Academic literature on the topic 'French France China'
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Journal articles on the topic "French France China"
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Bianco, Lucien. "French Studies of Contemporary China." China Quarterly 142 (June 1995): 509–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000035037.
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After belated and uneasy beginnings, French studies of contemporary China have recently matured. Thirty years ago the field was almost non-existent in France. Most sinologists either carried on the once celebrated philological tradition or concentrated on philosophy, religion, classical literature and ancient history. Few were happy to see the sacred field encroached upon by modern historians, whose secular interests they deemed closer to those of reporters than of scholars. Furthermore the tiny bunch of “barbarians” comprised mostly historians, not political scientists, economists or sociologists, and so they were interested in the century that preceded the Communist takeover (1840 to 1949), not in contemporary China as such.
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Martin, Garret. "Playing the China Card? Revisiting France's Recognition of Communist China, 1963–1964." Journal of Cold War Studies 10, no. 1 (January 2008): 52–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws.2008.10.1.52.
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On 27 January 1964, France and the People's Republic of China (PRC) officially established diplomatic relations. This was the first time since 1950 that a major power had recognized the PRC. The French initiative caused an international uproar and generated extensive debate about the motivations of French President General Charles de Gaulle. This article uses new archival materials to look closely at de Gaulle's decision and to show how the new links with Communist China fit into France's larger strategy in the Cold War. Although domestic political considerations helped to spur de Gaulle's action, the new documentary evidence makes clear that de Gaulle also was determined to establish France as a major actor on the world scene that could forge a middle path between the United States and the Soviet Union.
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Sicking, Louis. "France and the Dutch Colonial Empire in the Nineteenth Century." Itinerario 22, no. 1 (March 1998): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300012419.
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In the historiography of the colonial empires in the nineteenth century, much attention has been paid to the large European powers Britain and France. When the Dutch colonial empire is studied in an international context it is mostly in relation to the British empire. However, little or no attention has been given by scholars to Franco-Dutch colonial relations. This is surprising given the fact that after Britain, France and the Netherlands were the second and third largest colonial empires. Three Franco-Dutch colonial frontiers existed: in South America between French Guyana and Surinam, in the Caribbean on the island of St Martin and in Africa on the Gold Coast. In Asia, where the most important Dutch colony, Indonesia, was located, the French and Dutch did not have neighbouring possessions. Nonetheless, because of its location, Indonesia was highly important for navigation between France and Indo-China. In each of the regions mentioned above, French colonial administrators or private individuals developed plans to extend French territory at the expense of the Dutch: on St Martin from 1843 to 1853, on the Gold Coast from 1867 to 1871, in South America from 1887 to 1891 in Indonesia in 1888. This article will focus on nineteenth century France-Dutch colonial relations and will. address such questions as: what were the motives of the French administrators and how effectively did they exert pressure on the metropolitan government in order to effect their schemes? What was the role of special interest groups? And finally how did the Netherlands react? Being a small European power, how were they able to resist the French?
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Israeli, Raphael. "Consul de France in Mid-Nineteenth-Century China." Modern Asian Studies 23, no. 4 (October 1989): 671–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00010167.
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What was it like to be a French Consul in newly opened up China of the 1850s? What sort of people served in that risky yet challenging job in an exotic, yet remote and isolated place like mid-nineteenth-century China? How did they discharge their duties both vis-à-vis the puzzled Chinese who did not quite know how to handle the ‘Western Devils’ who thrust themselves into the Middle Kingdom, and their Western colleagues who, like them, were scrambling for Chinese concessions and for commercial and diplomatic rights for their countries, in pursuance of ever-elusive gains in prestige and diplomacy? What kind of matters did they deal with, what were they concerned with, and how well did they perform their consular duties? Under what bureaucratic and hierarchical constraints, both French and Chinese, did they operate? What was their personal contribution to advancing the cause they were delegated to promote?
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Bargain, Olivier. "French Wine Exports to China: Evidence from Intra-French Regional Diversification and Competition." Journal of Wine Economics 15, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 134–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2020.1.
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AbstractWhile France leads the way in the Chinese import market of wine, China is France's third largest wine export market by value. In this article, I analyze the determinants of France's wine exports to China, differentiated by French wine growing regions. I estimate a simple demand using a dataset on wine shipments of 100 different types of French bottled wines to China between 1998 and 2015. I find a wide range of income and price effects across French regions—a range not unlike those found by studies spanning multiple countries. Bordeaux wines exhibit the largest Chinese income elasticity. However, other French regions appear to catch up. Price elasticity, meanwhile, is particularly low for highly reputable wines, but quite high for wines targeting middle-class customers and wines from regions traditionally known for white wines. (JEL Classifications: F10, F14, L66, Q17)
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Yusuf, Hakeem. "S.A.S v France." International Human Rights Law Review 3, no. 2 (November 19, 2014): 277–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131035-00302006.
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The Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights has upheld the French law which prohibits the concealment of one’s face in public places. The law is directed principally at prohibiting Muslim women covering their faces in public spaces in France. The decision of the Strasbourg Court is premised on the French notion of ‘le vivre ensemble’; ‘living together.’ This critical analysis of the judgment contends that the decision is flawed and retrogressive for women’s rights in particular and undermines the socio-cultural rights and freedoms of individuals who belong to minority groups in general. On wider implications of the decision, it is worrisome that the decision appears to pander to dangerous political leanings currently growing in many parts of Europe and beyond. The Court risks promoting forced assimilation policies against minorities in various parts of the world. To illustrate its implications, the article highlights the experience of the Uyghurs, a Turkic ethnic group in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China.
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Fukuda, Madoka. "The Normalization of Sino-French Diplomatic Relations in 1964 and the Formation of the “One-China” Principle: Negotiations over Breaking French Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of China Government and the Recognition of the People’s Republic of China as the Sole Legitimate Government." World Political Science 8, no. 1 (October 18, 2012): 252–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/wpsr-2012-0013.
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AbstractThis article examines the substance and modification of the “One-China” principle, which the government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) pursued in the mid 1960s. Under this principle, a country wishing to establish diplomatic relations with the PRC was required first to break off such relations with the Republic of China (ROC). In 1964 the PRC established diplomatic relations with France. This was its first ambassadorial exchange with a Western government. The PRC, in the negotiations over the establishment of diplomatic relations, attempted to achieve some consensus with France on the matter of “One-China”. The PRC, nevertheless, had to abandon these attempts, even though it demanded fewer conditions of France than of the United States (USA), Japan and other Western countries in the 1970s. The PRC had demanded adherence to the “One-China” principle since 1949. France, however, refused to accept this condition. Nevertheless, the PRC established diplomatic relations with France before the latter broke off relations with the ROC. Subsequently, the PRC abandoned the same condition in negotiations with the African governments of the Republic of Congo, Central Africa, Dahomey and Mauritania. After the negotiations with France, the PRC began to insist that the joint communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations should clearly state that “the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government of China”. However, France refused to insert these words into the communiqué. Afterwards, the PRC nevertheless insisted on putting such a statement into the joint communiqués or exchanges of notes on the establishment of diplomatic relations with the African countries mentioned above. This was done in order to set precedents for making countries accede to the “One-China” principle. The “One-China” principle was, thus, gradually formed in the process of the negotiation and bargaining between the PRC and other governments.
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Schück, Stéphane, Pierre Foulquié, Adel Mebarki, Carole Faviez, Mickaïl Khadhar, Nathalie Texier, Sandrine Katsahian, Anita Burgun, and Xiaoyi Chen. "Concerns Discussed on Chinese and French Social Media During the COVID-19 Lockdown: Comparative Infodemiology Study Based on Topic Modeling." JMIR Formative Research 5, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): e23593. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/23593.
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Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous countries, including China and France, have implemented lockdown measures that have been effective in controlling the epidemic. However, little is known about the impact of these measures on the population as expressed on social media from different cultural contexts. Objective This study aims to assess and compare the evolution of the topics discussed on Chinese and French social media during the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods We extracted posts containing COVID-19–related or lockdown-related keywords in the most commonly used microblogging social media platforms (ie, Weibo in China and Twitter in France) from 1 week before lockdown to the lifting of the lockdown. A topic model was applied independently for three periods (prelockdown, early lockdown, and mid to late lockdown) to assess the evolution of the topics discussed on Chinese and French social media. Results A total of 6395; 23,422; and 141,643 Chinese Weibo messages, and 34,327; 119,919; and 282,965 French tweets were extracted in the prelockdown, early lockdown, and mid to late lockdown periods, respectively, in China and France. Four categories of topics were discussed in a continuously evolving way in all three periods: epidemic news and everyday life, scientific information, public measures, and solidarity and encouragement. The most represented category over all periods in both countries was epidemic news and everyday life. Scientific information was far more discussed on Weibo than in French tweets. Misinformation circulated through social media in both countries; however, it was more concerned with the virus and epidemic in China, whereas it was more concerned with the lockdown measures in France. Regarding public measures, more criticisms were identified in French tweets than on Weibo. Advantages and data privacy concerns regarding tracing apps were also addressed in French tweets. All these differences were explained by the different uses of social media, the different timelines of the epidemic, and the different cultural contexts in these two countries. Conclusions This study is the first to compare the social media content in eastern and western countries during the unprecedented COVID-19 lockdown. Using general COVID-19–related social media data, our results describe common and different public reactions, behaviors, and concerns in China and France, even covering the topics identified in prior studies focusing on specific interests. We believe our study can help characterize country-specific public needs and appropriately address them during an outbreak.
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Célestin, Roger, Eliane DalMolin, and Christian Doumet. "French Theory Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow in France, The U.S., and China. Volume 1: France." Contemporary French and Francophone Studies 18, no. 1 (January 2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17409292.2014.882654.
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LIM, Yves-Heng. "The Three Myths of France's China Policy." East Asian Policy 06, no. 02 (April 2014): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930514000208.
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Visiting China for the first time in spring 2013, French President François Hollande reaffirmed France's commitment to a policy defined more than 15 years ago by the Jacques Chirac administration. The Paris' unshaken position towards Beijing is nonetheless puzzling. This “global strategic partnership” has incurred significant economic, ideational and political costs for France, while benefits have remained at best meagre and questionable.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "French France China"
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Peterson, Tracie Anne. "How China revolutionized France the evolution of an idea from the Jesuit figurists to the enlightenment Sinophiles and the consequences /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/t_peterson_021009.pdf.
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Dai, Dongmei. "La francophonie en Chine (1850-2000)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030083.
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L’histoire de la diffusion du français en Chine se trouve à la croisée de plusieurs axes de recherche féconds. Nous pouvons retenir, pour ne citer que les plus importants d’entre eux, l’histoire de l’ouverture chinoise, l’action culturelle française à l’étranger et l’histoire des relations culturelles. Celles-ci connaissent, depuis quelques temps, une réelle montée en puissance au sein des études internationales. La francophonie chinoise représente ainsi un regard, susceptible d’enrichir d’autres branches de la discipline, qui sont centrées traditionnellement sur les aspects politique et économique, et sur des pays en position de force. La diffusion du français en Chine est le fruit d’interactions des initiatives chinoises et françaises. Certes, les premiers cours de français ont été créés par les missionnaires au milieu du 19ème siècle. Mais les initiatives chinoises se sont multipliées et n’ont pas tardé à prendre de l’importance. En fait, le français a été lié au rêve du redressement national des Chinois dans les domaines militaire, économique, politique et culturel. Force est de constater que l’accès du français à l’enseignement supérieur s’est réalisé au début du 20ème siècle, grâce à des initiatives chinoises. En effet, Tongwen guan (École des Langues étrangères de la Capitale) a fusionné en 1902 avec Jingshi Daxuetang (Université de la Capitale qui deviendra Université de Beijing en 1912). L’action culturelle française a su se renouveler, grâce à un terrain chinois plutôt favorable. S’étendant sur cent ans sans discontinuité durant la période 1849-1949, elle couvrait des initiatives religieuses et laïques, limitées dans la quasi-totalité des cas au niveau primaire ou secondaire. Après une interruption de quelques décennies due notamment à la Guerre froide et à la Révolution culturelle, son retour sur le contient chinois a été rendu possible par l’ouverture de la Chine. En se basant désormais sur la réciprocité et en misant sur l’attrait de la France pour les étudiants chinois, les pouvoirs publics français intensifient les liens avec la Chine. Par ailleurs, ils s’appuient fortement sur l’Alliance Française qui, d’initiative de société civile, réalise une expansion rapide grâce à son ancrage local et à la diversification des destinations d’études des étudiants chinoisThe history of the spread of French in China finds itself at the intersection of multiple productive areas of research. To cite only the most important of them, consider the history of the opening-up of China, the overseas cultural action of France and the history of cultural relations. For some time now, these areas of research have been witnessing a true growth of strength within the field of international studies. As such, the francophony in China represents an area of inquiry which could contribute to enriching other branches of International Studies, which has traditionally been focused on the political and economic dimensions and on the nations in a position of power. The spread of French in China is the fruit of interaction between Chinese and French initiatives. Granted, the first French programs were created by French missionaries in the middle of the 19th century. Nevertheless, initiatives on the part of Chinese multiplied and soon made their importance felt. The French language had actually been bound up with the dream of Chinese of achieving national revival across the fields of military, economy, politics and culture. Indeed, highly noteworthy is the fact that thanks to the efforts of Chinese, higher education programs taught in French were made available as early as the beginning of the 20th century – the institution in question was Tongwen guan [Governmental School of Foreign Languages], which in its turn was merged into Jingshi Daxuetang [Imperial Capital University, predecessor of Peking University] in Beijing in 1902. Benefitting from a generally favorable environment in China, French cultural action kept renewing itself. Spanning 100 years without interruption over the period 1849-1949, it offered both religious and non-religious programs, restricted, however, almost entirely to primary and secondary education. After 1949 however, largely because of cold war and the Cultural Revolution gripping China in 1966-1975, such French initiatives were absent for several decades and did not make their come-back until the opening-up policy of China at the end of the 1970s. Henceforth, on the basis of reciprocity and leveraging the attractive force of France to Chinese college students, the French authorities have been deepening ties with China. At the same time, they rely heavily on l’Alliance Française, which has been expanding rapidly in China thanks to both its ability of adapting to local circumstances and the diversification of the overseas study destinations of Chinese college students
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Leung, Terence Man Tat. "French May '68, "China," and the dialectics of refusals in film and intellectual cultures since 1960s." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/94.
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One of the most fashionable impressions about the legacies of French May ’68 lurking in our capitalist society nowadays is perhaps the view that this historic episode has greatly inspired a chain of sexual liberations and anti-authoritarian lifestyle revolts within the realm of modern Western cultures. However, without actually questioning the ideological implications behind this liberal-libertarian ethos, the above convenient historical verdict may still help perpetuate the predominant logic of late capitalism and the concurrent status quo. Historically speaking, during the heyday of the worldwide leftist insurrections of the 1960s, the events of ’68 were never simply an isolated First-World phenomenon. Deeply entangled with the empirical lessons of the Maoist Cultural Revolution, May 68 in France has radically invoked and manifested many profound social queries and contestations against both the capitalist universality and the emerging Soviet revisionist thinking for two decades. In this dissertation, my primary research focus is precisely to call into question, through the optics of their inherent “Chinese connections,” the dominant narratives about the movements of May ’68 as merely a smoothening agent of massive “cultural reforms” in the capitalist West, instead of a continuous response toward the Maoist egalitarian principles that keeps incessantly catalyzing genuine political transformations in the sphere of global communitarian and quotidian practices. By analyzing and rehistoricizing a variety of cultural texts that include travel writings, memoirs, novels and films in relation to the subversive spirits of ’68, this study aims to reopen their heavily forsaken sociopolitical significances in order to recast some of the truly alternative historical imaginations of this epoch. Unlike the predominant methodologies of historiography and intellectual histories which usually marginalize cinematic texts as largely “illegitimate” data for the serious investigations of the sixties, this thesis particularly emphasizes the extensive study and critical reexamination of many insufficiently discussed or widely misinterpreted filmic representations of “China” that were produced by a large group of Western filmmakers such as Bertolucci, Godard, Antonioni, Casabianca, Viénet, and Yanne, under the adoptions of different art forms and genres between the 1960s and the 2000s. While the overreliance on European cinematic representations of China may potentially risk becoming a blind repetition of many contemporary capitalist stereotypes about the Maoist influences in May ’68 at the expense of those greatly innovative and dialectical Sino-Western encounters during the same period, this thesis also seeks to cautiously retain and reinscribe the latent heterogeneous, antagonistic, and historical Chinese characters long pertaining to the ensemble of the so-called “French Theory” advanced by Barthes, Kristeva, Lacan, and others since 1968, so as to retrieve certain unrealized revolutionary potentialities of the latter beyond the reigning ideological confines of neoliberalism today. I argue that this seemingly “redundant” or “generic” gesture of constantly delinking the multiple creative novelties adhering to the aforementioned Western cultural representations of “China” from the unique intellectual innovations of ’68 is highly crucial here, insofar as such excessiveness of negativity and refusal may nonetheless offer us a chance to persistently (re)search for some even better forms of emancipatory possibilities to come.
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Song, Xinzhe. "Geographical Indications : the Transplantation of the French/European Sui Generis Systems in China." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10036/document.
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Dans le cadre du débat sur la protection des indications géographiques (le choix entre système sui generis et système des marques), cette thèse vise à approfondir la réflexion sur le type de régime approprié aux besoins de la Chine. La question se pose : s'il est vrai que le système français et européen de protection sui generis des IG se base sur la notion de terroir, pourquoi ce type de protection a reçu un accueil assez froid de la part du gouvernement chinois, malgré le très grand nombre de « produits de terroir » qui se trouve dans ce pays ? Cette question nous amène à retracer l’histoire de l’émergence du système sui generis en Europe et sa transposition en Chine, à démontrer dans quelle mesure cette approche est appliquée en Chine, à illustrer le revers subi par la transposition, à analyser les raisons sous-jacentes à cet échec, et, enfin, à réfléchir aux options quant à l'avenir du système des IG en Chine. Nous proposons dès lors de réformer la législation chinoise, en privilégiant la protection sui generis, et en diminuant le rôle du système des marques dans la reconnaissance et la gestion des IGIn the context of the debate on approach towards geographical indication protection (the choice between sui generis or trademark regime), this thesis aims to deepen the reflection on what approach is needed for China. It asks one question: if it is true that the concept of terroir underpins the French and European sui generis regime of GIs, why does the sui generis regime, when transplanted in China, gets only a cold reception, despite of the fact that China is endowed with a large number of products with a strong tradition and anchored in the terroir of their place of origin? This question leads us to: retrace the history of how the notion of GIs, along with the sui generis laws governing them, emerged in Europe and was transplanted to China; demonstrate the extent to which the European approach is adopted in China, through conducting a comparative study of the laws in France, the EU and China; show the setback that the transplanted sui generis regime has suffered; analyze the reasons leading to this setback; and finally, loot at the option of the future of China’s sui generis regime. Our suggestion is that the status quo of the sui generis regime needs changing. China should give clear preference to the sui generis regime, as opposed to the regime of collective and certification marks
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Fan, Zhe. "Les représentations de la Chine dans la littérature française de la monarchie de Juillet au tournant du siècle." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30065.
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De la monarchie de Juillet au tournant du siècle, les représentations de la Chine connaissent un changement radical dans la littérature française. Elles oscillent entre l’image d’un empire décadent, et un univers merveilleux. D’une part, l’Empire du Milieu se rapproche soudain de l’opinion française par l’actualité guerrière. La Chine perd progressivement, durant la période, sa puissance politique. D’autre part, dans le domaine culturel et artistique, les représentations sont extrêmement diverses et contrastées: de l’omniprésence de ses objets précieux et luxueux, à la mise en œuvre des lieux connus de la Chine, jusqu’à la réjouissance d’accueillir la littérature chinoise classique à la fois dans le milieu littéraire par les écrivains et dans le milieu académique par les sinologues. Pourquoi cette contradiction dans les représentations d’un même pays ? Sur quels éléments les écrivains français ont-ils fondé leurs points de vue ?From the July monarchy to the turning point of the 20th century, the representations of China experience a radical change in the French literature. They oscillate between a decadent empire and a wonderful universe. On the one hand, the Middle Kingdom is suddenly closer to French opinion by the Warrior news. China has gradually lost his political power. On the other hand, in the cultural and artistic field, the representations are like a spiral wall: from the omnipresence of its precious and luxurious objects, to the notices of the well-known places of China, to the zest for classical Chinese literature both in literary writers and in academic Sinologists. What are the reasons for such contradiction in the representations of the same country? How has the French men of letters based their views?
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Tong, Le. "L'internationalisation des PME françaises en Chine-vue à travers des résultats d'enquêtes (2011 - 2012)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH059/document.
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Si le développement à l’international de certaines PME françaises sur le marché chinois a fait l’objet de nombreux reportages, et attire de plus en plus d’attentions du public ces dernières années, la situation globale de la présence de ce groupe d’entreprises de taille réduite en Chine reste méconnue. L’objet de cette étude est donc d’essayer de mettre au clair la situation de leur présence en Chine, et de proposer une approche globale pour comprendre l’internationalisation des PME françaises sur le marché chinois. Une attention particulière est portée au cadre théorique de PME, au travers de réflexions tout au long de cette recherche, cette étude essaie de proposer une nouvelle approche de la compréhension de la PME et ses démarches d’internationalisationWhile the international development of certain French SMEs in the Chinese market has been the subject of numerous reports and has attracted more and more attention from the public in recent years, the overall situation of the presence of this group of small and medium enterprises in China remains unrecognized. The aim of this study is therefore to try to clarify the situation of their presence in China and to propose a global approach to understand the internationalization of French SMEs in the Chinese market. Particular attention is paid to theories in SMEs, through reflections during this research, this study tries to propose a new approach to the understanding of SME and its procedures of internationalization
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Ma, Li. "Les représentations de l'art de gouverner chinois dans les périodiques de langue française de la seconde partie du XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30062.
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Le dix-huitième siècle ouvre une nouvelle ère dans l’histoire des échanges culturels franco-chinois. La Chine apparaît non seulement comme un pays mystérieux, qui inspire les auteurs de fiction, mais encore, aux yeux des philosophes, comme une nation qui mérite d’être étudiée. Cette étude porte sur un domaine jusqu’à présent peu exploré dans les travaux sur les échanges culturels entre la France et la Chine, à savoir la presse. Notre enquête se propose d’étudier les représentations de l’art de gouverner chinois dans les périodiques de langue française dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle et le rôle joué par ceux-ci dans la diffusion de représentations de la Chine dans la société françaiseThe eighteenth century opens a new era in the history of Franco-Chinese cultural exchanges. China appears not only as a mysterious country, which inspired the authors of fiction, but also, in the eyes of the philosophers, as a nation deserves to be studied. This study focuses on a field so far little discovered in the works on cultural exchanges between France and China, namely the press. Our investigation intends to consider the representations of the Chinese art of governing in French-language periodicals in the second half of the 18th century and the role played by them in the dissemination of representations of China in French society
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Tian, Weishuai. "L’Institut des Hautes Etudes Industrielles et Commerciales de Tianjin (Tientsin) : une institution missionnaire française en Chine, de 1923 à 1951." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040104.
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L’Institut des Hautes Etudes Industrielles et Commerciales de Tianjin, fondé en 1923 et dirigé par les jésuites français, est destiné à la jeunesse chinoise : leur fournir une formation professionnelle de haut niveau comme dans les établissements d’enseignement supérieur de l’Europe, et par eux gagner une bienveillance pour la mission catholique en Chine ; les autorités françaises, espérant distribuer l’influence française, subventionnent cette œuvre dès l’origine et la soutiennent en cas de besoin. L’Institut fut officiellement reconnu par le gouvernement chinois comme « Collège de Gong Shang » en 1933, et « Université de Jingu » en 1948. Il fut enfin nationalisé par le régime communiste en 1951. Cette thèse vise la fondation de l’Ecole, ses évolutions et ses développements dans les changements politiques et sociaux de la Chine moderne ; elle analyse ses rapports avec le monde catholique et les autorités chinoises et étrangères. Malgré une courte période d’existence, comment l’Ecole a écrit ses pages d’histoires ? Est-elle parvenue au but de sa fondation ? Et enfin, sa fermeture est-elle une histoire de héros ?Kung Shang University of Tianjin, founded in 1923 and directed by the Jesuits, was meant for Chinese youth: provide them with a vocational training of high level like in the educational establishments in Europe and through them gain some favour for the Catholic Mission in China; French authorities, hoping an expansion of the French influence, support this enterprise from the beginning and support it again whenever needed. The Institute was officially recognized by the Chinese Government as “Gongshang College” in 1933, and “Jingu University” in 1948. It was later nationalized by the Communist Regime in 1951. This thesis questions the foundation of this school, its evolution and developments in the context of the socio-political changes of Modern China. It analyses its interactions between the Catholic world and the political authorities, Chinese and Foreign. Within a short period of existence, how did the school write its pages of history? Which pages did it write? Has it reached out the purpose of its foundation? Lastly, its closure. A Hero’s story?
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Kern, Mary Elizabeth. "La France au carrefour des cultures divergentes." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1270566971.
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Holloway, Joshua T. "Help, Hinder, or Hesitate: American Nuclear Policy Toward the French and Chinese Nuclear Weapons Programs, 1961-1976." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1555692933625691.
Full textBooks on the topic "French France China"
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Lu, Tonglin. Rose and lotus: Narrative of desire in France and China. Albany, N.Y: State University of New York Press, 1990.
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Rose and lotus: Narrative of desire in France and China. Albany, N.Y: State University of New York Press, 1991.
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France and the exploitation of China, 1885-1901: A study in economic imperialism. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1989.
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Qinghua, Huang, ed. Faguo dui hua chuan jiao zheng ce: Qing mo wu kou tong shang he chuan jiao zi you (1842-1856). [China]: Zhongguo she hui ke xue Chu ban she, 1991.
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The wind from the east: French intellectuals, the cultural revolution, and the legacy of the 1960s. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2010.
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Museum, Ashmolean, ed. Eighteenth-century French porcelain in the Ashmolean Museum. Oxford: Ashmolean Museum, 1996.
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Gallais, Denis. La guerre des "Boxers": La Marine française dans l'expédition de Chine 1900-1901. Annecy-le-Vieux]: SRE-éditions, 2013.
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Li, Shenwen. Stratégies missionnaires des jésuites français en Nouvelle-France et en Chine au XVIIe siècle. Paris Laval: L'Harmattan Presses de l'Université Laval, 2001.
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Stratégies missionnaires des jésuites français en Nouvelle-France et en Chine au XVIIe siècle. [Sainte-Foy, Québec]: Presses de l'Université Laval, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "French France China"
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Mousnier, Roland, and Brian Pearce. "The Role of the Peasants in French Revolts as a Whole between 1624 and 1648." In Peasant Uprisings in Seventeenth-Century France, Russia and China, 32–52. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003194774-2.
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Börjesson, Mikael, and Pablo Lillo Cea. "World Class Universities, Rankings and the Global Space of International Students." In Evaluating Education: Normative Systems and Institutional Practices, 141–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7598-3_10.
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AbstractThe notion of World Class University suggests that this category of universities operates at a global and not national level. The rankings that have made this notion recognised are global in their scope, ranking universities on a worldwide scale and feed an audience from north to south, east to west. The very idea of ranking universities on such a scale, it is argued here, must be understood in relation to the increasing internationalisation and marketisation of higher education and the creation of a global market for higher education. More precisely, this contribution links the rankings of world class universities to the global space of international student flows. This space has three distinctive poles, a Pacific pole (with the US as the main country of destination and Asian countries as the most important suppliers of students), a Central European one (European countries of origin and destination) and a French/Iberian one (France and Spain as countries of destination with former colonies in Latin America and Africa as countries of origin). The three poles correspond to three different logics of recruitment: a market logic, a proximity logic and a colonial logic. It is argued that the Pacific/Market pole is the dominating pole in the space due to the high concentration of resources of different sorts, including economic, political, educational, scientific and not least, linguistic assets. This dominance is further enhanced by the international ranking. US universities dominate these to a degree that World Class Universities has become synonymous with the American research university. However, the competition has sharpened. And national actors such as China and India are investing heavily to challenge the American dominance. Also France and Germany, who are the dominant players at the dominated poles in the space, have launched initiative to ameliorate their position. In addition, we also witness a growing critique of the global rankings. One of the stakes is the value of national systems of higher education and the very definition of higher education.
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Skorupska, Adriana. "France." In The Role of Regions in EU-China Relations. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8142-517-9.06.
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The main objective of this chapter is to characterise the activities between French regions and Chinese provinces or cities – their intensity, scopes, advantages and obstacles. Besides, as the context for the paradiplomacy, a broader perspective is briefly introduced focusing on the bilateral state, economic and social relations. An important question arises as to whether the relations at the state level correlate with the relations at the lower, regional, level. Taking the broader perspective into account, it is worth evaluating how the EU-China relation and the internal situation of China influence paradiplomacy.
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Israeli, Raphael. "Consul de France in mid-nineteenth-century China." In The French and the Pacific World, 17th-19th Centuries, 209–41. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315239545-14.
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Bonin, Hubert. "China as a commercial target for France (1900–1914)." In French Banking and Entrepreneurialism in China and Hong Kong, 41–53. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265075-4.
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Desroches, Jean-Paul. "Beijing— Versailles: Relations between Qing Dynasty China and France." In The French and the Pacific World, 17th-19th Centuries, 197–208. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315239545-13.
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Araújo, Kathleen. "French Nuclear Energy: Concentrated Power." In Low Carbon Energy Transitions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199362554.003.0008.
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Nuclear energy is one of the most significant sources of low carbon energy in use in the power sector today. In 2013, nuclear energy represented roughly 11% of the global electricity supply, with growth projected to occur in China, India, and Russia (International Atomic Energy Agency [IAEA], n.d.a; NEA, n.d.). As a stable source of electricity, nuclear energy can be a stand-alone, base-load form of electricity or complement more variable forms of low carbon energy, like wind and solar power. Among the energy technologies considered here, nuclear energy is complex not only for the science behind it, but also for its societal, environmental, and economic dimensions.This chapter explores the rapid rise of French nuclear energy in the civilian power sector. It considers what a national energy strategy looks like under conditions of high concern about energy supply security when limited domestic energy resources appear to exist. The case reveals that centralized planning with complex and equally centralized technology can be quite conducive to rapid change. However, continued public acceptance, especially for nuclear energy, matters in the durability of such a pathway. France is a traditional and currently global leader in nuclear energy, ranking the highest among countries for its share of domestic electricity derived from nuclear power at 76% of total electricity in 2015 (IAEA, n.d.b). France is highly ranked for the size of its nuclear reactor fleet and amount of nuclear generation, second only to the United States. In 2016, this nation of 67 million people and economy of $2.7 trillion had 58 nuclear power reactors (CIA, n.d.; IAEA, n.d.b). Due to the level of nuclear energy in its power mix, France has some of the lowest carbon emissions per person for electricity (IEA, 2016a). France is also one of the largest net exporters of electricity in Europe, with 61.7 TWh exported (Réseau de Transport d’électricité [RTE], 2016), producing roughly $3.3 billion in annual revenue (World Nuclear Association [WNA], n.d). This European country has the largest reprocessing capacity for spent fuel, with roughly 17% of its electricity powered from recycled fuel (WNA, n.d.).
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Schopp, Susan E. "French Private Trade at Canton, 1698–1833." In The Private Side of the Canton Trade, 1700-1840. Hong Kong University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390939.003.0004.
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Private trade played a legitimate and important role in Sino-French trade at the very start, as members of the private sector to whom the Compagnie des Indes (French East India Company) leased its monopoly on a limited basis were responsible for carrying out the first two decades of France’s trade with China (1698-1719). Leasing ceased under the second Compagnie (1719-1769); during this era, private trade took the form of the port-permis (‘privilege trade’) and non-Europe (‘country’) trade.When the second Compagnie’s monopoly was suspended in 1769, a period of wholly private trade followed, marking the first time that a nation possessing an East India company abolished that company’s monopoly and opened commerce with China and elsewhere to the private sector. The large number of merchant voyages from France to Canton during this fifteen-year period (1770–1785) shows that private traders were well capable of taking advantage of the new opportunities that were offered. Although a third Compagnie was created in 1785, its abolition eight years later (1793) opened the door for all subsequent Sino-French trade to be conducted by persons in the private sector. Profiles of François and Edmond Rothe, Mr. Thimothée, Gilles Sebire, Julien Bourgogne, François Terrien, and Charles de Constant provide examples of the varied experiences of private traders; three of these individuals earlier served as Compagnie employees.
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Schopp, Susan E. "Introduction." In Sino-French Trade at Canton, 1698-1842, 1–6. Hong Kong University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528509.003.0001.
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In the era of the Canton Trade (c. 1700–1842), China was the source of products and commodities that were avidly sought after by international traders and consumers alike. France, which was home to one of the three major East India companies, was a key participant in this trade, as well as one of the the eighteenth century’s two most important Western powers. Yet the French remain surprisingly underrepresented in Canton Trade scholarship. To ignore the French, or to dismiss them as simply “also-rans,” results in a skewed perception of the Canton System, a full and accurate understanding of which requires that all participating nations and ethnicities be included. Drawing on sources from other East India companies and archives as well as from those of France, Sino-French Trade at Canton, 1698–1842 rescues the French from the shadows, presents considerable new findings and corrects a number of misconceptions, and also makes available in English a wealth of information that was previously accessible only in French.
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Schopp, Susan E. "A “Versailles of Trade”." In Sino-French Trade at Canton, 1698-1842, 25–40. Hong Kong University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888528509.003.0003.
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Chapter 2 examines the French East India Company model of Sino-European trade, with a particular emphasis on the features that distinguish it from the two other major models, the English and the Dutch. In France, not merchants but the state itself gave birth to the French East Company, once memorably described as a “Versailles of trade,” and the state continued to play a dominant role in the Company’s operations, exerting the power of approval over the Company’s decisions and issuing the edicts that established its policies. But the lure of private trade, and in particular, the appeal of the Chinese market, played a major role in hastening the demise of the company model, which from the mid-1700s was seen as increasingly obsolete in view of contemporary attitudes and conditions. The creation of the third French East India Company in 1785 after a fifteen-year period of private (open) trade was followed in 1790 by France’s opening her East India and China trade once more to the private sector, and this time it was definitive; the French East Company was permanently abolished in 1793, and for the rest of the Canton era, trade remained open.
Conference papers on the topic "French France China"
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Hauser, Danie`le, Ce´line Tison, Jean-Michel Lefe`vre, Juliette Lambin, Amiot Thierry, Lotfi Aouf, Fabrice Collard, and Patrick Castillan. "Measuring Ocean Waves From Space: Objectives and Characteristics of the China-France Oceanography SATellite (CFOSAT)." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20184.
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The Chinese and French Space Agencies are jointly preparing a satellite mission devoted to the monitoring of the ocean surface and related science and applications. This is the so-called “China France Oceanography SATellite” (CFOSAT), to be launched around 2013. This mission will provide simultaneous and collocated observations of wind at the ocean surface and spectral properties of surface ocean waves using two scatterometers, both in Ku-Band: SWIM for measurements of directional wave spectra and SCAT for wind vector measurements. The SWIM instrument will use a real aperture observation technique so as to avoid limitations encountered with SAR systems. This paper describes the main objectives and characteristics of the mission with a focus on the SWIM instrument designed and developed under French responsibility to measure directional spectra of ocean waves.
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Gros, Jean-Pierre. "Lessons Learned From the Operation of Large-Scale Reprocessing-Recycling Facilities in France: What Is in It for China?" In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-68004.
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AREVA has been running since decades nuclear reprocessing and recycling installations in France. Several industrial facilities have been built and used to this aim across the time. Following those decades and with the more and more precise monitoring of the impact of those installations, precise data and lessons-learned have been collected that can be used for the stakeholders of potential new facilities. China has expressed strong interest in building such facilities. As a matter of fact, the issue of accumulation of spent fuel is becoming serious in China and jeopardizes the operation of several nuclear power plants, through the running out of space of storage pools. Tomorrow, with the extremely high pace of nuclear development of China, accumulation of spent fuel will be unbearable. Building reprocessing and recycling installations takes time. A decision has to be taken so as to enable the responsible development of nuclear in China. Without a solution for the back end of its nuclear fuel cycle, the development of nuclear energy will face a wall. This is what the Chinese central government, through the action of its industrial CNNC, has well understood. Several years of negotiations have been held with AREVA. Everybody in the sector seems now convinced. However, now that the negotiation is coming to an end, an effort should be done towards all the stakeholders, sharing actual information from France’s reference facilities on: safety, security, mitigation measures for health protection (of the workers, of the public), mitigation measures for the protection of the environment. Most of this information is public, as France has since years promulgated a law on Nuclear transparency. China is also in need for more transparency, yet lacks means to access this public information, often in French language, so let’s open our books!
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Salha, Bernard, Bernard Fourest, and Jean-Marc Arpino. "EDF’s Engineering Experience and Contribution to the Nuclear Development." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22116.
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Electricite´ de France (EDF) is now operating 58 nuclear power units which produce 76% of the electri-city generated in France. This EDF’s industrial success is the result of its capacity to master and optimize its production tool, from design through operation. EDF’s integrated engineering is in the heart of this process of technical expertise and economic optimization. It allows to be in interface between the needs of operators and industrials suppliers, while accumulating a significant feedback of operating experience. The will of achieving the process of frenchifying PWR technology and to implement new industrial innovations have ended up in the new NPP of 100% french design, the N4 series and its significant innovations. EDF energy policy is to keep the nuclear option open for the future. This strategy results from the need to improve the availability and the life extension of the units in operation and to prepare the remplacement of the operating reactors around 2015. This is the objective of the European Pressurized Reactor (EPR), a French-German joint project. EDF is also applying this industrial process in its international projects. For example China, which desires to implement a standardized nuclear program and to move foward the complete autonomy of its nuclear industry, has decided to adopt a similar approach to EDF’s one.
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Gautier, Bernard, Mickael Cesbron, and Richard Tulinski. "AFCEN RCC-F: A New Standard for the Fire Protection Design of New Built Light Water Nuclear Power Plants." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81893.
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Fire hazard is an important issue for the safety of nuclear power plants: the main internal hazard in terms of frequency, and probably one the most significant with regards to the design costs. AFCEN is publishing in 2018 a new code for fire protection of new built PWR nuclear plants, so-called RCC-F. This code is an evolution of the former ETC-F code which has been applied to different EPR plants under construction (Flamanville 3 (FA3, France), Hinkley Point C (HPC, United Kingdom), Taïshan (TSN, China)). The RCC-F code presents significant enhancement and evolutions resulting from eight years of work by the AFCEN dedicated sub-committee, involving a panel of contributors from the nuclear field. It is now opened to any type of PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) type of nuclear power plants and not any longer limited to EPR (European Pressurized Reactor) plants. It can potentially be adapted to other light water concepts. Its objective is to help engineers design the fire prevention and protection scheme, systems and equipment with regards to the safety case and the defense in depth taking into account the French and European experience in the field. It deals also with the national regulations, with two appendices dedicated to French and British regulations respectively. The presentation gives an overview of the code specifications and focuses on the significant improvements.
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Wang, Zijian, Shanfang Huang, Xiaoyu Guo, and Kan Wang. "Public Acceptance of Spent Fuel Reprocessing Project." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67082.
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At present, there are hundreds of nuclear power plants in operation around the world. Anti-nuclear movements continue in many places, although the nuclear power plants have good operating records. It has some factors, and the first factor that the public knows little about nuclear industry, results in regarding the nuclear power plant mysterious. This condition relates to destructive scene by nuclear weapon with nuclear industry, deeming it unacceptable to take this risk. Secondly, construction of nuclear power plant and off site emergency may occupy large land. The public hopes to be rewarded more to offset the risk by their imagination. Last, it relates to the political environment of one country. Every country has its own situation, so the strategies of developing nuclear power plant are widely different. The public is not familiar with other nuclear engineering projects except nuclear power plants, and hence the boycott happens more frequently. Sino-French cooperation on nuclear fuel cycle project is the first large-scale commercial spent fuel reprocessing plant, which is the biggest cooperative project between China and France until now. AREVA is responsible for technology, and CNNC is responsible for building. Spent fuel reprocessing is the most important part of nuclear fuel cycle back end, which separates uranium and plutonium from spent fuel, and manufactures MOX fuel with recycled resources for using in nuclear reactor again. This will make the best use of the uranium resources. After that process, the fission products needed to be disposed reduce significantly. And it is good for environmental protection. The public protest happened in one of the candidate sites, when CNNC carried out the preliminary work of site selection. For meeting the enormous energy demands, the fossil energy may be exhausted in the future due to the greenhouse gases emission. Chinese government speeds up the development of new energy. Nuclear energy is the only technology with no emission of greenhouse gases and will be rapidly developed. Along with the nuclear power units continuing to increase, they become the critical factors in restricting the sustainable development of nuclear energy. That is efficient utilization of uranium resources, spent fuel intermediate storage, reprocessing, and geologic disposal of high level radioactive waste. To this project, it not only has a great current demand, but also closely relates to transition of energy structure. The public has different views in the project progressing, which results in wide concern and discussion. The article took this event for example, and analyzed the reason from all directions. Besides, the author put forward own views for the public acceptance events about nuclear engineering projects except nuclear power plant.
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Métais, Thomas, Stéphan Courtin, Manuela Triay, François Billon, Pascal Duranton, Rudy Briot, Florent Bridier, Cédric Gourdin, and Jean-Pascal Luciani. "An Assessment of the Safety Factors and Uncertainties in the Fatigue Rules of the RCC-M Code Through the Benchmark With the EN-13445-3 Standard." In ASME 2017 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2017-65397.
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The RCC-M code [1] is a well recognized international code and provides rules for the design and the construction of mechanical equipment for pressurized water reactors. It is used today for the nuclear industry exclusively, in countries such as France, South Africa and China and it is the basis for the design of the UK EPR to be built in Hinkley Point. The RCC-M code’s fatigue rules emanate from the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and are hence very similar, albeit they have evolved in their own way over time to include some R&D results and other evolutions. These rules are published by AFCEN which involves a wide range of international organizations from the nuclear industry such as Apave, Areva, Bureau Veritas, CEA, DCNS, EDF, EDF Energy, ONET-MHI, Rolls-Royce and Westinghouse. The EN-13445-3 [2] is a European standard which is mostly in use today in the conventional industry. Its fatigue rules are a compilation of rules from various national European codes, such as the German AD-Merkblatt, the British Standards, the Eurocodes for civil works and the French CODAP. The rules for fatigue are compiled in Chapters 17 and 18 of EN-13445-3 and have been the result of the work of contributors from major European organizations from the nuclear, oil and gas, chemical and mechanical industries: these include, among others, Areva, the Linde Group, CETIM, TÜV, and the TWI (The Welding Institute). Since the beginning of 2015, AFCEN has created a technical Working Group (WG) on the topic of fatigue with the objective of identifying the Safety Factors and Uncertainties in Fatigue analyses (SFUF) and of potentially proposing improvements in the existing fatigue rules of the code. Nevertheless, the explicit quantification of safety factors and uncertainties in fatigue is an extremely difficult task to perform for fatigue analyses without a comparison to the operating experience or in relation to another code or standard. Historically, the approach of the code in fatigue has indeed been to add conservatism at each step of the analyses which has resulted in a difficult quantification of the overall safety margin in the analyses. To fulfill its mission, the working group has deemed necessary to lead a benchmark with the EN-13445-3 standard given its wide use through other industries. Two cases were identified: either the comparison with EN-13445-3 is possible and in this case, the identification of safety factors and uncertainties is performed in relation to this standard; either the comparison is not possible, in which case the overall conservatism of the RCC-M code is evaluated in relation with operating experience, test results, literature, etc... This paper aims at describing the overall work of the group and focuses more specifically on the results obtained through the benchmark with the EN-13445-3 standard.
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Yan, Yuelan. "Concept of Standard System Based on China Current Nuclear Power Construction." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-30530.
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Since introduce different technical routes, during decades of nuclear power development in our country, the French RCC series standards, American ASME standards and Russian standards are adopted, which led to the current various standards exist in their own way. To promote the building of nuclear power standards system in China, in the year of 2012, important research subject “the research on the standard system of advanced nuclear power in China” has been carried out and subject “nuclear power construction and commissioning” is one of it.. By digestion and absorption of four oversea AP1000 units of Sanmen nuclear power plant in Zhejiang province and Haiyang nuclear power plant in Shandong province, the building of standard system during nuclear power construction suitable to our national condition is studied, including the system frame and composition standards, building standard system method during construction, namely through research and example to present what kind of standard system is suitable for China standard system during construction, and what kind of method or design is used to obtain and maintain such system. The thesis is to promote the subject research methods based on examples to build China’s nuclear power standard system.