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Journal articles on the topic 'French African colonies'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Benjamin, Kehinde Tola. "French Colonial Policies in West Africa: Power Dynamics, Cultural Impositions and Economic Legacies." International Journal of Advances in Social Sciences and Humanities 3, no. 1 (2024): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.56225/ijassh.v3i1.248.

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The complex dynamics of French colonial policies in West Africa during European imperialism played a crucial role in streamlining administrative procedures and consolidating control over the indigenous African population. This colonial framework not only imposed a distinct sense of identity on African communities but also created deep stratification within these societies. Implementing the direct rule system, an essential aspect of French colonial administration, facilitated imposing laws and regulations that often marginalized traditional authority structures. As a result, a symbiotic relatio

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2

OSBORN, EMILY LYNN. "‘CIRCLE OF IRON’: AFRICAN COLONIAL EMPLOYEES AND THE INTERPRETATION OF COLONIAL RULE IN FRENCH WEST AFRICA." Journal of African History 44, no. 1 (2003): 29–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853702008307.

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This article investigates the role of African colonial employees in the functioning of the colonial state in French West Africa. Case studies from the 1890s and early 1900s demonstrate that in the transition from conquest to occupation, low-level African colonial intermediaries continually shaped the localized meanings that colonialism acquired in practice. Well-placed African colonial intermediaries in the colonies of Guinée Française and Soudan Français often controlled the dissemination of information and knowledge in the interactions of French colonial officials with local elites and membe

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3

Olukoju, Ayodeji. "‘King of West Africa’? Bernard Bourdillon and the Politics of the West African Governors' Conference, 1940–1942." Itinerario 30, no. 1 (2006): 17–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300012511.

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The outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939 and the collapse of French resistance to the German onslaught a year later were momentous events which had far-reaching implications for France, Britain, and their colonies. In West Africa, the war affected existing patterns of inter-state relations within and across the French/British imperial divides, which were further complicated for the British by the emergence of two blocs in the French colonial empire – Vichy and Free French. It was in this context that the West African Governors' Conference was created in 1940 to coordinate the war

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4

Willemot, Yves. "De Gaulles “Communaute”. Een Brug van Kolonialisme Naar Paternalisme in Afrika." Afrika Focus 4, no. 3-4 (1988): 119–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0040304004.

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De Gaulles “Communaute”. A Bridge from Colonialism to Paternalism in Afrika. The importance of the French-African Communauté is more than just historical. Indeed, the present French-African relationship is not completely understandable without a knowledge of the Community, which was created by the constitution of the fifth French Republic (1958). President de Gaulle, who was its inspirator, realised that in the changing world the relationship between France and its colonial territories had to be adapted. The French-African Community was a federal structure in which the French-speaking territor

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Sanko, Hélène. "Considering Molière in Oyônô-Mbia's Three Suitors: One Husband." Theatre Research International 21, no. 3 (1996): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300015352.

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Juxtaposed these quotations, which are separated by three centuries and two continents, suggest that seventeenth-century classical French drama serves as a model for African theatre of the early post-colonial period. The first quotation is, of course, from Moliere, the Old Regime's brilliant comic writer. The second is taken from a play by Oyônô-Mbia, a contemporary dramatist from Cameroon. Given the powerful grip France held over its colonies, it is not surprising to find residual influence of France's theatrical culture on African drama. By the end of World War One, French authority in sub-S

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6

Vinh, Trinh Van, Le Hoang Kiet, Duong Quang Hiep, Nguyen Huu Phuc, and Tran Xuan Hiep. "The impact of the Dien Bien Phu Victory on the decolonization movement in Africa (1954-1960)." Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology 8, no. 6 (2024): 1703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2330.

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The Dien Bien Phu victory of the Vietnamese army over the French colonists in 1954 contributed significantly to the wave of independence in the French colonies in Africa (1954-1960). This paper analyzes the impact of this historic event in inspiring nationalist movements and promoting liberation struggles in Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia and the French West African countries during that period. It also examines how the Dien Bien Phu victory weakened France’s position in its colonies and influenced the independence movements there. The results show that Vietnam’s victory had a profound influence by

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7

Dr, Aubin Nzaou-Kongo, and Biankola-Biankola Marceleau. "International Law and Monetary Sovereignty. The Current Problems of the International Mastery of the CFA Franc and the Crisis of Sovereign Equality." International Law Research Quarterly 1, no. 1 (2020): 5–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4076242.

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The CFA franc and the Comorian franc are colonial francs which derive from the split, made by the monetary reform of 26 December 1945, between the metropolitan franc and the currencies used in the French colonies. As far as the CFA franc is concerned, its history is fundamentally marked by the spectre of devaluation, the spectre of countless attempts and the spectre of numerous implementations, which are a reminder that the CFA franc carries a congenital infirmity: its birth coincides with the devaluation of the metropolitan franc. The CFA franc and the Comorian franc are the two currencies of

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Dr, Aubin Nzaou-Kongo, and Biankola-Biankola Marceleau. "International Law and Monetary Sovereignty: The Current Problems of the International Trusteeship of the Cfa Franc and the Crisis of Sovereign Equality." African Review of Law and Critical Thinking 1, no. 1 (2020): 25–61. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12808835.v3.

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The CFA franc and the Comorian franc are colonial francs which derive from the split, made by the monetary reform of 26 December 1945, between the metropolitan franc and the currencies used in the French colonies. As far as the CFA franc is concerned, its history is fundamentally marked by the spectre of devaluation, the spectre of countless attempts and the spectre of numerous implementations, which are a reminder that the CFA franc carries a congenital infirmity: its birth coincides with the devaluation of the metropolitan franc. The CFA franc and the Comorian franc are the two currencies of

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9

Rominger, Chris. "NURSING TRANSGRESSIONS, EXPLORING DIFFERENCE: NORTH AFRICANS IN FRENCH MEDICAL SPACES DURING WORLD WAR I." International Journal of Middle East Studies 50, no. 4 (2018): 691–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743818000880.

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AbstractThis article explores the social impact of North African soldiers’ experiences in French military hospitals during World War I. In particular, it examines improvised “Muslim hospitals” that were opened in order to isolate North Africans from French civilian society. Colonial and military officials believed that North Africans, presumed to be warlike, pathogenic, and promiscuous, could corrupt and be corrupted by the French public. Yet while existing literature tends to highlight the dehumanization of North Africans at the hands of military and medical authorities, this article, drawing

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10

Ondriaš, Juraj, Mykola Palinchak, and Kateryna Brenzovych. "THE ECONOMIC INFLUENCE OF FRANCE IN WEST AND CENTRAL AFRICA." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 10, no. 5 (2024): 40–52. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2024-10-5-40-52.

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Despite the decolonisation process, France has retained a considerable degree of influence over its former colonies in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, in recent years, this influence has diminished markedly. The purpose of this article is, therefore, to examine the extent of French economic influence in its former colonies in West and Central Africa. The paper begins by examining the long-term impact of France on the extraction of two key commodities, oil and uranium, on the African continent. This is primarily accomplished through French multinational corporations, which have historical ties to

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11

Kovács, Csaba M. "Senegal: A Typically African Country?" Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Geographia 68, no. 2 (2023): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbgeogr.2023.2.09.

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Senegal: A Typically African Country? The young nation of West Africa, part of the former French colonial system, has a long history showing a clear integration within the context of the Sahel region. After independence, it followed a particular evolution: though its economic and social development was not free of the contradictions and the failures so characteristic for former colonies, compared to other African states, Senegal showed a considerable political stability, successfully avoiding civil wars, military coups and dictatorships and maintaining a multiparty system. However, recent evol

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12

DeVore, Marc R. "Preserving Power after Empire: The Credibility Trap and France’s Intervention in Chad, 1968–72." War in History 27, no. 1 (2018): 106–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0968344518758359.

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France’s 1968–72 intervention in Chad constitutes a forgotten turning point in the Fifth Republic’s foreign relations. Interconnected institutions and treaties gave France a disproportionate influence over its African ex-colonies. French security guarantees underscored this system, however, whereby francophone African leaders continued to accept French economic and political leadership. French leaders discovered in Chad, however, that they had fewer choices and needed to dedicate more resources to fulfilling these commitments than President Charles de Gaulle had intended. Prosperous ex-colonie

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13

Linte, Guillaume. "Syphilis, blanchiment and French colonial medicine in sub-Saharan Africa during the interwar period." Medical History 67, no. 4 (2023): 307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mdh.2023.29.

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AbstractDuring the interwar period, France put unprecedented efforts into public health measures targeting the colonised populations of sub-Saharan Africa. This investment in health was seen as crucial to ensuring the renewal of the African labour force needed for the economic development of the colonies. Syphilis, although less deadly than other endemic or epidemic diseases such as yellow fever, sleeping sickness and bubonic plague, was one of the most widespread infections in France’s sub-Saharan colonies. This article demonstrates the contradictory nature of the colonial medicine approach t

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14

De Deckker, Paul. "Decolonisation Processes in the South Pacific Islands: A Comparative Analysis between Metropolitan Powers." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 26, no. 2 (1996): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v26i2.6172.

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The South Pacific islands came late, by comparison with Asia and Africa, to undertake the decolonising process. France was the first colonial power in the region to start off this process in accordance with the decision taken in Paris to pave the way to independence for African colonies. The Loi-cadre Defferre in 1957, voted in Parliament, was applied to French Polynesia and New Caledonia as it was to French Africa. Territorial governments were elected in both these Pacific colonies in 1957. They were abolished in 1963 after the return to power of General de Gaulle who decided to use Moruroa f

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15

Lufeyo, Chitondo, and Chansa Chanda Thelma. "Political Instability and Military Coups in Former French African Colonies." International Journal of Novel Research in Humanity and Social Sciences 10, no. 6 (2023): 9–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10370523.

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<strong>Abstract:</strong> This article explores the phenomenon of military coups in former French African colonies, examining the factors contributing to political instability in the region. It delves into historical, political, and socio-economic factors that have shaped the post-colonial landscape, often leading to periods of unrest and military interventions. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining historical analysis, case studies, and interviews with key stakeholders, including government officials, scholars, and civil society representatives. Data was collected from a ra

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16

Huillery, Elise. "The Black Man's Burden: The Cost of Colonization of French West Africa." Journal of Economic History 74, no. 1 (2014): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050714000011.

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Was colonization costly for France? Did French taxpayers contribute to colonies’ development? This article reveals that French West Africa's colonization took only 0.29 percent of French annual expenditures, including 0.24 percent for military and central administration and 0.05 percent for French West Africa's development. For West Africans, the contribution from French taxpayers was almost negligible: mainland France provided about 2 percent of French West Africa's revenue. In fact, colonization was a considerable burden for African taxpayers since French civil servants’ salaries absorbed a

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17

Heaton, Matthew M. "ALIENS IN THE ASYLUM: IMMIGRATION AND MADNESS IN GOLD COAST." Journal of African History 54, no. 3 (2013): 373–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853713000522.

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AbstractThis article examines the experiences of immigrants from British and French West African colonies in the Accra lunatic asylum in the first half of the twentieth century. Placing particular emphasis on how immigrants got into and out of the asylum, the article argues that immigrants were marginalized and manipulated by colonial psychiatric institutions to a greater extent than non-migrant colonial subjects in Gold Coast. In making this argument, the article argues for the value of adding colonial origin and subjecthood to the racial and gendered perspectives that have dominated the hist

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18

BERRY, SARA. "AFTERWORD." Journal of African History 41, no. 1 (2000): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853799007586.

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The four papers in this collection bring a varied set of perspectives as well as examples to bear on several common themes. The authors describe continuities and changes in colonial policies toward Africans' access to and use of land and natural resources and discuss some of the sources of knowledge that informed colonial officials' thinking about African land use practices. Implicitly if not directly, each poses the question of whether colonial officials learned anything from their interactions with African farmers and/or herders? By bringing together evidence from different though overlappin

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19

Pakhorukov, Konstantin I. "France - African States: some aspects of decentralized cooperation." RUDN Journal of World History 15, no. 4 (2023): 463–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2023-15-4-463-477.

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This study examines a new phenomenon in the history of relations between France and its former colonies - the implementation in recent years of decentralized cooperation programs with African states, in particular, the interaction of French regions, as administrativeterritorial units, with African partners. The study provides a brief overview of the history of the French colonial empire, which allowed the author to distinguish several stages in its management and functioning. The research method was the study of cooperation programs in various spheres initiated by the French Ministry of Foreig

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20

DZEKASHU, WILLIAM. "French Economic and Monetary Policies in Francophone Africa:." Archives of Business Research 9, no. 11 (2021): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.911.11280.

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Since granting independence to her former colonies (especially the countries in the West and Central Africa subregions), France has maintained tight economic, political, and to a great extent, social control over their internal and external affairs. These continued ties with France have become the subject of contentious debates (previously considered taboo) among scholars in recent times, evidenced in the development of activism in Africa and continental Europe where the former has been sensitized or radicalized about France’s exploitative approach to economic partnership. The economies of the

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21

Kochetov, Dmitriy. "Colonial Past in Italian Relations with the Former African Colonies." Izvestia of Smolensk State University, no. 2 (54) (September 4, 2021): 214–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.35785/2072-9464-2021-54-2-214-225.

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The subject of article is influence of the colonial past on the relations of former metropole, namely Italy, with its former colonies in Africa. The question is considered in the context of the fact that the British, French or even Portuguese colonialisms definitely left interstate entities. In other words, they continue to considerably influence the relations with their former African colonies. Italian one, in its turn, left nothing like the Commonwealth of Nations, the International Organisation of La  Francophonie or the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. However, by 2021 eve

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22

Scheck, Raffael. "Les prémices de Thiaroye: L’influence de la captivité allemande sur les soldats noirs français à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale." French Colonial History 13 (May 1, 2012): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41938223.

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Abstract After repressing the mutiny of West African ex-prisoners in Thiaroye near Dakar on 1 December 1944, the French military authorities concluded that the German treatment of these prisoners had made them prone to revolting. Allegedly, the Germans had planned to destabilize French colonialism by treating the prisoners well (despite the German army massacres of black French soldiers in June 1940) and by allowing black prisoners to enter into intimate relationships with white French women. The article critically analyzes the explanations of the French authorities for the revolt of Thiaroye,

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23

Kelly, Michael. "Emmanuel Mounier and the Awakening of Black Africa." French Cultural Studies 17, no. 2 (2006): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155806064442.

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Emmanuel Mounier, Director of the Catholic review Esprit, was a pioneering participant in criticising French colonial activities. The debates of the 1940s were strongly framed by France's ‘mission to civilise’ its colonies, which was supported by universal humanist aspirations but was also criticised as masking policies of exploitation and oppression. The resulting tensions are well demonstrated by Emmanuel Mounier's book L'Éveil de l'Afrique noire, published after a visit to several areas of French West Africa in the spring of 1947, at a crucial moment in France's relations with its colonies.

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Metzger, Chantal. "Les relations entre la RDA et l’Afrique Noire de 1958 à 1962 vues par Neues Deutschland." Revue d’Allemagne et des pays de langue allemande 31, no. 3 (1999): 391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reval.1999.4131.

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The German Democratic Republic (DDR), which was not recognized by Western governments, sought international recognition through the new African states, formerly part of the French colonial Empire. Between 1958 and 1963, Neues Deutschland, das Organ des Zentralkomitees der Sozialistischen Einheitspartei Deutschlands, published a number of editorials on this issue. The most significant concerned former German colonies such as Togo and Cameroun, or countries such as Guinea and Mali, which opposed France and shared the GDR’s anti-colonial and anti-imperialist ideals. Neues Deutschland pointed out

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25

Bierwirth, Chris. "French Interests in the Levant and Their Impact on French Immigrant Policy in West Africa." Itinerario 26, no. 1 (2002): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300004927.

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Prior to the Second World War, the French government had been highhanded in its administration of the Levantine Mandates and severe in the treatment of Levantine immigrants in its West African colonies. This imperious behaviour would change abruptly in 1944. As part of their effort to rebuild French power, General Charles de Gaulle and the Comité Français de la Liberation Nationak (CFLN) sought to maintain France's longstanding position of diplomatic and cultural influence in the Levant, even after promising Lebanese and Syrian independence. With this in mind, French authorities grew more sens

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26

VRANČIĆ, Frano. "SENGHOR, BLACK POET." Lingua Montenegrina 13, no. 1 (2014): 239–77. https://doi.org/10.46584/lm.v13i1.397.

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Leopold Sédar Sengor (1906–2001) was a Senegalese poet, the first president of independent Senegal, founder of the Francophonie and the first dark-skinned member of the French Academy. Together with Aimé Césaire and Léon Damas, Senghor defined the concept of negritude in response to the extreme dominance of French culture in the colonies. Moreover, negritude became his guiding principle both in poetry and his career of a state official. He deemed that every African has separate and distinct innate qualities, refuting the assumption that Caucasian people were intellectually and culturally super

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27

Darity, William. "British Industry and the West Indies Plantations." Social Science History 14, no. 1 (1990): 117–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320002068x.

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Is it not notorious to the whole World, that the Business of Planting in our British Colonies, as well as in the French, is carried on by the Labour of Negroes, imported thither from Africa? Are we not indebted to those valuable People, the Africans for our Sugars, Tobaccoes, Rice, Rum, and all other Plantation Produce? And the greater the Number of Negroes imported into our Colonies, from Africa, will not the Exportation of British Manufactures among the Africans be in Proportion, they being paid for in such Commodities only? The more likewise our Plantations abound in Negroes, will not more

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28

Dazzi, Camila. "Dissimulada e Encoberta. A Ideologia Colonial no Imaginário Turístico Contemporâneo." PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural 23, no. 2 (2025): 605–15. https://doi.org/10.25145/j.pasos.2025.23.039.

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The brutal process of colonisation of North Africa by the French in the 19th century paradoxically boosted the opening up of the dominated territories to tourism. The France of the times has left a treasure trove of works by Orientalist painters who portrayed the colonies as picturesque and exotic places, but simultaneously backward and full of “barbarian”, “apathetic” and “bestial” inhabitants. We have a double objective in this essay: on the one hand, to demonstrate how Orientalist works of art, despite their irrefutable aesthetic qualities, materialised and propagated negative and stereotyp

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Ndjerareou, Deborah. "African Youth Activism and the Disruption of French Foreign Policy in the Sahel Region." Journal of Peace and Diplomacy 5, no. 1 (2024): 49–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.59111/jpd.005.01.052.

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The Republic of France has maintained close political and diplomatic ties with the countries in the African continent, especially sub-Saharan Africa. The relationship between France and its former colonies has been debated in international relations regarding its dominant and influential characteristics. In the last decade, French foreign policy in the Sahel region has been more pronounced with military and diplomatic interventions. Since assuming the French presidential seat in 2017, President Emmanuel Macron has proposed a new political discourse stating the need to move away from the tradit

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30

M’Baye, Babacar. "Afropolitan Sexual and Gender Identities in Colonial Senegal." Humanities 8, no. 4 (2019): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h8040166.

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Drawing from Achille Mbembe’s theorization of Afropolitanism as an opportunity for modern Africans “to experience several worlds” and develop flux, hybrid, and constantly mobile identities (“Afropolitanism” 29), this essay attempts to make an intervention into the ways in which this phenomenon appeared in colonial Senegalese culture. A neglected site of Afropolitanism was the colonial metropolis of Dakar which reflected subversive homosexual or transgender identities during the 1940s and 50s. Focusing on key writings such as Armand Corre’s book, L’ethnographie criminelle d’après les observatio

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31

Հարությունյան, Ժաննա. "Великие державы как противовес доминирующей политике Франции в бывших африканских колониях". Bulletin of Yerevan University D: International Relations and Political Sciences 12, № 3 (36) (2021): 55–60. https://doi.org/10.46991/bysu:d/2021.12.3.055.

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The growing attention of the great powers to the mineral-rich African region with other potentials was the reason why the African continent became a subject of conflict of interest and competition. In this context, in a number of parts of the region, including the former French colonies, there was a struggle between the United States, the USSR, China. Against the background of the political interests of the major international players in Africa France has moved from a unilateral policy to a multilateral one, in which the traces of the creation of the EU are more noticeable․

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32

Filippova, E. I., and V. R. Filippov. "The Collapse of the French Colonial Empire in the Memory Politics of the Fifth Republic." Izvestiya of Altai State University, no. 6(116) (December 18, 2020): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/izvasu(2020)6-13.

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The historical memory of the French about the collapse of the French colonial empire is controversial and situational. The apologetic version of historical memory interprets French colonialism as the civilizational mission of France on the Black Continent. This version is based on mythologemes formulated by C. de Gaulle and his associates J. Foccart, F. Houphouët-Boigny and others. This is the approach to the historical past that informs the official historical narrative and memorial policy of the Fifth Republic. To a degree, all the presidents of the French Republic from J. Chirac to E. Macro

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33

Philippov, Vasiliy Rudolfovich. "Paris vs. Beijing: Confrontation on the African Continent." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 20, no. 1 (2020): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2020-20-1-84-96.

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The subject of this study is the competitive relations in the political and economic spheres that have developed on the African continent in the 21st century between the French Republic and the People’s Republic of China. The author focuses on the main conflict-generating factors that caused the latent confrontation between the two countries that arose in the face of a changing geopolitical situation in the world in general and in Africa in particular. The methodological basis of this study is the comparative historical method; the work is based on the principles of historicism, reliability an

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34

D’Atanasio, Eugenia, Flavia Trionfetti, Maria Bonito, et al. "Y Haplogroup Diversity of the Dominican Republic: Reconstructing the Effect of the European Colonization and the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trades." Genome Biology and Evolution 12, no. 9 (2020): 1579–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa176.

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Abstract The Dominican Republic is one of the two countries on the Hispaniola island, which is part of the Antilles. Hispaniola was affected by the European colonization and massive deportation of African slaves since the XVI century and these events heavily shaped the genetic composition of the present-day population. To shed light about the effect of the European rules, we analyzed 92 single nucleotide polymorphisms on the Y chromosome in 182 Dominican individuals from three different locations. The Dominican Y haplogroup composition was characterized by an excess of northern African/Europea

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35

Larson, Pier M. "Malagasy at the Mascarenes: Publishing in a Servile Vernacular before the French Revolution." Comparative Studies in Society and History 49, no. 3 (2007): 582–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417507000631.

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European expansion from the fifteenth century produced much writing on, and sometimes in, non-European languages that served a broad array of imperial interests. Most European ventures into what one scholar has termed “colonial linguistics” were based on investigations among speakers of native tongues in the regions in which those speakers normally resided, twining language studies with observed “native” cultural qualities and setting out territories of colonial interest defined by local language and culture. Fewer colonial linguists ventured into plural societies to study the linguae francae

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36

Hoffman, Katherine E. "Berber Law by French Means: Customary Courts in the Moroccan Hinterlands, 1930–1956." Comparative Studies in Society and History 52, no. 4 (2010): 851–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417510000484.

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As the French conquered Muslim lands in their nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century quest for empire, they encountered multiple and sometimes mixed judicial systems among the native populations. In many places, legal codes were shaped by eitherfiqh, meaning Islamic law, one component of which is customary law, or by non-Islamic custom, or some combination of the two. To administer native justice in French colonies and protectorates, officials sorted through this multiplicity in order to standardize procedures, principles, and punishments. The standardization of customary law codes, whether w

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37

Linte, Guillaume. "Care, maternal welfare, and women’s associations in French colonial Africa." Dynamis 44, no. 1 (2024): 77–102. https://doi.org/10.30827/dynamis.v44i1.30726.

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After the First World War, the demographic decline of the African colonies became a significant concern for France and its empire. The colonizers feared that the workforce needed to develop colonized territories would not be sufficiently renewed in the future due to the influence of “social diseases” such as venereal diseases and alcoholism. To combat these threats, colonial health services invested in maternal and child health. Pregnant women, newborn babies, and young children became the prime targets of a health policy designed to promote population growth and secure the future of the colon

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Becker, Laurence C. "An early experiment in the reorganisation of agricultural production in the French Soudan (Mali), 1920–40." Africa 64, no. 3 (1994): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160787.

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Water control has long appeared an attractive technological solution to risky farming i n zones dependent on rain-fed cropping systems, especially in semi-arid regions. From the early twentieth century, European technicians and administrators sought to develop irrigated agriculture in African colonies. In the French Soudan the earliest colonial waterworks date back to the 1920s, just outside Bamako, in the vicinity of Baguineda. From Baguineda the French went on to develop a much larger-scale irrigation project north of Segou known as the Office du Niger. This study uses archival documents to

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Smirnova, Olga. "France in the Process of the Resolution of Conflicts on the African Continent." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 3 (July 2019): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.3.13.

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Introduction. Historically, France has always had an impact on the African continent. Despite the independence of most French colonies in Africa, France managed to maintain its position in the region. The system called “Françafrique” was created. The first element of this system is economic cooperation, namely the fact, that Africa provides an opportunity to use its natural resources. Another important element is the military one. The White paper of France has repeatedly emphasized the strategic importance of Africa for the Fifth Republic. In the 2010s, the situation in the region deteriorated

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Cooper, Nicola. "Biribi: Disciplining and punishing in the French empire." French Cultural Studies 29, no. 4 (2018): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155818794406.

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This article discusses the infamous Bataillons d’Afrique to which French former criminals were sent to complete their duty of military service. The ‘Bat d’Af’ were created to prevent the young male bourgeoisie from having to mix with these ‘undesirables’ and ‘reprobates’, and they were stationed well away from the mainland in France’s North African colonies. This article discusses themes such as discipline, punishment, torture, homosexuality, interracial power relations, and delinquent ‘cultures’ in this imperial context.

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Chanda Chansa Thelma, Edwin Vinandi Phiri, Zohaib Hassan Sain, Mwila Mwenda Gilbert, Yusuf Olayinka Shogbesan, and Daniel Monta Mulenga. "French colonialism and neocolonialism in Africa: A comprehensive analysis." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 23, no. 3 (2024): 2062–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.3.2832.

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The study examined how French colonialism has shaped political, economic, and social structures across the continent, focusing on the exploitation of resources, suppression of indigenous governance, and cultural imposition. It further delves into neocolonialism, where former colonies, despite gaining independence, remain economically dependent and politically influenced by France through mechanisms such as economic aid, military interventions, and Francophone networks. The study was qualitative in nature and the research design was descriptive as well as analytical which aimed to describe and

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Edwin, Vinandi Phiri, Vinandi Phiri Edwin, Hassan Sain Zohaib, Mwenda Gilbert Mwila, Olayinka Shogbesan Yusuf, and Monta Mulenga Daniel. "French colonialism and neocolonialism in Africa: A comprehensive analysis." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 23, no. 3 (2024): 2062–73. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14958919.

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The study examined how French colonialism has shaped political, economic, and social structures across the continent, focusing on the exploitation of resources, suppression of indigenous governance, and cultural imposition. It further delves into neocolonialism, where former colonies, despite gaining independence, remain economically dependent and politically influenced by France through mechanisms such as economic aid, military interventions, and Francophone networks. The study was qualitative in nature and the research design was descriptive as well as analytical which aimed to describe and

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Raifu, Isiaka Akande, Obianuju Ogochukwu Nnadozie, and Olaide Sekinat Opeloyeru. "Differences in Colonial Experience and the Institution-Economic Growth Nexus in West Africa." Jurnal Institutions and Economies 13, no. 2 (2020): 27–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/ijie.vol13no2.2.

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Does the quality of institutions affect economic growth in West African countries? Which institutional variable aids or harms economic growth in the region? Is the effect of institutions on economic growth in former French-colonised countries different from that of British-colonised countries? This study addresses these questions. Specifically, we first examined the effect of six institutional variables on economic growth for each of the 13 West African countries. Then, we employed panel data estimation techniques to examine the overall effect of the quality of institutions on the economies of

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Bene, Krisztián. "A Szabad Francia Légierő tevékenysége Afrikában." Afrika Tanulmányok / Hungarian Journal of African Studies 12, no. 1-3. (2018): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15170/at.2018.12.1-3.7.

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The Free French Air Forces were the air branch of the Free French Forces during the Second World War from 1940 to 1943 when they finally became part of the new regular French Air Forces. This study aims to present the activity of this special and little-known air force over the territory of Africa during this period.After the French defeat in June 1940 General Charles de Gaulle went to England to continue the fight against the Axis Forces and created the Free French Forces. Several airmen of the French Air Forces rallied to General de Gaulle which allowed the creation of the Free French Forces

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Homańska, Agnieszka. "The rise and fall of the Mali Federation." African Journal of Economics, Politics and Social Studies 1, no. 1 (2022): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/ajepss.2022.1.04.

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The Mali Federation may be perceived as one of the first African attempts at regional integration. After the Loi-cadre was enacted in 1959, the French colonies started their path toward independence, and they sought for cooperation. However, both views on the future relationship with the Fifth Republic and internal disputes over power distribution came as their most significant threats. The author analyses the idea and the creation of the Mali Federation, taking into consideration the political and historical factors. The aim of this paper is to present a general overview of one of the first a

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Filippov, Vasily. "The “Françafrique” Phenomenon as Reflected in French Historiography." Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN 60, no. 3 (2022): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2022-60-3-73-87.

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The subject of consideration is the French historiography of the African policy of the Fifth Republic. The author considers a continuum of any significant works (monographs, scientific articles, dossiers) devoted to the political, economic, military aspects of the ideology and political practices of the Champs Elysees during the presidency of Ch. de Gaulle, J. Pompidou, J. d’Estaing, F Mitterrand, J. Chirac, N. Sarkozy, F. Hollande and E. Macron. Considering the evolution of the views of French scientists and publicists on the African policy of French politics, the author comes to the conclusi

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Beziou, Ahmed Ould, та Faisal @. Ahmad Faisal Abdul Hamid. "كـتــابـات الـمـؤرخـيـن الــفـرنـسـيـيـن لـتـاريــخ الـجـزائــر أسـالـيـبها، دوافـعـها، مـمـيزاتها، سـلبـياتـها The French Historians Writings on the Algerian History: Their Methods, Motives, Advantages, Disadvantages". Al-Muqaddimah: Online journal of Islamic History and Civilization 11, № 1 (2023): 54–79. https://doi.org/10.22452/muqaddimah.vol11no1.5.

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This study aims to elucidate the historical writing methods employed by French historians in documenting the history of Algeria throughout different periods, examining their motivations. It highlights both the positive and negative aspects of these writings. The significance of this research lies in its exploration of a pivotal topic in European and African history, encompassing political, cultural, social, and economic dimensions. It becomes apparent that French historical writings paid considerable attention to their colonies in North Africa, notably emphasizing Algerian history, dedicating

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Harouna, Assoumi, and Abdoul Karim. "Assessing the Geo-Strategic Implications of France’s Withdrawal from the Sahel." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. I (2024): 719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.801055.

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Since their independence, postcolonial Sahelian republics have lived in the shadow of Paris, as the French have maintained enormous influence over their former African colonies, particularly those in the Sahel region. France’s self-proclaimed decades-long restoration of relations with Sahelian countries has achieved varied outcomes. France’s relations with the five Sahelian countries have been hampered by a colonial heritage that France has been hesitant to admit. Furthermore, it has been harmed by the years that followed African independence in the early 1960s, as well as by “França frique” –

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Andrzejczak, Katarzyna, and Agata Kliber. "Development assistance of France for African countries." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 62, no. 5 (2017): 38–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0917.

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The paper analyses the official development assistance provided by France to African countries within 2001—2012. The term official development assistance is understood as financial flows directed by the institutions of donor countries to a certain group of countries and multilateral institutions in order to support the progress and prosperity of developing countries. The aim of the study is to verify whether the criteria for granting financial support declared by the donors (in here: France) and determined by the Millennium Development Goals (defined by the UN General Assembly in 2000), are co

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NEBIE, Boukary. "Viols et transgressions des discours de référence dans les médias burkinabè." ALTRALANG Journal 3, no. 02 (2021): 134–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/altralang.v3i02.128.

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ABSTRACT: Like most of the French African colonies, Burkina Faso uses French as the official language. Thus, French is the language used in all educational spheres, in the public administration and by medias. However, “purist” or “normative” French is challenged by local variants. Firstly, used by “common” people who are obliged to speak the language so that they could have their daily bread, the linguistic interference is now used in medias. Hence, the interest in examining the motives behind acts of “transgressions” or even “violation” of reference discourse within the Burkinabe media.

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