Academic literature on the topic 'French colonisation and independence'
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Journal articles on the topic "French colonisation and independence"
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Alobwede, Charles Esambe. "THE REPOSSESSION OF A COMPLEX LANGUAGE: THE CASE OF THE FRENCH LANGUAGE IN CAMEROON." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 5 (June 8, 2020): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i5.2020.134.
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This article sets out to study the evolution of the French language in Cameroon from the period of colonisation to the present. The article focuses in particular on the use of the language during the colonial period and its imposition on Cameroonians through the French policy of assimilation. Contrary to the British policy of indirect rule, France considered its colonies as oversea territories (la France outre-mer) whichss had to speak and write the French language in a manner as prescribed by the Académie Française. Our investigation looks at the evolution of the language after independence and the different varieties that developed from mainstream French: these include Cameroon popular French (CPF) or the social variety, and a hybrid variety (camfranglais) used mostly by the younger generation of Cameroonians. We aim at evaluating the influence of the latter variety, in order to analyse the radical transformation process that the French language is experiencing in French Africa in general and in Cameroon in particular. The article aims at validating our hypothesis that the French language as used in Cameroon is a repossession of a very complex language.
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Loyal, Steven. "The French in Algeria, Algerians in France: Bourdieu, Colonialism, and Migration." Sociological Review 57, no. 3 (August 2009): 406–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.2009.01847.x.
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Bourdieu's early fieldwork which included field observation, statistical analysis, and the use of photography to capture, represent, and analyse Algerian society in its complexity, took place within the unusual context of the Algerian War of Independence (1954–62). A number of his photographs of Algerian life depict the physical dislocation of Algerian peasantry into shanty towns largely as the result of rapid socio-economic and cultural change introduced by French colonisation and war. Although this fieldwork was to fundamentally shape his subsequent oeuvre, substantive issues which arose out of this research including colonialism, racism, and migration, tended to disappear in his later writings. This paper will argue that Bourdieu's discussion of colonialism in his early work, together with arguments developed by his student and co-author, Abdelmalek Sayad, provide a basis for understanding contemporary processes of ethno-racial domination and migration.
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Alobwede, Charles Esambe. "THE REPOSSESSION OF A COMPLEX LANGUAGE: THE CASE OF THE FRENCH LANGUAGE IN CAMEROON." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 5 (May 31, 2019): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i5.2019.821.
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This article sets out to study the evolution of the French language in Cameroon from the period of colonisation to the present. The article focuses in particular on the use of the language during the colonial period and its imposition on Cameroonians through the French policy of assimilation. Contrary to the British policy of indirect rule, France considered its colonies as oversea territories (la France outre-mer) which had to speak and write the French language in a manner as prescribed by the Académie Française. Our investigation looks at the evolution of the language after independence and the different varieties that developed from mainstream French: these include Cameroon popular French (CPF) or the social variety, and a hybrid variety (camfranglais) used mostly by the younger generation of Cameroonians. We aim at evaluating the influence of the latter variety, in order to analyse the radical transformation process that the French language is experiencing in French Africa in general and in Cameroon in particular. The article validates our position that the French language as used in Cameroon is a repossession of a very complex language. We conclude with comments on the opinions of various actors, their attitudes and judgments of the different varieties of the language as used in Cameroon.
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Laallam, Abdelkader, Salina Kassim, Engku Rabiah Adawiah bt Engku Ali, and Buerhan Saiti. "Waqf in Algeria: Its Historical Exploration from Ottoman to Post-Independence Era." Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 11, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 132–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jitc.111.08.
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This study provides a critical discussion on the history of waqf in Algeria throughout three main different eras namely, the Ottoman rule era, the French colonisation period and after independence era, to raise awareness and enrich researchers’ thoughts regarding the practice of waqf in Algeria. Also, it highlights the practice of many waqf institutions existed therein and addresses their developments and impacts on the community life. Subsequently, it highlights the development of the waqf legal system in Algeria, which provides a platform that facilitates understanding its status in the Algerian community, which offers lessons to be learnt from and considered for the development of waqf institutions. The authors reviewed a significant body of relevant studies written on various aspects of the waqf history in Algeria, to provide readers and researchers with lessons from waqf institutions in Algeria throughout three different phases in history, as few studies have addressed this issue in the context of Algeria. The study reveals that the Ottoman rule era in Algeria was marked by the spread of different waqf institutions which played a vital role in all aspects in the community life. However, these institutions experienced a huge retreat during the colonial era, where the French colonisers aimed at confiscating awqāf and belittling its effective role in the community. After independence in 1962, there have been modest initiatives to upgrade waqf properties, and attempts to recover the lost ones, but all these efforts were considered weak as compared with the size of the waqf properties in Algeria during the Ottoman period.
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M'Balla-Ndi, Marie. "Division in the land of ‘the unspoken’: Examining journalistic practice in contemporary New Caledonia." MedieKultur: Journal of media and communication research 33, no. 62 (June 9, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v33i62.24431.
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While the Kanaks’ (local indigenous population of New Caledonia) pro-independence protests against the French settlers and, more broadly, the French Republic, have been extensively documented in the global media and academic literature, another protest - more subtle and diffused, but deeply embedded - is taking place in New Caledonia.New Caledonia is a South Pacific archipelago colonised by the French in 1853 and set to decide whether to remain in the French Republic or become independent in a referendum between 2014 and 2019.This paper suggests that there is a polarisation in the New Caledonian media sphere, which deeply affects journalistic practices with tendencies to resist Western impositions, standards and dominance (for Kanak journalists and their leaders), while metropolitan journalists (who have settled in New Caledonia from France) tend to often reject customs or indigenous rules shaping general and media communication within local communities. Both tendencies also have a significant impact on which material the journalists will be able to collect for their news organisations, as well as an impact on the relationships these journalists will maintain (or not) with local communities and personalities.This paper examines some aspects of Pacific knowledge (including traditions, values, beliefs and protocols) and explores the nuances of a complex socio-political ‘liquid modern’ context in order to present examples of how developments inherent from tradition, colonisation and decolonisation aspirations, affect the work of local journalists (both metropolitan journalists, and Kanak journalists). Drawing on data collected during periods of archival research, participant observation and interviews conducted at both the metropolitan daily newspaper, Les Nouvelles Calédoniennes, and the pro-independence radio station, Radio Djiido, this paper demonstrates how local journalists problematically navigate, and often contest, diverse socio-cultural values, practices and principles inherent from different times and places/spaces creating a deep division in the New Caledonian media sphere. It is suggested in this paper that Kanak values are often strongly contested by many metropolitan journalists, who often refuse to give any consideration to cultural factors, while, on the other hand, Kanak journalists will often tend to reject some of the principles of Western (or modern) journalism, adjusting these values and/or standards for specific or strategic reasons, such as preserving ‘la coutume'. This paper will also argue that deploying an approach that engages with the concept of liquid modernity, takes into account re-emerging oceanic epistemologies, and that provides a thicker explanation of observed media practices, proves useful for studying journalism in New Caledonia, where culture appears to deeply affect journalism practice on a daily basis.
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Yapa, Prem W. Senarath, Kerry Jacobs, and Bopta Chan Huot. "The field of accounting." Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal 29, no. 3 (March 21, 2016): 401–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aaaj-02-2012-00942.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the field of accounting as a nexus between the rise of industrial societies, strategies of elites to preserve and reproduce privilege, practices of state control and the external forces of colonisation and globalisation. The authors explore this field in the context of Cambodia which embodies a particularly diverse range of internal and external influences. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative research approach is employed. The research methods were an analysis of secondary sources and interviews with key officials former Head of State and academics. An effort was made to interview Khmer Rouge survivors about the nature of the accounting practices, class and state control. Findings – During the pre-colonial and the period of French colonial influence, there was relatively accounting practice or distinctive professional bodies. Under the Khmer Rouge there was both a clear rejection of individuals with accounting skills while there were some attempts to use of elements of accounting as tools of central control. This use of accounting as a tool of control was further normalised under Vietnamese rule and socialism. Following the restoration of independence there was some French influence on the growth of institutional and practices of accounting. However, these institutions and practices have been modified and refined by recent growth of international accounting firms and the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants. Research limitations/implications – This paper has significant implications for understanding the nature and development of the accounting in developing countries, recognising both national and internal influences. Practical implications – This paper has practical implications for understanding the nature and changes associated with the accounting profession in a global context. Originality/value – This paper adds new literature on accounting which recognises the nexus of interests, practices and institutions associated with the field of accounting.
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Amedegnato, Ozouf Sénamin. "L’Afrique à rebours: la décadence dans un corpus de littérature Togolaise." Nordlit 15, no. 2 (March 26, 2012): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.2046.
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During the past fifteen years, the West African country of Togo has witnessed the emergence of a new generation of writers - a third generation since independence from colonisation - working in the French language. Born around 1960, these writers have been making their way onto the literary scene since approximately 1990. A certain number of distinctive traits, which have attracted the attention of critics, unequivocally delineate this generation from the two that preceded it. Among these is a new literary aesthetic that resonates with the fin de siècle - with the end of the twentieth century, but also with the end of the second millennium. Moreover, such ends of time cycles, because they exacerbate apprehension about the future and provoke a desire to re-evaluate the past, are propitious to the development of Decadent literatures.The goal of this contribution is to examine parallels between the nineteenth century Decadence movement and the new literary aesthetic being employed by Togolese writers of the third generation - and to thereby demonstrate that their aesthetic is without question a neo-Decadent one. Not only does it emerge at the end of the century/millennium, a time when humanity is inevitably reflecting on its fate, but it also coincides with the accelerating globalisation of information (the Internet) and of commercial markets, a context worth taking into account in that it represents a symbolic loss of landmarks, and a doing away with traditional frontiers - both themes that have preoccupied Decadents of all times and all places. Using the work of two Togolese writers (Kossi Efoui and Sami Tchak), this article will explore in exactly what ways these writers can be categorized as Decadents, and the different methods of transgression they use to depict their discontent with their society of origin, which, at the end of the twentieth century, is in a situation of political, economic and social decay.
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GUNPUTH, Rajendra Parsad. "Low Cost Tertiary Education: The Price to Pay for Knowledge-Business Hub-The Mauritius Transitional Education Case Study." Journal of Education and Vocational Research 5, no. 4 (December 30, 2014): 154–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jevr.v5i4.164.
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Most United Kingdom (UK) universities are franchising fast with foreign universities affording low cost tertiary education. Most students and graduates in Mauritius have their degree and other awards from local, Indian or British universities. However, in the recent couple of years UK universities are franchising more and more with local institutions (University of Mauritius and University of Technology Mauritius) with large campuses on the small island of the Republic of Mauritius. Of both French (1715-1810) and British colonisation (1810-1968) until its independence in 1968 the young Republic of Mauritius (12 March 1992) is one of the leading countries in Africa where secondary education is free with a relative weaker fee to enter in tertiary institutions like the University of Mauritius. In a contextualised approach the study that shall follow explain the actual situation transition education in Mauritius where local students are less and less reluctant to go to the UK to have a degree. In return UK universities instead are mushrooming around the island attracting local students who cannot afford to pay high cost tertiary education in countries like the USA, France or the UK. Actually, UK universities are recruiting local academics to lecture on their programmes in Mauritius for local students who despite their high profile cannot afford to pay the fees in the USA or UK. UK universities are also sending their staff to lecture in Mauritius and local students have the same award they would receive in the UK. Indeed, the research reflects to what extent students are willing to remain in Mauritius to avoid obstacles and harassment they would probably face in the UK or the USA in terms of visas, accommodation, job facilities just to name a few. But there is still a cost to pay.
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Gunn, Geoffrey C. "French Indochina: Ambiguous Colonisation – Unambiguous Nationalism." Journal of Contemporary Asia 41, no. 3 (June 29, 2011): 491–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2011.582721.
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ZOUACHE, ABDALLAH. "Institutions and the colonisation of Africa: some lessons from French colonial economics." Journal of Institutional Economics 14, no. 2 (January 26, 2017): 373–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137416000503.
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AbstractThis paper will propose a comparative analysis of the conceptualization of colonisation that could shed light on the contemporary economic analysis of the colonial legacy in Africa. More specifically, this article will propose a return to old debates on colonisation, with a special focus on French 19th century political economy. Three main institutionalist lessons can be drawn from a careful analysis of French colonial economics of the 19th century. First, by institutions, the authors referred not only to the modes of colonisation – liberalism or collectivism? – but also to the actors: What should be the respective role of states and of private actors (entrepreneurs, banks, settlers) in the colonisation of Africa? Second, the colonial debates involved a discussion of property, whether in the sense of land ownership (individual vs. collective) or under the prism of property rights. Third, the analysis of the colonisation of Africa by French economists reveals an understanding of institutions as cultural values, norms or even racial attributes.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "French colonisation and independence"
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El, kallab Tania. "Three essays on French colonial trade." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0835/document.
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Cette thèse se compose de trois études empiriques sur le commerce colonial Français. Le premier chapitre consiste d’une étude comparative entre le commerce Franco-colonial et le commerce Français avec d'autres groupes de colonies et pays afin d'analyser la nature et la dynamique du commerce sectoriel Français dans la période 1880 jusqu’à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale. A la base, ce chapitre décrit la construction et restructuration complète des différentes données historiques primaires sur la valeur du commerce sectoriel Français. Les résultats mettent en évidence une tendance commune du commerce Franco-colonial. En particulier, le commerce de la France avec ses colonies a été principalement basé sur les importations de produits de matière première et sur les exportations de produits manufacturés. Cette évidence confirme que l'Empire colonial a été un débouché principal pour exportations de la France et un réservoir essentiel de matières premières. Les statistiques montrent également que suite à la colonisation des colonies Françaises, les échanges commerciaux entre la France et ses colonies ont augmenté, tandis que la colonisation de la Grande-Bretagne et des autres métropoles n'a pas affecté le commerce entre la France et colonies anglaises et européennes. Les résultats ne révèlent pas un avantage comparatif en faveur de ces colonies. Le deuxième chapitre étudie comment la stratégie coloniale illustrée par le nombre des colons Européens installés dans les colonies a affecté la structure du commerce Français. On applique un modèle de gravité dont les résultats montrent que les colonies françaises ayant plus de colons Français dans leurs territoires s’engagent plus dans des relations de commerce avec la France, alors que l'inverse est vrai pour les autres colonies. Ce chapitre examine en outre deux canaux par lesquels l’installation des colons européens pourrait avoir affecté les échanges commerciaux entre la France et les colonies: les institutions et les réseaux. Les résultats montrent que meilleures sont les institutions dans les colonies Françaises, moins est le commerce avec la France, alors que ces meilleures institutions facilitent le commerce de la France avec les colonies anglaises. Ces résultats sont cohérents avec la nature extractive du commerce Franco-colonial. Les réseaux ont un impact positif sur le commerce de la France avec ses colonies, mais un impact négatif sur le commerce avec les autres colonies. Enfin, dans le dernier chapitre, on étudie la relation entre le type de biens que les colonies exportent vers la France et la croissance économique ultérieure de ces pays. Une explication commune pour le nexus exportations-croissance est la qualité des institutions établies dans ces colonies pendant la période coloniale. Afin d'étudier l'impact du commerce colonial sur la croissance économique par l’intermédiaire des institutions, on applique l’approche PLS du modèle d’équations structurelles. Grace à cette méthode, nous sommes en mesure de tirer simultanément l'importance relative et du commerce et des institutions sur la croissance, tout en tenant compte des problèmes de multicolinéarité entre ces variables, leurs erreurs de mesures et des problèmes de taille de petits échantillons. Les résultats évoquent un rôle commun et important du commerce colonial et de la qualité des institutions en déterminant la croissance économique des pays à long terme. En particulier les colonies françaises qui ont exporté des matières premières a la France ont développé des institutions extractives, ce qui a affecté négativement leur développement aujourd'hui, tandis que celles qui ont exporté des produits manufacturés performent mieux économiquement aujourd'hui. Parmi les colonies anglaises et les autres colonies européennes, les exportations de matières premières et de produits manufacturés vers la France ont contribué à de meilleures institutions et donc à un meilleur développement économique a long-termeThis thesis consists of three empirical papers on French colonial trade patterns: Chapter 1 undertakes a comparative study between Franco-colonial trade and French trade with other groups of countries in order to analyse the nature and dynamic of French sectoral trade for the period starting 1880 until the eve of the WWI. Initially it presents a complete description of the construction and restructure of the various primary historical. Results highlight a common trend regarding Franco-colonial trade. In particular, French trade with its colonies was mainly based on imports of primary products and exports of manufactured goods meaning that the Empire was used as the main dispenser of French exports and their main provider of natural resources. Statistics also emphasize that the event of colonization was followed by an increase in trade between France and its colonies, while colonization from Britain and other metropolis did not impact trade between France and British/ other colonies. This chapter finally reveals that trade with French colonies was unbalanced with no advantage in favor of those colonies. Chapter 2 investigates how the colonial strategy through the settlement decision affected French trade patterns. Using a gravity model, results show that French colonies with more European settlements traded more with France, whereas the opposite is true for other colonies. The chapter further investigates two channels through which European settlements might have affected the French trade pattern with colonies: institutions and networking. Results show that better institutions brought by European settlements had a negative impact on trade with French colonies, while it promoted trade with British colonies. These results are consistent with the extractive nature of French trade relations with its colonies. As for networking, it increases overall French trade within French colonies but reduces it in other colonies. Finally in the last chapter we investigate the relation between the type of goods colonies exported to France and those economies' later development. A common explanation for the export-growth nexus is the quality of institutions established in those colonies during the colonial period. In order to investigate the impact of colonial trade on current growth through the mediation of institutions, we apply the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. With this method we are able to simultaneously derive the relative importance of trade and of institutions on growth, while taking into account multicollinearity between the variables, their measurements errors and small sample size issues. The results suggest an important joint role for both trade and institutions in determining economic development in the long run. In particular French colonies who exported raw material developed extractive institutions, which negatively affected development today, while those who exported manufactured goods experience better economic performance today. Among British and other colonies, however, higher exports of both raw materials and of manufactured goods to France are associated with better institutions, which lead to better economic performance in the long-run
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Bahij, Aicha A. "The socio-economic legacy of French colonialism in Morocco: The lasting impact of the French protectorate on Morrocan trade, agriculture and education." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5772.
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The purpose of this research is to examine the socio-economic legacies of the
French Protectorate in Morocco and the attitude of modern-day Moroccans to that
legacy, through a series of in-depth interviews with a wide range of people who lived
through colonialism and came after it.
I use these interviews alongside documents of the time and the findings of
contemporary commentators to chart the establishment of the Protectorate's social
and economic policies in Morocco and how they destroyed the traditional
infrastructure and cultural heritage of the country to replace them by a more - modern
and civilised - westernised system. I argue that, although some good did come from
French colonialism in Morocco, these policies were not viable and so, when
decolonisation came about, the country was unable to sustain itself and, therefore,
had no choice but to continue to look to France both financially and educationally.
Through highlighting how France transformed every aspect of Moroccan life to match
that of la Métropole, this research shows why Moroccans find it so hard to shake off
their colonial past, why they continue to use the French language in business, politics and education and why, unless Morocco steps out of the shadow of its former
occupier, and make its own way in the world, they feel it will never be truly
independent.
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Bahij, Aicha Alexandra. "The socio-economic legacy of French colonialism in Morocco : the lasting impact of the French protectorate on Morrocan trade, agriculture and education." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5772.
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The purpose of this research is to examine the socio-economic legacies of the French Protectorate in Morocco and the attitude of modern-day Moroccans to that legacy, through a series of in-depth interviews with a wide range of people who lived through colonialism and came after it. I use these interviews alongside documents of the time and the findings of contemporary commentators to chart the establishment of the Protectorate's social and economic policies in Morocco and how they destroyed the traditional infrastructure and cultural heritage of the country to replace them by a more 'modern and civilised' westernised system. I argue that, although some good did come from French colonialism in Morocco, these policies were not viable and so, when decolonisation came about, the country was unable to sustain itself and, therefore, had no choice but to continue to look to France both financially and educationally. Through highlighting how France transformed every aspect of Moroccan life to match that of la Métropole, this research shows why Moroccans find it so hard to shake off their colonial past, why they continue to use the French language in business, politics and education and why, unless Morocco steps out of the shadow of its former occupier, and make its own way in the world, they feel it will never be truly independent.
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Laidani, Amar. "Le droit coutumier kabyle pendant la colonisation française." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD035.
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Notre thèse a comme sujet l’analyse des phénomènes de la codification et la réforme des coutumes kabyles qui ont eu lieu pendant la colonisation française.La « codification » et la « réforme » sont deux éléments clés du droit colonial du Second Empire colonial français. Le droit coutumier kabyle a été le résultat d’une codification des coutumes kabyles qui a été menée par un militaire, Adolphe Hanoteau, et un magistrat, Aristide Letourneux. Cette codification a pris la forme d’un ouvrage en trois volumes, intitulé La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles. Ce droit coutumier a été officiellement reconnu par la législation coloniale française par le biais de l’article 2 du décret du 29 août 1874. Cette reconnaissance officielle des coutumes kabyles a eu comme effet la création d’un statut juridique particulier de droit privé, celui de l’indigène musulman régi par le droit coutumier kabyle.Les coutumes kabyles codifiées par le régime militaire ont été par la suite réformées par le régime civil. La première coutume à avoir été réformée a été celle de la chefaa (retrait successoral), suivie par la tutelle des mineurs kabyles par le biais du décret de 01 juin 1902 et par les coutumes kabyles en matière de matière de divorce et droit successoraux des femmes kabyles à travers les décrets du 2 et du 19 mai 1931.Notre thèse s’articule autour de deux parties. Dans la première partie, nous avons décrit les raisons qui ont été à l’origine de la codification des coutumes kabyles. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur la politique menée par les Bureaux Arabes en Kabylie et sur la manière dont les coutumes kabyles ont été rédigées dans l’ouvrage d’Hanoteau et Letourneux, intitulé La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles. Dans la deuxième partie de la thèse, nous nous sommes penchés sur la période du régime civil (1871-1931) et sur la jurisprudence ainsi que sur la législation qui ont réformé les coutumes kabyles en matière de chefaa, de tutelle des mineurs et de statut des femmes.Un chapitre final est dédié à l’analyse de l’héritage postcolonial du droit colonial français appliqué en Algérie au sein du droit algérien durant les années 1962-1975 ainsi qu’au sein de l’actuel droit français d’Outre-mer à Mayotte et en Nouvelle-CalédonieThe main topic of our dissertation is the analysis of the phenomena of the codification and the reform of the Kabyle customary law which took place during the French colonial era.The codification and the reform are two keywords of the colonial law history of the french Second Colonial Empire. Kabyle’s customary law (droit coutumier) was the result of the codification of Kabyle’s customs that was made by a soldier, Adolphe Hanoteau and a judge, Aristide Letourneux. The result of this codification was a treatise of three volumes entitled La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles. This customary law was officially recognized by the french colonial legislation by means of Article 2 od the Decree of August 29, 1874. This official recognition of Kabyle customs creates a special legal status, the Muslim indigenous ruled by Kabyle’s customary law. The Kabyle’s customs codified by the military were subsequently reformed by the civil regime. The first customs that have been reformed was the chefaa, followed by the guardianship of the Kabyle minors through the decree of the 01 June 1902 and the Kabyle’s customs in matters of divorce and inheritance rights of Kabyle women though the decrees of May 2nd and 19th, 1931.Our thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, we have described the reason of the codification of Kabyle’s customs. We focused on the policy of the Arab Bureaux in Kabylia and the way in which the kabyle customs were written in the work of Hanoteau an Letourneux, entitled La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles.In the second part of the thesis, we focused on the period of the civil regime (1871-1931) and the case law as well as the legislation that reformed the Kabyle’s customs regarding chefaa, guardianship of minors and the status of women. A final chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the postcolonial heritage of the French colonial legislation in the Algerian legal system during the years 1962-1975, as well as in the current French overseas law in Mayotte and in New Caledonia
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Yeo, Heejung. "Organization and effectiveness of boards of directors : role and independence of directors in French large firms." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10062.
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La thèse se consacre aux analyses théoriques et empiriques d'organisation et efficacité de conseil d'administration, et le rôle et indépendance des administrateurs dans les grandes entreprises françaises. Tout d'abord, elle examine comment les grands actionnaires influent sur la composiition des administrateurs externes dans le conseil d'administration des firmes cotées. Nous trouvons que le 2ème grand actionnaire est négativement lié à la présence des administrateurs indépendants, et positivement lié à la présence des administrateurs affiliés. Ensuite, les échanges réciproques des directeurs généraux (CEOs) dans les 245 grandes entreprises ont été analysés. Finalement, le chapitre 4 tente de proposer une organisation efficiente à l'intérieur du conseil d'administration, notamment la création des comités de surveillanceThe dissertation is devoted to theoretical and empirical analyses of organization and effectiveness of boards of directors, and role and independance of directors in French large corporations. Literature review of corporate governance is provided in chapter 1. The second chapter examines how large shareholders affect the composition of outside directors on boards of directors in French listed firms. We find that the second large shareholders tends to be related to a lower presence of independent directors, and a higher presence of affiliated directors on the board. The third chapter addresses the reciprocal interlocks between the CEOs in 245 French large corporations. The fourth chapter analyzes the effects of board composition and ownership structure on the formation of monitoring committees in French large corporations, considered as a good indicator of board effectiveness
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Dramé, Alioune. "La Francophonie au Sénégal, de la colonisation à la mondialisation : un enjeu identitaire." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30042.
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Le Sénégal est un carrefour humain et géographique où cohabitent et interfèrent trois grandes civilisations : une négro-africaine, une arabo-musulmane et une occidentale. La part francophone de son identité est née de l’héritage culturel laissé par sa rencontre avec la France. Si cette affinité culturelle explique en partie la présence du pays dans la communauté francophone, son attachement à la Francophonie est lié aussi à la figure emblématique de Léopold Sédar Senghor et à sa représentativité diplomatique et symbolique au sein des institutions francophones. Paradoxalement, la francophonie ne suscite pas l’enthousiasme au sein de la jeunesse sénégalaise, perçue souvent comme assez ringarde ou peu utile dans la mondialisation actuelle. Le pourcentage de Sénégalais parlant français peine à dépasser les 20%. Sans perdre son importance, la francophonie semble y perdre son ampleur, confrontée à la wolofisation et à l’arabisation progressive de la société. Mais, ce sont effectivement les défis de la mondialisation qui continuent à donner toute sa place à la francophonie au Sénégal. Organisée comme union géoculturelle, la Francophonie actuelle, avec ses valeurs de diversité, de dialogue, de solidarité, constitue un pôle dans la mondialisation. Le pays en a besoin pour préserver son identité dans la mondialisation libérale qui a tendance à tout uniformiser et dans une Afrique où les géants sont anglophones et où les États francophones sont affaiblis par les conflits et la mal gouvernance. Il faudra donc beaucoup de volontarisme de la part de l’État sénégalais pour la promouvoir et de la part de l’OIF, qui pourrait se servir du Sénégal comme tête de pont de la Francophonie en Afrique, ce continent qui en est le cœur vivantSenegal is a human and geographic crossroads where coexist and interfere three major civilizations: an African, an Arab-Muslim and Western. The francophone part of his identity is born of the cultural heritage left by the encounter between France and Senegal. If this cultural affinity partly explains the country's presence in the Francophone community, his commitment to the Francophonie is also linked to the emblematic figure of Leopold Sedar Senghor and his diplomatic and symbolic representation within Francophone institutions. Paradoxically, the Francophonie does not arouse enthusiasm in the Senegalese youth, often seen as rather old-fashioned or very useful in today's globalization. The percentage of french-speaking Senegalese hardly exceeds 20%. Without losing its importance, the Francophonie seems to lose its size, faces the progressive wolofisation and arabization of the society. The challenges of globalization continue to give its full place to the Francophonie in Senegal. Organized as a geocultural union, today's Francophonie, with its values of diversity, dialogue, solidarity, is a center into globalization. The country needs to preserve its identity in liberal globalization that tends to unify everything and in an Africa where the giants are Anglophone and where Francophone states are weakened by conflict and poor governance. This will require a lot of voluntarism on the part of the Senegalese government to promote it and on behalf of OIF which could be use Senegal as a bridgehead of the Francophonie in Africa, a continent that is the living heart of the francophone community
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Leney, Katya. "The politics of higher education in the Gold Coast and French West Africa from 1945 to independence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624741.
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Potts, Shona. "Between the flag and the mask : the demystification of political independence in the African novel in French, 1960-1990." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU099272.
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In the first three decades since the granting of political independence to France's former African colonies, the novel form has been appropriated by postcolonial authors and articulates the possibility of a new relationship between the centre and the former margins. Fictional narrative has become central to the (re-) negotiation of power, authority, class and gender in a postcolonial African society. This thesis is a socio-historical study of selected texts which examines the re-writing of the African past and the appropriate of narrative voice by the inhabitants of marginal sites. Close readings of two earlier novels by Ousmane Sembene trace the development from the optimism of the pro-independence movement to the growing divisions within African society as an African elite replaces the former colonial population. While Sembene's novels reflect a belief in the certainties of the French language as a means of expression, Ahmadou Kourouma challenges its hegemony, introducing African grammatical structures and vocabulary into his texts. The shifting narrative voices and fragmented chronologies of Kourouma's texts expose the partial nature of historical writing and its relationship with fictional narrative. A close reading of texts by women authors examines the portrayal of female subjectivity and the ways in which these characters transcend the previously limiting stereotypes. Urban African society is explored from both a class and a gender perspective and in particular the way in which the post-colonial topology is disrupted by the marginalised. Finally, I chart the rise of neo-colonialism and the conditions which led to the rise of dictatorial regimes, revealing the centrality of language and iconography to the maintenance of governmental authority. I investigate the way in which satire and the presence of alternative, opposition discourses in the novels of Henri Lopes and Sony Labou Tansi calls into question the monolithic authority of the nation state.
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Wathle, Camille. "Les juristes internationalistes français face à la colonisation entre 1880 et 1914." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1066.
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A l’aube du XXe siècle, les juristes internationalistes français, promoteurs d’une discipline tendant à s’affirmer dans le paysage doctrinal national et international, entendent systématiser le fait colonial. Phénomène emblématique, la colonisation monopolise les relations interétatiques de l’époque et offre autant d’avantages économiques, politiques et humanitaires aux peuples civilisés et colonisés, qu’elle accroît les risques de conflits entre ces derniers. Saisissant l’opportunité de défendre les valeurs et actions de la France sur la scène internationale tout en confortant leur rôle de maîtres à penser de la colonisation, les membres de la jeune École française de droit international public théorisent alors un projet entremêlant intimement les concepts de « droit international », « colonisation » et « civilisation » : la colonisation a vocation à étendre la civilisation sur l’ensemble des territoires garantissant alors le développement du droit international dont la mission est de préserver le bien-être de l’humanitéAt the dawn of the XXth century, the French Internationalist jurists, promoters of a discipline aiming at establishing itself in the international and national doctrinal landscape, intend to systematize the colonial phenomenon. Colonization is a symbolic phenomenon which monopolizes interstate relationships of the era. It offers as many economic, politic and humanitarian advantages to civilized and colonized peoples, as it increases the risks of conflicts between them. The members of the new French school of public international law have seized the opportunity to defend the values and actions of France on the international scene while reinforcing their roles of intellectual leaders of colonization. They then have set out a project which deeply mingles “international laws”, “colonization” and “civilization” concepts : colonization has authority to extend civilization on all the territories that guarantee the development of international law, whose mission is to preserve mankind well-being
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Mudd, Nathanael L. "Independence and Obedience: The First Five Years of the Fathers of Mercy in the United States of America." Athenaeum of Ohio / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=athe1630316420111196.
Full textBooks on the topic "French colonisation and independence"
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Abénon, Lucien-René. Les Français en Amérique: Histoire d'une colonisation. Lyon: Presses universitaires de Lyon, 1993.
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Mufwene, Salikoko S. Colonisation, globalisation et vitalité du français. Paris: Odile Jacob, 2014.
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Martineau, Marcel. Projet de colonisation: Appel aux patriotes. Montréal: Bureaux du Messager Canadien, 1995.
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Caron, Ivanhoë. L' Abitibi, un nouveau centre de colonisation. Québec: Ministère de la colonisation, des mines et des pêcheries, 1997.
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1977-, Chalak Rama, and Katan Jacques-Robert, eds. Le Maghreb: De l'empire ottoman à la fin de la colonisation française. Paris: Belin, 2007.
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Noguez, Dominique. La colonisation douce: Feu la langue française? : carnets 1978-1990. Monaco: Editions du Rocher, 1991.
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La colonisation douce: Feu la langue française? : carnets 1968-1998. Paris: Arléa, 1998.
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La colonisation française de l'Algérie: Inventaire de cendres et de braises. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2013.
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Niederehe, Hans-Josef. La situation linguistique de la France à l'aube de la colonisation du Canada. Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "French colonisation and independence"
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Joly, Danièle. "Algeria Under French Colonisation." In The French Communist Party and the Algerian War, 1–19. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21287-3_1.
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Heuser, Beatrice. "French Strategy: Independence." In NATO, Britain, France and the FRG, 93–123. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377622_4.
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Howorth, Jolyon. "Foreign and Defence Policy: From Independence to Interdependence." In Developments in French Politics, 201–17. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08873-7_12.
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Howorth, Jolyon. "Foreign and Defence Policy: From Independence to Interdependence." In Developments in French Politics, 201–17. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20959-0_12.
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Ballarini, Loïc, Emmanuel Marty, and Nikos Smyrnaios. "French Media: Can Crowdfunding Serve Pluralism?" In The Independence of the News Media, 19–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34054-4_3.
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Hargreaves, John. "Decolonisation: French and British Styles." In State and Society in Francophone Africa since Independence, 3–15. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23826-2_1.
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Norindr, Panivong. "The Popular Front’s Colonial Policies in Indochina: Reassessing the Popular Front’s ‘Colonisation Altruiste’." In French Colonial Empire and the Popular Front, 230–48. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-50882-8_13.
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Buijtenhuijs, Robert. "French Military Interventions: The Case of Chad." In State and Society in Francophone Africa since Independence, 213–27. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23826-2_14.
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Mouralis, Bernard. "Literature and Philosophy in French-Speaking Africa." In State and Society in Francophone Africa since Independence, 259–68. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23826-2_17.
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Thomas, Martin. "Towards Independence for Morocco and Tunisia: British and American Concerns, 1950–56." In The French North African Crisis, 38–69. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230287426_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "French colonisation and independence"
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Gore, Bi dzhei benveniu. "Development of the economy of the Republic of ivory coast in the post-colonial period." In All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation, chair Dmitrij Nikolaevich Ermakov. Publishing house Sreda, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-97245.
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The article comprehensively analyzes the macro-and micro-economic aspects of the development of the Republic of ivory coast, which gained independence from the French Republic on August 07, 1960. The author pays great attention to the processes of ensuring the economic stability of the country's economic system in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Jedani, Tony. "Case Study on the Role of Socio-Technical Influences on the Implementation and Success of Nuclear Power in France." In 12th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone12-49016.
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To fully understand a technological development one must appreciate social, political and economic factors in addition to the technological components (Hughes, 1991). The systems perspective, asserted by Hughes, implies that technologies cannot be understood in isolation, but only in their contexts, especially in their systemic contexts. This theory is illustrated through an examination of France’s implementation of its nuclear power program in the early 1970’s. Nuclear power provided France with the opportunity to achieve energy independence and, as a result, political control over its energy supply. The scope of this case study is limited to consideration of the socio-technical influences on the rise of nuclear power in France and includes an examination of the technical aspects of the innovation. In considering the socio-technical system encompassing France’s adoption of nuclear power, this case study will contemplate: how France was able to persuade its people to accept nuclear power; what it is about French culture and politics that allowed them to succeed where most other countries have failed; the break throughs that led to the broad commercialisation of nuclear power in France in the 1970’s; and how France achieved its status as one of the world’s top producers of nuclear energy. The time period during which this study is based is limited to the early 1970’s, when France was reliant upon external energy supplies, up until the present day, where nuclear power has become France’s main source of energy, thus contributing to France’s autonomy in terms of its energy supply. This study will not address the issue of nuclear waste or the nuclear power safety debate which is also beyond the scope of this study.
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McCarthy, Steven J., and Ian Scott. "Integration of the WR-21 Intercooled Recuperated Gas Turbine Into the Royal Navy Type 45 Destroyer." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0531.
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The WR-21 gas turbine engine will be employed by the Royal Navy and potentially by the United States and French Navies in their future Integrated Full Electric Powered Surface Combatants. The WR-21 is an advanced cycle gas turbine that will not only meet the high power generator prime mover requirements of these ships but also offer an efficient cruise generator engine in one power dense package. The engine gives ship designers the freedom to procure, install and maintain one engine to power the vessel over its entire operating profile in place of the traditional two engine ‘cruise’ and ‘boost’ fit. Warship operators will also have a new freedom to configure the warship propulsion plant to return unprecedented Platform Life Cycle Cost reductions in peacetime while retaining operational capability in time of conflict. The Royal Navy is the first user of the WR-21 Intercooled and Recuperated (ICR) gas turbine engine in its Type 45 Area Defense destroyer. The vessel is a 6000 tonne monohull, fitted with an integrated electric propulsion plant comprising two WR-21 Gas Turbine Alternators (GTAs), the prime mover side of which are capable of delivering 25 MW (ISO) and the Alternator side of which is rated at 21.6 MWe (0.9 pf lagging), 4.16KVA. These GTAs in combination with a pair of diesel generators rated at around 2 MWe (0.9 pf lagging) will provide electrical power to two 20 MWe (0.9 pf lagging) 4.16 KVA electric propulsion motors and to the ship’s non propulsion consumer electrical distribution system. Any combination of generator set can provide any consumer with electrical power. This flexibility of propulsion plant configuration will demand a step change in operating culture if its ultimate benefits are to be truly harnessed. Every part of warship propulsion and gas turbine engine operating philosophy must be examined to check its relevance in the modern machinery outfit. The engines themselves must be scrutinized to ensure that they can fulfill the requirements of true ship generation machinery and are not regarded as ‘propulsion generators’. In a Warship that has only four sources of electrical power the principles of survivability and prime mover independence are fundamental.
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Ancius, Darius, Rimantas Krenevicius, Saulius Kutas, and Michel Chouha. "Progress in Decommissioning of Ignalina NPP Unit 1." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22057.
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The aim of the paper is to present the Lithuanian legal framework regarding the nuclear safety in Decommissioning and Waste Management, and the progress in the Decommissioning Programme of the unit 1 of Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP). INPP is the only nuclear plant in Lithuania. It comprises two RBMK-1500 reactors. After Lithuania has restored its independence, responsibility for Ignalina NPP was transferred to the Republic of Lithuania. To ensure the control of the Nuclear Safety in Lithuania, The State Nuclear Power Safety Inspectorate (VATESI) was created on 18 October 1991, by a resolution of the Lithuanian Government. Significant work has been performed over the last decade, aiming at upgrading the safety level of the Ignalina NPP with reference to the International standards. On 5 October 1999 the Seimas (Parliament) adopted the National Energy Strategy: • It has been decided that unit 1 of Ignalina NPP will be closed down before 2005, • The conditions and precise final date of the decommissioning of Unit 2 will be stated in the updated National Energy strategy in 2004. On 20–21 June 2000, the International Donors’ Conference for the Decommissioning of Ignalina NPP took place in Vilnius. More than 200 Millions Euro were pledged of which 165 M€ funded directly from the European Union’s budget, as financial support to the Decommissioning projects. The Decommissioning Program encompasses legal, organizational, financial and technical means including the social and economical impacts in the region of Ignalina. The Program is financed from International Support Fund, State budget, National Decommissioning Fund of Ignalina NPP and other funds. Decommissioning of Ignalina NPP is subject to VATESI license according to the Law on Nuclear Energy. The Government established the licensing procedure in the so-called “Procedure for licensing of Nuclear Activities”; and the document “General Requirements for Decommissioning of the Ignalina NPP” has been issued by VATESI. A very important issue is the technical support to VATESI and the Lithuanian TSO’s (Technical Support Organisations) in their activities within the licensing process related to the Decommissioning of INPP. This includes regulatory assistance in the preparation of decommissioning and radioactive waste management regulatory documents, and technical assistance in the review of the safety case presented by the operator. The Institute for Radioprotection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN, France) and the French Nuclear Safety Authority (DSIN) as well as Swedish International Project (SIP) are providing their support to VATESI in these areas.
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McCarthy, Steven J., and Ian Scott. "The WR-21 Intercooled Recuperated Gas Turbine Engine: Operation and Integration Into the Royal Navy Type 45 Destroyer Power System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30266.
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The WR-21 gas turbine engine will be employed by the Royal Navy and potentially by the United States and French Navies in their future Integrated Full Electric Powered Surface Combatants. The Intercooled Recuperated (ICR) advanced cycle means that in a Warship power system a single WR-21 engine sits on the throne of the realm that traditionally would have been occupied by two gas turbine engines, one for ‘cruise’ and one for ‘boost’; not forgetting that it is also doing the job of at least two diesel generators in our traditional example. This performance will provide Warship operators with an unprecedented opportunity to configure the Warship propulsion plant to return exceptional Platform Life Cycle Cost reductions in peacetime while retaining warfighting operational capability in time of conflict. The Royal Navy is the first user of the WR-21 ICR gas turbine engine in its Type 45 Air Defense destroyer, an artists impression of which is shown in Figure 1. The vessel is a 7500 tonne monohull, fitted with an integrated electric propulsion plant comprising two WR-21 Gas Turbine Alternators (GTAs), the prime mover side of which is capable of delivering 25 MW (ISO) and the Alternator side of which is rated at 21.6 MWe (0.9 pf lagging), 4.16KV. These GTAs in combination with a pair of diesel generators rated at around 2 MWe (0.9 pf lagging) will provide electrical power to two 20 MWe (0.9 pf lagging) 4.16 KV electric propulsion motors and to the ship’s non propulsion consumer electrical distribution system. Any combination of generator set can provide any consumer with electrical power. In their crudest form any generator set that forms part of the Type 45 power system may be simply regarded as Mega Watts towards the installed power total. The division of priority and delivery of power to meet the Command’s requirements will require skilful and subtle engineering of the control systems that will be used to operate the power system and precise definition of the operating philosophy and principles for the platform. In a Warship that has only four sources of electrical power the principles of survivability and prime mover independence are fundamental. The limitations of operating electrical generation machinery are established. This paper examines how the WR-21 will be capable of providing power to the Command of the Type 45 as an integral part of the Warship power system in all states of operational readiness for war.