend to minimize the electrical resistance when the constituents are in adequate proportion (better electrical conduction between wheel and rail) but also to balance the flows of the tribological track, which leads to protect the materials (controlled wear). In addition, the numerical analyzes made it possible to highlight new parameters related to "spreading" of the third body and to apprehend the key points making it possible to approach a real contact
Drobecq, Vincent. "Modélisation de systèmes de freinage ferroviaires avec prise en compte du phénomène de crissement : Application au système de freinage du métro parisien MP59." Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/1e808ee3-b606-4a16-8ee4-7849353f2c67.
Full textWeber, Philippe. "Modélisation et identification d'un système de freinage pour véhicules automobiles et conception de la commande." Mulhouse, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MULH0209.
Full textRivière, Jérôme. "Réponses thermo-mécaniques des interfaces tribologiques : Cas du freinage aéronautique." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0108.
Full textIn aeronautics, optimizing the operation of wheel brakes requires tribological behaviors which gradually decelerate aircrafts while maximizing endurance brakes. These behaviors are obtained through stacks of carbon-carbon composite discs located in the rim of each wheel which, brought into contact by action of pistons housing, transform, store and restore the braking energy. Rim, pistons housing (mechanism), discs (first body) and the separating film (third body) constitute the tribological triplet governing braking. Due to confinement of the "contact" firstly between discs, and secondly between discs and rim, the local understanding of energetical phenomena (thermo-mechanical conversions) operating during braking, requires a decoupling of tribological phenomena, especially at the scale of "skins" of the first body and third body (local scale). Such decoupling, experimentally difficult to operate, is performed in this study by a more realistic numerical modeling of activated tribological thermo-mechanical circuits (matter and energy flows). The modeling is obtained by enriching a discrete element method in order to take into account the local arrangements of the first and third body constituents. These enhancements are numerically and experimentally compared, using a "granular box" instrumented and used to analyze thermo-mechanical responses of first and third bodies. Analyzes suggest that a "threshold degradation" of first body generates local arrangements to singular thermo-mechanical behavior, even if the global applied energy (pressure × speed) is constant. For example, constituents of third body induce conservative phenomena such as formation of "heat rollers" linked to local recirculation of third body, and dissipative phenomena such as heat conduction through heterogeneities (fiber bundles) of first body. Local arrangements, damaging, ... can be characterized by numerical measures of thermal contact resistance which result from competition between energies at local scale and energies at global scale (mechanism). This resistance becomes here a probe of local arrangements. It distinguishes in thermo-mechanical energy balances, in addition to well-known dissipative phenomena, the conservative phenomena that lead to the tribological triplet balance. In the case of braking, balance is determined by the choice of arrangements which restrict wear (conservative phenomena), and the ones they maximize evacuation of heat from the contact (dissipative phenomena)
Sinou, Jean-Jacques. "Synthèse non-linéaire des systèmes vibrants : Application aux systèmes de freinage." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00260842.
Full textLe but de cette recherche est de développer une procédure d'analyse non-linéaire des systèmes vibrants. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement aux systèmes non linéaires présentant des non-linéarités polynomiales. Une attention tout particulière est apportée à la détermination des mécanismes engendrant les instabilitées dues au frottement (stick,-slip, sprag slip, couplage de modes...) et à la réalisation de modéles phénoménologiques permettant de reproduire les principaux modes de vibration des systèmes associés.
La démarche d'analyse non linéaire s'appuie sur deux points particuliers. Le problème staticodynamique où l'analyse dynamique correspond à une linéarisation autour d'une position statique obtenue par la résolution d'un problème non linéaire. Les conditions de stabilité du système sont alors étudiées à partir de la résolution du problème aux valeurs propres. Le second point concerne le problème dynamique non linéaire : nous cherchons à mettre en place des méthodes non-linéaires (méthode de la variété centrale, les approximants multivariables, la méthode de la balance harmonique AFT(alternate frequency/time domain), etc...) pour prédire les niveaux vibratoires, ou cycles limites. Les cycles limites provenant des méthodes non-lineaires sont alors comparés avec ceux obtenus par une intégration temporelle classique afin de valider cette procédure globale qui consiste à utiliser successivement, dans un certain ordre, des méthodes non-linéaires qui réduisent et simplifient le systéme de départ.
Méresse, Damien. "Approche thermomécanique de la tribologie à grande vitesse - Application au freinage." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00629413.
Full textLoyer, Andréa. "Etude numérique et expérimentale du crissement des systèmes de freinage ferroviaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00801594.
Full textFernandez, Gabriel. "Développement d'un geste technique : histoire du freinage en Gare du Nord." Paris, CNAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CNAM0450.
Full textAn intervention in the field requested by a CHSCT of train conductors in a suburb north of Paris led to research concerning the technical gesture of braking. By using developmental methods, among which was the use of crossed self-confrontations, we collected data that enabled us to propose an explicative model for the development of this gesture. According to us, the comparison of the braking gesture between colleagues, and even for the same train conductor, between the different executions of the same gesture and in different situations, explain this development. By distinguishing the gesture’s movement on the one hand, and the gesture’s automatisms on the other hand, we can, as far as possible, establish that the gesture’s development is governed not only by the constraint of the working efficiency, but also by the signification of the activity for which this gesture is one of the means
Meresse, Damien. "Approche thermomécanique de la tribologie à grande vitesse : Application au freinage." Valenciennes, 2011. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/815f5031-6296-4699-94c4-7aaa55187f8c.
Full textThis work is supported by International Campus on Safety and Intermodality in Transportation. Objective approach is developped so as to identify causes leading to fading phenomenon and braking tribosystem damage. Simplified brake pad behaviour is studied regarding pressure, sliding speed and temperature expected in automotive braking conditions. This pad is composed by phenolic resin reinforced by spherical steel particles. High Speed Tribology bench allows tribological caracterisation at reduced scale until 40 m. S−1. Disc temperature data are obtained thanks to telemetry system. Temperature field and dissipated heat flux are calculated with inverse heat conduction methods. Contact temperature, mean normal pressure and sliding speed influence on macroscopic friction coefficient is evaluated for pure phenolic resin and simplified composite pin. Pin surface micrographs show that contact zone damaging depend on thermal and mechanical conditions. Particle debonding is studied thanks to mesoscopic numerical model. Materials and cohesive properties are determined by rheological tests in heating chamber under several temperature. Static simulations show that high pressure and high temperature lead to reinforcement interface failure. Correlation between experimental tests on HST and numerical model are found
Brunel, Florent. "Étude thermomécanique du couple roue-semelle ferroviaire sous sollicitations de freinage." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-77.pdf.
Full textUne seconde modélisation est proposée permettant la prise en compte de la géométrie 3D de la semelle. L'originalité se situe dans la résolution thermique transitoire de la roue, basée sur un suivi temporel d'une section de roue suivie d'une reconstitution 3D. Les résultats permettent la prédiction des localisations sur toute la surface de frottement. L'utilisation conjointe de ces modèles permet de répondre à l'objectif de prédiction des gradients thermiques et de mise à disposition de moyens d'optimisation de la semelle. Pour le second objectif de prédiction de l'évolution des contraintes résiduelles dans les roues, la détermination de l'état initial, issu du traitement thermique, est nécessaire. Elle est réalisée à l'aide d'un modèle thermomécanique 2D axisymétrique. Le coefficient d'échange thermique, lors de la trempe, a été identifié sur un dispositif expérimental développé spécifiquement. Différentes simulations ont pu montrer l'importance du modèle de comportement du matériau de la roue sur la distribution des contraintes résiduelles, notamment la prise en compte des phénomènes visqueux. Les résultats indiquent une bonne prédiction de l'évolution des contraintes résiduelles, de compression après le traitement thermique puis leur passage en traction après freinages, en conformité avec les relevés expérimentaux. Des compléments sont en cours pour une meilleure identification du modèle de comportement du matériau de la roue
Nadeau, Jonathan. "Commande prédictive nonlinéaire d'un système de freinage hybride électro-hydraulique régénératif." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10378.
Full textLE, TALLEC CYRILLE. "Contribution a l'etude de l'aspect thermique du frottement sec. Application au freinage." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066145.
Full textGourari, Abdeltif El. "Simulation du comportement thermique 3D transitoire d'un système de freinage à disque." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECDL0014.
Full textMajcherczak, Didier. "Étude thermique d'un contact glissant : approche numérique et expérimentale : application au freinage." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-169-170.pdf.
Full textJacquet, Arnaud Georges. "Nouveau concept de lois de commande intégrées pour un système de freinage d'avion." Mulhouse, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2007MULH0878.
Full textThe present study is focused on the design and the validation of a new braking strategy for aeronautical applications. The analysis extends from the control of the brakes to the integration of the braking algorithms at the aircraft level. The redesign of the braking architecture is needed because of the emergence of some new functions with the aim of helping the manoeuvres of the aircraft during taxiing phases. Furthermore, the classical hydraulic brake will sooner or later be substituted for the electric one and the braking algorithms need to deal with the two technologies in a transparent way. Braking of vehicles has been studied for decades now. Among the whole literature, it has been shown that the control laws based on some behavioral models of the system can greatly reduce the complexity of the controller. But, the observation of the physical parameters governing the dynamics of the wheel is difficult. Taking advantage of a newly available brake torque sensor, the main characteristics of the evolution of the adhesion torque with respect to the wheel slip can be estimated. Then, the rotational behavior of the wheel is fully determined. Finally, a predictive controller is advantageously used to prevent excessive skid of the wheel and to optimize the braking level in a simple process
Ragot, Patrick. "Identification inverse des lois de contact thermomécaniques : application au domaine du freinage ferroviaire." Bordeaux 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR10523.
Full textDAGLI, LOKMAN. "Contribution a l'etude du comportement mecanique d'un composite carbone-carbone concu pour le freinage." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR13087.
Full textGuaquiere, Charles. "Modélisation de la diffusion de particules issues du freinage ferroviaire : application au réseau souterrain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Valenciennes, Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPHF0050.
Full textThe issue of air quality is a crucial public health issue that arises in large cities, as human activities become increasingly polluting. According to WHO, by reducing air pollution levels, countries can reduce the burden of disease from stroke, heart disease, lung cancer and respiratory infections. Rail transport is rightly considered to be a sustainable mobility solution with low greenhouse gas impact and a low contributor to air pollutant emissions. However, several studies highlight that pollutant concentrations in underground railway enclosures must be considered as worrying. In some cases, concentrations of fine particles can be ten times higher indoors than outdoors. In this context, reducing or mitigating sources of emissions linked to braking, the main contributor in the railway sector, represents a major challenge for people's health. This thesis is part of the BREAQ (BRaking Emissions characterization and mitigation for Air Quality improvement) project, jointly conducted by ALSTOM, ADEME and several research organizations. The aim of this project is to reduce braking particle emissions at source and to predict the diffusion of these particles in the environment in order to develop efficient capture solutions. In this context, the objective of the study is to develop and implement a numerical CFD method for modeling particulate flows from railway braking in order to predict the diffusion of these particles in the nearby environment
Brissart, Guillaume. "Etude du comportement conducteur en régulation longitudinale sur route pour la spécification de systèmes de sécurité active." Valenciennes, 2004. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/af85b2cf-1a87-4e3b-a027-6cd204b767f3.
Full textThanks to new advances in automotive technology, innovative active safety devices can be designed to avoid accidents or reduce their severity like active braking booster. The trigger and the action of these devices are often based on drivers' behaviour. Nevertheless their efficiency depends, on one hand, on the representativeness of the experimental or real data used for their tuning, and on the other hand, on the determination of the trigging criteria. Thus an experiment was performed on open road. About a hundred of volunteers, women and men of various ages drove around 100 km (60 miles) in the Paris area for 2 hours. After a general analysis of driving, based on a statistical exploration using multiple correspondence analysis of the vehicle's dynamical parameters, 23000 braking actions were analysed to :characterise the drivers' actions while braking,study the influence of sex, age, driving experience,improve the efficiency of active braking based on drivers' actions
Labia, Thierry. "Contribution à la conception d'antennes pour la prochaine génération de radars automobiles d'assistance au freinage d'urgence." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S147.
Full textEmbedded electronics is a growth market in the automotive industry. Driving assistance system and especially emergency braking assistance radar knows a very important expansion. The need for high gain antenna, low cost and compact systems is a challenge when simultaneously it is necessary to succesfully resolve complex road scenarii. We must succeed to achieve an antenna system able to operate in short range (city) and long range (highway) in the 76-77 GHz frequency band. In this work, we identi ed and analyzed the main scenarii in order to defi ne the radar and antennas requirements. Then we will list the high gain antennas solutions which could be of interest in our case. Afterwards, we will design an antenna able of scanning in order to cover the requirements of automotive manufacturers for next radar generation
Wagner, Christiane. "Materiaux composites carbone-carbone et freinage : etude de l'endommagement au voisinage d'une surface de contact." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13268.
Full textPhilippe, Florian. "Mesure et caractérisation des particules issues du freinage dans l’automobile sur un banc pion-disque." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2615.
Full textBrake wear gives around 50% by mass to total non-exhaust traffic related PMI 0 emissions in urban environments. While engines have become cleaner in the past decades, few improvements were made to lowe non-exhaust emission until recently. Researchers have developed several experimental methods over the past years to assess brake emissions. However, observations tend to differ from a method to another with respect many disciplines, ranging from particle system characterization to brake cycles, and it remains difficult to compare results of different research groups sucha s UNECE PMP or LOWBRASYS. Literature describes two methods to simulate braking in laboratory : inertia dynamometric bench and pin-on-dis bench. Most of studies on braking emissions were performed on dynomometric bench. However, dynamometric bench need a high investment. This thesis looks after the possibility to caracterise and measure braking emissions on a much more affordable setup : pin-on-disc. The new developped experimental setup will then allow cost saving studies while adding experience and knowledge to working group discussions. After a bibliographic study and visits of different benchs (TECSA in Turin — Italy and KTH, Stockholm — Suède), the CETIM TGV pin-on-disc bench has been adapted to the measurement and to the caracterisation of braking emissions. This new experimental setup has firstly shown an efficient isolation from the external environment with very low measured concentrations. Emissions linked to friction events were then measured with size distributions comparable to those seen on dynamometric benchs. In order to optimize results from the new bench, further studies were performed. The first step done was to increase measured particle number to limit insturmentation and transport uncertainties influences. Influence of tribological parameters such as sliding speed, contact pressure and friction surface were hence studied. Parametric studies were also performed on the following experimental parameters : airflow and test timing configuration. The second step was to improve repeatibility of tests and their measured emissions. Studying surfaces allowed to a better understanding of generation mechanisms which in the end led to a repeatability improvement. Lastly, the number ofparticles emitted during a single friction has been chosen as output value. A data protocol has thus been developped and a relevant instrumentation has been defined. Thanks to the performed studies, an experimental measurement protocole which determine emissivity of braking material has been defined for the CETIM pin-on-disc. An experimental study was performed lately and showed the possibility to study braking material emissivity on this bench. The pin-on-disc bench remains a theoretical bench, new studies about generation mechanisms understanding can be done. Those news studies and their results could extend to other domain, like railwa which share the same brakin emission problematic
Brassart, Pascale. "Contribution a la modélisation par bond graph du circuit de freinage du métro de Paris MP89." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0047.
Full textThis work deals with the modeling of the dynamic behavior of an electropneumatic brake control system used on the Parisian Metro MP89. Two control systems have been studied: the service brake control and the emergency brake control. These circuits are mainly composed of pneumatic pressure regulators. Our objective is to develop a library of models for these components. These models are validated separately on each component and then globally on the Metro MP89 by linking the different component models. The modeling objective requires a "knowledge based model" of each component. The graphic language used is bond graph. A first analysis of each component leads to a general bond graph model of a pressure regulator and to the corresponding state equations. The results obtained numerically are compared to the experimental ones. This emphasizes the need, in certain cases, to take into account phenomena that had been initially neglected, in order to improve the "knowledge based model" (hydrodynamic forces, pressures losses, Venturi phenomena). In other cases, it appears that certain dynamics in the model can be neglected. A simplified model of these components has been proposed. The hypothesis used and the consequences on the simplified approach on the linking of models are analysed. The numerical exploitation of the model of the whole brake control system under study enables us to come to certain conclusions about the two types of modeling
Panier, Stéphane. "Étude théorique et expérimentale des points chauds dans les organes de friction : application au freinage ferroviaire." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-243.pdf.
Full textDe par leurs intérêts théorique et industriel, de nombreuses approches ont déjà été développées pour étudier les points chauds. Les deux principales, qui sont les instabilités thermoélastiques et le flambage du disque, ont été appliquées au cas du freinage ferroviaire. Ces modélisations ont donné des valeurs incohérentes par rapport aux observations expérimentales. Une nouvelle approche, appelée déformation ondulatoire progressive du disque, est donc proposée. Elle associe les points chauds macroscopiques à un processus de formation évolutif en trois étapes. De par les intéractions entre les déformations thermomécaniques, le contact et la chaleur générée par frottement, une évolution du nombre d'ondulation est observée jusqu'à la stabilisation des points chauds macroscopiques. Ainsi, un scénario dit classique a pu être défini. L'influence de paramètres, tels que la longueur de contact ou la rigidité de la garniture, a également été étudiée. Cette étude théorique et expérimentale apporte des éclaircissements sur le phénomène des points chauds macroscopiques. La compréhension du mécanisme de formation doit permettre de proposer des dispositions constructives afin de repousser les limites des systèmes actuels de freinage
Copin, Reynald. "Etude du comportement tribologique de couples de matériaux sur tribomètre reproduisant les conditions de freinage ferroviaire." Lille 1, 2000. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2000/50376-2000-280.pdf.
Full textLa premiere etude vise a reproduire sur le tribometre les conditions de freinage du tgv avec le couple disque acier 28crmov5-08 / plot fritte. Il s'agit d'etudier l'influence sur le comportement tribologique du couple des principaux parametres de freinage et de comparer les resultats obtenus avec ceux de l'echelle 1. Ce dernier point a permis de valider le tribometre et le protocole experimental developpe pour cette etude
Le second cas industriel concerne l'etude du frein a sabots du metro de santiag du chili. L'objectif est d'effectuer une analyse comparative des performances de freinage des couples disques acier r2n ou r9td / garnitures composites dans les conditions de freinage rencontrees lors de la simulation de la ligne du metro. Ces performances sont exprimees en termes de coefficient de frottement moyen et de distances d'arret. Le materiau de friction utilise sur les tgv etant le materiau d'usure par definition, les recherches du point de vue du tribologue ont donc porte d'avantage sur ce materiau. Elles ont consiste a apprehender les mecanismes de formation et de destruction du 3 e m e corps recouvrant la surface apparente du plot. Cette etude est realisee a travers des observations macro-et microscopiques et des analyses chimiques du plot de friction. Les resultats issus de ces travaux ont montre que le pole frein dispose d'un outil performant pour l'etude du comportement tribologique d'un couple de materiaux dans des conditions de freinage ferroviaire donnees. Les observations et analyses chimiques de la surface du plot fritte ont permis de proposer une description phenomenologique des mecanismes physiques mis en jeu au contact au cours du freinage
Carmona, Sylvain. "Utilisation de modèles réduits par modes de branche pour l'identification de sources thermiques : application au freinage." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE044/document.
Full textThermal sources identification for real-life configurations is challenged by the large size of the numeric systems involved to do so, thus inverse methods are not suited for solving these kind of problems (as they involve matrix inversion, iterative processes, …). The use of reduced models makes it possible to calculate the whole field of temperatures of the domain with a small number of unknowns.The aim of this work is to develop a new identification method in which the coupling between the adjoint inverse method and the reduced modal writing of the thermal problem posed by the use of Branch databases can be done.We can apply this method for braking problems. There are two main issues in these problems : on one hand, the diffusive problem on the break pad, and on the other hand, the conduction problem on the rotating disk. For these two types of configurations, the implemented technique is tested, analyzed and compared with the Function Specification Method. The results obtained show a better efficiency of the method developed in this study. For the problem of the temporal identification of the sources in the rotating disk, an almost on-line identification procedure by the adjoint method is proposed. For the brake pad, an extension of the method for a spatio-temporal identification is set up, in which the reduction technique is applied for both the three-dimensional temperature fields and for the parameterization of the flux density received by the surface of the wafer in contact with the rotating disk
Chou, Hsin. "Contribution au contrôle global de châssis." Paris, ENMP, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENMP1105.
Full textGerthoffert, Jonathan. "Prévision des performances de freinage des avions sur les pistes contaminées à partir des mesures de frottement." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDN0018.
Full textAircraft braking performances depends strongly on runway surface conditions. Water on runway can severely degrade these performances. Airport operators have to inform aircraft crews about runway surface conditions to allow pilots performing landing distance calculations. Friction measuring devices are a widely used tool to characterize runway surface conditions. However, friction results are highly scale-dependent (in terms of mass, speed, tire dimension and pressure…), which are significantly different between ground friction device and aircraft. Ground friction measurements are therefore not representative of aircraft braking performances. The methodology developed in this thesis consists in the construction of a transfer function between the friction measuring device and the aircraft from a modeling of force within the tire/runway contact area. A physical model, the so-called Brush model, has been adapted to wet and flooded runways. A specific model has been developed to describe water effect ontire/runway contact area and force distribution within this contact area. The applicability of this model to a ground friction measuring device and one aircraft has been experimentally validated. Finally, the complete methodology has been validated using experimental data from the Joint Winter Runway Friction Measurement Program (JWRFMP) and data obtained in this thesis
Bulthé, Anne Lise. "Caractérisation expérimentale du contact frottant disque garniture sous sollicitations sévères de freinage. Prise en compte des interactions tribologie, thermique et physico-chimie." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00161405.
Full textLa première présente la caractérisation des matériaux étudiés (un matériau composite à matrice organique et une fonte GL) et les moyens expérimentaux utilisés.
La seconde concerne la dégradation du matériau composite avec la température et l'influence de cette dégradation sur le comportement tribologique du couple de matériaux et les mécanismes physiques de frottement activés au contact.
La troisième présente l'étude du comportement en freinage du contact disque-garniture sous les deux types de sollicitations sévères. Les évolutions du coefficient de frottement sont corrélées aux phénomènes de localisation thermique de surface observés par thermographie infrarouge et aux mécanismes physiques identifiés à partir d'observations et d'analyses des surfaces après freinage.
La quatrième est dédiée à l'étude de l'évolution des mécanismes physiques de frottement activés pendant un freinage d'arrêt isolé à haute énergie et de leur interaction avec les phénomènes thermiques locaux et transitoires observés en surface. Des observations et des analyses de surfaces sont menées après des freinages interrompus avant l'arrêt à des instants typiques du freinage. Des observations in-situ de la piste de frottement du disque en vidéo rapide permettent d'appuyer les résultats déduits des observations post-mortem.
Messaoudene, Kamel. "Dispositif innovant de frein automobile par le volant, intégré à un système de direction de type Steer-by-Wire : dédié aux personnes paraplégiques." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EVRY0029/document.
Full textReflection carried by this thesis aims to improve access to automotive driving for paraplegics people. That consists to develop an innovative solution for driving assistance by using X-by-Wire technology. Expertise has been achieved beforehand in order to evaluate the existing devices in this field and explore new open ways. After this crucial step, a new concept of braking handwheel coupled to a steering-by-wire system was proposed. We showed the relevant advantages provided by the proposed device in the safety and ergonomics domains, by spreading its use also to the valid drivers. The main axis of this thesis was dedicated to a detailed theoretical study, involving modeling, simulation and validation of some dynamic processes, influencing operation of the proposed concept. In this context, a dynamic model of the driver's bust in driving situation has been established and validated experimentally. The influence of the pitching movement of the vehicle was also discussed. A dynamic model for a steering-by-wire system was developed and tested to reproduce a realistic handwheel feedback. In order to concretize our idea, a demonstrator has been designed and created, by using two DC engines to provide and manage feedbacks of braking and steering on handwheel. The chosen mechanical solution allowed us to integrate an active assistance in emergency braking. Finally, experiments were realized with prototype by using data acquisition on PC in real time. Interesting and promising theoretical and experimental results were exposed
Rapontchombo, Omanda Jessie. "Performances de garnitures frittées métalliques à basse teneur en cuivre pour les applications de freinage ferroviaire haute énergie." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I039/document.
Full textHigh energy railway brake materials are metallic matrix composite with complex and highly heterogeneous formulations. The technological choice towards this type of material for brake pads stems from the many performances that disc brake system must ensure: tribological performances (friction coefficient, wear), thermomechanical performances (integrity in temperature), acoustic performances (squeal). New international environmental standards, lead to evolutions of pad formulations, consisting of reduce copper content. Because of complexity of the formulations, the developments are empirical. It is proposed in this work to develop methodologies that improve the understanding of the link between the formulation of friction materials and their braking performances. The first part of the works consists of microstructural characterizations of the materials on new materials and after braking solicitations showing significant evolutions. The characterizations are coupled with measurements of the thermophysical properties. The second part of the study concerns reduced scale tests that achieve similar solicitations to full scale performance braking tests. Reduced scale samples simplify tribological analysis. The last part of the work focuses on vibroacoustic aspects by studying squeal tendency of a simplified system that highlight the role of the tribological circuit. In addition to these methodological contributions, the study shows the impact of the development axes of the new formulations. Explanations are given on the links between the formulation, properties and performances: thermomechanical, vibroacoustic and tribological. As the proposed methodologies, they must allow to improve prospective material developments
Kasem, Haytam. "Etude du comportement tribologique de composites carbone/carbone sous sollicitations de freinage aéronautique : approches mécanique et physico-chimique." Orléans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ORLE2007.
Full textFrançois, Matthieu. "Matériaux composites C/C pour le freinage aéronautique : Elements de compréhension des régimes de frottement et d'usure haut et bas." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ECDL0004.
Full textIn the field of aeronautical braking, steel is gradually replaced by carbon/carbon (C/C) composite. These materials are very sensitive to the conditions of braking and exhibit high or low friction and wear regimes. This study agree on the existence of these different regimes during simulations of a whole takeoff/landing operation. We determined coefficients of friction and wear rates relating to each of these regime and the evolutions of rubbing surface and wear debris which are associated to each of them. Simulated experiments of identical brakings highlighted the correlation between these regimes and phenomena of surface polishing and specific mechanisms of agglomeration, compaction and ejection from the contact of third body. We propose a dynamic model of wear mechanisms during takeoff/landing operations. However a purely mechanical approach of the C/C composites tribology is not sufficient. The physicochemical study of the debris showed the difference of quantity, nature and relative proportion of the various oxygenated species in the debris. This study highlighted the contribution of specific oxygen groups to the tribological response of the C/C discs
Kassaagi, Mohamed Ouala. "Caractérisation expérimentale du comportement des conducteurs en situation d'urgence pour la spécification de systèmes de sécurité active." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ECAP0729.
Full textGAUDIN, CHRISTELLE. "Emission de rayons x dans un plasma ecr (electron cyclotron resonance) en vue d'applications medicales." Toulouse 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU30089.
Full textMbodj, Coumba. "Rôle des paramètres matériaux et structuraux dans l’homogénéisation numérique des composites C/C. Cas des sollicitations tribologiques de freinage." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0028/document.
Full textTo understand the mechanisms of wear and friction of carbon 1 carbon composites (C/C} used in aeronautical braking, a numerical model is used to separate the mechanical effects of the physico-chemical and thermal effects. The model is based on the use of an approach by finite elements (FE} and techniques of homogenization applied to a representative elementary volume (RVE} of the material in the mesoscopic scale rubbing on a rigid or deformable surface. In this scale, the material is described by a matrix in carbon and packages of carbon fiber called strands, perpendicular on the contact surface. To insure the representativeness of the structure of the material, several heterogeneous models are studied. The results are compared with those obtained with the equivalent homogeneous model which ensues from the homogenization. The influence of the conditions of contact (the rigidity), as well as the influence of the distribution of strands at the contact surface on the regimes of vibrations of the various models are revealing. The extension of the numerical model in a contact between two composites underline a strong increase of maximal constraints mainly localized in the strands present on the contact surface. These strong localizations of constraints can have for consequence the damage of strands what leads the degradation of the contact surface until the detachments of particles
Mbodj, Coumba. "Rôle des paramètres matériaux et structuraux dans l'homogénéisation numérique des composites C/C. Cas des sollicitations tribologiques de freinage." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743548.
Full textPerronne, Jean-Marc. "Mesure et analyse en ligne de déformations de composants mécaniques : application au freinage automobile et généralisation à d'autres systèmes." Mulhouse, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MULH0304.
Full textCaridi, Jean-Pierre. "Caractérisation des paramètres de frottement à l'origine de phénomènes vibroacoustiques : application aux bruits de crissement des systèmes de freinage." Valenciennes, 2002. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d5381842-8b0f-497b-8acb-65e9a48a83d5.
Full textOur study is the characterization of the frictionnal parameters (application pressure, sliding speed, rubbing coeficient surface state and third body) at the origin of the vibratory instabilities problems resulting to the sharp noise that is the squeal, in the braking area. More particularly, we are studying the influence of these parameters on the signature of the vibrations produced by the friction, in order to find a link. This study has been carried in two part. Firstly, an experimental study using a pin on disc tribometer which has allowed us to see the influence of the parameters on brake squeal. Secondly, finite element analysis has been used to study the influence of the parameters on the stability of the system and on the excited modal shapes via a transient dynamic method. At last, technological solutions are proposed to contribute to conceive less noisy brake systems
STRASSER, ALAIN. "Realisation et caracterisation d'une source experimentale de rayonnement de freinage dans le cadre du developpement industriel des techniques d'irradiation." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR13085.
Full textRoussette, Olivier. "Étude tribologique de couples de matériaux sous sollicitations de freinage très sévères : application à un frein ferroviaire à performances améliorées." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/d8bd6db9-3415-4804-93e5-0c88d9534e8b.
Full textChamaillard, Yann. "Modélisation et identification de systèmes complexes : application à des véhicules routiers en vue de l'étude d'un nouveau système de freinage." Mulhouse, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MULH0437.
Full textFrançois, Matthieu Kapsa Philippe. "Matériaux composites C/C pour le freinage aéronautique Elements de compréhension des régimes de frottement et d'usure haut et bas /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/mfrancois.pdf.
Full textSarrail, Patricia. "Valeur pronostique du test de freinage par la triiothyronine dans la maladie de Basedow traitée par les antithyroi͏̈diens de synthèse." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11123.
Full textLaunay, François. "Mesure de la densite spatiale d'un faisceau electronique de 5 kev. Caracterisation par procede optique (rayonnements de transition et de freinage)." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA112176.
Full textWatremez, Michel. "Caractérisations tribologique et thermomécanique de revêtements céramiques élaborés par projection thermique plasma : Application aux disques de freinage ferroviaire a haute énergie." Valenciennes, 1995. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f255ae98-2dc8-4b8c-a98b-4443166ff1b3.
Full textBrender, Patrice. "Etude de l'influence de la température sur les réactions tribochimiques des matériaux carbonés : Application au freinage aéronautique de composites Carbone/Carbone." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MULH5872.
Full textThe objective of this work is to study quantitatively the evolution of carbon materials surface properties and reactivity under breaking conditions similar to those encountered during taxiing. The breaking tests were carried out using a Tribometric Test Bench. The rubbed C/C composites and the wear debris collected are then characterized by mutiscale unconventional techniques. The whole rubbed composites and the wear debris are characterized by Temperature-Programmed Desorption and by oxygen chemisorption. These analyzes are used to determine the nature and amount of functional groups and the content of active sites that is characteristic of the reactivity of the carbon material and also responsible of its interaction with the surrounding environment. The characterizations are completed by morphological, structural and textural analysis, such as Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction and gas adsorption. The analysis of the physic-chemical characteristics of wear debris and of the rubbed discs enables to evidence the tribochemical reactions occurring in the mechanical contact: chemical reactions between oxygen or water and the broken C-C bonds have been evidenced. A model is finally proposed, justifying the differences in the tribological properties during taxiing tests. The later is based on the carbon reactivity and on the interface properties and justify the temperature dependence of this system