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Relevant bibliographies by topics / French and Creole

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Academic literature on the topic 'French and Creole'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "French and Creole"

1

Jennings, William, and Stefan Pfänder. "French Guianese Creole." Journal of Language Contact 8, no. 1 (December 17, 2015): 36–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-00801003.

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This article hypothesizes that French Guianese Creole (fgc) had a markedly different formative period compared to other French lexifier creoles, a linguistically diverse slave population with a strong Bantu component and, in the French Caribbean, much lower or no Arawak and Portuguese linguistic influence.The historical and linguistic description of the early years offgcshows, though, that the founder population offgcwas dominated numerically and socially by speakers of Gbe languages, and had almost no speakers of Bantu languages. Furthermore, speakers of Arawak pidgin and Portuguese were both present when the colony began in Cayenne.

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Wiesinger, Evelyn. "Non-French lexicon in Guianese French Creole." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 34, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 3–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.00027.wie.

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Abstract Guianese French Creole1 (GFC) is one of the least studied French Creoles, which is especially true with respect to its non-French-related input. Combining sociohistorical, demographic and linguistic data, this contribution gives a first lexico-etymological account of the GFC lexicon of non-French origin, including Amerindian and Portuguese influences and especially the quantitative and qualitative nature of the contribution made by different Niger-Congo languages. These findings are discussed in light of controversial hypotheses on the particular influence of early numerical and/or socially dominant ethnolinguistic groups on the creole lexicon (i.e. Baker 2012), as well as with regard to word classes and semantic domains to which the different groups contributed. Whereas Gbe and non-Gbe languages clearly diverge with regard to their semantic contribution, the early dominance of presumably Gbe-speaking slaves in French Guiana is not reflected in the numerical proportion of Gbe-related lexical items in GFC, at least on the basis of my still limited data. This study thus tentatively confirms the lesser explanatory power of the lexicon for creole genesis scenarios and points to the fact that sub- or adstrate-related lexical items may have taken very complex etymological routes, which clearly need further study.

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Gosnell, Jonathan. "The (French) Creole Turn?" Quebec Studies 71, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 19–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/qs.2021.4.

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In what ways can study of cultural mixing or métissages, often linked to histories of empire, colonization, and assimilation, help to better understand complexities in contemporary French and francophone societies? How can theories of creolization explain ambiguous ethnic, racial, and national phenomena that have long existed but have remained obscure? This article critically examines hybrid cultures that have coalesced as a result of pervasive French presence in the world over the last several centuries. The publications of Histoire mondiale de la France and its English translation France in the World: A New Global History sparked debate both inside and outside the Academy, on both sides of the Atlantic, about the global currents that have shaped nations like France and the United States. More readily acknowledged creolizations in French-speaking parts of the globe signal a noteworthy evolution. The analysis herein leans on oceanic thought developed by philosopher Édouard Glissant in his influential Traité du Tout-Monde. Glissant emphasizes the ephemeral, unpredictable, improvisational nature of creolizations. While common in the French and francophone world, creolizations know no boundaries and respect no borders; they are constantly and transgressively reinventing themselves. To what extent is the question of creolization in modern Québec relevant? The essay focuses in particular on French cultural cross-fertilization in the Americas and the compelling tensions between créolité and américanité. De quelles manières l’étude des métissages culturelles, souvent liées aux histoires d’empire, de colonisation et d’assimilation, peut-elle nous aider à mieux comprendre les complexités des sociétés françaises et francophones actuelles? Comment les théories de la créolisation peuvent-elles expliquer l’ambiguïté de certains phénomènes ethniques, raciaux et nationaux qui existent depuis longtemps mais qui restent obscurs. Cet article examine de manière critique les cultures hybrides qui résultent d’une présence mondiale française depuis plusieurs siècles. L’édition d’Histoire mondiale de la France et de sa traduction anglaise, France in the World: A New Global History, a suscité des débats sur les courants mondiaux qui ont forgé des nations comme la France et les États-Unis à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur de l’académie, des deux côtés de l’Atlantique. Des créolisations plus facilement reconnues dans quelques régions du monde francophone signalent une évolution pertinente. Cette analyse s’appuie sur la pensée océanique du philosophe Édouard Glissant dans son influent Traité du Tout-Monde, dans lequel il met l’accent sur la nature éphémère, imprévisible et improvisée des créolisations. Quoique communes en France ainsi que dans le monde francophone, les créolisations ne respectent ni limite ni frontière; elles s’inventent de nouveau sans cesse et de manière transgressive. Dans quelle mesure la question de la créolisation est-elle pertinente au Québec actuel? Cet essai jette un regard particulier sur les métissages culturels français dans les Amériques et sur les tensions entre la créolité et l’américanité.

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Corne, Chris. "Mauritian Creole Reflexives." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 3, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.3.1.03cor.

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In the process of pidginization and creolization that occurred in the 18th century, Mauritian Creole (Mau) did not retain the atonic clitics of French. In consequence, morphologically marked reflexives were lost, or paraphrased in various ways using especially the lexical item lekor 'body'. Where French uses a tonic pronoun (in the imperative), early Mau retained the structure. Continuing French semantactic influence reintroduced pronouns (derived from French tonic pronouns), at least in the usage of writers in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and in modern times, due to an evolving society, in the usual speech of increasing numbers of speakers. The result, i.e., the use of unmarked object pronouns to handle reflexivity, is typolog-ically a rather unusual pattern.

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Golembeski, Dan. "French and Creole in Louisiana:French and Creole in Louisiana." American Anthropologist 101, no. 4 (December 1999): 859–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1999.101.4.859.

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Nadasdi, Terry, and Albert Valdman. "French and Creole in Louisiana." Language 75, no. 4 (December 1999): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417743.

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Menestrel, Sara Le. "French music, Cajun, Creole, Zydeco." Civilisations, no. 53 (January 1, 2006): 119–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/civilisations.579.

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Hintze, Marie-Anne, and Albert Valdman. "French and Creole in Louisiana." Modern Language Review 98, no. 1 (January 2003): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3738216.

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DUBOIS, SYLVIE, and MEGAN MELANÇON. "Creole is, Creole ain't: Diachronic and synchronic attitudes toward Creole identity in southern Louisiana." Language in Society 29, no. 2 (April 2000): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500002037.

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Creole identity in Louisiana acquired diverse meanings for several ethnic groups during the French and Spanish regimes, before and after the purchase of the Louisiana Territory, and through the last part of the 20th century. In spite of a strong shift toward “Black” identity by many African Americans in the state, those who are fluent Creole French speakers now seem to be the repository of Louisiana Creole identity. This article presents a diachronic study of the different meanings applied to Creole identity which resulted from dramatic social, political, and economic changes. It also delimits and defines the actual attributes of Creole identity within two representative African American communities. Because of the historical and political conditions underlying Creole identity, African Americans who still identify as Creoles insist on linguistic attributes, rather than on the criterion of race, as essential characteristics of their ethnic identity.

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Smith, Taylor RaeAnne. "Education Policy and Creole Education in Guadeloupe: Ambiguity for Educators in Educational Materials and Concern Over a French-Creole Interlect in the Classroom." Sustainable Multilingualism 14, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 32–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sm-2019-0002.

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Summary Regional languages in France have historically struggled to find their place in the national linguistic landscape, and French-based Creoles, like those of Guadeloupe and Martinique, are no exception. Despite laws and initiatives like the creation of the Creole CAPES (2002) and the propagation of research like Poth (1997) and Cummins (2009) on the benefits of bilingualism, Creole-language education in French overseas departments, like Guadeloupe, is still stigmatized for a lack of standardization by academic policymakers, despite its attested success in the classroom as a tool for improving students’ metalinguistic capacities in French. Using a corpus of official Creole-language educational guides, pedagogical guides and one elementary textbook featuring exercises focusing on correction of regional French phrases, along with observations of two elementary Creole-language classes in Guadeloupe, this paper aims to analyze and demonstrate that educators often receive mixed messages on how to teach Creole in bilingual classrooms, and that the language is often perceived as a threat by French academic policymakers to the French abilities of students in Guadeloupe—yet that in practice, elementary students are more likely to struggle with Creole than French.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "French and Creole"

1

Grant, A. P. "Agglutinated nominals in Creole French." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507002.

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Gadelii, Karl Erland. "Lesser Antillean french creole and universal grammar /." Göteborg : Department of linguistics : University of Göteborg, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb389559462.

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Fattier, Dominique. "Contribution à l'étude de la genèse d'un créole l'atlas linguistique d'Haïti, cartes et commentaires /." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/43860528.html.

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Cadette-Blasse, Antheia Dorn. "Testing equivalence classification: the acquisition of French L2 phones by St. Lucian Creole French and St. Lucian Creole English speakers." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23811/23811.pdf.

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Cadette-Blasse, Antheia. "Testing equivalence classification : the acquisition of French L2 phones by St. Lucian Creole French and St. Lucian Creole English speakers." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18250.

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Cyrille-Thomas, Odile. "The syntax of fronting in French and Guadeloupe Creole." Thesis, University of Salford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.400764.

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Nwenmely, Hubisi. "Kweyol language teaching in the Caribbean and the UK." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359532.

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Sauvé, Lisa-Marie. "Sak pase (what's going on)? : reading and spelling skills of bilingual Haitian children in French Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112514.

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Linguists and psychologists alike have long overlooked the study of creole languages. We know very little about language and reading acquisition in young creole speakers. The aim of the present study was to examine the development of reading-related skills in native speakers of Haitian Creole (HC), a French-based creole, educated in French. In order to isolate the effects of speaking two highly similar languages, we compared Haitian children in 1st and 2nd grade to Spanish-French bilingual children and French monolingual children from European descent. Children from our sample were from five different schools in Montreal and had similar socioeconomic status. Participants were tested individually over three sessions on French standardized and experimental tasks assessing metalinguistic awareness, reading, comprehension, vocabulary and mathematical skills. Bilingual children were also tested on reading and spelling tasks in HC and Spanish. Results showed that HC and Spanish bilinguals performed as well as French native speakers on metalinguistic and reading tasks. However, Spanish-speaking children received lower scores than children in the two other groups on a receptive vocabulary measure. In an experimental task comparing the spelling of words of varying phonological similarity in HC and French, Haitian children had more difficulty spelling words that are cognates in HC and French than homophones or noncognate translations. Findings from this study were interpreted in light of the Bilingual Interactive Activation model (Dijsktra & Van Heuven, 1998).

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Taitt, Glenroy Ruthven Peter. "'Jardin Creole' : domestic food production by the peasantry in Trinidad and Guadeloupe, 1897-1946." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307731.

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This thesis is a comparative economic study of domestic food production by the peasantry in two West Indian societies, Trinidad and Guadeloupe. It examines the period 1897 to 1946; Trinidad was then under British rule while Guadeloupe was a French colony. The study relates the evolution of domestic food production to fluctuations in export agriculture, revealing a strong inverse relationship between the two, in both colonies. The level of food imports also stimulated or stiffled domestic food production. Therefore, the domestic agricultural sector in Trinidad and Guadeloupe alike was never autonomous. The study draws on underdevelopment theory to highlight the analysis. The role of the colonial government is the major contrast between the two colonies. In Guadeloupe, except during W.W.II, the government was extremely supportive of the peasantry and their domestic food crops. In Trinidad, on the other hand, the government was largely indifferent, except during the Second World War. The difference in policy stemmed from republicanism in Guadeloupe and the Crown colony system in Trinidad. The study relies heavily on (basic) statistical information as well as other primary data. But information on domestic food production has, understandably, been difficult to come by. As a consequence the research has drawn on significant pieces of secondary works as well. As a comparative work, this thesis is distinctive as there are very few studies of West Indian history which compare British and French West Indian colonies. Moreover, there are equally few works in English on the French West Indies.

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Zadi, Samuel. "L'écriture hybride dans le roman francophone African et Antillais : resemblances et différences /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115603.

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Books on the topic "French and Creole"

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Theodore, Charmant. Creole-English English-Creole. New York: Hippocrene Books, 1997.

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Creole-English/English-Creole (Caribbean). New York: Hippocrene Books, 1996.

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Valdman, Albert, ed. French and Creole in Louisiana. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5278-6.

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Mauritius: Its Creole language : the ultimate Creole phrase book : English-Creole dictionary. London, England: Nautilus Pub. Co., 1999.

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Cyprien, J. Moril. English, Creole, French medical vocabularies and phrases, Creole, French, English medical vocabularies and phrases. West Palm Beach, Fla. (1513 Tamarind Ave., West Palm Beach 33401): Full Gospel Assembly Church, 1986.

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6

June, Kelly, ed. Ma Chance's French Caribbean creole cooking. New York: Putnam, 1985.

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Theodore, Charmant. Haitian Creole dictionary & phrasebook: Haitian Creole-English/English-Haitian Creole. New York: Hippocrene Books, 2008.

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Freeman, Bryant C. Survival Creole. 2nd ed. Port-au-Prince: La Presse Evangélique, 1992.

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Hazaël-Massieux, Guy. Les créoles: Problèmes de genèse et de description. [Aix-en-Provence]: Université de Provence, 1996.

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Targète, Jean. Haitian Creole-English dictionary. Kensington, Md: Dunwoody Press, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "French and Creole"

1

Etienne, Corinne. "French in Haiti." In Creole Language Library, 179–200. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.28.12eti.

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Neumann-Holzschuh, Ingrid. "Gender in French creoles." In Creole Language Library, 251–72. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.28.17neu.

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Henry, Jacques. "The Louisiana French Movement." In French and Creole in Louisiana, 183–213. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5278-6_7.

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Jennings, William. "Demographic factors in the formation of French Guianese Creole." In Creole Language Library, 373–87. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.34.24jen.

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Klingler, Thomas A., Michael D. Picone, and Albert Valdman. "The Lexicon of Louisiana French." In French and Creole in Louisiana, 145–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5278-6_6.

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Hazael-Massieux, Marie-Christine. "Change in the possessive system of French Caribbean Creole languages." In Creole Language Library, 113–28. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cll.34.11haz.

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Valdman, Albert, and Thomas A. Klingler. "The Structure of Louisiana Creole." In French and Creole in Louisiana, 109–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5278-6_5.

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Blyth, Carl. "The Sociolinguistic Situation of Cajun French." In French and Creole in Louisiana, 25–46. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5278-6_2.

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Valdman, Albert. "Introduction." In French and Creole in Louisiana, 1–23. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5278-6_1.

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Flikeid, Karin. "Structural Aspects and Current Sociolinguistic Situation of Acadian French." In French and Creole in Louisiana, 255–86. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5278-6_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "French and Creole"

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Grange, L., F. Rannou, F. Berenbaum, C. Roques, F. Srour, C. Delaunay, P. Niemczynsky, et al. "OP0278-PARE The french patient's association (AFLAR: french league against rheumatism) has generated the french national alliance against osteoarthritis and the first general convention of osteoarthritis in france: a campaign to create a national lobbying tool to improve the management of osteoarthritis." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.1464.

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Weddle, Robert. "Modernity and Domesticity in the French citie-jardins: The Case of the Cite de la Muette." In 1995 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.1995.30.

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In the first half of the 1930’s, construction began on an illfated housing development to the northeast of Paris, called the Cite de la Muette. The design and construction of this development, as well as its eventual failure, marked an important turning-point in French conceptions of collective housing. Shortly after work was underway on the Cite, when descriptions of it began to appear in architectural journals, it became clear that this was to be a model for a distinctly new type of suburban community. The Cite, according to its promoters, would combine the most modem forms and materials, production techniques, and domestic conveniences to create attractive, inexpensive, and efficient housing.

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Goncharov, A. A., and O. Yu Inkova. "IMPLICIT LOGICAL-SEMANTIC RELATIONS AND A METHOD OF THEIR IDENTIFICATION IN PARALLEL TEXTS." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-310-320.

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One of the main characteristics of logical-semantic relations (LSRs) between two fragments of a text is that these relations can be either explicit (expressed by some marker, e.g. a connective) or implicit (derived from the interrelation of these fragments’ semantics). Since implicit LSRs do not have any marker, it is difficult to find them in a text (whether automatically or not). In this paper, approaches to analysing implicit LSRs are compared, an original definition for them is offered and differences between implicit LSRs and LSRs expressed by non-prototypical means are described. A method is proposed to identify implicit LSRs using a parallel corpus and a supracorpora database of connectives. Based on the well-known statement that LSRs can be explicitated by adding connectives in the translation, it is argued here that through selecting pairs in which fragments where a connective is used to express an LSR in the translation correspond to those containing any of the translation stimuli standard for this connective in the source language, it is possible to get an array of contexts in which this LSR is implicit in the source text (or expressed by means other than connectives). This method is then applied to study the French causal connectives car, parce que and puisque using a Russian-French parallel corpus. The corpus data are analysed to obtain information about LSRs particularly about cases where the causal LSR in Russian is implicit, as well as about the use of causal connectives in French. These results are used to show that the method proposed allows to quickly create a representative array of contexts with implicit LSRs, which can be useful in both text analysis and in machine learning.

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Grange, L., B. Cortet, T. Thomas, F. Srour, P. Guggenbuhl, C. Roux, P. Monod, et al. "PARE0012 The french patient’s association aflar: has generated the french national alliance against osteoporosis and the first general convention for osteoporosis, that is a campaign to create a national promoting tool to improve the management of osteoporosis.: 7 priorities to better treat patients i." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2018, Amsterdam, 13–16 June 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-eular.3922.

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Da Cunha, Amanda Caroline Marques, and Flavia Luiza De Lira. "Desafios da Gestão de uma Creche no Uso Pedagógico das TDIC e Alinhamento com a BNCC." In IV Congresso sobre Tecnologias na Educação (Ctrl+e). Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/ctrle.2019.8888.

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O estudo tem por objetivo analisar as estratégias e propostas de formação docente adotadas pela gestão de uma creche, frente ao uso pedagógico das TDIC de modo a atender o que está proposto na BNCC. O percurso metodológico possui um caráter qualitativo, onde nos utilizamos de alguns de elementos da análise de discurso. Para isto realizamos uma entrevista, na qual analisamos no discurso das profissionais o nível de conhecimento das suas atribuições e o alinhamento com a BNCC. Os resultados revelam um corpo gestor atuante, que busca atender os anseios da comunidade escolar na construção e condução do PPP, porém há uma lacuna no desenvolvimento de estratégias e articulação com os docentes.

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Delplancq, Véronique, Ana Maria Costa, Cristina Amaro Costa, Emília Coutinho, Isabel Oliveira, José Pereira, Patricia Lopez Garcia, et al. "STORYTELLING AND DIGITAL ART AS A MEANS TO IMPROVE MULTILINGUAL SKILLS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end073.

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The use of storytelling and digital art as tools to understand a migrant family’s life path will be in the center of an innovative methodology that will ensure the acquisition of multilingual skills and the development of plurilingual awareness, reinforcing the various dimensions of language (aesthetic and emotional, in addition to cognitive), in a creative, collaborative and interdisciplinary work environment. This is especially important among students who are not likely to receive further language training. It is not yet clear how teachers can explore multilingual experiences of learners, both in terms of language learning dimensions but also related with the multiple cognitive connections and representations, as well as to the awareness of language diversity. The JASM (Janela aberta sobre o mundo: línguas estrangeiras, criatividade multimodal e inovação pedagógica no ensino superior) project involves a group of students of the 1st cycle in Media Studies, from the School of Education of Viseu, who will work using photography, digital art and cultural communication, collecting information pertaining to diversified cultural and linguistic contexts of the city of Viseu (Beira Alta, Portugal), both in French and English, centered on a tradition or ritual of a migrant family. Based on an interview, students write the story (in French and English) of the life of migrants and use photography to highlight the most relevant aspect of the migrant’s family life. Using as a starting point an object associated with religion, tradition or a ritual, students create an animated film, in both languages. This approach will allow the exploration of culture and digital scenography, integrating in an innovative interdisciplinary pathway, digital art, multilingual skills and multicultural awareness. Students’ learning progress and teacher roles are assessed during this process, using tests from the beginning to the end of the project.

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Bourgeois, Myriam, Olivier Ancelet, Stéphane Marie, and Stephane Chapuliot. "Mechanical Characterization for a Large Test Design of a Dissimilar Metals Welding With a Narrow Gap Nickel Alloy Weld: Experimental and Numerical Analysis on Specimens." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78139.

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Dissimilar metal welds are a common feature of light water reactors in connections between ferritic components and austenitic stainless steel piping systems. Inspection difficulties, variability of material properties and residual stresses all combine to create problems for structural integrity assessment. Within the framework of European project STYLE, a fracture test on a pipe containing a through wall crack in a narrow gap Nickel alloy Dissimilar Metals (DMWinc) is under preparation. The work is focusing on the nickel alloy - ferrite steel interface which is the weakest area of such welded pipes in front of ductile tearing. The study temperature is 300°C, which covers typical temperatures in components like hot pipes in the primary coolant system of pressurized water reactors. This paper gives an overview of the program and the first results of works which is been carried out by the French Atomic Energy Commission and Alternative Energies (CEA) in order to study the mechanical properties and integrity of component of the DMWinc pipes provided and designed by AREVA France.

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Couso, Daniel, Jose´ Fano, Felicidad Ferna´ndez, Elena Ferna´ndez, Julio A. Guirao, Jose´ L. Lastra, Victor J. Marti´nez, Javier Ordieres, and Iva´n Va´zquez. "Development of Codes and Standards for ITER In-Vessel Components." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57611.

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This paper describes the changes made to existing version of the Structural Design Criteria for In-vessel Components (SDC-IC) within the ITER project, as a result of the revision and update process carried out recently. Several ITER components, referred to as In-vessel Components, are located inside the ITER Vacuum Vessel: (a) Blanket System: shields the Vessel and Magnets from heat and neutron fluxes; (b) Divertor: extracts heat, helium ash and impurities from the plasma; (c) Fuelling: gas injection system to introduce fuel into the Vacuum Vessel; (d) Ion Cyclotron Heating & Current Drive System: transfers energy to the plasma by electromagnetic radiation; (e) Electron Cyclotron Heating & Current Drive System: uses radio waves to heat to the plasma; (f) Neutral Beam Heating & Current Drive System: accelerates Deuterium particles into the plasma; (g) Lower Hybrid Heating & Current Drive System: drives electric current into the plasma; (h) Diagnostics: measurement systems to control plasma performance, and further understand plasma physics; (i) Test Blankets: demonstrate techniques for ensuring tritium production within the tokamak. ITER In-vessel Components will be subjected to special operating and environmental conditions (neutron radiation, high heat fluxes, electromagnetic forces, etc.). The effects of irradiation on them, including embrittlement, swelling and creep, are not addressed in the existing commercial codes. These conditions are different from conditions in fission reactors and create challenging issues related to the design of these components. For this reason the Structural Design Criteria for ITER In-vessel Components (SDC-IC) [1] was developed for design purposes. SDC-IC was based mainly on the RCC-MR [2] code, and included rules for assessment of effect of neutron irradiation. In 2008 some issues were identified: (1) Some parts had not been fully prepared to cover all needed areas for design; (2) Some important topics needed to be improved; (3) New editions of codes on pressure equipment had been published; (4) No manufacturing rules were included, so consistency between manufacturing rules to be used and design rules in SDC-IC needed to be demonstrated; (5) Compliance with the ESP (French Decree concerning the Pressure Equipment Directive 97/23/EC for non-nuclear pressure vessels) [3] and ESPN (French Order applicable for pressure vessels intended for nuclear facilities) [4] needed to be addressed. The work carried out for Fusion For Energy (European Union’s Joint Undertaking for ITER) is: (a) Modification of design rules, incorporating rules from recently developed codes, and development of specific design rules to cover ITER specific issues and operational conditions; (b) Demonstration of consistency between design rules in SDC-IC and european standards used for manufacturing, in particular EN 13445 [5]; identifying areas where consistency is not provided; (c) Assessment of the compliance with the Essential Safety Requirements of the French Regulations (ESP and ESPN).

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El-Dehaibi, Nasreddine, and Erin F. MacDonald. "Extracting Customer Perceptions of Product Sustainability From Online Reviews." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98233.

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Abstract In order for a sustainable product to be successful in the market, designers must create products that are not only sustainable in reality, but are also sustainable as perceived by the customer — and reality vs. perception of sustainability can be quite different. This paper details a design method to identify perceived sustainable features (PerSFs) by collecting online reviews, manually annotating them using crowd-sourced work, and processing the annotated review fragments with a Natural Language machine learning algorithm. We analyze all three pillars of sustainability — social, environmental, and economic — for positive and negative perceptions of product features of a French press coffee carafe. For social aspects, the results show that positive PerSFs are associated with intangible features, such as giving the product as a gift, while negative PerSFs are associated with tangible features perceived as unsafe, like sharp corners. For environmental aspects, positive PerSFs are associated with reliable materials like metal while negative PerSFs are associated with the use of plastic. For economic aspects, PerSFs mainly serve as a price constraint for designers to satisfy other customer perceptions. We also show that some crucial sustainability concerns related to environmental aspects, like energy and water consumption, did not have a significant impact on customer sentiment, thus demonstrating the anticipated gap in sustainability perceptions and the realities of sustainable design, as noted in previous literature. From these results, online reviews can enable designers to extract PerSFs for further design study and to create products that resonate with customers’ sustainable values.

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Miranda Junior, Jaime, Lídia Neumann Potrich, Paulo Maurício Selig, José Leomar Todesco, and Denilson Sell. "PANORAMA CIENTÍFICO SOBRE CONHECIMENTO E RESILIÊNCIA." In Congresso Internacional de Conhecimento e Inovação (ciKi). Congresso Internacional de Conhecimento e Inovação (ciKi), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48090/ciki.v1i1.920.

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O contexto vigente é marcado por fortes mudanças e transformações, a nível econômico, social, ambiental e tecnológico. Este fato tem despertado o interesse de diversas áreas, em estudar fenômenos e recursos que possibilitem a compreensão, entendimento e estratégias de enfrentamento frente a incertezas e turbulências. Assim, cresce o interesse por pesquisas relacionadas a resiliência e também ao recurso gerador de valor da nova economia: o conhecimento. Desta forma, este artigo tem como objetivo identificar o estado da arte dos estudos que relacionem conhecimento e resiliência, através de uma revisão bibliométrica. Os resultados apontam à emergência deste tema, mas ainda uma vasta oportunidade de estudar estes constructos sob a ótica da gestão e das ciências exatas.

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Reports on the topic "French and Creole"

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Hutchinson, M. L., J. E. L. Corry, and R. H. Madden. A review of the impact of food processing on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in secondary processed meats and meat products. Food Standards Agency, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bxn990.

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For meat and meat products, secondary processes are those that relate to the downstream of the primary chilling of carcasses. Secondary processes include maturation chilling, deboning, portioning, mincing and other operations such as thermal processing (cooking) that create fresh meat, meat preparations and ready-to-eat meat products. This review systematically identified and summarised information relating to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during the manufacture of secondary processed meatand meat products (SPMMP). Systematic searching of eight literature databases was undertaken and the resultantpapers were appraised for relevance to AMR and SPMMP. Consideration was made that the appraisal scores, undertaken by different reviewers, were consistent. Appraisal reduced the 11,000 initially identified documents to 74, which indicated that literature relating to AMR and SPMMP was not plentiful. A wide range of laboratory methods and breakpoint values (i.e. the concentration of antimicrobial used to assess sensitivity, tolerance or resistance) were used for the isolation of AMR bacteria.The identified papers provided evidence that AMR bacteria could be routinely isolated from SPMMP. There was no evidence that either confirmed or refuted that genetic materials capable of increasing AMR in non-AMR bacteria were present unprotected (i.e. outside of a cell or a capsid) in SPMMP. Statistical analyses were not straightforward because different authors used different laboratory methodologies.However, analyses using antibiotic organised into broadly-related groups indicated that Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to third generation cephalosporins might be an area of upcoming concern in SPMMP. The effective treatment of patients infected with Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to cephalosporins are a known clinical issue. No AMR associations with geography were observed and most of the publications identified tended to be from Europe and the far east.AMR Listeria monocytogenes and lactic acid bacteria could be tolerant to cleaning and disinfection in secondary processing environments. The basis of the tolerance could be genetic (e.g. efflux pumps) or environmental (e.g. biofilm growth). Persistent, plant resident, AMR L. monocytogenes were shown by one study to be the source of final product contamination. 4 AMR genes can be present in bacterial cultures used for the manufacture of fermented SPMMP. Furthermore, there was broad evidence that AMR loci could be transferred during meat fermentation, with refrigeration temperatures curtailing transfer rates. Given the potential for AMR transfer, it may be prudent to advise food business operators (FBOs) to use fermentation starter cultures that are AMR-free or not contained within easily mobilisable genetic elements. Thermal processing was seen to be the only secondary processing stage that served as a critical control point for numbers of AMR bacteria. There were significant linkages between some AMR genes in Salmonella. Quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) resistance genes were associated with copper, tetracycline and sulphonamide resistance by virtue of co-location on the same plasmid. No evidence was found that either supported or refuted that there was any association between AMR genes and genes that encoded an altered stress response or enhanced the survival of AMR bacteria exposed to harmful environmental conditions.

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