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Journal articles on the topic 'French Alliance'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 12 February 2022

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1

Čirjevskis, Andrejs. "Exploring Critical Success Factors of Competence-Based Synergy in Strategic Alliances: The Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi Strategic Alliance." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 8 (2021): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14080385.

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This paper aims to unbundle the antecedents of competence-based synergy in the strategic alliance formation process by employing the ARCTIC framework. The current research provides a new empirical application of the ARCTIC framework to reveal the success factors of reciprocal synergies of the Renault–Nissan–Mitsubishi strategic alliance in the automotive industry. By taking a resource-based view on the sources of competitive advantage, the current paper contributes to theoretical and practical issues of global strategic alliances as part of the existing literature on strategic management, inte

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2

Butler, Declan. "French life-science alliance unveiled." Nature 458, no. 7241 (2009): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/458957a.

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Wellons, Patricia. "Sino‐French relations: Historical alliance vs. economic reality." Pacific Review 7, no. 3 (1994): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09512749408719102.

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Mercan, F. Özden. "A Struggle for Survival: Genoese Diplomacy with the Sublime Porte in the Face of Spanish and French Opposition." Journal of Early Modern History 23, no. 6 (2019): 542–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342649.

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Abstract During the sixteenth century Genoa became a significant ally of the Habsburg Empire. Shared political, commercial, financial, and strategic factors tied the Genoese patricians firmly to Spain. However, their alliance was by no means permanent. The relations between the Genoese and the Spanish crown were not without tensions and conflict. In the mid-sixteenth century, the combination of various factors set the stage for Genoa to reconfigure its alliances in the Mediterranean. Having fallen victim to the Habsburg and Valois conflict and being torn between the two, Genoa was forced to re

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Fang, Yiwei, Dawei Jin, Xian Sun, and Haizhi Wang. "New evidence on alliance experience and acquisition performance." Studies in Economics and Finance 32, no. 1 (2015): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sef-07-2014-0130.

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Purpose – This study aims to build on the organizational learning theory and propose a complex strategy by combining strategic alliance with subsequent acquisitions to penetrate new product markets. The authors empirically examined whether and to what extent preacquisition alliance experience affects the short- and long-term stock performance of acquiring firms. Design/methodology/approach – Data on acquisitions, in which the acquirers have experience from preacquisition alliance activities in their targets’ respective industry, were collected. Diversifying acquisitions were focused upon to en

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Baxter, Stephen B., and Jeremy Black. "The Collapse of the Anglo-French Alliance, 1727-1731." American Historical Review 94, no. 3 (1989): 754. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1873818.

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Ziv, Guy. "Shimon Peres and the French-Israeli Alliance, 1954–9." Journal of Contemporary History 45, no. 2 (2010): 406–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009409356915.

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Gmurczyk-Wrońska, Małgorzata. "Józef Piłsudski and the Polish-French Alliance (1926–1935)." Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 54, no. 3 (2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/sdr.2019.en4.03.

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Bergeron, Henri, Patrick Castel, and Abigail C. Saguy. "A FRENCH PARADOX?" French Politics, Culture & Society 37, no. 2 (2019): 110–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fpcs.2019.370205.

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The French news media has framed “obesity” largely as a product of corporate greed and social inequality. Yet, France has—like other nations including the United States—adopted policies that focus on changing individual-level behavior. This article identifies several factors—including food industry lobbying, the Ministry of Agriculture’s rivalry with the Ministry of Health and alliance with the food industry, and competition with other policy goals—that favored the development of individual-level policy approaches to obesity in France at the expense of social-structural ones. This case points

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Silverman, Willa Z. "Of Traiteurs and Tsars." Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 44, no. 3 (2018): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/hrrh.2018.440307.

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Between 1893 and 1901, the Parisian traiteur Potel et Chabot catered a series of gala meals celebrating the recent Franco-Russian alliance, which was heralded in France as ending its diplomatic isolation following the Franco-Prussian War. The firm was well adapted to the particularities of the unlikely alliance between Tsarist Russia and republican France. On the one hand, it represented a tradition of French luxury production, including haute cuisine, that the Third Republic was eager to promote. On the other, echoing the Republic’s championing of scientific and technological progress, it rel

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Jones, T. Cole. "“Displaying the Ensigns of Harmony”: The French Army in Newport, Rhode Island, 1780–1781." New England Quarterly 85, no. 3 (2012): 430–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00208.

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In June 1780, a French Catholic army landed in Newport, Rhode Island. Given British Americans’ longstanding animosities toward French Canada and initial confusions about the allied soldiers’ identity, cross-cultural accord had to be carefully established. The present essay illuminates how this unprecedented, seemingly unlikely Revolutionary alliance played out in practice.

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Pulsipher, Jenny Hale. "“Dark Cloud Rising from the East”: Indian Sovereignty and the Coming of King William's War in New England." New England Quarterly 80, no. 4 (2007): 588–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq.2007.80.4.588.

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King William's War (1689–97) has long been overshadowed by the wars bracketing it, but it was pivotal to English-Indian relations. As the English violated the treaty promises concluding King Philip's War and ignored Indian sovereignty, Indians turned to the French, establishing an alliance that would characterize the French and Indian Wars to come.

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13

Chin, Rachel. "After the Fall: British Strategy and the Preservation of the Franco-British Alliance in 1940." Journal of Contemporary History 55, no. 2 (2019): 297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009419846951.

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The conclusion of the Franco-German armistice in June 1940, followed by the severing of Franco-British diplomatic relations less than two weeks later, has been viewed by historians as the end of Anglo-French cooperation against the Nazi war machine and the beginning of a resurgence in tensions between two historical rivals. However, my research argues that in the days and weeks surrounding the French defeat the British government followed a policy of continuity in its depictions of the Anglo-French relationship. It did so by publically distancing the bulk of the metropolitan French population

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Young, Robert J. "French Military Intelligence and the Franco-Italian Alliance, 1933–1939." Historical Journal 28, no. 1 (1985): 143–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00002259.

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‘Watersheds’ and ‘turning points’ are two standard literary devices for addressing the question of direction in history. Once that direction is determined, one is able to survey the roads not taken, sorting out the possible and the probable from the unavoidable. This paper forswears the vocabulary of turning points, but it owes something to the idea such language expresses. Put cryptically, our discussions of the origins of the Second World War could afford to pay closer attention to Franco-Italian relations in the 1930s. Next to the Manchurian, Rhenish, Spanish, Austrian, Czech and Polish cri

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GREVER, JOHN H. "The Dutch assemblies and the renewal of the French alliance." Parliaments, Estates and Representation 17, no. 1 (1997): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02606755.1997.9627017.

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Falaleev, Petr. "French Position Towards The Formation Of The North Atlantic Alliance." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia 5 (2019): 109–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640005855-8.

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Delerue, Hélène. "Relational risk perception and alliance management in French biotechnology SMEs." European Business Review 17, no. 6 (2005): 532–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09555340510630563.

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Shlapentokh, Dmitry. "Russians as Asiatics: Memory about the Present." European Review 21, no. 1 (2013): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798712000269.

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History as recorded very often follows the desire of political pragmatists. Nineteenth-century French views of Russia are a good example. France was in conflict with Russia through most of that century. As racism grew across Europe, French historians presented Russians as brutish Asiatics and a mortal threat to civilized Europe. The Russo-French alliance in 1894 changed these views, but the stereotypes continued to hibernate in the collective subconscious of the West to be resurrected in times of political expediency.

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McNulty, Mel. "The collapse of Zaïre: implosion, revolution or external sabotage?" Journal of Modern African Studies 37, no. 1 (1999): 53–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x99002979.

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The collapse of Mobutu's Zaïre in 1996/97 was the result of an unprecedented correspondence of domestic, regional and international interests. The Zaïrean state was established and sustained during the Cold War with Western support as a bulwark against communism and source of raw materials. It maintained itself after the Cold War by playing on external fears of state collapse and by supporting French regional interests. By 1996, with the failure of French credibility and US refusal to intervene, it had no reliable external protector. Internal support was non-existent, and an opposition allianc

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20

Donzé, Cécile, Lucie Malapel, Arnaud Kwiatkowski, et al. "Treatment discontinuation in multiple sclerosis: The French Web-based survey ALLIANCE." Multiple Sclerosis Journal - Experimental, Translational and Clinical 1 (June 5, 2015): 205521731560072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055217315600720.

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21

Roider,, Karl A. "The Collapse of the Anglo-French Alliance, 1727-1731. Jeremy Black." Journal of Modern History 63, no. 2 (1991): 370–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/244325.

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22

Carpenter, Daniel, and Doris Brossard. "L’éruption patriote: The Revolt against Dalhousie and the Petitioning Explosion in Nineteenth-Century French Canada." Social Science History 43, no. 3 (2019): 453–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2019.23.

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As much as any other site in the nineteenth century, Francophone Lower Canada saw immense waves of popular petitioning, with petitions against British colonial administration attracting tens of thousands of signatures in the 1820s. The petition against Governor Dalhousie of 1827–28 attracted more than 87,000 names, making it one of the largest mass petitions of the Atlantic world on a per-capita scale for its time. We draw upon new archival evidence that shows the force of local organization in the petition mobilization, and combine this with statistical analyses of a new sample of 1,864 names

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23

Brogi, Alessandro. "Ending Grand Alliance Politics in Western Europe: US Anti-communism in France and Italy, 1944–7." Journal of Contemporary History 53, no. 1 (2017): 134–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022009416678919.

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The postwar ascendancy of the French and Italian Communist Parties (PCF and PCI) as the strongest ones in the emerging Western alliance was an unexpected challenge for the USA. The US response during this time period (1944–7) was tentative, and relatively moderate, reflecting the still transitional phase from wartime Grand Alliance politics to Cold War. US anti-communism in Western Europe remained guarded for diplomatic and political reasons, but it never mirrored the ambivalence of anti-Americanism among French and especially Italian Communist leaders and intellectuals. US prejudicial opposit

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Fregonese, Pierre-William, and Kazunari Sakai. "French Cultural Strategy and the Japanese Paradigm." ALTERNATIVE FRANCOPHONE 2, no. 9 (2021): 6–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/af29420.

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France used to have one of the most powerful cultural diplomacy: it needs nowadays to modernize its strategy to hold on to its international position. France has a long history of foreign cultural policy and is one of the few countries that have placed great emphasis on fostering its culture abroad. However, the French position is currently being challenged by emerging international rivalries. Establishing a cultural strategy in the 21st century requires not only a consistent approach between the projection of an elite culture and of a pop culture, but also a joint action between public and pr

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25

Corbière, Marc, Jocelyn Bisson, Sylvie Lauzon, and Nicole Ricard. "Factorial validation of a French short-form of the Working Alliance Inventory." International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research 15, no. 1 (2006): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mpr.27.

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Guédeney, Nicole, Jacques Fermanian, Florence Curt, and Antonia Bifulco. "Testing the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) in a French primary care setting." Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 40, no. 10 (2005): 844–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-005-0972-4.

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Wenger, Andreas. "Crisis and Opportunity: NATO's Transformation and the Multilateralization of Détente, 1966–1968." Journal of Cold War Studies 6, no. 1 (2004): 22–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152039704772741588.

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This article discusses how the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) overcame the challenged posed by France in the mid to late 1960s. French President Charles de Gaulle's decision to withdraw France's remaining forces from NATO's integrated military commands, and his visit to Moscow shortly thereafter, exposed the alliance to unprecedented tension. Yet as NATO moved toward a crisis, opportunities arose to define a new vision for the alliance in a time of détente. Trilateral talks among the United States, Britain, and the Federal Republic of Germany forged a consensus on strategy, force le

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_, _., and Camille Noûs. "Why French Academic Journals are Protesting." Political Anthropological Research on International Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (2020): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25903276-bja10015.

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Abstract Written by an anonymous collective of academics as well as an alliance of academic journals on strike, “Why French Academic Journals are Protesting” firstly operates as an archive of struggles unfolding in the world and on the future of research and higher education in France. Documenting a wave of transformations, from the bureaucratization of student-teacher relations and the commodification of university diplomas to the contractualisation of academic labor and cuts to employee benefits, the article exposes the loss of autonomisation and the diffusion of precarity in French academia

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Bell, David S. "French Socialists: Refusing the “Third Way”." Journal of Policy History 15, no. 1 (2003): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2003.0002.

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In 1997 the French Socialist party, in alliance with the small parties of the Communists, Verts (left-wing ecologists), Citizens' Movement, and Radical Socialists (the so-called plural left), won a narrow victory defeating the President's party, the failing government and its beleaguered prime minister. In June, the left formed a government under its leader, Lionel Jospin, and included ministers from all of the formations. Its victory was unexpected as in 1993 the Socialist party had suffered a near obliteration and the conservative right had won a landslide, but it had revived at the 1995 pre

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30

Orr, Andrew. "Plan Z: The Popular Front, Civil-Military Relations and the French Army’s Plan to Defeat a Second Paris Commune, 1934–1936." International Journal of Military History and Historiography 39, no. 1 (2019): 63–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24683302-03901004.

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Following the formation of the Popular Front in 1934, French generals feared that the alliance, which included the French Communist Party (pcf), could foreshadow a coming revolt in Paris. Generals Maxime Weygand and Maurice Gamelin responded by preparing to implement Plan Z, a plan to defeat a Parisian revolt. Given politicians’ fear that many French officers were antirepublican, the French Army would have faced a major political crisis if Plan Z had leaked. Plan Z called for a multidivisional assault on Paris, which showed that the General Staff believed a large-scale revolution was possible.

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Nikčević, Jasmina. "LES IDÉES DE LA RÉVOLUTION FRANÇAISE DANS L’OEUVRE POLITIQUE ET LITTÉRAIRE DE RHIGAS VELESTINLIS (1757–1798)." La mémoire et ses enjeux. Balkans – France: regards croisés, X/ 2019 (December 30, 2019): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.29.2019.2.

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IDEALS OF FRENCH REVOLUTION IN A POLITICAL AND LITERARY PIECE OF RIGAS VELESTINLIS (1757–1798) This paper aims at enlightening the importance of French revolution regarding Rigas Velestinlis, who was one of the most influential figures of the Hellenistic and Balkan territories at the end of XVIII century, bearer of The Age of Enlightenment ideas, politician, patriot, and a visionare of a republican and democratic alliance. His opus consists of a literary-translative piece, and notable political-revolutionary writings: Revolutionary proclamation, Declaration of human rights, Constitution, and T

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Thébaud, Gilles, Guillaume Choisnet, and Camille Roux. "Contribution to the survey of the heathlands of the french Massif central (habitats 4030 and 4060) : analysis of phytosociological data." BIOM - Revue scientifique pour la biodiversité du Massif central 2, no. 1 (2021): 62–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.52497/biom.v2i1.283.

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À partir d’un échantillonnage initial de 990 relevés de landes du Massif central français, issu de la bibliographie et de recherches récentes sur le terrain, les auteurs réalisent une analyse globale puis des analyses partielles en MTC, CCA et DCA sur 675 relevés concernant les étages montagnard moyen et subalpin. Les résultats de cette révision conduisent à la caractérisation de seize associations végétales dont cinq nouvelles et quarante-sept sous-unités. Le sud et l’est du Massif central, Cévennes, Vivarais, Margeride, jusqu’ici moins bien connus, apportent le plus grand lot de nouveautés p

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MISZCZUK, Marcin. "THE LITTLE ENTENTE – EXPECTATIONS AND OUTCOMES." Ante Portas - Studia nad bezpieczeństwem 2(13)/2019, no. 2(13)/2019 (2020): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33674/20192.

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This article presents information concerning a European regional pact, formed during the interwar period – the Little Entente. The aim of the study is to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of an alliance between the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the history of its creation. The influence that the Little Entente made on the history of Europe is very often overlooked. Though the alliance ultimately did not survive the strong pressure of the European powers, effective organisational structures and the successes of common foreign policy were a guideline for the integration of

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Bilby, Kenneth M. "The explorer as hero: ‘Le Fidèle Apatou’ in the French wilderness." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 78, no. 3-4 (2004): 197–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002512.

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Reconstructs the life story and activities of the Aluku Maroon Captain Apatu in French Guiana. Author describes how Apatu aligned with and aided French explorer Jules Cerveaux in exploring the Amazon region in the late 1870s, and maintained contacts with other French colonial figures. Partly because his role and achievements in colonial expansion were valued by the French, Apatu became an important intermediary between the French and the Aluku Maroons. Author further outlines how Apatu due to these French contacts, and also a journey to Paris, adapted to and assimilated French culture, althoug

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Satskiy, Pavlo. "The Relationship Between the UPR and the Entente in December 1917 ‒ March 1918: Crisis of the Status of Ukraine As a Subject of International Relations." European Historical Studies, no. 7 (2017): 123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2017.07.103-124.

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On the basis of the archival papers, the research of the relations of Ukrainian People’s Republic with the allies of The Triple Alliance agreement, in particular with France, has been made. The system of relations of the Ukrainian People’s Republic institutions with the representatives of The Triple Alliance in Kyiv has been researched. However, the analysis of these relations has been made in the context of the events taking place in the entire European system of relations. In particular, the analysis of works of the French representative in Kyiv, General J. Tabouis, aimed at establishing sys

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Grange, L., X. Chevalier, F. Rannou, et al. "National alliance against osteoarthritis: A French coalition to research and mobilize against osteoarthritis." Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine 56 (October 2013): e367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2013.07.942.

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GAGNIER, D. "French loans to China 1895-1914: The alliance of international finance and diplomacy." Australian Journal of Politics & History 18, no. 2 (2008): 229–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1972.tb00593.x.

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38

Glickman, G. "Christian Reunion, the Anglo-French Alliance and the English Catholic Imagination, 1660-72." English Historical Review 128, no. 531 (2013): 263–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cet038.

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Otte, T. G. "Allies with the Infidel: The Ottoman and French Alliance in the Sixteenth Century." Mediterranean Quarterly 23, no. 2 (2012): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/10474552-1587892.

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Wall, Irwin M. "Front Populaire, Front National: The Colonial Example." International Labor and Working-Class History 30 (1986): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900016823.

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The popular front strategy, by which the French Communist party (PCF) came to mean a tactical alliance of the left including the Socialists and the left-leaning elements of the petty bourgeoisie represented by the Radical party, was pursued only briefly by the PCF in the 1930s, from 1934 to 1936. This is ironic, since it is by the slogan of the Front Populaire that the period of the 1930s in French history was to be subsequently known and remembered. The popular front was actually a transitional strategy between the famous (or infamous) “Third Period” of Comintern history from 1928–34, charact

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Wall, Irwin M. "Front Populaire, Front National: The Colonial Example." International Labor and Working-Class History 30 (1986): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547900003847.

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The popular front strategy, by which the French Communist party (PCF) came to mean a tactical alliance of the left including the Socialists and the left-leaning elements of the petty bourgeoisie represented by the Radical party, was pursued only briefly by the PCF in the 1930s, from 1934 to 1936. This is ironic, since it is by the slogan of the Front Populaire that the period of the 1930s in French history was to be subsequently known and remembered. The popular front was actually a transitional strategy between the famous (or infamous) “Third Period” of Comintern history from 1928–34, charact

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Thiébaut, Rafaël. "An Informal Franco-Dutch Alliance: Trade and Diplomacy Between the Mascarenes and the Cape, 1719-1769." Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies 1, no. 1 (2017): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/jiows.v1i1.23.

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In the eighteenth century, possessions of the different European mercantilist companies rarely interacted, commercially or otherwise. For example, communication between the Dutch colony at the Cape and the French Mascarenes under the regime of the Compagnie des Indes was mostly fortuitous. However, when the French islands were in need of provisions during the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), local authorities did not hesitate to establish a direct maritime connection with the Dutch Cape Colony in order to obtain wheat and wine. Throughout the conflict, the governors of the two colonies maintained

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Davis, Richard. "Mesentente Cordiale: The Failure of the Anglo-French Alliance. Anglo-French Relations During the Ethiopian and Rhineland Crises, 1934-6." European History Quarterly 23, no. 4 (1993): 513–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026569149302300402.

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Zueva, K. "Current French–US Partnership." World Economy and International Relations 59, no. 11 (2015): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-59-11-47-55.

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The article examines US–France relations, in particular within the NATO framework, as well as positions of France in the Alliance, its participation in NATO operations and its desire to play a more active role in this organization. The pilot of American interests in the Asian-Pacific region and events in Ukraine revive aspirations of Europeans for more active building of the “European defense”. The France-Britain military collaboration is developing intensively. However, France considers the formation of the “European army” as a question of a very long-term perspective. The article also examin

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DE GRAND, ALEXANDER. "‘To Learn Nothing and To Forget Nothing’: Italian Socialism and the Experience of Exile Politics, 1935–1945." Contemporary European History 14, no. 4 (2005): 539–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777305002754.

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As the Italian anti-fascist exiles reorganised after the establishment of a full dictatorship in 1925, they were confronted by a series of difficult issues that no longer could be dealt with in the national context. The overriding need to heal the divisions within the Italian left now would be conditioned by choices made on the international level. The abdication of the Western democracies at Munich meant to many on the left that the Soviet Union was the essential bulwark against fascism. Within the Italian Socialist Party Pietro Nenni defended the alliance with the Communist Party and support

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Kermarrec, Solenn, Bernard Kabuth, Claude Bursztejn, and Francis Guillemin. "French Adaptation and Validation of the Helping Alliance Questionnaires for Child, Parents, and Therapist." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 14 (2006): 913–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370605101407.

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Kaplan, Lawrence S. "Reviews of Books:Securing American Independence: John Jay and the French Alliance Frank W. Brecher." American Historical Review 110, no. 1 (2005): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/531162.

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Grange, L., and J. N. Dachicourt. "PARE0020 National alliance against osteoarthritis : a french coalition to research and mobilize against osteoarthritis." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 72, Suppl 3 (2013): A1114.3—A1115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.3200.

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Horne, Janet R. "Global culture fronts: the Alliance Française and the cultural propaganda of the Free French." European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire 25, no. 2 (2018): 222–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13507486.2017.1412402.

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BONNER, ELIZABETH. "FRENCH NATURALIZATION OF THE SCOTS IN THE FIFTEENTH AND SIXTEENTH CENTURIES." Historical Journal 40, no. 4 (1997): 1085–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x96007066.

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Abstract:

French naturalization of the Scots appears to have evolved from lands granted to individual Scots by Charles VII during the Hundred Years War, and it would seem that the libertas testandi associated with these grants in the fifteenth century was an early form of what were later called lettres de naturalité in the sixteenth century. French naturalization was granted not only to individual Scots but to all Scottish subjects by certain French monarchs from Charles VII to Louis XIV and had its origins in the ‘Auld Alliance’, as the Scots referred to their relationship with France, and the establis

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