Academic literature on the topic 'French essays'
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Journal articles on the topic "French essays"
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Pfeffer, Wendy. "Dietmar Rieger, Esclarzir paraul’escura: Regards sur la diversité des lettres médiévales. Preface: Bernard Ribémont. Recherches littéraires médiévales, 22. Paris: Classiques Garnier, 2016, 431 pp." Mediaevistik 31, no. 1 (2018): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/med012018_312.
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Dietmar Rieger’s publications on medieval literature are vast and expansive, covering a range of genres and languages. This volume brings together nineteen essays, seventeen of which were previously published in journals, Festschriften, or collections of essays, all of which have been updated and some translated here into French for the ease of a French-reading public, i.e.,scholars in the discipline of French literature, especially those whose mastery of German is not strong (of the original languages of the essays, eight were first published in French, eight in German; the one Italian essay remains in Italian). Two additional essays are published here for the first time. The collection follows a similar earlier volume of articles by Rieger, Chanter et dire: Etudes sur la littérature du Moyen Age (Paris: Champion, 1997).
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Robson, John M., and John Stuart Mill. "Essays on French History and Historians." American Political Science Review 79, no. 4 (1985): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1956389.
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Lesmana, Maman, and Ikhfy Kanzan Ilahiyah. "THE MEANING OF REVOLUTION IN AMIN AR-RAYHANI’S ESSAYS." Language Literacy: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching 7, no. 1 (2023): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30743/ll.v7i1.6922.
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This study discusses the meaning of revolution in Amin Ar-Rayhani's essays in the book of Ar-Ar-Rayhaniyyāt (The Ar-Rayhani Essays) entitled Ats-Tsauratu Al-Ifransiyyatu (French Revolution) and Ats-Tsauratu Al-Ḥaqīqiyyatu (The Real Revolution) . The two essays are discussed in this study with a revolutionary theory approach. The purpose of this research is to explain the meaning of revolution in his two essays. The research method used by the researchers is a qualitative research method with a historical approach. The main data are obtained from the above-mentioned essays and then the secondary data are from books, articles, journals, theses, and other scientific works. The theory used in this study comes from the six types of revolution put forward by Chalmers Johnson. Based on the results of the research, the first essay is included in the argumentation essay and the second one in the narrative essay. Both essays are categorized under the type of revolution of conspirational coup de'Etat.
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Seytnazarova, Sh. "Teaching writing essay to intermediate level learners." Ренессанс в парадигме новаций образования и технологий в XXI веке, no. 1 (May 30, 2022): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/innovations-in-edu-vol-iss1-pp213-214.
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An essay is a piece of writing that methodically analyses and evaluates a topic or issue. Fundamentally, an essay is designed to get your academic opinion on a particular matter. The word essay derives from the French infinitive essayer, "to try" or "to attempt". In English essay first meant "a trial" or "an attempt", and this is still an alternative meaning. The Frenchman Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592) was the first author to describe his work as essays; he used the term to characterize these as "attempts" to put his thoughts into writing, and his essays grew out of his commonplacing.
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Vatin, François. "Valuation as Evaluating and Valorizing." Valuation Studies 1, no. 1 (2013): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/vs.2001-5992.131131.
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The notion of valuation often blurs a distinction that is crucial to the understanding of economic processes: the distinction between processes of assessment (in which things undergo judgements of value) and processes of production (in which things are produced so as to be of value). Adapted from the introduction of an infuential collection of essays edited by François Vatin and first published in French in 2009, this essay aims to clarify this problem. Based on a collective research venture by a group of social scientists in France, this essay revisits the sociology of evaluation using the sociology of work, and signals the analytic distinction between the two faces of valuation: evaluating and valorizing (in French, évaluer and valoriser). The text was translated from French by Juliette Rogers and revised by Alexandra Bidet.
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Umoh, S. M., and P. C. N. Ezenwa. "Junior secondary school students' intralingual errors in essays written in French language." Global Journal of Educational Research 19, no. 2 (2021): 147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjedr.v19i2.3.
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This study set out to identify students’ intralingual errors in the essays written in French. The study adopted the ex-post facto design, using the content analysis technique. The population comprised 2,893 copies of descriptive essays written in French Language by year 3 junior secondary school students in the Basic Education Certificate Examination (BECE) in 2015, 2016 and 2017 in Imo State. The sample of 228 essays was selected through stratified, purposive and proportionate random sampling techniques. The three instruments for the study were the question papers on French Language, the students’ answer scripts and a researcher-designed Checklist of Intralingual Errors for Learning French (CIELF). The data from the error analysis were subjected to analysis using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) and the research question that guided the study was answered in percentages. The results showed that the students committed eight intralingual errors, which include overgeneralization, omission, addition, simplification of parts of speech, misinformation, agreement, verb forms and mechanical errors. Part of the recommendations is for teachers of French to build language instructions on students’ prior knowledge and experiences, thereby making French languagelearning to be real and interesting to the students.
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Killick, Rachel, and Stamos Metzidakis. "Understanding French Poetry: Essays for a New Millenium." Modern Language Review 91, no. 3 (1996): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3734152.
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Hope, Geoffrey, and Stamos Metzidakis. "Understanding French Poetry: Essays for a New Millennium." SubStance 32, no. 2 (2003): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3685675.
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Thweatt, Vivien, Leo Spitzer, and David Bellos. "Leo Spitzer: Essays on Seventeenth-Century French Literature." Modern Language Studies 17, no. 3 (1987): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3194742.
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Lawrence, Kirk S. "The French Revolution and Historical Materialism: Selected Essays." Socialism and Democracy 33, no. 1 (2018): 214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2018.1509610.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "French essays"
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El, kallab Tania. "Three essays on French colonial trade." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CERG0835/document.
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Cette thèse se compose de trois études empiriques sur le commerce colonial Français. Le premier chapitre consiste d’une étude comparative entre le commerce Franco-colonial et le commerce Français avec d'autres groupes de colonies et pays afin d'analyser la nature et la dynamique du commerce sectoriel Français dans la période 1880 jusqu’à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale. A la base, ce chapitre décrit la construction et restructuration complète des différentes données historiques primaires sur la valeur du commerce sectoriel Français. Les résultats mettent en évidence une tendance commune du commerce Franco-colonial. En particulier, le commerce de la France avec ses colonies a été principalement basé sur les importations de produits de matière première et sur les exportations de produits manufacturés. Cette évidence confirme que l'Empire colonial a été un débouché principal pour exportations de la France et un réservoir essentiel de matières premières. Les statistiques montrent également que suite à la colonisation des colonies Françaises, les échanges commerciaux entre la France et ses colonies ont augmenté, tandis que la colonisation de la Grande-Bretagne et des autres métropoles n'a pas affecté le commerce entre la France et colonies anglaises et européennes. Les résultats ne révèlent pas un avantage comparatif en faveur de ces colonies. Le deuxième chapitre étudie comment la stratégie coloniale illustrée par le nombre des colons Européens installés dans les colonies a affecté la structure du commerce Français. On applique un modèle de gravité dont les résultats montrent que les colonies françaises ayant plus de colons Français dans leurs territoires s’engagent plus dans des relations de commerce avec la France, alors que l'inverse est vrai pour les autres colonies. Ce chapitre examine en outre deux canaux par lesquels l’installation des colons européens pourrait avoir affecté les échanges commerciaux entre la France et les colonies: les institutions et les réseaux. Les résultats montrent que meilleures sont les institutions dans les colonies Françaises, moins est le commerce avec la France, alors que ces meilleures institutions facilitent le commerce de la France avec les colonies anglaises. Ces résultats sont cohérents avec la nature extractive du commerce Franco-colonial. Les réseaux ont un impact positif sur le commerce de la France avec ses colonies, mais un impact négatif sur le commerce avec les autres colonies. Enfin, dans le dernier chapitre, on étudie la relation entre le type de biens que les colonies exportent vers la France et la croissance économique ultérieure de ces pays. Une explication commune pour le nexus exportations-croissance est la qualité des institutions établies dans ces colonies pendant la période coloniale. Afin d'étudier l'impact du commerce colonial sur la croissance économique par l’intermédiaire des institutions, on applique l’approche PLS du modèle d’équations structurelles. Grace à cette méthode, nous sommes en mesure de tirer simultanément l'importance relative et du commerce et des institutions sur la croissance, tout en tenant compte des problèmes de multicolinéarité entre ces variables, leurs erreurs de mesures et des problèmes de taille de petits échantillons. Les résultats évoquent un rôle commun et important du commerce colonial et de la qualité des institutions en déterminant la croissance économique des pays à long terme. En particulier les colonies françaises qui ont exporté des matières premières a la France ont développé des institutions extractives, ce qui a affecté négativement leur développement aujourd'hui, tandis que celles qui ont exporté des produits manufacturés performent mieux économiquement aujourd'hui. Parmi les colonies anglaises et les autres colonies européennes, les exportations de matières premières et de produits manufacturés vers la France ont contribué à de meilleures institutions et donc à un meilleur développement économique a long-terme<br>This thesis consists of three empirical papers on French colonial trade patterns: Chapter 1 undertakes a comparative study between Franco-colonial trade and French trade with other groups of countries in order to analyse the nature and dynamic of French sectoral trade for the period starting 1880 until the eve of the WWI. Initially it presents a complete description of the construction and restructure of the various primary historical. Results highlight a common trend regarding Franco-colonial trade. In particular, French trade with its colonies was mainly based on imports of primary products and exports of manufactured goods meaning that the Empire was used as the main dispenser of French exports and their main provider of natural resources. Statistics also emphasize that the event of colonization was followed by an increase in trade between France and its colonies, while colonization from Britain and other metropolis did not impact trade between France and British/ other colonies. This chapter finally reveals that trade with French colonies was unbalanced with no advantage in favor of those colonies. Chapter 2 investigates how the colonial strategy through the settlement decision affected French trade patterns. Using a gravity model, results show that French colonies with more European settlements traded more with France, whereas the opposite is true for other colonies. The chapter further investigates two channels through which European settlements might have affected the French trade pattern with colonies: institutions and networking. Results show that better institutions brought by European settlements had a negative impact on trade with French colonies, while it promoted trade with British colonies. These results are consistent with the extractive nature of French trade relations with its colonies. As for networking, it increases overall French trade within French colonies but reduces it in other colonies. Finally in the last chapter we investigate the relation between the type of goods colonies exported to France and those economies' later development. A common explanation for the export-growth nexus is the quality of institutions established in those colonies during the colonial period. In order to investigate the impact of colonial trade on current growth through the mediation of institutions, we apply the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. With this method we are able to simultaneously derive the relative importance of trade and of institutions on growth, while taking into account multicollinearity between the variables, their measurements errors and small sample size issues. The results suggest an important joint role for both trade and institutions in determining economic development in the long run. In particular French colonies who exported raw material developed extractive institutions, which negatively affected development today, while those who exported manufactured goods experience better economic performance today. Among British and other colonies, however, higher exports of both raw materials and of manufactured goods to France are associated with better institutions, which lead to better economic performance in the long-run
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Pacifico, Adrien. "Three Empirical Essays in French Household Taxation." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0085.
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Cette thèse est constituée de trois chapitres qui concerne la taxation des ménages. Le premier chapitre étudie l'impact de la fréquence de l'impôt et plus particulièrement des gains en bien être lié au passage d'un système de taxation annuel à mensuel. Le second chapitre étudie les comportements d'optimisations fiscales des couples de concubins via l'allocation optimale des enfants sur les feuilles d'impôt. Le troisième chapitre vise à évaluer l'impact sur la base taxable du double abaissement de plafond du quotient familial qui a eu lieu en 2012 et en 2013<br>This thesis is composed of three chapters which are linked to the taxation of households. The first chapter studies the welfare gains linked with the frequency of the tax, in particular, it studies the shift from an annual system to a monthly tax system. The third chapters aim at identifying behavioral reactions on the taxable income margin of rich households reacting to a french tax reform
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Gavoille, Nicolas. "Individuals matter : three essays on French politicians." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1G011/document.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est d’introduire de manière explicite les caractéristiques personnelles des décideurs publics dans l’analyse de processus politiques français. Trois cas sont successivement analysés, soulevant chacun une problématique distincte. Le premier chapitre s’intéresse à l’échelon municipal, et se base sur un jeu de données original comportant des informations sur l’ensemble des maires des municipalités de plus de 10000 habitants entre 2000 et 2012. L’objectif est de décrire comment l’influence idiosyncratique d’un maire sur la politique d’investissement municipal impacte sa probabilité de réélection. Les résultats indiquent que plus la taille de la municipalité augmente, moins les électeurs se basent sur ce type d’information. Le second chapitre a pour objet la production législative française, et s’appuie également sur une base de données originale. Un double cycle de production législative émerge, généré par les élections présidentielles et législatives. Il apparaît également que les caractéristiques personnelles des ministres influencent la stratégie du gouvernement, notamment l’âge et l’expérience. Enfin, le troisième chapitre se focalise sur l’impact de la compétition électorale sur le processus de recrutement politique. Un important travail de collecte de données concernant la production parlementaire de chaque député de la Ve République permet d’étudier cette relation ainsi que son évolution au cours de la période 1959-2012. Il en ressort que les députés élus dans des circonscriptions compétitives ont une activité parlementaire plus importante, toutes choses égales par ailleurs. Cependant, ce lien entre activité et compétition est en constante diminution depuis les années 1980<br>The aim of this thesis is to explicitly introduce the decision-maker into the empirical analysis of different political processes in the French context. Three cases are successively analyzed,each raising a specific problematic. The first chapter focuses on French municipalities. A new original dataset, covering mayors of municipalities of more than 10,000 inhabitants over the period 2000-2012, underpins the study. The objective is to investigate to what extentthe mayor’s personal influence on the investment policy affects his/her reelection probability. Results show that this information plays a significant role only in small municipalities. Chapter twostudies the French legislative production, exploiting another original dataset. A dual cycle of the production of laws emerges, connected to both the presidential and the legislative elections. A link between government members’ personal characteristics and legislative output is established. Finally, chapter three investigates the relationship between electoral competition and political selection. A third important dataset providing data about the individual parliamentary work of the deputies over the period 1958-2012 allows such an analysis. Resultsindicate that deputies elected in contested districts have a higher overall productivity. The intensity of the relationship reached its peak in the 1980’s, but is continuously decreasing since then
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Przychodzen, Janusz 1962. "L'essai littérature au Québec (1970-1990) : un projet de liberté." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22498.
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This thesis describes and analyzes the context and the evolution of the Quebec literary essay between 1970 and 1990. It is supported by a body of texts which, in our opinion, reflect the structure of contemporary essayistic discourse in Quebec.<br>By studying three dimensions of the Quebec essay--the socio-political, the personal and the feminist--we will attempt to understand and interpret the various modes through which the essayistic "I" deals with its cultural and ideological contexts. Beyond this principal goal, we offer an account of recent studies on the definition of the literary essay.<br>This vast panorama of Quebec essay is accompanied, in the second part of this work, by the bibliography of texts published during the last two decades. In order to facilitate a clearer assessment of the development of the "genre" in question, we have appended a chronological listing of these texts.
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Murphy, Tomas Eric. "Revisiting the French Fertility Decline : Some Essays in Quantitative Economic History." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504149.
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Trevien, Corentin. "Four essays in empirical urban economics : evaluation of French regional policies." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IEPP0010/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur l’évaluation de quatre politiques d’aménagement du territoire en France. Elle aborde également trois questions majeures de l’économie urbaine : l'influence des transports sur la localisation de l'emploi et de la population, l’élasticité de l'offre de logement et la ségrégation urbaine. La première politique publique étudiée est le Réseau express régional. Ainsi, l’amélioration des transports publics en Île-de-France a favorisé la croissance de l’emploi dans les communes de banlieue. Il n’y aurait en revanche pas de croissance globale de la population mais un possible effet de gentrification à proximité des stations. Dans un deuxième temps, cette thèse s’intéresse au rôle du train à grande vitesse dans l’organisation spatiale des entreprises multi-implantations. Il est établi que les filiales voyant le temps de parcours vers leur siège diminuer se spécialisent dans les activités de production. Cette création s'effectue au détriment des activités d'encadrement. Ensuite, ce travail évalue l’impact des zones franches urbaines. L’effet de première génération de ce dispositif sur la localisation des entreprises et sur l'emploi est massif. En revanche, il n'a que faiblement profité aux habitants de ces quartiers, soulignant un manque de ciblage de la mesure. Le dernier chapitre évalue l’effet des aides au logement sur le niveau des loyers et l’offre de logements locatifs. Il confirme que les aides au logement induisent une hausse des loyers privés. L’élasticité de l'offre de logements reste faible dans le long terme, puisque l'effet inflationniste perdure tandis que la quantité et la qualité des logements locatifs ne s'adaptent pratiquement pas<br>This thesis evaluates four French urban and regional policies. It also covers three major issues in urban economics: the impact of transportation on the spatial distribution of employment and population, the elasticity of housing supply and urban segregation. First, the thesis focuses on the Regional Express Rail system. The improvement of public transport in the Paris region causes employment to grow in suburban municipalities. However, there is not effect on overall population growth but a possible gentrification effect nearby RER stations. Secondly, this thesis studies the role of high-speed rail in the spatial organization of multi-plant businesses. It shows that the reduction in travel time to their headquarters subsidiaries lead the affiliate to specialize in production activities, to the expense of management tasks. Then, this work assesses the impact of the French Urban Enterprise Zones. The first generation of this program have a massive impact on firm location and employment. However, it only slightly benefited to the local residents, highlighting a lack of targeting. The last chapter evaluates the effect of housing allowance on the level of rents and the supply of rental housing. It confirms that housing subsidies cause private rents to increase. The elasticity of housing supply remains low in the long term, since the upward effect does not vanish and the quantity and the quality of rental housing do not adjust
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Bellego, Christophe. "Three empirical essays on movie admissions in the french motion picture industry." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E060.
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A la frontière entre les industries du divertissement et la production culturelle, grand fournisseur de contenu à l'économie numérique, l'industrie du cinéma soulève des questions intéressantes dans le champ de l'économie et du marketing. Cette thèse répond à trois questions empiriques importantes sur ce sujet à l'aide de différentes méthodes adaptées (économétrie des données de panel, différence-de-différences, économétrie structurelle) et propose un nouveau développement théorique du modèle nested logit. Le premier chapitre étudie l'effet des notes des consommateurs sur Internet, et analyse la complémentarité et la substituabilité de ces notes avec l'information disponible avant la sortie des films en salle. Le deuxième chapitre étudie l'effet redistributif de la loi anti-piratage Hadopi sur les entrées des films en salle, en écartant minutieusement les phénomènes alternatifs pouvant affecter les résultats. Le troisième chapitre considère la saisonnalité dans l'industrie française du cinéma et décompose séparément les entrées des films en salle en le niveau de l'offre (le nombre et la qualité des films), la demande saisonnière sous-jacente, les variations météorologiques, et les promotions nationales en estimant un modèle nested logit à trois étages tenant compte de la congestion des films dans les salles de cinéma. Le modèle est utilisé pour identifier les dates de sortie optimales en fonction des types de film<br>At the frontier between entertainment industries and cultural production, vital content provider of digital economy, the motion picture industry raises several interesting questions in the field of economics and marketing. This dissertation tackles three important empirical questions in the motion picture industry using different methods (panel data models, difference-in-differences, and structural econometrics) and brings a new theoretical development about the nested logit model. The first chapter deals with online consumer reviews, also known as electronic word of mouth (eWOM), and focuses on the extent to which prerelease information alters the effect of eWOM on movie sales. The second chapter studies the collateral damages of the French anti-piracy law known as Hadopi on box office performances of movies, by carefully ruling out alternative explanations of the result. The third chapter investigates on seasonality in the French movie industry. The analysis separately identifies and decomposes movie sales into the number and quality of available movies, underlying seasonal demand, weather shocks, and national sales promotion by estimating a three-level nested logit model of weekly demand accounting for congestion on movie theaters' screens. The model is used to identify optimal release periods depending on the types of movie
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Laffineur, Catherine. "Four Essays on the Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on the French Labor Market." Thesis, Paris 9, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA090015.
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Cette thèse a pour objectif d'analyser et d'identifier les effets des investissements directs étrangers (IDE) sur le marché du travail français. Le premier chapitre dresse un état des lieux de la littérature récente sur cette question. Les autres chapitres analysent empiriquement et théoriquement l'effet des IDE sur le marché du travail. A l'aide de données récentes et détaillées sur les firmes et les employés français, plusieurs aspects du marché du travail sont abordés. Dans un premier temps, la thèse analyse l'effet des IDE sur l'emploi (chapitre 2), puis s'intéresse à leurs effets sur les salaires français (chapitre 3). Le chapitre 4 quant à lui, identifie un canal potentiel par lequel l'IDE affecterait le marché du travail. Ce canal est le changement organisationnel au sein de la maison mère. Enfin, le chapitre 5 identifie les conséquences du changement organisationnel en terme de mobilité de la main d’œuvre au sein des firmes multinationales. Les résultats montrent un effet sélectif de l'IDE sur l'emploi et les salaires. Seuls les IDE vers un pays à bas salaires affectent le marché du travail et seuls les cadres sont impactés positivement par les stratégies d'implantation à l'étranger des firmes. L'emploi semble être la variable d'ajustement en marge extensive, alors que les salaires s'ajustent en marge intensive. Les IDE sont également responsables d'un changement organisationnel au sein de la maison-mère, provoquant d'une part, un déplacement de l'autorité du chef d'entreprise vers les cadres et d'autre part, une augmentation de la mobilité des travailleurs qualifiés au sein de la firme<br>This thesis aims to analyze and identify the effects of outward foreign direct investment (FDI) on the French labor market. The first chapter provides an overview of the recent literature on this topic. The other chapters of the thesis analyze empirically and theoretically the effect of FDI on the labor market. Thank to recent and detailed data on French firms and employees, the thesis looks at several aspects of the labor market. First, the study starts by analyzing the effect of FDI on employment (chapter 2) and then looks at the effects on French hourly gross wages (chapter 3). Chapter 4 identifies one possible channel through which FDI affects the labor market, which is organizational change. Finally, Chapter 5 identifies the impact of organizational change on labor mobility within multinational companies. The results show a selective effect of FDI on employment and wages. Only FDI to low-wage countries affect the labor market and only managers' employment is positively affected by offshoring strategies of their firm. Results also show that employment is the main adjustment variable at the extensive margin, while wage is the main adjustment variable at the intensive margin. Results of chapter 4 and 5 highlight the role of FDI on organizational change within the mother company, which is materialized on the one hand, by a decentralization of authority from the CEO to managers and, on the other hand, by an increase of inhouse labor-mobility of skilled workers
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Milosevic, Miona. "Three essays on the performance determinants of venture capital industry : public policy lessons from the french case." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E076.
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L’importance du capital-risque pour le développement des entreprises innovantes a été largement documentée. L’industrie française du capital-risque figure parmi les plus importantes en Europe. Toutefois, les investisseurs en capital-risque en France sous-performent à la fois leurs homologues américains et européens. Depuis la crise financière de 2008 et les changements règlementaires, notamment Bâle III et Solvabilité II, les principaux investisseurs historiques, à savoir les banques et les compagnies d’assurance, ont délaissé le capital-risque. Les fonds publics et les dispositifs d'incitation fiscale à l'investissement privé ont permis de combler le retrait des investisseurs institutionnels. Par ailleurs, au sein des pays développés, l’environnement économique français se singularise par des relations étroites entre l’État et les entreprises et un système d’éducation élitiste favorisant de puissants réseaux. Notre objectif était d’étudier la sous-performance de l’industrie du capital-risque en France à travers une approche holistique puis de tester quantitativement l’impact des différents éléments du capital humain et social sur les indicateurs de performance, telles que les sorties des entreprises des portefeuilles, la levée de fonds et la syndication. Nous montrons comment les spécificités du marché français du capital-risque, à savoir la prépondérance des profils de banquiers et de financiers et l’importance des fonds publics ainsi que des fonds levés à travers des dispositifs d’incitation fiscale, sont un frein au développement de l’expertise des investisseurs. Nous avons mis en lumière que les compétences en innovation et en investissement des capital-risqueurs contribuent positivement aux levées de fonds, à la création de valeur et aux sorties des entreprises de leur portefeuille, et cela même dans des marchés caractérisés par de forts réseaux. Cependant, nous démontrons par la suite que dans un marché dominé par l’intervention publique et de puissants réseaux, les caractéristiques du capital humain qui déterminent la performance de sortie ne sont pas associées à une levée de fonds plus importante. Au contraire, notre recherche montre l’importance du capital social pour l’activité de levée de fonds, ce qui conduit au favoritisme et à une allocation du capital inefficace<br>Venture capital is crucial for funding and development of young innovative ventures. The French venture capital industry figures among the most important in Europe, however, its performance remains negative, underperforming both the US and the average European market. Since the 2008 financial crisis, banks and insurance companies, which used to be principal investors, have abandoned venture capital industry, mainly due to unfavorable regulatory changes (Basel III and Solvency II). To fill this gap, the government has increased its intervention, and direct funds and tax incentives have now become the principal sources of funding in the venture capital industry. Besides, French business environment also represents an exception compared to other developed economies due to tight relations between the State and the business sector, concentration of the public and corporate power in the hands of actors mainly educated in highly elitist education institutions, which are also well known for their powerful networks. Our aim was, first, to study the underperformance of the venture capital industry though a holistic lens, and then test quantitatively how different elements of human and social capital relate to performance measures, such as portfolio exits, fundraising and syndication. We find specificities of the French venture capital market, the dominance of banking and finance professionals and prevailing government funding and incentives, to hamper the process of expertise acquisition. We further show how task-specific innovation and investment human capital contribute positively to value adding, by raising funds from syndicate partners in follow-on rounds, and exiting, even in an environment characterized by dominant networks. However, we also provide evidence that in a market with strong government intervention and networks, human capital characteristics determining the exit performance are not associated with higher capital commitments. Instead, our research points out to the importance of social networks for fundraising activity, where connections and favoritism lead to inefficiencies in capital allocation
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Christiansen, Naomi Lund. "Learning to Create: A Collection of Personal Essays." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd485.pdf.
Full textBooks on the topic "French essays"
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Lucy, Bolton, and 2001 Group (Great Britain), eds. Framed!: Essays in French studies. P. Lang, 2007.
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Poirine, Bernard. Three essays from French Polynesia. Centre for South Pacific Studies, University of New South Wales, 1993.
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Mill, John Stuart. Essays on French history and historians. Edited by Robson John M. University of Toronto Press, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "French essays"
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Keynes, John Maynard. "The French Franc." In Essays in Persuasion. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-59072-8_8.
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Trefz, Nick Martin. "Modified Fama-French Factors for REITs and the Impact of Short Selling." In Essays in Real Estate Research. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-40049-1_2.
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Grantham, George W. "8 Scale and Organization in French Farming, 1840-1880." In European Peasants and Their Markets: Essays in Agrarian Economic History, edited by William N. Parker and Eric L. Jones. Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400870653-010.
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Dieckmann, Herbert. "The Transformation of the Concept of Imitation in Eighteenth-Century French Esthetics." In New Perspectives in German Literary Criticism: A Collection of Essays. Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400866984-004.
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Kaitaro, Timo. "Technological Metaphors and the Anatomy of Representations in Eighteenth-Century French Materialism and Dualist Mechanism." In Brain, Mind and Medicine: Essays in Eighteenth-Century Neuroscience. Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-70967-3_24.
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Müller, Birgit Charlotte. "Capital Share Risk in International Asset Pricing." In Three Essays on Empirical Asset Pricing in International Equity Markets. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-35479-4_3.
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ZusammenfassungIn a seminal study, Lettau et al. (2019) demonstrate that a single macroeconomic factor can explain a wide range of equity and nonequity portfolio returns within the U.S. market. This factor, which is based on the growth in the capital share of aggregate income, is able to outperform, yet even subsume information in well-established factor models as for instance the Fama-French three factor model. The aim of this paper is to study whether the explanatory power of this factor maintains across international equity markets.
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Stewart, Alan. "The Birth of the English Essay." In The Edinburgh Companion to the Essay. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474486026.003.0003.
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Francis Bacon’s short, aphoristic Essayes, first published in 1597, were soon hailed as the founding text of the essay genre in England, a reputation they have yielded today to Michel de Montaigne’s radically different Essais. This chapter first tracks the processes by which Bacon wrote and rewrote his Essayes, from his notebooks through manuscript drafts to later printed versions (1612, 1625), and even translations in Italian, French, and Latin. It then shows how many other writers copied, adapted, and appropriated Bacon’s essays to their own ends throughout the seventeenth century. It proposes the point of these essays is precisely their availability for reiteration and revision, and suggests that we might see them as offering an alternative history of the essay in England.
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"Review Essays." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 15, edited by Antony Polonsky. Liverpool University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774716.003.0026.
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This chapter briefly discusses eleven volumes of archival material published by the Holy See’s Secretariat of State (external division) between 1965 and 1981. These volumes were entitled Actes et documents du Saint Siège relatifs à la seconde guerre mondiale (‘Records and Documents of the Holy See Relating to the Second World War’) and included very extensive correspondence, notes, and memoranda that throw much light on how the Vatican responded to the Holocaust, though this was not by any means the only theme dealt with in its pages. The documents were primarily in Italian, but also in French, German, English, and Latin. All the volumes except one had a separate introduction written in French. Though familiar to a small, select band of scholars, these volumes are not easily accessible to the general public or widely known.
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"Remarks on the French Novel." In Essays on European Literature. Princeton University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400867981-025.
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"Mignet's French Revolution (1826)." In Essays on French History & Historians. University of Toronto Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442680784-003.
Full textConference papers on the topic "French essays"
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Klotiņš, Jurģis. "Cilvēka personas brīvība un kopīgais labums Žaka Maritēna filosofijas skatījumā = The Human Person’s Freedom and the Common Good in Jacques Maritain’s Philosophy." In Latvijas Universitātes 80. starptautiskā zinātniskā konference. LU Vēstures un filozofijas fakultāte, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/luszk.80.fds.01.
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In his essays under the title “The Person and the Common Good” (the French edition 1947), Jacques Maritain extensively discussed the mutual relation and interdependence between a human person and a political community. The human person is a part of a political community and inferior to it, for he or she receives basic human goods from the common good, which itself is constituted by human persons. Nevertheless, a human person is also superior to the political community due to an ultimate fulfilment of human existence in direct relationship to God and regarding matters related to the philosophical categories such as truth, good and beauty. If the human person’s freedom to strive for these transcendental goods is respected on behalf of the political community, the common good can be properly maintained and continues to serve the community. Maritain’s position contains practical implications for the contemporary discussions of political philosophy on freedom of conscience and religious freedom, and freedom of expression.
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Buse, Dorel. "ROMANIA DURING 1918-1919 AFTER 100 YEARS IN DIGITAL MEDIA." In eLSE 2018. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-18-278.
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A page of history is now at 100 hundred years rewritten and the digital media and authors use it for promotion. The study has two parts, historical facts and a short analyse on the tools used to promote it. Historical context starts, on June 5, 1918, the Treaty of Peace imposed on Romania by the Central Powers was ratified by Parliament and forwarded to the King for promulgation; he postponed the signing of this treaty. As the French army began to cross the Danube, on November 10, at Giurgiu, Zimnicea, Turnu Magurele and other points, the Romanian army re-joined the war, Romania proving "de facto" that it is in the allied camp. In this setting, on 11 November 1918, the Compiegne Armistice, between Germany and the Allied Powers, was signed, acknowledging, among other things, the caducity of the Bucharest Peace Treaty. At the same time, the end of the war brought with it the completion of the process of unification of all the Romanian provinces under one standard. And as the complete unity of Romania could not have been made without the inhabitants of Transylvania, the "cradle of the formation of the Romanian nation" for which the Romanian army had crossed the Carpathians, on 18 November / 1 December 1918, the Great National Assembly in Alba Iulia voted "the unification of all the territories inhabited by the Romanians from the former Austro-Hungarian monarchy with Romania". The digital development of this page of history was approached by both historians and media. The study show that the papers has a 27% of the covering of the event, the rest being covert by various encyclopaedia, blogs and essays. By channel by far Facebook covers the news on that event followed by Youtube and What’s Up.
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Marchalot, C. "CERSAT: The French processing and archiving facility for ERS-1 data." In The earth and space science information system (ESSIS). AIP, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.44418.
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Medina, Rafael Sales, Ana Paula Couto Da Silva, and Fabricio Murai. "Análise das Interações Sociais em Comunidades Online de Aprendizado de Idiomas: um estudo de caso no Reddit." In VII Brazilian Workshop on Social Network Analysis and Mining. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/brasnam.2018.3576.
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Reddit é uma rede social online na qual os usuários podem trocar informação sobre interesses comuns em comunidades específicas (subreddits). Recentemente, comunidades voltadas para o aprendizado de idiomas vêm ganhando popularidade. Esses subreddits permitem que usuários interajam, independentemente do seu nível de proficiência. Interações típicas incluem a resolução de dúvidas e a troca de dicas para facilitar o aprendizado. Neste trabalho, analisamos quatro comunidades: EnglishLearning, French, German e Spanish. Esta análise foca em interações entre usuários, como as discussões se desenrolam em torno das threads e os traços linguísticos dos usuários que pertencem a diferentes níveis de proficiência. Além disso, ressaltamos as semelhanças e diferenças entre essas comunidades.
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TOURAY, ENSA. "Anglo French Boundary Commission and the British Military expedition Against Foday Kaba and His Allied 1891 1898." In Third International Conference on Advances In Economics, Social Science and Human Behaviour Study - ESSHBS 2015. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-085-9-96.
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Wilkens, Rodrigo, Alice Pintard, David Alfter, Vincent Folny, and Thomas François. "TCFLE-8: a Corpus of Learner Written Productions for French as a Foreign Language and its Application to Automated Essay Scoring." In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.210.
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Boscarioli, Clodis, Guilherme Galante, Marcio Oyamada, Reginaldo Zara, and Rosangela Vilwock. "Aluno Surdo na Ciência da Computação: Discutindo os Desafios da Inclusão." In Workshop sobre Educação em Computação. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wei.2015.10234.
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Este trabalho relata desafios encontrados na inclusão de alunos surdos no ensino da Computação e resultam da observação da trajetória de um acadêmico matriculado no Curso de Ciência da Computação. Os desafios apresentados e as ações desencadeadas não têm por objetivo fundamentar uma teoria abrangente ou mesmo estatística, mas sim suscitar discussão reflexiva frente às suas especificidades. Dado o aumento do número de alunos com essa deficiência no ensino superior, é importante que esses desafios estejam claros para que as universidades possam se adequar a esta realidade.
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Gomes, Luiz Fernando do Nascimento, Cristiano Pereira Sena, Giuliana Paz Da Encarnação, Jhennyfer Lais Silva De Menezes, and Jessica Leite De Lima. "ALTERAÇÕES PSICOSSOCIAIS DEVIDO AO ISOLAMENTO SOCIAL DURANTE A PANDEMIA DO COVID-19." In II Congresso Nacional Multidisciplinar em Enfermagem On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/rems/2510.
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Introdução: O contato entre pessoas é essencial para uma boa manutenção da saúde mental e um melhor convívio social, isso se dá pela interação entre os amigos, familiares, colegas de faculdade e de trabalho. Essa interação auxilia no bem-estar psíquico e social, pois relacionar-se com o meio, é uma necessidade básica humana. Logo, com o distanciamento social ocasionado pela pandemia do COVID-19, diversos transtornos psicossocias foram instalados na vida das pessoas, em especial dos estudantes de enfermagem, visto que estes serão os futuros profissionais da linha de frente. Objetivo: Relatar de forma breve, a importância do convívio social para o bem-estar da população, dos graduandos do curso de enfermagem e os impactos causados pelo isolamento, devido a pandemia do COVID-19. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica, sobre as alterações psicossociais causadas na população e nos graduandos de enfermagem, devido ao colapso no sistema de saúde no país e no mundo, consequência da pandemia do COVID-19. Resultados: Com o isolamento social, resultado da pandemia, mudanças foram adotadas no estilo de vida, impactando a população, em especial os estudantes, que foram submetidos a um novo modo de viver, pensar, estudar e de se relacionar com outras pessoas. Essa adaptação tomou conta dos sentimentos e emoções dos mesmos, visto que a ansiedade, a depressão, o medo e a insegurança instalaram-se devido ao choque causado pelo isolamento. Além disso, dificuldades como o acesso a internet e estabilidade financeira, também levaram a esses estressores. Conclusão: Ademais, mesmo com essas dificuldades enfrentadas pela população e pelo os estudantes, os mesmos encontraram formas de adaptar-se ao novo estilo de vida, com a finalidade de superar os desafios causados pela pandemia do COVID-19.
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Yassin, Ahmed Ali Gomes, Marco Antônio Leite, and Jocelia Martins Cavalcante Dantas. "ABLAÇÃO POR CATETER: ESPERANÇA TERAPÊUTICA FRENTE A DIFICULDADES NO TRATAMENTO CONVENCIONAL." In 1° Congresso Sul Maranhense de Cardiologia. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/csmc/12.
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INTRODUÇÃO: A fibrilação atrial (FA) é a arritmia sustentada mais frequente da prática clínica, afetando de 1- 2% da população. Os antiarrítmicos são seu tratamento de eleição, entretanto essas medicações são associadas a vários efeitos colaterais, potencial pró-arrítmico e toxicidade. A ablação da FA por radiofrequência ou crioablação tem se mostrado uma alternativa terapêutica eficaz. METODOLOGIA: Mediante a assinatura do termo de consentimento foi feito uma análise retrospectiva do prontuário de um paciente atendido em serviço privado no município de imperatriz – MA. DESCRIÇÃO DO CASO: Masculino, 71 anos, branco, hipertenso em uso de benazepril 10mg/anlodipina 5mg e rosuvastatina 20mg/dia. Apresentou FA revertida inicialmente com amiodarona e mantido com propafenona 600mg/dia e rivaroxabana 20mg/dia. Em setembro de 2021, teve em AVE hemorrágico atribuído ao uso do anticoagulante, que foi suspenso. Em janeiro de 2022 teve crise convulsiva secundária ao AVE. Realizado holter para investigar presença de FA paroxística, sendo demonstrado vários episódios da arritmia, alguns de alta resposta ventricular. Devido a impossibilidade do uso de anticoagulantes e a falha dos antiarrítmicos, o paciente está em programação para ablação da FA. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento da FA por ablação, até pouco tempo era considerado como de “última escolha”. Entretanto, estudos mais recentes como o early invasive intervention for atrial fibrillation (EARLY-AF) e outros vem demonstrando sua superioridade na manutenção do ritmo sinusal, bem como na redução de eventos cardiovasculares maiores como AVC isquêmico e sangramentos devido ao uso de anticoagulantes. Associado a esses fatores, a ablação também reduz a evolução para insuficiência cardíaca uma vez que diminui a remodelação atrial, quando realizada precocemente. Mesmo não sendo acessível a todos os pacientes, a ablação da FA deve ser considerada uma opção terapêutica inicial dado sua menor incidências de recidivas e complicações associadas ao uso de antiarrítmicos e anticoagulantes.
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Rybárová, Silvia. "Silence as a modality of mystical experience in the work of Sylvie Germain." In The Figurativeness of the Language of Mystical Experience. Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9997-2021-8.
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The article deals with the issue of silence in the thinking and work of the contemporary French author Sylvie Germain. The starting point for deliberation is the author’s essay Acte de silence (2011), in which silence is conceived both as a manifestation of God’s discreet appearance and as an act of humility and patience of man. The presence of silence seems to be a necessary condition for mystical experience. Silence understood in this way is the subject of the analysis in a selected passage from Germain’s novel L’Enfant Méduse (1991), which suggests some specific features of the author’s poetics of the transcendent, also present in her later novel work.
Reports on the topic "French essays"
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Revill, James, Rebecca Katz, Elena Fasoli, Einas Mohammed, Himayu Shiotani, and Jens Hillebrand Pohl. Tools for Compliance and Enforcement from Beyond WMD regimes. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/wmd/21/wmdce10.
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In seeking fresh ideas for twenty-first century WMD arms control and disarmament, there is value in looking at other regimes for tools and approaches that could be adapted and developed to enhance compliance and enforcement in contemporary WMD-related regimes. To this end, this report comprises a series of short essays that outline tools for treaty compliance or enforcement from regimes dealing with the environment, public health, small arms, international trade, and core international crimes.
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Raulet, Gérard. What Happens is Unimaginable! About the „Yellow Vests“. Association Inter-University Centre Dubrovnik, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53099/ntkd4303.
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The French ‘yellow vests’ movement is anything but an episodic protest movement. It questions both the liberal and the republican conception of political representation. The reason for this radicalism is that it shakes the foundations of a neo-capitalist order, for which shortterm financial sales have become more important than the long-term maintenance of the system itself. From the financial crisis of 2008, neoliberalism only seems to have learned that,despite everything, the model on which it is based holds up. This creates a profound crisis of legitimacy that reveals a break in political culture that no policy of consensus or even recognition can remedy. This essay examines the theoretical approaches that can take this phenomenon into account.
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Mundim, Felipe, Paula Bogossian, and Guilherme Resende. Cadernos do Cade- Mercado de instrumentos de pagamento - 2019. Departamento de Estudos Econômicos - Cade, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52896/dee.cc2.019.
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O nono número da série "Cadernos do Cade" é dedicado ao mercado de instrumentos de pagamento. A motivação do presente estudo deve-se, em grande parte, à forte expansão da indústria de cartões nos últimos anos e também à necessidade de fomentar essa agenda de pesquisa que ainda é escassa, frente às inúmeras mudanças que o Sistema de Pagamentos Brasileiros (SPB) vem sofrendo.