Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'French colonisation and independence'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'French colonisation and independence.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
El, kallab Tania. "Three essays on French colonial trade." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0835/document.
Full textThis thesis consists of three empirical papers on French colonial trade patterns: Chapter 1 undertakes a comparative study between Franco-colonial trade and French trade with other groups of countries in order to analyse the nature and dynamic of French sectoral trade for the period starting 1880 until the eve of the WWI. Initially it presents a complete description of the construction and restructure of the various primary historical. Results highlight a common trend regarding Franco-colonial trade. In particular, French trade with its colonies was mainly based on imports of primary products and exports of manufactured goods meaning that the Empire was used as the main dispenser of French exports and their main provider of natural resources. Statistics also emphasize that the event of colonization was followed by an increase in trade between France and its colonies, while colonization from Britain and other metropolis did not impact trade between France and British/ other colonies. This chapter finally reveals that trade with French colonies was unbalanced with no advantage in favor of those colonies. Chapter 2 investigates how the colonial strategy through the settlement decision affected French trade patterns. Using a gravity model, results show that French colonies with more European settlements traded more with France, whereas the opposite is true for other colonies. The chapter further investigates two channels through which European settlements might have affected the French trade pattern with colonies: institutions and networking. Results show that better institutions brought by European settlements had a negative impact on trade with French colonies, while it promoted trade with British colonies. These results are consistent with the extractive nature of French trade relations with its colonies. As for networking, it increases overall French trade within French colonies but reduces it in other colonies. Finally in the last chapter we investigate the relation between the type of goods colonies exported to France and those economies' later development. A common explanation for the export-growth nexus is the quality of institutions established in those colonies during the colonial period. In order to investigate the impact of colonial trade on current growth through the mediation of institutions, we apply the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. With this method we are able to simultaneously derive the relative importance of trade and of institutions on growth, while taking into account multicollinearity between the variables, their measurements errors and small sample size issues. The results suggest an important joint role for both trade and institutions in determining economic development in the long run. In particular French colonies who exported raw material developed extractive institutions, which negatively affected development today, while those who exported manufactured goods experience better economic performance today. Among British and other colonies, however, higher exports of both raw materials and of manufactured goods to France are associated with better institutions, which lead to better economic performance in the long-run
Bahij, Aicha A. "The socio-economic legacy of French colonialism in Morocco: The lasting impact of the French protectorate on Morrocan trade, agriculture and education." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5772.
Full textBahij, Aicha Alexandra. "The socio-economic legacy of French colonialism in Morocco : the lasting impact of the French protectorate on Morrocan trade, agriculture and education." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5772.
Full textLaidani, Amar. "Le droit coutumier kabyle pendant la colonisation française." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTD035.
Full textThe main topic of our dissertation is the analysis of the phenomena of the codification and the reform of the Kabyle customary law which took place during the French colonial era.The codification and the reform are two keywords of the colonial law history of the french Second Colonial Empire. Kabyle’s customary law (droit coutumier) was the result of the codification of Kabyle’s customs that was made by a soldier, Adolphe Hanoteau and a judge, Aristide Letourneux. The result of this codification was a treatise of three volumes entitled La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles. This customary law was officially recognized by the french colonial legislation by means of Article 2 od the Decree of August 29, 1874. This official recognition of Kabyle customs creates a special legal status, the Muslim indigenous ruled by Kabyle’s customary law. The Kabyle’s customs codified by the military were subsequently reformed by the civil regime. The first customs that have been reformed was the chefaa, followed by the guardianship of the Kabyle minors through the decree of the 01 June 1902 and the Kabyle’s customs in matters of divorce and inheritance rights of Kabyle women though the decrees of May 2nd and 19th, 1931.Our thesis is divided into two parts. In the first part, we have described the reason of the codification of Kabyle’s customs. We focused on the policy of the Arab Bureaux in Kabylia and the way in which the kabyle customs were written in the work of Hanoteau an Letourneux, entitled La Kabylie et les coutumes kabyles.In the second part of the thesis, we focused on the period of the civil regime (1871-1931) and the case law as well as the legislation that reformed the Kabyle’s customs regarding chefaa, guardianship of minors and the status of women. A final chapter is dedicated to the analysis of the postcolonial heritage of the French colonial legislation in the Algerian legal system during the years 1962-1975, as well as in the current French overseas law in Mayotte and in New Caledonia
Yeo, Heejung. "Organization and effectiveness of boards of directors : role and independence of directors in French large firms." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10062.
Full textThe dissertation is devoted to theoretical and empirical analyses of organization and effectiveness of boards of directors, and role and independance of directors in French large corporations. Literature review of corporate governance is provided in chapter 1. The second chapter examines how large shareholders affect the composition of outside directors on boards of directors in French listed firms. We find that the second large shareholders tends to be related to a lower presence of independent directors, and a higher presence of affiliated directors on the board. The third chapter addresses the reciprocal interlocks between the CEOs in 245 French large corporations. The fourth chapter analyzes the effects of board composition and ownership structure on the formation of monitoring committees in French large corporations, considered as a good indicator of board effectiveness
Dramé, Alioune. "La Francophonie au Sénégal, de la colonisation à la mondialisation : un enjeu identitaire." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30042.
Full textSenegal is a human and geographic crossroads where coexist and interfere three major civilizations: an African, an Arab-Muslim and Western. The francophone part of his identity is born of the cultural heritage left by the encounter between France and Senegal. If this cultural affinity partly explains the country's presence in the Francophone community, his commitment to the Francophonie is also linked to the emblematic figure of Leopold Sedar Senghor and his diplomatic and symbolic representation within Francophone institutions. Paradoxically, the Francophonie does not arouse enthusiasm in the Senegalese youth, often seen as rather old-fashioned or very useful in today's globalization. The percentage of french-speaking Senegalese hardly exceeds 20%. Without losing its importance, the Francophonie seems to lose its size, faces the progressive wolofisation and arabization of the society. The challenges of globalization continue to give its full place to the Francophonie in Senegal. Organized as a geocultural union, today's Francophonie, with its values of diversity, dialogue, solidarity, is a center into globalization. The country needs to preserve its identity in liberal globalization that tends to unify everything and in an Africa where the giants are Anglophone and where Francophone states are weakened by conflict and poor governance. This will require a lot of voluntarism on the part of the Senegalese government to promote it and on behalf of OIF which could be use Senegal as a bridgehead of the Francophonie in Africa, a continent that is the living heart of the francophone community
Leney, Katya. "The politics of higher education in the Gold Coast and French West Africa from 1945 to independence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.624741.
Full textPotts, Shona. "Between the flag and the mask : the demystification of political independence in the African novel in French, 1960-1990." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU099272.
Full textWathle, Camille. "Les juristes internationalistes français face à la colonisation entre 1880 et 1914." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1066.
Full textAt the dawn of the XXth century, the French Internationalist jurists, promoters of a discipline aiming at establishing itself in the international and national doctrinal landscape, intend to systematize the colonial phenomenon. Colonization is a symbolic phenomenon which monopolizes interstate relationships of the era. It offers as many economic, politic and humanitarian advantages to civilized and colonized peoples, as it increases the risks of conflicts between them. The members of the new French school of public international law have seized the opportunity to defend the values and actions of France on the international scene while reinforcing their roles of intellectual leaders of colonization. They then have set out a project which deeply mingles “international laws”, “colonization” and “civilization” concepts : colonization has authority to extend civilization on all the territories that guarantee the development of international law, whose mission is to preserve mankind well-being
Mudd, Nathanael L. "Independence and Obedience: The First Five Years of the Fathers of Mercy in the United States of America." Athenaeum of Ohio / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=athe1630316420111196.
Full textSantos, Steven Castela dos. "Corporate governance and performance measures : the French case." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8961.
Full textO objetivo deste estudo é analisar algumas medidas de governo de sociedades, em especial variáveis de composição do conselho de administração, e a sua relação com a performance da empresa. Através de uma amostra de empresas francesas do Índice bolsista SBF120 pertencente à NYSE Euronext, foi possível construir uma base de dados de painel, desde 2005 a 2012, com 71 empresas e 10 variáveis. Os três indicadores usados para avaliar a performance das empresas, ROE, ROA e Tobin´s Q apresentaram resultados significativos em relação à existência de uma associação negativa entre a independência dos membros do conselho de administração e a performance da empresa o que corrobora a hipótese em estudo. Em relação à presença de mulheres no conselho de administração os resultados são contrários à hipótese formulada, constatando uma associação negativa com o ROE e o Tobin´s Q. A hipótese que relaciona negativamente o tamanho do conselho de administração com a performance da empresa apresentou resultados divergentes, o que não permite apresentar conclusões sustentadas.
The aim of this study is to analyze some measures of corporate governance, especially board composition variables, and their relation with firm performance. Given a sample of French companies of the SBF120 Index belonging to NYSE Euronext, it was possible to build a panel database, from 2005-2012, with 71 companies, and 10 variables. The three proxies used for firm performance, ROE, ROA and Tobin´s Q presented significant results regarding the existence of a negative association between board independence and firm performance and the hypothesis in study was corroborated. Regarding the presence of female board members the results went against the formulated hypothesis, finding a negative association with ROE and Tobin´s Q. The hypothesis that relates the board size with firm performance has presented mixed findings, so a conclusion is not consistent.
Nguyen, Thi duong. "Les médecines traditionnelles au Viêtnam à l'époque de la colonisation française (1862-1945)." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7069.
Full textIn the 19th and 20th centuries, the Western expansion in some of East Asia countries and in the world provoked deep changes in the Vietnamese society. In the period of 1862-1945, Vietnam was under the regime of the French colonization. In the field of public health and medicine, Western medicine was used officially in spite of the existence of Vietnamese medicines. How did the Vietnamese, in particular the actors who were traditionally involved in the medical assistance of the people, react to protect and develop their traditional medicines while the French colonial medical policy was established officially? What were their attitudes toward Western medicine? And do the texts produced by these Vietnamese medical practitioners bear a trace of this encounter? This dissertation, entitled “The traditional medicines in Vietnam during the French colonization (1862-1945)”, studies specifically the modalities of the encounter between Vietnamese medicines and Western medicine. To do so, this dissertation is based on a rich corpus of original sources written in French, Hán Nôm and Quốc ngữ : the French colonial archives, the imperial archives and the historical documents of Nguyen’s court, the contemporary medical literature and some specialized or general journals
Bousselham, Malika. "L'identité culturelle algérienne, de la colonisation à l'indépendance. Entre réalités historiques et exigences politiques." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30072.
Full text“We don’t know if we are Arabs, Berbers or French” announced Abdelaziz Bouteflika president of Algerian republic.This study will be devoted to resolve some points about Algerian cultural identity. It is not in order to recall the history of Algerian but it is in order to demonstrate that Algeria has a very rich history; varied and prestigious. Certainly, Arabic and Islam are part of Algerian cultural identity; given that other elements unknown: The country has its own cultural and history dating back thousands of years before Islam. Many civilizations literally centuries are borne in Algeria and developed in such a way that it is very Important to know and to study.This responsibility must also be seen as an opportunity to contribute and belong to a larger community sharing overarching identity with a variety to meal components
Vermeren, Hugo. "Les Italiens à Bône : migrations méditerranéennes et colonisation de peuplement en Algérie (1865-1940)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100052.
Full textAt the cross-road of the colonial history and immigration history in France, this PHD thesis proposes to address under a new angle the role of the Italians in the colonisation and settlement of the cities of Algerian western coastline, through the case of Annaba. It is based on a corpus of sources gathered in France (Paris, Aix-en-Provence, Toulon, Marseille), Italy (Rome, Puglia, Sardinia) and Algeria (Annaba, Constantine). A first axis is dedicated to the study of migration policies adopted in both sides of the Mediterranean Sea during the 19th century, which aimed at regulating and controlling the growing circulation between Italy and Algeria. The second axis deals with the modalities of settlement of Italians in Annaba. Through a socio-quantitative study, the specificities of the settlement and integration of foreigners are studied from an urban and colonial perspective. The third axis addresses the status of the Italians in the Algerian colonial society of the inter-war period. It enables to place back Algeria in the African policy of the liberal and fascist Italy, and furthermore in the relationships between Italy and France in Maghreb
Champagne, Juliette Marthe. ""Isidore Cassemottes" de Saint-Vincent, Alexandre Mahé, 1880-1968, et la survivance canadienne-française en Alberta." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ57928.pdf.
Full textLechat, Mareva Ida Jacqueline Azélie. "Jeux politiques et processus d'autonomisation en Polynésie française : (1957-2011)." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40062.
Full textThe first Polynesian explorers discover Tahiti and her "light islands", the heavenly lands closer to the place where the creative light of the original Polynesian cosmogony arises, through control of the stars, winds and sea currents ouvran the way for their majestic double canoes 150 years before Jesus Christ. The Polynesian Triangle, where they stand in the center, means a common cultural and linguistic area. The "Poly-nesia" means "many islands" and differs from the "Melanesia to the west, designating the" black islands "and" Micronesia "and" small islands ".It is primarily through its particular history we must understand what this entity became French Polynesia, before wondering about the meaning of the concept of empowerment, and set in outline the framework within which take place in the political games that condition the implementation
Mathé, Jean-Gérard. "L'imaginaire français dans la littérature coloniale de la Tunisie (1881-1956)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30030.
Full textThe imaginary of the French people who emigrated in Tunisia during the colonial period called the French protectorate was particularly rich as indicated by the myriad of testimonies from many authors who dabbled in writing it down on paper. This thesis seeks to study the Tunisian colonial era from a literary perspective through a systematic approach of the texts and the vision of the authors on the assented exile of French Tunisia. An exile, but also a return to the main land. For many of them who lived the end of the French protectorate, the difficulty was to move to a country which was their own, but not entirely. The choice of the analytical method relies on an imagology study of this matter which will assess the complex notion of imaginary from the myth-analysis point of view. Then the different components will be verified and applied to the context of colonial Tunisia. Regarding the latter topic, literature seems to be the ideal approach to study and highlight the richness of the imaginary of the French Tunisians through the great diversity of texts available : memoirs, testimonies, novels, personal documents, photographes, etc. Finally, the personal experience of the author in the context of the French protectorate in Tunisia will allow to consider the topic via analytical objectivity and a subjective analysis
Krebs, Daniel. ""War in an Age of Revolution: The Wars of American Independence and the French Revolution, 1775-1815" (10. bis 12. März 2005 am Deutschen Historischen Institut, Washington D.C.)." Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2079/.
Full textSoukni, Leïla Inès. "Hegemonic power from colonisation to colonial liberation : A historical-analytical narrative of French colonial dominance over Tunisia from 1881-1956 and how it resulted in the Bizerte crisis of 1961." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för globala politiska studier (GPS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-18459.
Full textZnaien, Nessim Yoann Aly. "Les raisins de la domination : histoire sociale de l’alcool en Tunisie à l’époque du Protectorat (1881-1956)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H109.
Full textThis PHD deals with the influence of the French colonizers on food culture in Tunisia during the French Protectorate (1881-1956). I chose to focus on alcohol and to try to know if an improvement of alcohol consumption and of the public interest from the elites can be noted, for example for public drunkenness. For it, I use different archives from newspapers, novels, judicial, police and hospitals administrations and I read different letters exchanged by the high administration. Thanks to these documents, I try to define the implementation of a wine industry in Tunisia in the beginning of colonization. Secondly, I try to understand more the different alcohol trade networks and consumption habits at that time. For habits consumption I question the different cultural mixing, attempts to prohibit alcohol, acculturations and resistances. These different questions are some ways to look at social groups, from producers to alcohol consumers, and to examine social exchanged or dominances reports, not always linked with the phenomenon of colonization
Béringue, Yves. "La frontière entre Soudan français (Mali) et Guinée : d'une limite intra-impériale vers une frontière interétatique (1878-1956)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H006/document.
Full text"The two lungs of one and the same body" is a metaphor commonly used to refer to the states of Mali and Guinea, indicating the absurd and arbitrary nature of their separation. Their common border is a 858-kilometer long line, inherited from the administrative boundary between two colonies of French West Africa. Though never clearly demarcated nor actually materialized, it stems from the territorial division of French West Africa, the purpose of which was simply to create manageable geographical units, not future states. This thesis proposes to consider the border between Mali and Guinea (former French Sudan) in its entirety, from the territorial conquest initiated by the French in 1878, up to 1956 with the establishment of autonomous territories within the AOF (French West Africa). It proposes to write its history: its construction and then administration by the French but, above all, the story of its appropriation by the communities which live in the border territories. Analysing the populations' trans-territorial habits and the forms of exploitation of the imposed spatial framework enables us to grasp its historicity, to gradually erase the phantom nature of this line and imagine the processes of spatial appropriation from the bottom up and how this helped generate new identities and caused the border to take root on the eve of the upheavals of independence
Awitor, Etsè. "Dissonance, malaise et violence, post-indépendance dans la littérature africaine anglophone : du désenchantement à la déchéance ?" Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2005/document.
Full textThrough the analysis of the daily life of the protagonists, the socio-political, economic and cultural post-independence dissonance and malaise, this study spotlights the different forms of violence as portrayed in Ayi Kwei Armah’s The Beautyful Ones Are Not Yet Born, Fragments, Meja Mwangi’s Kill Me Quick, Going Down River Road, The Cockroach Dance, The Big Chiefs and Ben Okris’ Dangerous Love. The theme of post-independence disillusionment is pervasive in all these novels. The omnipresence of this disenchantment enables to point out the violence which is inherent in the loss of illusion. The dictatorial regimes which emerge in many African states, after independence, lead to a great and deep dissonance and unprecedented malaise: corruption, embezzlement and nepotism become the norms of ruling. If this violence finds its roots, on the one hand, in the violent socio-political, economic and cultural disorganisation of traditional African society by colonisation, it is also, on the other hand, due to post-independence disjuncture and bitterness. Tyranny of power, dissonance and violence have plunged an imaginary country, probably Rwanda , into an extreme violence where the cruelty of the massacres and the absurdity of Hutu Power's ideology exhorting Hutu people to exterminate the Tutsi are beyond all understanding
Reynold, de Sérésin Loïc. "L'Égypte remodelée par les Grecs : l'historiographie française et britannique sur l'Égypte lagide face aux paradigmes coloniaux." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU20013.
Full textThe period from the late nineteenth and early twentieth century is that of a territorial expansion of Europe in the world. This expansion has sought to legitimize itself through a speech that was meant humanistic: the white man, with his racial and cultural superiority, had to help other people reach an advanced stage of development. The French and British historians who have worked on Ptolemaic Egypt have also been affected by it. The Hellenists amalgamated Hellenism to contemporary European culture, making a model of Hellenistic Egypt. This left a legacy that only the European empires were able to collect. For their part, Egyptologists, sensitive to the canons of the New Kingdom, centered on Egyptian culture, while accepting the idea of civilizing colonialism barbarians, saw the Greek presence in Egypt as a foreign body destabilizing a society already in decline. This study aims to analyze the reception of Hellenistic Egypt in light of colonial paradigms, through the writings of six scientists: Pierre Jouguet (1869-1949), Auguste Bouché-Leclercq (1842-1923), Gaston Maspero (1846-1916), John Pentland Mahaffy (1839-1919), Harold Idris Bell (1879-1967) and Flinders Petrie (1853-1942)
Herbelin, Caroline. "Architecture et urbanisme en situation coloniale : le cas du Vietnam." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040182.
Full textThis dissertation aims to demonstrate how the history of architecture and town planning in Vietnam became enmeshed in the encounter of two cultures: that of the colonized and that of the colonizer. The goal is to first examine the diversity of cultural exchanges – both their manifestations and meanings – through the built environment, and then provide a critique of the idea equating architecture and colonial power. In order to consider the diversity and the complexity of the phenomenon at work, this dissertation identifies the conditions of production and use of the built environment. This study privileges three approaches. The first considers the actors and the circulation of knowledge so as to explore the construction and the reception of the different discourses and theories that enveloped hybrid architecture. The second approach takes into account the politics of administrating urban space by emphasizing the negotiations and the resistance to the colonial project of construction and enclosure. Finally the third part analyzes the articulations between social and technical issues, which reveal the mechanisms constitutive of this intercultural architecture
Metodjo, Mensan. "La construction du territoire et la délimitation des frontières du Dahomey (1851-1913)." Thesis, Lille 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL3H069.
Full textWhile French settlement in Dahomey was initially driven by more mercantile than political intentions, the birth of modern French imperialism, following the Franco-Prussian confrontation of 1870 and the post-Berlinese context of 1885, prompted the metropolitan authorities to give a different direction to the French presence in Africa. Resolutely imperialist, France has embarked on territorial conquests. The protectorate treaties concluded with the local rulers were the tool for their territorial expropriation. A colonial-style protectorate was imposed, characterized by the dismantling of local sovereignties. The local chiefs, who were refractory to the idea of putting themselves under the French protectorate, were, like Béhanzin, militarily submitted. The annexation of the kingdom of Abomey and the exile of its king by force finally offered the opportunity for the conquering France to explore the Dahomean hinterland, to negotiate new treaties that allowed it to take control of this region that it integrated into the lower and middle Dahomey. This thesis on the construction of the colonial territory of Dahomey finally addresses the horogenesis of the Dahomean borders and the issues related to colonial demarcations. A historical and comparative perspective with European and American borders makes it possible to answer the question of the artificiality of colonial borders, considered as "exogenous" and "arbitrary"
Colas, Christian. "Le Sumario das Armadas, chronique oubliée d'une conquête dans le Brésil du XVIème." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030066.
Full textBrazil begun to built itsel on the XVIth century subduing the native population, who often paid the high price of her life, and repelling the French men, merchants looking for the exotic products of the country or settelers wanting to found a colony with Villegaignon in Ganabara Bay. Portugal has not finished fighting against both, French and Indians, in the others parts of the country, when begun the Potiguar uprising in Paraiba Territory, in the North-East of Brazil. The Sumario das Armadas is a forgotten cronicle, but the only one such detailed existing in the whole country. It describes the conquest of the Potiguar territory in three campaigns by the Spanish and Portuguese columns against the Indians and Frenchs allied, and the extention of the king's power of Philippe II of Spain
Thabouillot, Gérard. "Un projet politique et administratif pour l’arrière-pays de la Guyane française : le territoire de l’Inini (1930-1969)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040105.
Full textIn 1930, France established the Autonomous Territory of Inini, an administrative division governing French Guiana's hinterland. Once Guiana had become an overseas department, the formula was renewed from 1951 in the shape of a district with special status, remaining so officially until 1961 and in effect until 1969. Discussing this politico-administrative system - largely based on what had been worked out for French colonies in Africa – gives a key to understanding the ultimate stage of the French state's expansion process in a social and cultural Amazonian context. That effort at social integration was the work of civil servants in the field who, from 1936 on, conducted a sustained policy of contact by establishing administrative posts in the interior of the territory and at its borders. These low-ranking colonial officers and gendarmes implemented an administrative approach to the handling of various communities – deportees from Southeast Asia held in special jails, border tribes or gold-diggers – across areas under the political influence of neighbouring states. The Inini file is an encouragement not to limit the history of French Guiana to that of an old colony turned into an overseas department (D.O.M.) in 1946. It makes it possible to go beyond analyses which are linked to assimilation policies. It also tends to moderate the anthropological view of an artificial and hasty integration of forest tribes. Lastly, it paves the way for a comparative analysis of Guyanese back countries
A França criou, em 1930, o Território autónomo do Inini, colónia de administração directa dahinterlândia da Guiana francesa. Após a départementalisação da Guiana, este dispositivocontinuou em 1951 sob a forma de distrito à estatuto específico (particular), juridicamente até1961 e de facto até 1969. A descrição deste sistema politicoadministrativo, fortementeinspirado de estas concebidas para as colónias da África, permite analisar a ultima etapa doprocesso de expansão do Estado francês num espaço social e cultural amazónico. Estaintegração foi a obra dos funcionários de terreno que levaram, a partir de 1936, uma políticacontínua de contato no âmbito de uma implantação dinâmica de postos administrativos emdireção do interior e das fronteiras. Este pessoal subalterno, funcionários coloniais egendarmes, implementou uma técnica administrativa de abordagem e gestão das populações -déportados indochineses dos Estabelecimentos Penitenciários Especiais, tribos de fronteira egarimpeiros - num espaço aberto às políticas dos Estados vizinhos. A história do Inini incita anão limitar a história da Guiana francesa à essa de uma velha colónia que tornou-se, em 1946,em Departamento de Ultramar (D.O.M.). Permite ultrapassar esta análise que diz respeito aodiscurso político assimilacionista. Ela nuança também a interpretação pela antropologia deuma integração de populações silvícolas artificialmente e apressadamente conduzida. Porúltimo, abre o caminho à uma análise comparativa do interior (da hinterlândia) das Guianes
In 1930 werd door Frankrijk het zelfstandige gebied Inini gecreëerd, het onder directkoloniaal bestuur vallende achterland van Frans Guyana. Nadat Guyana een overzeesdepartement was geworden, bleef deze bestuursvorm bestaan tot in 1951 in de vorm van eenarrondissement met speciaal statuut, in rechte tot 1961 et feitelijk tot 1969. De beschrijvingvan deze bestuursvorm die sterk werd beïnvloed door het voor de Afrikaanse koloniënontwikkelde systeem, maakt het mogelijk het laatste stadium van het expansieproces van deFranse overheid te analyseren in het sociale en culturele gebied van de Amazone. Deze socialeintegratie was het werk van ambtenaren die ter plaatse, vanaf 1936, een aanhoudend contactbeleid uitvoerden bij de oprichting van administratieve posten in het binnenland van hetgebied en aan de grenzen. Dit ondergeschikte personeel, ambtenaren en politie, voerden eenbestuursbeleid uit van benadering en behandeling van de bevolking - indo-chinesegedeporteerden bewaard in speciale strafkampen, aan de grenzen levende stammen engoudzoekers – in een gebied dat open stond voor politieke invloed van de buurtstaten. Degeschiedenis van het Inini gebied nodigt uit de geschiedenis van Frans Guyana niet tebeperken tot die van een oude kolonie die in 1946 een overzees gebiedsdeel (D.O.M.) isgeworden. Zij nuanceert tevens de antropologische interpretatie van een te kunstmatige en tesnel uitgevoerde integratie van de woudbevolking. En ten laatste opent zij de weg naar eenvergelijkende analyse van de achterlanden van Guyana
Okada, Tomokazu. "Hanoi et Haiphong au contact de la colonisation : structuration et restructuration de la société urbaine en Indochine française (1887-1945) : le cas de Hanoi et de Haiphong." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3020/document.
Full textThis Thesis examines the social structure of colonial cities in French Indochina, which means that it aimes to reveal link between the colonial system and the colonial society. But we're talking about a study of history of the influence of colonization on society and urban inhabitants in Vietnam. Therefor it will take the case of Hanoi and Haiphong during the first half of the twentieth century.After examining method, policy and organization of the Indochinese colonization, we ask some questions as follows : how Hanoi was built ; what problem this city was faced with in the process of its formation and development. This subject will be treated from a comparative perspective with one of the most principal city in Vietnam : Haiphong.Then, we are intersted in the inhabitants of colonial city Hanoi pointing out the geographic distribution of "professions et catégories socioprofessionnelles" (PCS : professions and social-occupational categories). The best part of this research is characterized by demography of new PCS, especially of small marchants and craftmen.From such approach, we extract some caracteristics of social structure and social stratification of colonial city Hanoi. In this connection, we analyze, moreover, social movement in the worldwide contexte of economic crisis after 1930 and application of labour law of Indochina in 1936, directing labour strike broke out at Hanoi in 1937, only which allowed exercise the social policy at the same level as metropolitain France. In conclusion, this "legal" strike had the effect of creating « a new indigenous social network » grouping management and workers into same professions in North-Vietnam
Banguiam, Kodjalbaye Olivier. "Les officiers français : constitution et devenir de leurs collections africaines issues de la conquête coloniale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100045/document.
Full textThis research concerns the French officers contribution during the colonization of Africa and the quality of the african objects that they collected. It aims to study the exploration and the conquest of Africa at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. During this period, European countries sent in the different parts of the continent many explorers to colonize the population. Those explorers had different social classes and jobs. Among them, there were, for example, religious persons, administrators and soldiers. It is the colonial action of the French officers in the different countries of Africa (Mali, Senegal, Congo, Chad, Central Africa Republic…) that is studing. During the exploration travel, the colonial officers discovered in those countries different kinds of objects. According of the instructions they received in France before their travel, they collected the local objects as the arms, the royal objects, the music objects, the cooking objects, the objects of the traditional ceremony. It’s interesting to study where the objects provided and the conditions of the collect. It’s a best way to know the particularities of the result of the officers discoveries. At the end of the journey in Africa, the officers brought to France the result of the collect and offered the objects to the French museums as the Musée de l’Homme, the Musée de l’Armée. Today, the Musée du Quai Branly is conserving the documents about the exploration travels of many officers (Archinard, Brazza, Marchand, Tilho, Lenfant…) and some of the objects they had collected for studying the customs of the African populations. We interroged about 1500 objects they had collected. The history of those objects is associated to the Africa colonization history. Nowadays, those objects constitute a colonial heritage and permit to analyze the European vision and the military perception about the African material culture and to know the degree of the civilization of the African populations who made and used those objects in Africa at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th
Peiretti, Delphine. "Corps noirs et médecins blancs : Entre race, sexe et genre : savoirs et représentations du corps des Africain(e)s dans les sciences médicales françaises (1780-1950)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3097.
Full textThis research focuses on the descriptions of African people's body according to French medical literature from the end of the 18th century to mid-20th century. Though the « black race » is seen as monolithic group in the medical writings at the beginning of the period, the african multiplicity slightly came up under the colonial doctors' pens, in the last third of the 19th century. Beyond the principal human races classification, the french doctors established a hierarchy between the black peoples of Sub-Saharan Africa, from The Cape of Good Hope to Senegambia. A sexual description of the peoples is added to raciological studies in order to clarify the racial classifications, ethnic hierarchies and to develop knowledge on African people. The african diversity is being highlighted all along the studied period, despite the permanency of numerous racial stereotypes as the hypersexuality of black people or the inversion of gender in Africa. Based on medical dictionaries, work about human races or even on colonial medecine work, our work displays, within the descriptions of the black bodies, the overlapping of the theories about race, gender and sex, and also explains the similarity of the rhetorical methods used to define and describe the Other, should they be female and/or black. Moreover, this research highlights how these representations were influenced by the scientific controversies and the political issues of the period, what they influenced in turn. Though the medical speeches stigmatize racial inferiority of the African people, this work also underlines the antithetical opinions and the conflicts between some doctors about these consensual patterns
Iken, Sofiane. "Le métissage dans la littérature en Algérie : itinéraire d’une notion." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0101.
Full textOur research is interested in cultural mix in French speaking literature of North Africa. It is a comparative study between literary works belonging to two different historical periods: Colonial period based on the works of Bertrand, les Algerianiste, Alger School and North African novelists of 1952 generation. And post-colonial through our analysis of novel ‘‘beur’. The objective of this research is to show how cultural mix becomes a source of literary inspiration. How a plural membership becomes a factor of literary creation? A culturally hybrid person bring together visions and values belonging to two worlds, and two different cultures mixed since childhood. The works of culturally hybrid writers reveal this mixture but, mainly, they show us how the culturally hybrid man manage to reconcile in him distinct values. This is what we call identity malaise. Indeed, this disturbing voice asks questions about the past and the future. Our objective, through this research works, is to look closely at the dialogue of cultures and civilizations, between East and West, between France and the Maghreb. Wish to revisit the Franco-algerian cultural heritage
Gregorio, Amélie. "L’«Arabe» dans le théâtre français, du début de la colonisation de l’Algérie aux grandes expositions coloniales (1830-1931) : de représentations en discours." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2105.
Full textSince 1830, drama has taken over the Algerian conquest theme then backed the colonial expansion in North Africa, two major events which marked French political life from the 19th century to the early 20th century. As a real social and cultural overall phenomenon, it has strongly contributed to impose the colonial spirit and the empire idea into people's minds. But to what extent exactly has it played a cultural role in this expansion and domination policy? At what frequency and with which inflexions? Which representations of the "Arab" has drama conveyed, and how has it transformed them into an ideological discourse, through a live performance received by a given audience? Has it also been a place of distancing, even contesting colonization? Otherness is put into words with drama, but it is also and mostly brought onto the scene through the body and the voice of the actor, almost always French and white. The other "native", the one who puts question, worries or fascinates, gains an enhanced visibility, for the time of the performance. Otherness is reduced to stereotypes by some authors while others call them into question. The image of the Arab – but also of the Kabylian, the Tuareg, and the mixed-race – has followed the ideological currents that have underlain the great steps of the colonial expansion, until the beginnings of the decolonization movement. On the aesthetic level, is the representation of the "Arab" the opportunity of a renewal in terms of performance, language, setting, and costumes? Does seeking "exoticism" in spectacular forms give sometimes way to concern about meeting and knowing, or acknowledging, the other? The literary, cultural, social and historical significance of the subject requires to mobilize and cross aesthetic, dramaturgic, sociocritical and post colonial approaches
Katzer, Valentin. ""L'Algérie, c'est la France" Quoi qu'il en coûte ? : die französische Nordafrikapolitik in der IV. Republik (1946-1958) zwischen Anspruch und Realität." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010593.
Full textThe present thesis examines the coherence of France’s North Africa policy during the Fourth Republic (1946-1958). The author focuses on the economic dimension of the so called “integration policy” in Algeria. Furthermore, its impacts on the French relations with Morocco and Tunisia as well as on the Suez Crisis in 1956 are being analyzed. On the one hand, the study compares France’s ambitious goals in the region with its actual political and economic commitment. On the other hand, it investigates the plausibility of these goals against the background of the local, national and international situation. The author verifies if politicians and citizens were willing to accept the multiple consequences of France’s political ambitions and if realistic alternatives were proposed in the discussion at that time. Moreover, the thesis offers an explanation why the presumed great determination of the Fourth Republic to keep French Algeria whatever the cost finally turned into a sober cost-benefit analysis in the Fifth Republic which led to Algerian independence in 1962
Die vorliegende Dissertation untersucht die Kohärenz der französischen Nordafrikapolitik in der IV. Republik (1946-1958). Der Fokus liegt auf der sogenannten Integrationspolitik in Algerien. Ferner werden deren Einflüsse auf die französischen Beziehungen mit Marokko und Tunesien und auf die Suezkrise 1956 analysiert. Dabei geht es zum einen darum, die weitreichenden Ansprüche Frankreichs in der Region dem tatsächlichen politischen und ökonomischen Engagement gegen- überzustellen. Zum anderen wird die Plausibilität der offiziellen Ambitionen vor dem Hintergrund der regionalen, nationalen und internationalen Rahmenbedingungen überprüft. Damit verbunden sind die Fragen nach der Bereitschaft in Politik und Gesellschaft, die vielfältigen Konsequenzen der Nordafrikapolitik zu tragen, und nach alternativen Handlungsoptionen zu den getroffenen Ent- scheidungen. Darüber hinaus erforscht die Studie, wie aus der von großer Entschlossenheit geprägten Maxime der IV. Republik, Französisch-Algerien um jeden Preis zu verteidigen, in der V. Republik eine dem Anschein nach nüchterne Abwägung von Kosten und Nutzen zugunsten der algerischen Unabhängigkeit im Jahr 1962 werden konnte
Razafindratsima, Fara Aina. "Entre droit français et coutumes malgaches : les magistrats de la Cour d'appel de Madagascar (1896-1960)." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10069.
Full textFrom 1896 to 1960, Madagascar remained under French domination, first as a colony, then as a territoire d'outre-mer, finally as a member of the Communauté française. One of the most important elements of the « mission » of the colonizer was to assure the administration of justice. French policy consisted in introducing into the judiciary organization French judges whose task it was to bring to the country Western values, thus playing an important role in colonial domination. They were obliged, however, at the same time, to respect certain traditional native institutions. Their decisions also concerned the recently settled European population of Madagascar, for whom French metropolitan law had to be specially adapted.There were therefore three tasks to be accomplished by the judges of the Court of Appeals of Madagascar : to implement a special law to the French population, to implement their customary laws to the indigenous population and implement the law of metropolitan France, « eminent symbol of French culture », to that indigenous population. In practice, despite the difficulties encountered and the limits imposed on them, the judges managed these delicate tasks rather well. In confidently granting themselves all the liberty necessary to their function, the judges managed to satisfy the various communities in Madagascar, while remaining faithful to colonial policy
Brunet-La, Ruche Bénédicte. ""Crime et châtiment aux colonies" : poursuivre, juger, sanctionner au Dahomey de 1894 à 1945." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979289.
Full textMauffret, Blodwenn. "Le carnaval de Cayenne. Esthétique et subversion. Histoire d'un phénomène festif issu du fait colonial." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030162.
Full textThis present work approaches the carnival of Cayenne as a festive phenomenon which has developed from the colonial fact. It examines the mechanisms of this adjustment by which slaves and "free people of color" have converted a religious feast reinforcing colonial order and slavery, and subverted it into a manifestation of pride in identity and expectation of a better future. As such this falls within the field of theatrical studies, i.e. evaluating the carnival as drama. The history of the carnival, from the colony's earliest days until the present, shows how new aesthetics have, year after year, changed its original role. The dramatic traditions of the carnival were strongly marked by the practice of "Détour", best defined as stressing the derisory character of the Creole being. European grotesque was mixed with Creole militant mockery, offering a theatrical inheritance expressing dignified rage, a lost humanity, a new utopia. The dance of balls, as popular as those of the black bourgeoisie, is an art of the flight, and summons creative marronnage by building a different space-time in which the being is reborn in a feeling of liberation and enthusiasm. This art of flight within the "vidé" occurs in an immense collective trance, where violence erupts, destabilizing an old order, encouraging a new. The contemporary carnival tries to solve the problems of history and becomes the opposite of the "Détour". The being comes out of darkness displaying its exhibition value, showing a general hedonism. Its theatricality is brilliant and manifests a hypervisibility. The true value of the Cayennais being is recognised
Rugy, Marie de. "Cartes et constructions de territoires impériaux dans le nord de la péninsule indochinoise, 1885-1914." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H048.
Full textMy dissertation offers a connected history of Northern lndochinese Peninsula during the early years of colonization (1885-1914). I discuss the link between cartography and the empire and question the construction of the imperial territories through maps. I see how the border areas that were disputed by the colonial and national States have been represented and constructed, between 1885 and 1914, by the different actors: British, French and Chinese empires, Siam realm, local peoples. I argue the central value of a spatially marginalized territory, for which Willem van Schendel has spoken of a "geography of ignorance". Mostly unknown from the Europeans, inhabited by ethnic minorities, it is actually a border space. Looking at the empires from their borders is a good way of studying the central imperial politics. Besides, cartography plays a role in the international relations in a context of high competition. Finally, there are links between the different cartographies at that lime, which show the rote of cartographic knowledge in the colonial encounter in Burma and in Vietnam as well
Leal, Saul Tourinho. "Direito à felicidade: história, teoria, positivação e jurisdição." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2013. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6202.
Full textThis thesis has the purpose to investigate whether there are connections between the contemporary constitutionalism and happiness. It addresses the Independence of the United States of America, the French Revolution and the independence of Brazil. After such historical perspective, it describes the utilitarian school, represented initially by Jeremy Bentham and, subsequently, by Stuart Mill. It asserts that utilitarianism, allied to the principle of human dignity, is the theoretical basis of the thesis that allows happiness to be a constitutionally protected right and, moreover, providing the basis for it to appear in legal reasoning developed by the judges as grounds for judicial decisions. Subsequently, this thesis examines a dogmatic part in which it attempts to identify the existence of a right to happiness within the wording of the Constitution of 1988. In this part, it describes a right to happiness dismembered into five biases: (i) broad right to happiness, (ii) the right to the pursuit of happiness, (iii) the right to be provided with happiness (iv) sealing the perverse pleasures, (v) happiness as telos. Addressing the constitutional jurisdiction, it examines the American and European-continental models then shows how the theory of happiness has been used in trials of major national issues in Brazil, like the same-sex unions, policy of quotas, the Marijuana March and crimes trifle. It also discusses the abuses committed by invoking the theory of happiness, illustrating with the example of the Kingdom of Bhutan. Finally, it presents the proposal of hedonic damages. The thesis concludes there is a legally guaranteed right to happiness , but alerts that the theory of happiness is not able to solve all the cases, indicating that, in situations in which there are informational deficits, it is recommended judicial restraint and deference to the Legislature
RESUMO: A tese apresenta a proposta de investigar se há conexões entre o constitucionalismo contemporâneo e a felicidade. Aborda a Independência dos Estados Unidos da América, a Revolução Francesa e a Independência do Brasil. Após essa perspectiva histórica, passa a apresentar a escola utilitarista, inicialmente representada por Jeremy Bentham e, na sequência, por Stuart Mill. Afirma que o utilitarismo, aliado ao princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, é a base teórica da tese, permitindo que a felicidade seja um bem protegido constitucionalmente e, além disso, propiciando que ela apareça nos raciocínios jurídicos desenvolvidos pelos julgadores como fundamento de decisões judiciais. O trabalho passa, então, a uma parte dogmática na qual tenta identificar a existência de um direito à felicidade por meio da leitura da Constituição Federal de 1988. Nessa parte, afirma haver um direito à felicidade desmembrado em cinco vieses: (i) direito amplo à felicidade; (ii) direito à busca da felicidade; (iii) direito prestacional à felicidade; (iv) vedação a prazeres perversos; (v) felicidade como telos da decisão judicial. Tratando da jurisdição constitucional, apresenta os modelos norteamericano e europeu-continental para, em seguida, mostrar como a teoria da felicidade tem sido utilizada nos julgamentos dos grandes temas nacionais no Brasil, a exemplo das uniões homoafetivas, das políticas das cotas, da Marcha da Maconha e dos crimes de bagatela. Trata ainda dos abusos cometidos por meio da invocação à teoria da felicidade, ilustrando com o exemplo do Reino do Butão. Por fim, apresenta a proposta dos danos hedônicos. A tese conclui haver um direito à felicidade a ser garantido judicialmente, mas adverte que a teoria da felicidade não é capaz de resolver todos os casos, indicando que, em hipóteses nas quais há déficts informacionais, é recomendado moderação judicial e deferência ao Poder Legislativo, por meio da utilização da técnica chamada apelo ao Legislador
Gendry, Thaïs. "Le droit de tuer, La peine de mort au service de l’ordre colonial en Afrique occidentale française, 1900-1950." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0059.
Full textThe justice handed out in the French colonies of West Africa is not a by-product of French metropolitan justice. Oblivious to the separation of power, while being authoritarian and racialized, it is a distinctive way of organizing the right to punish and the right to kill. The death penalty has a scarce historiography in the French empire. It is also marginal in studies pertaining to colonial tools of power, law and order. Yet, it is the culmination of a process central to the establishment and maintenance of colonial domination: the separation between a legitimate right to kill and other types of illegitimate lethal violence. This dissertation explores the role played by the death penalty in the context of French West Africa between 1900 and 1950.The death penalty is analysed as a space where the fundamentals of colonial policies are deployed. Condemnation and executions generate and circulate colonial discourses about African behaviour, giving rise to criminal and enemy figures that ought to be eliminated. The staging of legitimate violence, within courts and by firing squads, continuously re-enacts divisions of power, of status (citizen/subject), of race and culture—the very pillars of the colonial order
Anandanadaradja, Sangari. "Fenêtre sur la femme indienne au début de l'époque coloniale française d'après le journal d'Ananda Ranga Pillai (1736-1761)." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0041/document.
Full textThis thesis reviews the status of Indian women and the start of various changes under French rule in India, in light of the diary of Ananda Ranga Pillai, Dubâsh for the French East India Company, between 1736 and 1761. Through his daily chronicles in this decisive period of colonization, being both an observer and an actor, the diarist displays his constant concern for women, far from the romantic considerations. The study of the place and the role of the Indian women is made possible in the fields of politics through the lens of war, highlighting their involvement in the socio-economic sphere and its impact in their private life, by shedding a more internal light on global colonial society during this first half of the 18th century
Tomadini, Noémie. "Hommes et animaux dans les colonies françaises des petites Antilles du XVIIe siècle à la fin du XIXe siècle : changements, résiliences et adaptations mutuelles." Thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MNHN0020.
Full textRecent efforts in the archeology of historical periods in the Caribbean allow investigating the daily life of European settlers and servile populations in the French Lesser Antilles. Faunal remains provide an additional insight to textual data to document the adaptation of these newcomers to an insular environment that was unknown to them. The archaeozoological study focused on a set of 27 sites in Guadeloupe, Martinique and Saint-Martin, covering the period of European colonization (first half of the 17th century) to the times that followed the abolition of slavery. Thirteen habitations, twelve urban sites, a lime production workshop and a schooner wreckage yielded a corpus of 18,101 identified remains, which testify to the exploitation of 176 species of vertebrates and invertebrates. Imported species, especially beef, caprines (sheep and goat) and pig, indicate that settlers brought with them European practices. Nevertheless, the presence of 53 species of fish and 90 species of marine invertebrates indicates that colonial populations have been able to exploit the richness of their new environment. The low presence of cod in the assemblages was noted, contrasting with the importance of this taxon suggested by historical sources
Ali, Ibrahim. "Esclaves, engagés et travailleurs libres à la Grande Comore et au Mozambique pendant le sultanat de Saïd Ali ben Saïd Omar (1883-1910)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040028.
Full textThis Thesis studies the slaves trade starting from East Africa to Comoros where foreign growers came to buy them as free Endentured servant. The Sultanat of Saïd Ali born in 1883 benefited of French protection in 1886. Even thought this protectorate, the slavery is abolished in 1904. To maintain the colonialworkforce, The Protecting State has delayed this abolition. In front of theses hesitations, the Sultan is attached to Madagascar in 1908, the sultan abdicated in 1910, before that the Great Comoro become a French colony in 1912
Grémare, Benoit. "L’arme nucléaire française : aspects de droit public." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. https://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2020_0193_GREMARE.pdf.
Full textIn France, nuclear weapons remain an essential strategic stake for the power of the State and the prerogative of its sovereignty through the credibility of its discourse of deterrence. While in international law, its statute and its normativity generate disputes relating to its legality of use and its legitimacy of existence, the French nuclear weapon embodies the life insurance of the Nation in the event of a serious crisis. Responding to the needs of a new era, it partly determines the state apparatus, adapts to societal and international developments. As such, the Constitution being a prescriptive set of norms which govern the institutions, attribute competences, fix the procedures, it also proceeds by affirmation on the nature of the regime, leading to publicly consecrate this consensus on nuclear weapons. But although subject to customary consensus, the French nuclear weapon is limited to a material means serving the Constitutional issue of National Independence, the effectiveness of which remains limited. Going beyond this limit requires systemizing the French nuclear weapon by taking up its original concept of "strike force" which, instituted at the time on a Constitutional basis through military program laws, takes over from this sovereign mission essential to sovereignty which corresponds to ensuring the defense of the Nation, preserving its independence and ensuring its institutions. Nuclear law is positive and to imagine a strike force empowered by the Constitution to defend vital interests as a palliative for general mobilization is to describe a state of affairs expressed in the form of imperative to remain binding. The inclusion of the concept of strike force in the Constitution would make it possible, in addition to securing the nuclear deterrence strategy beyond political contingencies, to confirm its normative dimension and its Constitutional essence. Unheard of in the legal history of concepts, this anticipation by the legislator would provide sustainability regardless of technological developments and would lead to an adaptation of the French nuclear doctrine, the sovereign requiring a strike force capable of preserving its constituents and their vital national interests, while by integrating the European dimension. Insert the strike force in the Constitution would allow nuclear weapons to be consecrated as one of the sovereign means serving the Constitutional objective of National Independence
Fink, Rachael. "France and the Soviet Union: Intervention in Africa Post-Colonialism." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1617892018822665.
Full textBartolain-Tolède, Marlène. "Le double éclairage français et allemand de Gustave Oelsner-Monmerqué (1814-1854) sur la société coloniale à Bourbon." Thesis, La Réunion, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LARE0024.
Full textGustave Oelsner-Monmerqué's work unearthed by us and presented in our doctoral thesis offers a double – French and German – vision of colonial society in Bourbon (now Reunion) Island in the early 1840s. This study begins with a detailed reconstitution of Oelsner-Monmerqué's life, then focuses on his abolitionist stance and actions as editor of the Feuille hebdomadaire de l'Ile Bourbon [Bourbon Island Weekly] and philosophy teacher at and principal of the Collège royal de Bourbon high school. Oelsner-Monmerqué pursued his abolitionist activism in Germany through literary channels: a novel, press articles andconferences. By publishing Schwarze und Weiße. Skizzen aus Bourbon [Blacks and Whites. Sketches of Bourbon] in a country which had no slaves, the author meant to contribute to their quicker and more complete emancipation. His descriptions of illegal slave trade and slave life in Bourbon Island's society have a realistic, expressive touch made possible by the use of an innovative literary genre, the sketch. A cross-boundary testimony, this work can be regardedas Bourbon Island's first abolitionist novel
Coulombe, Danielle. "L'incidence de l'éducation dans la création d'une communauté franco-ontarienne : le rôle du clergé et la contribution des Soeurs de Notre-Dame du Perpétuel Secours à Hearst, 1917-1942." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25396.pdf.
Full textChebahi, Malik. "L’Enseignement de l’architecture à l’École des beaux-arts d’Alger et le modèle métropolitain : réceptions et appropriations (1909-1962)." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1049.
Full textIn 1881, an atelier (studio) was founded at the École des Beaux-Arts in Algiers. Up until 1940, programs, concours, as well as judgments and rewards have depended on masters and local juries. From 1940, the atelier has been regional and included the bosom of the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. This is the only structure belonging to the French colonial empire to have been granted this status. While the evolution of architectural and urban ideas in colonial Algiers was the subject of much research, the history of architectural education in this city has meanwhile remained unexplored. This thesis comes therefore to lift the existing veil around the pedagogical model developed in Algeria. It examines in particular the period between 1909 and 1962. These chronological limits correspond to both a period that is better documented and to two important moments for the architectural institution. Indeed, the year 1909 marked the appointment of the first French architect born in Algeria as the head of the architectural studio. This advent is the starting point for a more structured and better organized teaching of architecture. As for the year 1962, it signaled the end of the French presence in Algeria and the birth of the Algerian school. The interest is to place the education provided at the studio of architecture in Algiers in relation to the pedagogical system of the Beaux-Arts in Paris, and to replace it in the broader context of the emergence of an architectural identity that is specific to the colony. This research, which converge the history of architectural education in France and the history of colonization, is notably built on the following questions: what form has the teaching of architecture in Algeria taken during the colonial period? Was the transplantation identical to the pedagogical model introduced by the Beaux-Arts in Paris, adaptation or rebuilding? What part has the regional dimension taken in the architectural education disseminated in Algeria? Through a comparative analysis between the pedagogy disseminated in Paris and in Algiers, this research shows that a structure forming in the art of building is inseparable from the territory that houses it, the population that attends it, and the political and cultural environment that surrounds it. Furthermore, this thesis contributes to updating the cultural and professionals exchanges that operate between France and its colony
Kern, Mary Elizabeth. "La France au carrefour des cultures divergentes." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1270566971.
Full textAmara, Nordine. "Faire la France en Algérie : émigration algérienne, mésusages du nom et conflits de nationalités dans le monde : de la chute d'Alger aux années 1930." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H002.
Full textOn July 5th, 1830, Dey Husayn surrendered. Alger fell to the hands of the conquering power and, mechanically, Algerian were said to be French. This automatic granting of nationality emanated from a general principle of the law: the annexing State grants its nationality to the subjects whose State disappears as an object of international law. Such mechanics of the law also held a narrative power expressed in this statement: Algerians were French. No matter how imperious the formula was legally, it nevertheless accomplished a historical leap that I offer to re-explore. Examining the question of the nationality of Algerians established abroad, principally in the Ottoman Empire, renders to the moment of 1830 its initial dimension: that of indetermination. The intellectual displacement created by studying migration reveals the colony as a narrative arbitrary, an after-the-fact that crushes the moment of indeterminations. Reexploring conflicts of nationality in their international dimensions reveals the pragmatic aspect of the law on nationality when it comes to defining the Algerian as a French subject. This work questions the law and its narratives as the operator of a historical transaction and it aims to explore the impact of the law on our historiographies. The careful examination of petitions for nationality allows to tell another story, a story no longer produced from elementary statements of the law, but from the law in action and in context
Musat, Jana. "République de Moldavie : Quel territoire pour quelle population ? : Origine, toponymie, frontières, peuplement." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO30006.
Full textOn August 27 1991, the international public opinion acknowledges the birth of the Republic of Moldova, which has represented two-thirds of the Romanian province of Bessarabia until 1941. During the history, Principality of Moldova is parting of the ways of three cultures: Slavic, Latin and Eastern; three great religions: Orthodox, Catholic and Muslim; three populations: Slavic, Latin and Turkish; and three ideologies: Pan-Slavism, Pan-Turkism and pan-Latin. Therefore, over the centuries, the Principality of Moldova has continuously handled these Great Powers and ideologies to keep its national identity. Nowadays, Moldova is still able to pursue between CIS and EU policies and between East and West geopolitical situation.In the first part of the thesis, we study the origin, toponyms and borders of Bessarabia, and we characterize the interest of the Great Powers for this territory. For it we describe, the wars and peace negotiations, starting with the Russo-Turkish war until the period of Bessarabia under the tsarist rule. Moreover, we treated the period of Bessarabia during the First World War, but also the creation of the Moldavian Democratic Republic, describing the process of foundation the USSR and its impact on the evolution of the post-Stalin Soviet Moldova. Finally, we studied the nationality question and the concepts like the "nation", the "nationalism", the "denationalization", the "Russification", the collectivism", the "moldovenism" etc...The Second Part starts with questions about the Moldovan national identity and the outbreaks of regional conflicts. We raise the issue of the separatist minorities of Gagauzia and Transnistria, which do not accept the sovereignty of Moldova. The Tiraspol regime is a totalitarian and oppressive regime, which must be removed by the action of external factors. Moreover, we study the creation of the CIS and GUAM and the involvement of the OSCE, EU, Russia, Ukraine and Romania in the negotiation process for the resolution of the Transnistrian conflict. Finally, we discuss the possibilities of how cans the "federalization" and "regionalization" solves the ethnic conflicts in Moldova. In conclusion, we answer to the questions dealing about the territory and the Moldovan population