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Bourguignon, Thomas. "The Anoplotermes group in French Guiana :systematics, diversity and ecology." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210132.
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Les termites forment un groupe animal important en milieu tropical, où leur richesse spécifique est plus élevée que dans n’importe quel autre écosystème. Ils se nourrissent de matière organique végétale à différent état de décomposition, du bois dur à la matière organique minérale du le sol. Cette diversification du régime alimentaire ne se produit que chez les Termitidae, parfois appelés « termites supérieurs », alors que les autres familles se nourrissent exclusivement de bois ou d’herbe. Les termites humivores sont extrêmement abondants en Amérique du Sud et en Afrique tropicale, mais sont relativement peu étudiés par rapport aux termites xylophages. C’est particulièrement vrai pour le groupe Anoplotermes, qui représente le groupe de termites le moins bien connu. Ce travail vise à faire la lumière sur l’écologie et la diversité de ce groupe strictement humivore, et comprend les sections suivantes :(1) Des échantillonnages standardisés dans sept sites de Guyane Française ont révèle, avec quelques exceptions, que les termites xylophages sont relativement peu spécialisés à un site. Au contraire, les espèces du groupe Anoplotermes, ainsi que les termites humivores en général, sont spécialisés à un type de forêt. Cette spécialisation contribue plus que probablement à la diversification écologique, et donc, à une augmentation de la richesse spécifique des termites humivores. (2) En utilisant les ratios d’isotopiques δ13C et δ15N, nous avons aussi trouvé qu’il existe une spécialisation des espèces le long d’un gradient d’humification chez le groupe Anoplotermes, de l’interface entre le bois pourri et le sol au sol pauvre en matière organique. Donc, au moins deux facteurs favorisent la richesse spécifique du groupe Anoplotermes dans le sol, malgré le manque d’évidence pour une séparation spatiale et temporelle entre les espèces. Cette spécialisation spécifique réduit la compétition interspécifique aux espèces se nourrissant de matière organique au même état de décomposition. (3) Ce mécanisme n’est probablement pas restreint aux espèces du groupe Anoplotermes et le ratio isotopique δ15N varie considérablement entre les termites humivores de manière générale. Les termites humivores comptent des espèces avec des régimes alimentaires différents ne partageant pas toujours les mêmes niches écologiques. Cette diversification du régime alimentaire ne c’est pas produit de manière aléatoire durant l’évolution des termites et les espèces proches tendent à se nourrir du même substrat. (4) Au niveau intraspécifique, il semble que la compétition contraigne la dynamique des colonies. En effet, chez A. banksi, nous avons trouvé que les nids matures sont surdispersés. Les nouveaux nids se trouvent principalement à une certaine distance des nids établis, plus particulièrement dans les trous laissés par les nids morts. Si ce patron est le résultat d’une sélection des sites de nidification, ou plutôt d’une exclusion compétitive reste sujet à discussion, mais met néanmoins en évidence la présence de compétition chez les termites humivores du groupe Anoplotermes. (5) Au vu de la richesse spécifique locale du groupe Anoplotermes, le nombre d’espèces décrites reste remarquablement bas. Après inspection du matériel type, seuls 30 espèces du groupe se sont avérés valides en Amérique du Sud, alors que 80% des espèces que nous avons collectées sont nouvelles pour la science. Cette disproportion entre ce qui est connu et la diversité réelle du groupe, met en évidence le besoin de réaliser des études supplémentaires pour améliorer la connaissance de ce groupe peu connu, le groupe Anoplotermes.Doctorat en Sciences
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Rochemont, Rita Devi Surya. "Insuffisance rénale terminale et maladies cardiovasculaires : le poids des maladies chroniques en Guyane The epidemiology of acute coronary syndromes in French Guiana The epidemiology and emergency care of stroke in French Guiana : a multicenter cohort study A prospective study of Health inequalities and the epidemiology of stroke in French Guiana End stage renal disease in French Guiana (data from R.E.I.N registry) : South American or French ? End stage renal disease as a symptom of health inequalities in French Guiana." Thesis, Guyane, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019YANE0012.
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Les maladies non transmissibles et chroniques, et notamment les maladies cardio-vasculaires sont une des principales causes de mortalité. De nombreuses études concernant la prévalence et facteurs de risques des maladies cardiovasculaires sont réalisées à travers le monde. En Guyane, l’accent est souvent porté sur les maladies tropicales et infectieuses dans un contexte amazonien qui fait l’originalité du territoire et permet de nombreuses publications dans le domaine. Cependant la transition épidémiologique est déjà bien entamée et les maladies cardiovasculaires constituent un problème de santé publique majeur en Guyane. Ainsi les accidents vasculaires cérébraux, les maladies coronariennes sont les principales causes de mortalité prématurée après les accidents. Comme ailleurs, l’insuffisance rénale chronique représente également un problème émergent en matière de santé publique en Guyane. Ce département français est complexe avec des populations d’origines diverses, venant souvent de pays pauvres et vivant dans des conditions difficiles, tout en bénéficiant du système de soins français. Il y existe cependant des inégalités de santé prononcées. Le diabète et l’hypertension artérielle sont deux facteurs de risque majeurs de ces complications cardiovasculaires, et sous-tendent la très forte incidence de l’insuffisance rénale chronique terminale. Afin de pallier au manque de données sur ces problèmes de santé en Guyane, ce travail propose d’étudier l’épidémiologie descriptive et analytique au travers des données du programme médicalisé des systèmes d’information (PMSI), des données de la cohorte prospective multicentrique INDIA et des données du registre sur l’insuffisance rénale chronique mis en place par l’Agence de Biomédecine. Les retombées de ces travaux pourraient aider à optimiser l’accès aux soins, à guider le dépistage et la prise en charge thérapeutique pour réduire la mortalité et l’invalidité qui résultent de ces pathologies.La présente thèse montre ainsi les particularités de l’épidémiologie de ces pathologies avec une forte incidence et une létalité élevée. Il montre qu’il existe des inégalités sociales de santé en Guyane, comme pour d’autres pathologies avec les plus vulnérables qui sont malades plus jeunes, avec des atteintes plus graves et un excès de mortalité. L’hypertension artérielle et le diabète sont des cibles d’intervention préventives, avec un effort tout particulier à faire pour atteindre les plus vulnérablesNon communicable chronic diseases, notably cardiovascular diseases are one of the main causes of death. Numerous studies have studied risk factors throughout the world. In French Guiana, most research themes focus on tropical infectious diseases. However, the epidemiologic transition is well underway, and cardiovascular diseases represent a major public health problem. Hence strokes and coronary syndrome are the main cause of premature death after accidents. As elsewhere, chronic renal failure also represents a rising problem in French Guiana. French Guiana is an overseas French Territory with a large Afro-caribbean population profile in terms of cultural and socioeconomic aspects with a French health system. Despite the universal healthcare system, there are frequent health inequalities. Diabetes and high blood pressure are 2 major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and for end stage renal failure. In order to alleviate the lack of epidemiologic data, the present work aims to describe the epidemiology of these diseases in French Guiana using different data sources: the hospital’s « programme médicalisé des systems d’information (PMSI) », the data from the INDIA prospective cohort a collaboration between the clinical investigation center in Cayenne and Dijon hospital, and data from the end stage renal disease registry. These results will hopefully help improve access to care, and reduce mortality.The present thesis thus shows the particularities of the epidemiology of these highly incident and fatal diseases. It also shows the importance of health inequalities in French Guiana, as for other diseases, the more vulnerable populations become sick younger, with more severe diseases, and more deaths. Hypertension and diabetes are prime targets for preventive interventions, with special efforts to reach the most vulnerable social groups
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Mason, Jon-Kris. "French language, and French manners, in eighteenth-century British literature." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.577523.
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Eighteenth-century social and political relationships between Britain and France have long enjoyed great scholarly interest, and the linguistic influence of French on English is being defined with increasing precision. Until now, however, there have been only brief stylistic considerations of the literary role played by French in eighteenth-century English prose literature. My thesis seeks to address that deficiency by investigating the literary usage and significance of French language in English literature. As the period is noted for the explosion of interest in language and its cultural ramifications; this study continuously considers the metonymical function of French usage as a signifier of broader social corollaries. This thesis attempts to forge a link between identifiable social attitudes and their incarnation in specific linguistic usage. I initially set out a context of opinion on French language and culture, and attitudes to borrowing and imitation, derived from journal, essay and treatise. Such a context demonstrates that France is unrivalled as the 'other' against which British identities were forged. Rates of lexical borrowing from French reached an historical low in the eighteenth century, and the proliferation of grammars and dictionaries bespoke a desire to define, limit, and control language. Yet the language of the developing novel, I argue, was inflected with French idiom, an idiom that offered a uniquely rich and potent strain of evocation and association. Writers of the novel, from Richardson and Smollett, to Brooke, and Burney, deploy French flexibly but with precision; each author exercises great control in borrowing idiom for purposes ranging from plot development and characterisation, to satire and pathos. My research explores those constructs, and because I found that the question of literary French usage is gendered, much of my thesis is structured along lines of gender. The letters of Lord Chesterfield, Samuel Johnson, and William Shenstone, Fanny Boscawen, Hannah More, and Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, form counterpoints to the novel, and establish areas both of commonality and divergence between French usage in the fictional and familiar prose of men and women. In its final chapter, this study turns explicitly to the wider social concerns underlying preceding discussions, viz. the significance of French usage to English manners and morals in the novels ranging from John Cleland's Fanny Hill to Charlotte Lennox's The Female Quixote. This thesis necessarily incorporates extensive but germane quotation, and embraces historical sociolinguistics, social history, stylistics, literary theory, and practical literary criticism. While this study cannot claim to be comprehensive, it seeks to open out a field of study hitherto neglected.
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Teichert, Holger. "Pollination biology of cantharophilous and melittophilous Annonaceae and Cyclanthaceae in French Guiana." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-63809.
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Cherrington, Emil. "Towards ecologically consistent remote sensing mapping of tree communities in French Guiana:." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-222860.
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Tropical forests, which provide important ecosystem functions and services, are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pressures. This has resulted in an urgent need to understand tree species diversity of those forests. Where knowledge of that diversity is largely from the botanical surveys and local ecological studies, data must inevitably be up-scaled from point observations to the landscape and regional level if a holistic perspective is required. This thesis explores aspects of the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of canopy reflectance patterns over the forests of French Guiana, in order to assess whether this information could help defining an ecologically consistent forest typology.
To gain insight into both the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of French Guiana’s forests, instrumental artefacts affecting the satellite data first had to be addressed. Data used in this study represent the spectral response of forest canopies, and the way in which such data are captured makes them susceptible to the ‘bi-directional reflectance distribution function’ (BRDF). BRDF indicates that objects do not reflect light in equal proportions in all directions (isotropically). Thus, forest canopies will reflect light anisotropically depending on factors including canopy roughness, leaf optical properties and inclination, and the position of the sun relative to the sensor. The second chapter of this thesis examines how BRDF affects the canopy reflectance of forests in French Guiana, and how not correcting for BRDF affects spectral classifications of those forests. When monthly reflectance data corrected for the artefact are examined, these suggest seasonally-occurring changes in forest structure or spectral properties of French Guiana’s forests.
The third chapter of this thesis thus examines temporal effects of BRDF, and used cross-regional comparisons and plot-level radiative transfer modelling to seek to understand the drivers of the monthly variation of the forests’ canopy reflectance. For the latter, the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative Transfer (DART) model was used along with aerial laser scanning (ALS) observations over different forest structures, indicating that the observed variation in reflectance (and derivatives known as vegetation indices) could not be explained by monthly variations in solar direction. At the regional scale, it was also demonstrated that forests in the Guiana Shield possess temporal variation distinct from forests in central Africa or northern Borneo, forests also lying just above the Equator. Had the observed temporal variation in vegetation indices been the result of BRDF, it would have been expected that the forests in the three zones would have similar patterns of variation, which they did not. Central African forests appear to have their greening synchronized with rainfall, whereas forests in the Guianas appear synchronized with the availability of solar radiation.
Further analysis of the vegetation index time-series of observations also indicated that different types of forests in French Guiana possess distinct patterns of temporal variation, suggesting that tropical forest types can be discriminated on the basis of their respective “temporal signatures.” That was exploited in the fourth chapter of the thesis, which maps forests in French Guiana based on their combined spatio-temporal canopy reflectance patterns and by so doing presents a novel way of addressing forest typology, based on ecologically meaningful information.
The thesis presented demonstrates that it is possible to adequately address remote sensing data artefacts to examine patterns of spatial and temporal variation in tropical forests. It has shown that phenological patterns of tropical rainforests can be deduced from remote sensing data, and that forest types can be mapped based on spatio-temporal canopy reflectance patterns. It is thus an important contribution to understand the ecology of tropical forests in French Guiana and to improve the toolbox of scientists dealing with the identification of spatio-temporal patterns observable in forests at the landscape level.
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Costa, Paulo Marcelo Cambraia da. "Em verdes labirintos: a construção social da fronteira franco-portuguesa (1760-1803)." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2018. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/21168.
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At the end of XVIII century on the frontier between the capitania of Grão-Pará and Guiana Francesa, the disputes between governments the Grão-Pará and Guiana Francesa for the maintenance and enlargement of their domains were intense, the territory located between Oiapoque and Araguari was the scene of those disputes. Although the portugueses authorities had other concerns with the region, because the runaway slaves and the mocambos formation closer the headwaters of Araguari river were considered uncontrollable by the portugueses governments. In those final seven hundred years the Portuguese colonial authorities were, mainly, worry with the news about the abolition of slavery in French colonies (1794) that could contaminate and motivate the escape of slaves from Grão- Pará. This survey deals essentially with the several aspects of frontier, the escape of slaves and mocambos training in the border region at Cabo Norte land among the years from 1760 to 1803
Nas décadas finais do século XVIII, na fronteira entre a capitania do Grão-Pará e a Guiana Francesa, as disputas entre os governos do Grão-Pará e da Guiana Francesa pela manutenção e alargamentos de seus domínios foram intensas. O território localizado entre os rios Oiapoque e Araguari foi o cenário daquelas disputas. Entretanto, as autoridades portuguesas tinham outras preocupações com a região, pois as fugas de escravizados e a formação de mocambos para junto das cabeceiras do rio Araguari eram consideradas incontroláveis pelos governantes portugueses. Naqueles anos finais dos setecentos, as autoridades coloniais portuguesas se preocupavam principalmente se as notícias da abolição da escravidão nas colônias francesas (1794) pudessem contagiar e motivar a fuga dos escravos do Grão-Pará. Este estudo trata essencialmente sobre as várias faces da fronteira, as fugas de escravizados e a formação de mocambos na região fronteiriça das terras do Cabo Norte, nos anos de 1760 a 1803
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Bailey, Lynn Marie. "An unusual diamond-bearing talc schist from the Dachine area of French Guiana." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ37937.pdf.
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Hentrich, Heiko. "The reproductive biology of euglossine-pollinated plants in the natural reserve Nouragues, French Guiana." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:289-vts-66181.
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Suttles, Virgil. "Developing cross-cultural fellowship within a multiethnic group of Christians in Cayenne, French Guiana." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1994. http://www.tren.com.
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Mackervoy, Susan Denise. "Schiller and French classical tragedy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357834.
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Armstrong, Robert A. "Gleanings in French Fields: A Formal Approach to the Translation of French Poetry." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1587646850156205.
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Imounga, Laure Manuella. "Contexte sanitaire et situation épidémiologique de la Guyane vis-à-vis des cancers : comparaisons infrarégionales, nationales, internationales et Spécificités Gastric cancer incidence and mortality in French Guiana: South American or French ? Incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in French Guiana: temporal and spatial trends." Thesis, Guyane, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020YANE0013.
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Cette étude avait pour but de connaître la situation épidémiologique de la Guyane vis-à-vis du cancer entre 2005 et de 2014 en termes d’incidence et de mortalité, d’étudier l’évolution de ces indicateurs, de les comparer avec premièrement avec ceux de la France hexagonale sur l’année 2012 afin de mettre en en exergue les spécificités de la Guyane et de comparer ensuite ces dernières avec les Antilles et les pays de l’Amérique latine. Les bases de données du Registre des Cancers de Guyane et du CépiDC-INSERM nous ont permis de comptabiliser 4392 cas nouveaux cas et 1305 décès par cancers survenus en Guyane entre 2005 et 2014 et de mettre en évidence une sur-incidence et une surmortalité masculines tous cancers confondus. Chez l’homme, les cancers les plus fréquents et les plus mortels sur la période 2005-2014, par ordre d’importance dans la mortalité sur la période d’étude étaient : la prostate, le poumon, l’estomac, le foie, le côlon-rectum ainsi que le pancréas. Chez la femme, il s’agissait des cancers du sein, du col de l’utérus, du côlon-rectum, du poumon, de l’ovaire ainsi que du cancer de l’estomac. L’analyse tous cancers a montré que la situation épidémiologique vis-à-vis du cancer entre 2005 et 2014 était globalement plus favorable en Guyane par rapport à celle de la France hexagonale en 2012 avec une sous-incidence et une sous-mortalité tous cancers. Toutefois, les cancers et les décès par cancers survenaient beaucoup plus tôt en Guyane avec des médianes d’âge au diagnostic et au décès globalement inférieures à celles de la France hexagonale. En outre, le sexe ratio homme/femme était semblable pour l’incidence dans les deux territoires comparés et inférieur en Guyane par rapport à l’Hexagone en termes de mortalité, soit un écart plus réduit entre les hommes et les femmes en Guyane qui suggère une situation sanitaire vis-à-vis des cancers chez les femmes de la Guyane plus défavorable par rapport à celles de l’Hexagone. Entre 2005 et 2014* (*2012 pour l’Hexagone), l’incidence tous cancers étaient en baisse chez l’homme et en légère hausse chez la femme dans les deux territoires. Sur ces mêmes périodes, la mortalité par cancer était en recul chez l’homme et en légère augmentation chez la femme en Guyane alors que l’incidence et la mortalité sont en baisse en France hexagonale. Certains cancers en Guyane étaient en hausse par rapport à l’Hexagone (poumon, côlon-rectum, sein, thyroïde, myélome multiple et plasmocytome).A travers l’analyse par principales localisations tumorales, nous avons pu montrer que la Guyane présentait d’énormes disparités communales d’une part et des spécificités par rapport à l’Hexagone, d’autre part, avec certains cancers sur-représentés en termes d’incidence et de mortalité (prostate, estomac, col de l’utérus, myélome multiple et plasmocytome avec une inversion du sexe ratio pour cette dernière localisation). L’analyse comparative de ces cancers entre la Guyane, les Antilles françaises et l’Amérique du sud a révélé des profils épidémiologiques similaires avec certains pays de l’Amérique latine notamment pour les cancers du col de l’utérus et de l’estomac.Ces spécificités reflètent les multiples particularités de la Guyane : jeunesse, inégalités sociales, composition ethnique, climat, plus grande sédentarité et obésité, moindre consommation d’alcool et de tabac, carences…autant de facteurs qui façonnent le risque de cancer. Cette étude cadre avec les exigences du Plan Cancer en vigueur en France depuis 2003 et ses résultats pourront servir à mettre en place des actions de prévention et de prise en charge thérapeutique des cancers en Guyane. Elle mérite d’être approfondie par des études sur le stade au diagnostic et la survie des cancers pour avoir un plus large panorama de la situation épidémiologique en GuyaneThe purpose of this study was to know the epidemiological situation of French Guiana with regard to cancer between 2005 and 2014 in terms of incidence and mortality, to study the evolution of these indicators, to compare them with those of mainland France for 2012 in order to highlight the specificities of French Guiana and then compare them with the Antilles and Latin America.The databases of the French Guiana Cancer Registry and CépiDC-INSERM identified 4,392 new cases and 1,305 cancer deaths in French Guiana between 2005 and 2014 and highlighted an excess incidence and mortality in men. The most frequent and fatal cancers in men over the 2005-2014 period, ranked by mortality were: prostate, lung, stomach, liver, colon-rectum and pancreas. In women, the most frequent and fatal cancers were breast, cervix, colon-rectum, lung, ovary, and cancer of the stomach.The analysis of incidence and mortality of all cancers showed that the epidemiological situation between 2005 and 2014 was more favorable overall in French Guiana than in mainland France in 2012. However, cancers and cancer deaths occur much earlier in French Guiana with younger median age of at diagnosis and at death than in France. In addition, the sex ratio was similar for incidence and lower in French Guiana than in France in terms of mortality, i.e. a smaller gap between men and women in French Guiana which suggests a more unfavorable situation among women in French Guiana than in France. Between 2005 and 2014 * (* 2012 for France), the incidence of all cancers declined in men and slightly increased in women in the two territories. Cancer mortality declined in men and slightly increased in women in French Guiana, while incidence and mortality both declined in mainland France. Certain cancers in French Guiana were on the rise compared to France (lung, colon-rectum, breast, thyroid, multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma).Through the spatial analyzes, we were able to show that French Guiana presented municipal disparities. In comparison with France, certain cancers were over-represented in terms of incidence and mortality (prostate, stomach, cervix, multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma with an inversion of the sex ratio for the latter location). The comparative analysis of these cancers with the West Indies and the countries of Latin America has shown similar epidemiological profiles according to the type of cancer and the region of the world considered. French Guiana often has a profile that resembles Latin America for cervical cancer and gastric cancer.These specificities reflect the many particularities of French Guiana: youth, social inequalities, ethnic composition, climate, greater sedentary lifestyle and obesity, lower consumption of alcohol and tobacco, deficiencies ... all factors that shape the risk of cancer.This study is in line with the requirements of the French Cancer Plan and its results could be used to implement actions for the prevention and therapeutic management of cancers in French Guiana. Further studies on the stage at diagnosis and survival of cancers seem important in order to have a broader overview of the epidemiological situation in French Guiana
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Stephens, Joanna. "Italo Calvino and French literary culture." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390390.
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Cox, Fiona Mairi. "Virgil's presence in twentieth century French literature." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296691.
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Mukhopadhyay, Indra Narayan. "Imperial Ellipses France, India, and the critical imagination /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1679371881&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Bazgan, Nicoleta. "Irresistibly French: Female Stardom And Frenchness." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1217959177.
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Shango, Lokoho Tumba. "Roman et écriture de l'espace en Afrique (noire) francophone." Villeneuve d'Ascq : Presses universitaires du Septentrion, 1998. http://books.google.com/books?id=sZxcAAAAMAAJ.
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Thamar, Maurice. "Les peines coloniales et l'expérience guyanaise." Petit-Bourg (Guadeloupe) : Ibis rouge éd, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37089259c.
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Durnin, Katherine Joanne. "Métis representations in English and French-Canadian literature." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ65030.pdf.
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L'Hostis, Aurelie Marie. "Literature and historical consciousness in the French Caribbean." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609280.
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Randall, Lesa Beth. "Representations of syphilis in sixteenth-century French literature." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/284029.
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Syphilis caused unprecedented terror as it rapidly spread through Western Europe at the onset of the sixteenth century. In France, a flourish of literary production specifically about syphilis provides an important record of various reactions to what constituted the first known experience of deadly disease, sexually transmitted. This dissertation examines three types of literary representations of syphilis in texts dating from 1500-1550, by authors as familiar as Rabelais and Jean LeMaire de Belges, in addition to many that remain anonymous. With a foundation of anthropological theories of sickness as danger and pollution, psychoanalytic theory is employed to elucidate the thought processes that led to the pervasive blaming and scapegoating of women, the most common social reaction to syphilis seen in this literature. Organization of texts on the same subject into separate units was achieved by considering the tone with which they deal with syphilis. Chapter One presents and analyses Le Triomphe de Treshaulte et Puissante Dame Verolle, the only known Renaissance compilation of texts about syphilis. Reliance on allegory and myth to explain the origins and causes of syphilis make this text a prime example of socially sanctioned literary reaction to the disease, clearly the most polite discourse found to date. Chapter Two examines the cornucopian representations of syphilis found in Rabelais. As a monk, physician and writer, Rabelais had a unique and varied perspective on the disease. His text imitates, reverses or mocks most common reactions to syphilis while advancing the important message of 'temperance in all things' that forms and informs his works. Twelve popular poems, mostly anonymous, are presented in Chapter Three. Analysis of vivid, realistic descriptions of loss associated with syphilis and a discourse of warning whose foundation rests on the denigration of women demonstrate that these texts were both cathartic and didactic. A compilation and translation of the works discussed in chapters one and three appear as special appendices, so that these cultural artifacts may be considered in future studies of social reaction to deadly, sexually transmitted disease in Renaissance France.
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Gilby, Emma. "Sublimity and selfhood in seventeenth-century French literature." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426498.
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Trotter, D. A. "Medieval French literature and the crusades : 1100-1300 /." Genève : [Paris] : Droz ; diff. Champion-Slatkine, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb34929503g.
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Payne, Robert Oliver. "Reimagining the family? : lesbian mothering in French literature." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/41211.
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In the last two decades, gay and lesbian parenting has emerged as a highly contentious subject in France. The creation of the Pacte Civil de Solidarité in 1999 and the legalization of same-sex marriage and adoption in 2013 testify to the evolution of gay and lesbian parenting from a hidden practice into a public matter. The growing visibility of gay and lesbian parenting has coincided with the emergence of lesbian mothering as a literary theme. While texts portraying lesbian mothers remain small in number, the fact that most were published after 2000 suggests their being on the rise. This thesis engages with this nascent branch of French literature, focusing on ten texts published between 1970 and 2013. It thus encompasses the period from the birth of the modern gay and lesbian movement until the adoption of same-sex marriage in France. It shows how the texts both reflect changes to the family and contribute to political and theoretical debates on gay and lesbian parenting and, more broadly, to the redefining of mothering and family in twentieth- and twenty-first-century France.
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Leneuve, Dorilas Malika. "Les facteurs de risque de la naissance prématurée en Guyane Française Rosk factors for premature birth in French Guiana: the importance of reducing health inegalities Predictive factors of preterms delivery in French Guiana for singleton pregnancies: definition and validation of a predictive score Risk Factors for Very Preterm Births in French Guiana : The Burden of Induced Preterm Birth African ancestry and the threshold defining preterm delivery: in French Guiana black babies born at 36 weeks are as vulnerable as white babies." Thesis, Guyane, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019YANE0003.
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Contexte et objectif : La Guyane Française, département-région d’outre-mer, compte près de 8 000 naissances par année.Depuis 1992, la proportion de naissances prématurées y est importante aux alentours de 13,5% ; soit presque le double de celle de la France (7%). Contrairement à la plupart des pays où une augmentation de la prématurité est observée, en Guyane, son taux est stable. Certes, on pourrait se satisfaire de cette non-augmentation, cependant, les décès liés à la périnatalité restent l’une des principales causes de mortalité prématurée dans ce département. Si en Guyane, le taux de prématurité n’augmente pas, il ne régresse pas non plus. Devant cette absence de régression, il semble important de comprendre les facteurs qui font qu’en Guyane, la prématurité reste si fréquente et si difficile à endiguer. Méthodologie : Ce travail de recherche se décline en quatre axes d'investigations : Une étude rétrospective descriptive, à partir des données du RIGI (Registre d’Issue de Grossesses Informatisé) 2013-2014 de 12 983 naissances viables du département. L’élaboration d’un score prédictif de prématurité à partir du RIGI 2013-2014, confronté aux données du RIGI 2015 de 6 914 naissances viables. Une étude étiologique cas-témoins de la grande prématurité, monocentrique, de Février 2016 à Janvier 2017 dans l’unique établissement de santé de type III de la Région. Enfin, l’analyse du terme moyen à la naissance et de la morbi-mortalité à partir du RIG (Registre d’Issue de Grossesses) 2002-2007 de 35 648 naissances viables et du RIGI 2013-2014. Résultats :Sur la période d’étude, la proportion de naissances prématurées était de 13,5% (1 755/12 983). La proportion de prématurité spontanée et induite était respectivement de 51,3% et 48,7% selon le RIGI 2013-2014.Plus de la moitié (57,2%) de la population d’étude bénéficiait de la sécurité sociale, néanmoins 9,3% (1 211/12 983) n’avait aucune couverture sociale. L’absence de couverture sociale représentait un facteur de risque de prématurité avec un OR ajusté de 1,9 IC à 95% [1,6-2,3] p=0,0001. De même, l’absence d’entretien prénatal tout comme celui de préparation à la naissance multiplieraient par deux le risque de naissance prématurée. D’autre part, le syndrome pré-éclamptique était la principale dysgravidie associée au risque de prématurité (OR ajusté de 6,7 [IC 95% =5,6-8,1] p=0,001). Enfin, l’hypothèse assez répandue, suggérant qu’une partie du taux de prématurité élevée serait liée du fait que les bébés « noirs » seraient plus matures et que les mères « noires » d’ascendance afro-caraibéenne accoucheraient physiologiquement plus tôt, ne ressortait pas dans nos analyses. En effet, il n’y avait pas de différence statistiquement significative de morbi-mortalité pour les nouveau-nés de mères d’origine afro-caribéennes et ceux de femmes caucasiennes.Conclusion : Les travaux réalisés ont retrouvé nombre de facteurs associés à la prématurité, pour certains déjà décrits par ailleurs. Bien qu’à l’échelle individuelle, il était impossible de prédire qui accoucherait prématurément, le poids des facteurs sociaux et du mauvais suivi de grossesse, suggéraient qu’une approche populationnelle pourrait être pertinente. Ainsi les femmes les plus vulnérables résidaient souvent dans des zones bien identifiées qui pourraient faire l’objet d’actions ciblées pour améliorer le suivi et dépister les complications. Cette problématique d’inégalités sociales de santé va bien au-delà de la prématurité et se retrouve pour presque toutes les pathologies, ce qui suggère qu’il y a des synergies à rechercher et que l’échelle populationnelle est sans doute stratégique. Le poids du syndrome pré-éclamptique comme facteur de risque de prématurité induite en Guyane pose question, il semble nettement plus important qu’ailleurs pour des raisons qui restent à éluciderContext and objective: French Guiana, an overseas department and region, has nearly 8,000 births per year.Since 1992, the proportion of premature births, although stable, has remained high at around 13.5%, almost double that of France (7%) (data from the Pregnancy Outcome Register and national perinatal survey). While in most countries we see an increase in prematurity, we could, wrongly, be satisfied with a non-increase in the prematurity rate that would reflect progress. However, deaths from perinatal causes remain one of the main causes of premature mortality in French Guiana and partly explain the gap with France in terms of life expectancy at birth.Given this lack of improvement in the prematurity rate, it seems important to better understand the factors that make prematurity so frequent and so difficult to control in French Guiana. The thesis focused on identifying the predictive factors of prematurity with the ultimate aim of contributing to improving the care of pregnant women and curbing the curve of the prematurity rate. Methodology: This research work is divided into 4 areas of investigation:- A descriptive retrospective study, based on data from the RIGI (Register of Computerized Pregnancy Outcomes) 2013-2014 of 12,983 viable births in the department,- The development of a predictive prematurity score from the 2013-2014 RIGI, compared to the 2015 RIGI data of 6,914 viable births,- A case-control etiological study of extreme prematurity, monocentric, from February 2016 to January 2017 in the only type III health-care institution in the French Guiana Region,- Analysis of the average term at birth and morbidity and mortality from the RIG (Register of Pregnancy Outcomes) 2002-2007 of 35,648 viable births and the RIGI 2013-2014.Results:Over the study period, the proportion of preterm births was 13.5% (1,755/12,983). The proportion of spontaneous prematurity was 51.3% , compared to 48.7% of induced prematurity. More than half (57.2% or 7 421/12 983) of the study population had social security, but 9.3% had no social security coverage. The lack of social security coverage was a risk factor for prematurity with an adjusted OR of 1.9 CI at 95% [1.6-2.3] p=0.0001. Similarly, with regard to pregnancy management, the absence of prenatal care as well as that of birth preparation would double the risk of premature birth. For pathologies associated with pregnancy, pre-eclampsia syndrome was the main dysgravidia associated with the risk of prematurity (OR adjusted by 6.7[95% CI =5.6-8.1] p=0.0001). Finally, the fairly common hypothesis that part of the high prematurity rate is related to the fact that black babies are more mature and black mothers give birth physiologically a little earlier did not emerge in our analyses. Indeed, there was no statistically significant difference in morbidity and mortality for infants born to Afro-Caribbean mothers and Caucasian women. Conclusion: The work carried out has identified many factors associated with prematurity, factors already described elsewhere. Although at the individual level it was impossible to predict who would give birth prematurely, the weight of social factors and poor follow-up suggested that a population-based approach might be appropriate. Thus, the most vulnerable women often reside in well-identified areas that could be the subject of targeted actions to improve follow-up and identify complications. This problem of social inequalities in health goes well beyond prematurity and is found for almost all pathologies, suggesting that there are synergies to be sought and that the population scale is undoubtedly strategic. The weight of preeclampsia as a risk factor for induced prematurity in French Guiana raises questions: indeed, it seems much more important than elsewhere for reasons that remain to be clarified
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Weitmann, Susan. "Tenebrous femme fatale : the making of the métisse in nineteenth-century metropolitan French literature." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/2147.
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This thesis examines representations of the ‘métisse’ in nineteenth-century metropolitan French literature to determine the figure’s function and significance in the texts that display her and the larger society that imagines her. By ‘métisse’, I refer specifically to a woman of ‘black’ and ‘white’ ‘racial’ mixture whose identity, in the context of the texts that figure her, both legitimates and deconstructs distinct and discrete ‘racial’ identity. As such, she is a useful figure through which to investigate and unpack conceptions of ‘race’. I will suggest that her innate performative ability – a product of her deceptively white exterior – demonstrates the discursive nature of identity that can be seen as constructed and parodied rather than as a simple ontological category. I use the term ‘tenebrous’ to describe the ‘métisse’ because it conjoins the two constitutive aspects of her signification – her ambiguity and her colour. Her fundamentally ambiguous identity is crucial to her figuration as an erotic and dangerous femme fatale. Unknowable and protean, she attracts and simultaneously disconcerts or terrifies her prey. Concurrently, the term ‘tenebrous’ highlights the explicit colouring of her body by all of the authors who imagine her so as to mark her as identifiably different, and to explain her essential bestial, primitive, and dangerous sexuality. This thesis locates the ‘métisse’ at the crossroads of discourses of race, class, gender, and sexuality. In an era when fears of personal and social degeneracy and decline were capturing the collective imagination, the ‘métisse’, as a figure of frightening alterity and deceptive similitude, embodies deviancy. Primarily portrayed as a natural courtesan due to her essential yet hidden ‘black’ blood, the ‘métisse’ attracts ‘white’ men with her seductive body, but her malign sexuality corrupts, dilutes, or kills them. Associated with the working-class, the prostitute, the criminal, and the savage, the ‘métisse’ fits into a larger discourse that seeks to postulate the normative identity of ‘white’, bourgeois masculinity. Her ability to dilute the ‘purity’ of her ‘white’ male victim articulates a general contemporary fear of pathological sexuality and, through it, invisible degeneration. Using the comparative framework of ‘case studies’, I will examine Eugène Sue’s Les Mystères de Paris, Émile Zola’s Thérèse Raquin, Arthur Gobineau’s Essai sur l’inégalité des races humaines, Pierre Loti’s Le Roman d’un spahi, a selection of poems from Charles Baudelaire’s Les Fleurs du Mal, as well as the critical and biographical studies centring around the figure of Jeanne Duval, Baudelaire’s long-time and muchmaligned ‘métisse’ partner. The wide variety of texts and the diverse list of authors will demonstrate the surprising currency of this literary figure in the collective imagination of nineteenth-century metropolitan France, as well as twentieth-century literary criticism. By focussing upon well-known and significant French authors, I will reexamine the cultural heritage to which these writers contributed with specific attention to the investigation of cultural assumptions, desires, and fears pivoting around the theme of mixed-race.
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Brovedan, Corinne. "Images of women in seventeenth-century French novels." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283299.
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Milligan, Jennifer E. "French women writers of the inter-war period." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319011.
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Diamond, Ariella. "Hindsight and sexuality in the French Lieutenant's Woman." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11947.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
The following thesis investigates the role of hindsight and sexuality in The French Lieutenant’s Woman by John Fowles. In this instance I look closely at the two main characters of the novel, namely Charles Smithson and Sarah Woodruff, and I show the varying levels of freedom that each character displays in a Victorian world.
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Kuhlman, Olivia. "Inequities of Contemporary French Women." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/60.
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This thesis is an analysis of the current situation of women in contemporary France. It analyzes the current situation of French women in education, the work force, politics, and French society, with the intent of uncovering the gender inequalities French women encounter in contemporary France.
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Dicks, Joseph. "A comparative study of the acquisition of French verb tense and aspect in early, middle, and late French immersion." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6736.
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In the present thesis, the interlanguage development of second language acquisition (SLA) was examined as it relates to students' French verb tense use in three program variants of French immersion: early French immersion (EFI), middle French immersion (MFI) and late French immersion (LFI). Verb tense is a crucial element of the French language and an area of considerable difficulty for students in French immersion (FI). The age at which the learners were first exposed to intensive amounts of French varied in each of these programs--5 years of age (Kindergarten) in the earliest starting program, EFI, 9 years (grade 4) in MFI, and 11 years (grade 6) in the latest starting program, LFI. Fourteen separate FI classes were studied: eight at grade 6 and six at grade 8. There were two classes per program at each grade level with the exception of grade 6 MFI where all four classes were involved. A major goal of this thesis was to study the issue of 'starting age' in SLA as it applies to intensive exposure to the second language (L2) in a school setting. Those who favour an early start argue that the larger number of cumulative hours of exposure to the L2 coupled with a 'natural process' of language acquisition produce better results. Those who prefer a later start claim that a 'natural process' of SLA need not be limited to younger learners, and that the older learner's advanced cognitive ability and first language literacy skills result in more rapid and efficient language learning. In general, the results of this research indicated that, regarding students use of basic French verb tenses, all three French immersion (FI) programs were working effectively as reflected in the superior performance by grade 8 students in all three programs on both tests. On the more analytic, written task two groups of later-starting students appeared to make fairly quick progress in some casesby the end of grade 6), and performed at a level which was closer to their earlier starting peers. Learner factors such as starting age (i.e., cognitive maturity and first language literacy), and second language fluency seem to interact with different pedagogical techniques to produce results which advantage late starting learners on more analytic tasks. Finally, the interlanguage analyses provided evidence that the passe compose and imparfait aspects of the written French past tense are extremely difficult for students in French immersion. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Yarrington, Jonna M. "Droits and Frontières: Sugar and the Edge of France, 1800-1860." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/316894.
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In the 1700s, French colonies in the Caribbean produced massive amounts of sugar cane for shipment exclusively to France. The French Revolution of 1789 precipitated long years of economic conflict between England and France, during which French scientists and entrepreneurs worked to develop technology and capital investment to produce sugar on the French mainland from European-grown beets. Economic and agricultural viability of mass production of beet sugar was established by 1812 and used to promote French autarky (self-sufficiency) in emerging ideologies of economic nationalism. Beet sugar's equivalence to cane sugar meant direct competition with colonial cane, marking a period of "conjunction," when questions of colonial belonging and rights to participation in markets were actively contested in Paris as debates over tariff and bounty legislation. New forms of symbolic inclusion and exclusion of French colonies were produced—with important results for the cane sugar complex, colonial producers, and the system of French trade relations. Guyane Française (French Guiana) provides the prime illustrative case of colonial changes due to the sugar conjunction. A colony in northeastern South America, Guyane had been claimed by France since the early seventeenth century, but remained sparsely populated and experienced relatively weak development of the cane sugar complex. Thus, during and following the sugar conjunction, the French moved to make the colony a place for exile of state prisoners, rather than continue to develop it for cane cultivation and sugar production. The first shipment of convicts—stripped of their French citizenship before departure—arrived in Guyane in 1852 as the first prisoners in the penal colony that would be come to be known around the world as Devil's Island.
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Coburn, Holtman Kris. "Complimenting by second language learners of French." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3177632.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of French & Italian Studies, 2005.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Dec. 8, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-05, Section: A, page: 1741. Chair: Albert Valdman.
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Carter, Elizabeth Lee. "Taming the Gypsy: How French Romantics Recaptured a Past." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13064929.
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In this dissertation, I examine the evolution of the Gypsy trope in Romantic French literature at a time when nostalgia became a powerful aesthetic and political tool used by varying sides of an ideological war. Long considered a transient outsider who did not view time or privilege the past in the same way Europeans did, the Gypsy, I argue, became a useful way for France's writers to contain and tame the transience they felt interrupted nostalgia's attempt to recapture a lost past.
My work specifically looks at the development of this trope within a thirty-year period that begins in 1823, just before Charles X became France's last Bourbon king, and ends just after Louis-Napoleon declared himself Emperor of France in 1852. Beginning with Quentin Durward (1823), Walter Scott's first historical novel about France, and the French novel that looked to it for inspiration, Victor Hugo's Notre-Dame de Paris (1831), I show how the Gypsy became a character that communicated a fear that France was recklessly forgetting and destroying the monuments and narratives that had long preserved its pre-revolutionary past. While these novels became models in how nostalgia could be deployed to seduce France back into a relationship with a particular past, I also look at how the Gypsy trope is transformed some fifteen years later when nostalgia for Napoleon nearly leads France into two international conflicts and eventually traps the French into what George Sand called a dangerous "bail avec le passé." In new readings of Prosper Mérimée's Carmen (1845) and George Sand's La Filleule (1853), I argue that both authors personify the dangers of recapturing the past, albeit in two very different ways. While Mérimée makes nostalgia and the Gypsy accomplices, George Sand gives France an admirable Gypsy heroine, a young woman who offers readers a way out of nostalgia's viscous circle. I conclude by arguing that nostalgia and this Romantic trope found their way back into France at the dawn of a new millennium, and the Gypsy has once again been typecast in art and politics as deviant for refusing to dwell in or on the past.Romance Languages and Literatures
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Borilot, Vanessa. "Feminine strategies of resistance comparative study of two XIXth century French literary pieces and two XXth century French Caribbean writings /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 111 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1885467531&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Hamilton, Juliet Elizabeth. "Representations of folly in late thirteenth century French literature." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323134.
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Kemp, Simon Robert. "Crime-fiction pastiche in late-twentieth-century French literature." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619787.
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Bisdorff, Claire Janine. "Essayer des mots : translating French and English Caribbean literature." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609255.
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Russell, Deirdre Doran. "Narrative identities in contemporary French autobiographical literature and film." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492087.
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This thesis uses concepts of narrative identity to assess the functions and characteristics of storytelling in the articulation of personal and cultural identity in four French literary and filmic autobiographical texts from the 1980s and 1990s: Azouz Begag's novel Le Gone du Chaäba (1986), Claire Denis' film Chocolat (1988), Annie Ernaux's book Journal du dehors (1993) and Dominique Cabrera's film Demain et encore demain (1998). Synthesising various accounts of narrative identity expounded by a range of philosophers, sociologists, psychologists and historians (including Paul Ricceur, David Carr, Jerome Bruner and Adriana Cavarero), the thesis argues that they offer a fruitful approach to autobiographical discourse in terms of the temporal configuration of lived experiences, the blend of historiographical and fictional modes and above all the intersubjective basis of autobiographical identity. The enquiry focuses on evaluating the texts' critical interrogations of the storytelling mode alongside their own uses of narrative. Structured in two parts, the analyses in Part I focus on textual narrative approaches to the intersections and tensions of contested myths and histories in the constitution of hybrid postcolonial identities. Chapter One argues that using a narrative approach to lives and selves to analyse Le Gone du Chaäba yields insights into the formation and expression of identities by individuals located between conflicting traditions and discourses. Chapter Two, on Chocolat, broaches similar territory, but with a greater emphasis on memory processes and the visual dynamics of identity. The analysis probes the film's depiction of the narrative underpinnings of imperialism and its remembrance, as well as how the text develops alternative narrative practices which undermine the totalising knowledge of History in favour of a subjective positioning which foregrounds its own European perspective and limitations. Part II shifts attention to two diaristic works as a means of assessing the validity of the concept of narrative identity regarding texts which appear to eschew the narrative form as the best means of representing lives. Chapter Three, examining Journal du dehors, contends that a spontaneous narrative impulse is crucial to the text's responses to everyday experience and urban public life, and is ultimately expressive of the author's autobiographical identity. Chapter Four focuses on the twofold narrativity of Demain et encore demain: that of living (during the filming), and that of textual revision (during the editing), arguing that the interplay of these two levels and mediation of documentary and fictional registers are central to the therapeutic value of the project. The thesis concludes that while the four texts share a certain scepticism regarding the ideological uses of narrative, they also all express desires to understand and articulate the narrative fabric of lives.
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Harris, Joseph. "Cross-dressing in seventeenth-century French literature and culture." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398507.
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Sund, Judy. "True to temperament : Van Gogh and French naturalist literature /." Cambridge : Cambridge university press, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37667623m.
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Tsaturyan, Christina Ann. "Sport as Art: The Female Athlete in French Literature." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2347.
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The modern conception of organized, codified sport originated in Europe during the 19th century. At this time, instructors began to institute the practice of certain physical activities at school as a means of teaching morals, forming character, and initiating social exchange. Sport is particularly appropriate for forming men because of its public, physical nature. The values it instills—courage, strength, leadership—are also decidedly masculine. What, then, is made of the female athlete? Are the noble qualities that sports affirm inapplicable to women? In this thesis, I argue that female participation in sports often leads to masculinization, unless the sport is transformed into a type of “art” or otherwise feminized by focusing on its ability to enhance feminine roles (e.g. mother). This aestheticization/feminization renders female participation acceptable and allows women to receive their own “formation,” increase their aristocratic elegance, and participate in important social exchange. Sometimes these results come at a cost, such as marginalization or sexualization, but there are far fewer examples of such in the works of female authors. Society generally renounced physicality during the 17th and 18th centuries, and “sport” was an exclusively noble activity, so I will look predominantly at works from the 19th century—the period in which sport became codified, and consequently, “masculinized.” Because the 19th century is often considered a “Renaissance of the Renaissance,” I will also reference the 16th century to set the stage.
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Ewart, Rebecca Elizabeth. "Translation, interpretation and otherness : Polynesia in French travel literature." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680152.
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This thesis seeks to explore French travel literature on Polynesia as a form of translation. It analyses how travel writers interpret and textualize their experiences of the foreign culture in order to create a version of Polyneslan otherness. Following on from Lawrence Venuti's theory of foreignization and domestication, it is assumed that all translations necessarily manipulate the source culture into forms that are determined by the receiving culture, and that fidelity to an original is, therefore, impossible. Ethical potential is considered to lie in a translation that goes against the norms of translation present In the receiving culture in respect of Polynesia. The thesis identifies the emergence of over-determined narratives relating to Polynesia in late eighteenth and mid-nineteenth-century French travel literature. It shows how this body of work engaged with pre-existing narratives surrounding New-World cultures and dreams of a utopian south em continent, and considers the emergence of a dominant version of Polynesia closely linked to notions of an earthly paradise. In relation to the tradition of translation established in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the thesis studies the translation strategies employed by Pierre Loti in 'Le Mariage de Loti' (1880) and Victor Segalen in 'Les Immemoriaux' (1907). It demonstrates their seminal status as works that set trends for translating Polynesia, in terms of both reinforcing translation norms and subverting them. Finally, the thesis investigates the afterlives of Loti and Segalen's texts, as they appear in operatic adaptations ('Lakme' (1883) and 'L'ile du reve' (189B)), translations Into English, twentieth-century travel literature (Loti), and in indigenous Polynesian writing (Segalen).
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LiBassi, Marguerite. "Specularity in Late Nineteenth-Century French Literature and Art." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2002. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/4.
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In the mid-to-late 1800s, French writers and artists resolved to shed their Romantic skins in favor of new self-conscious "husks"--to borrow Baudelaire's poetic term--that is to say: Naturalism, Realism, Impressionism and Symbolism. Some of the older reformers found themselves in an awkward, transitional stage contrary to the younger vanguardists who bore no allegiance to the past. The first group included Baudelaire, Flaubert, Courbet, Manet, Degas and Pissarro while the latter listed among its most successful members: Zola, Mallarmé, Huysmans, Morisot, Monet, Renoir and Cézanne. This thesis argues that specularity--a sort of mirror mimesis--was part of the fertile, artistic exchange between these representative writers and artists who shaped nineteenth century French literature and plastic arts during a period of turbulent social and political change. It is important not to conventionalize specular-mimesis into an automatic looking glass response between literature and art. Its primary function in this thesis is to single out, investigate and inter-relate literary and artistic chefs-d'oeuvre which, at times, bear remarkably similar hallmarks, for one reason or another. Given that cultivated conversation was highly esteemed by the Parisian bourgeoisie and held to be an elegant art form by salon and soirée intellectuals, four Dialogues constitute the internal structure of this paper. Each Dialogue is preceded by its own Cadre which serves to introduce and familiarize the reader, using a mise-en-scene framework, with background information that supports the discourse.
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Stoll, Jessica. "Imagining Troy : fictions of translation in medieval French literature." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/imagining-troy(85cde57d-20ef-452b-b079-7dce54c90ae8).html.
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Stories of the Trojan War and its aftermath are the oldest – apart from those in the Bible – to be retold in medieval literature. Between 1165-1450, they catch the imagination of French-language writers, who create histories in and for that burgeoning vernacular. These writers make Troy a place of origins for peoples and places across Europe. One way in which writers locate origins at Troy is through the device of translation. Geoffrey of Monmouth, Benoît de Sainte-Maure and the writers of the prose Troie, the Histoire Ancienne and the Roman de Perceforest all claim to have translated old texts; for Benoît and the prose Troie writers, this text is a Latin copy of an eyewitness account of the Trojan War. The writers thus connect their locations with Troy retroactively, in both space and time. Within this set of highly successful stories, writers’ presentations of translation therefore have important consequences for understanding what is at stake in medieval French textual production. Taking Derrida’s Monolinguisme de l’Autre as my theoretical starting point, this thesis sheds new light on medieval writers’ concepts of translation, creation and origins by asking two questions: • To what extent is translation considered integral to creation and textual production in medieval French texts? • Why does the conceit of translation from a lost source seem to shape narratives even when this source is a fiction? All these writers produce texts in French, or translate from that language, but these texts were written in geographically distinct areas: the Roman de Troie comes from Northern France, the prose Troy traditions are copied mainly in Italy, John Gower wrote in London, Christine de Pizan was at court in Paris and the extant Perceforest manuscripts were produced in Burgundy. The Trojan material therefore inspires writers throughout this period all over Western Europe.
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Lewis, Philippa Rhiannon Grodecka. "Imagining intimacy in French literature and culture, 1830-1870." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708630.
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Sinclair, Fionnùala Ealasaid. "Milk and blood : maternal frameworks in Old French literature." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26938.
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The thesis considers the depiction and function of maternal characters within late twelfth and thirteenth-century texts, a topos which varies according to genre. The main generic category of the study is that of the chanson de geste, with additional chapters on romance, and on didactic literature pertaining to women. The ideological constructs of contemporary religious and medical teachings on the feminine/maternal provide an introduction and a background to the study, while modern feminist theory is used as a methodological and critical approach. The first chapter examines the inherent ambiguity of didactic texts, including those by Etienne de Fougères, Raymond Llull and Philippe de Novarre. The prescription of a code of ideal female conduct is here implicitly and constantly undercut by the sexualisation of the female body through the very strategies of writing which would seek to contain it, a problem which appears notably in Robert de Blois' Chastoiement des Dames. The authoritative stance taken by these texts is haunted by a fear that the very prescription of an ideal of behaviour may be symptomatic of failure, a disquiet also given voice by the many negative examples they cite. A tension is thus produced between the projected containment of female sexuality and the intimation that didactic writing always, by form and by content, undercuts its own prescriptive enterprise. Chapter 2 studies the role of the mother in the romance, in particular Guillaume de Dole and La Manekine. These texts reflect the concerns of didactic literature in their emphasis on female chastity and fidelity. Chapters 3-5 then compare the depiction of maternal characters in the chanson de geste. Although chansons de geste (e.g. the Crusade Cycle and Berte as Grans Piés) and romance both appear to subscribe to an idealised and ideologically-conforming model of femininity, in the chanson de geste constructions of the maternal are often undercut by the narrative disquiet which these can produce.
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Harrington, Katharine N. "Writing outside the box : exploring a nomadic alternative in contemporary French and Francophone literature /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3174617.
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Emery, Meaghan Elizabeth. "Writing the fine line : rearticulating French National Identity in the divides. A cultural study of contemporary French narrative by Jewish, Beur, and Antillean authors /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1382548822.
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Ladouceur, Marlene. "Voices in French fiction a journey of self-discovery /." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2005. http://165.236.235.140/lib/MLadouceur2005.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Regis University, Denver, Colo., 2005.Title from PDF title page (viewed on Dec. 5, 2005). "Specialization: French literature." Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print (2006 printed on spine).