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Journal articles on the topic 'French immigrant'
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1
Boyd, Monica, and Xingshan Cao. "Immigrant Language Proficiency, Earnings, and Language Policies." Canadian Studies in Population 36, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2009): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6np62.
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This paper addresses two questions: 1) what are the impacts of language proficiency on the earnings of Canadian adult immigrants; 2) what are the current policy responses. Using a five-level scale of English/French language use, our analysis of Public Use Microdata File for the 2001 census confirms the positive association between proficiency in Canada’s charter language(s) and immigrant earnings. Compared to permanent residents who are highly proficient in English and/or French, those with lower levels of proficiency have lower weekly earnings. Quantile regressions reveal that the relative advantage of English/French language proficiency is higher for those in the top quarter of the earnings distribution; conversely, greater penalties exist for immigrants with low levels of language proficiency at the upper end of the earnings distribution. The likely impacts of federal policies on increasing English/French language proficiency of immigrant workers are discussed, focusing on two federal government initiatives for language training and two recent immigration policy changes.
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Onasch, Elizabeth. "Framing and Claiming “Gender Equality”: A Multi-level Analysis of the French Civic Integration Program." Gender & Society 34, no. 3 (May 18, 2020): 496–518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891243220916453.
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The recent construction of “gender equality” as a defining value of European societies has shaped the policy goals of immigrant integration programs. This focus on “gender equality” may function, paradoxically, to exclude immigrants, if immigrant integration policies rely on stereotypical representations of immigrants and fail to acknowledge the multiple, intersecting forms of inequality that immigrant women face. This article contributes to the critical scholarship on the role of “gender equality” in the field of immigrant integration policy by examining the framing of this concept in the policy documents and implementation of the French civic integration program. Using ethnographic observations and field interviews, I illustrate how frontline workers, many of whom were women of immigrant origin, interacted with participants to frame “gender equality” in exclusionary and inclusionary ways, and how “gender equality” functioned as a racial boundary within the program. The tensions in the discourses of frontline workers mirrored those of the political context in which the policy developed; they were constrained by a difference-blind ideology of French republicanism as they insisted on “gender equality” as the pathway to belonging in France.
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Binggeli, Steve, Franciska Krings, and Sabine Sczesny. "Perceived Competition Explains Regional Differences in the Stereotype Content of Immigrant Groups." Social Psychology 45, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000160.
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This research investigates differences in the stereotype content of immigrant groups between linguistic regions. We expected that immigrant groups who speak the local language of a specific linguistic region would be perceived as more competitive within this region than in another linguistic region. Further, we expected these differences would underlie regional differences in stereotype content, albeit only for the warmth dimension. Predictions were tested in the two largest linguistic regions of Switzerland. As expected, in the German-speaking region, locals perceived German immigrants as more competitive and thus as less warm, whereas in the French-speaking region, locals perceived French immigrants as more competitive and, consequently, as less warm. So, paradoxically, immigrants with strong integration potential are particularly disliked because they are regarded as direct competitors.
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Tang, Ning, and Colin MacDougall. "Mood Change of English, French and Chinese Immigrants in Ottawa-Gatineau Region, Canada." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v4i1.4711.
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This multicultural study aimed at examining moodchange of English, French and Chinese speaking immigrants in Ottawa-Gatineau Region, Canada, and identifying demographic factors that impact the change. 810 immigrants of English, French and Chinese speaking sub-groupswere recruited by purposive-sampling. Using self-reports, respondents answered questions regarding moodchange (moodstatus change and mood belief change) and demography in Multicultural Lifestyle Change Questionnaire of English, French or Chinese version. Data were analyzed statistically for the different immigrant sub-groups. Immigrants of different gender, language and category sub-groups exhibited different Mood Change Rates, Mood Improving Rates,Mood Declining Rates and MoodBelief Change Rates. There was no statistical difference between the ratesof immigrant sub-groups.Mood Change (MoodStatus Change + MoodBelief Change) was correlated positively with Mother Tongue and negatively with Speaking Languages. Mood Status Change was negatively correlated with Marital Status and Highest Level of Education. Mother Tongue, Speaking Languages and Highest Level of Education significantly impacted MoodChange (Mood Status Change + Mood Belief Change). Marital Status and Highest Level of Education significantly influenced Mood Status Change. Immigrants of different sub-groups in Canada experienceddifferentmoodchanges. Marital Status and Highest Level of Educationwerethe main factors impacting Mood Status Change. Mother Tongue and Speaking Languages werethe principal factors influencing Mood Belief Change. Culture was an important factor contributing Mood Change. Acculturation could impact Mood Status Change and Mood Belief Change. Data of immigrant mood change can provide evidence for health policy-making and policy-revising in Canada.
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Tang, Ning, and Colin MacDougall. "Mood Change of English, French and Chinese Immigrants in Ottawa-Gatineau Region, Canada." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v4i1.4711.
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This multicultural study aimed at examining moodchange of English, French and Chinese speaking immigrants in Ottawa-Gatineau Region, Canada, and identifying demographic factors that impact the change. 810 immigrants of English, French and Chinese speaking sub-groupswere recruited by purposive-sampling. Using self-reports, respondents answered questions regarding moodchange (moodstatus change and mood belief change) and demography in Multicultural Lifestyle Change Questionnaire of English, French or Chinese version. Data were analyzed statistically for the different immigrant sub-groups. Immigrants of different gender, language and category sub-groups exhibited different Mood Change Rates, Mood Improving Rates,Mood Declining Rates and MoodBelief Change Rates. There was no statistical difference between the ratesof immigrant sub-groups.Mood Change (MoodStatus Change + MoodBelief Change) was correlated positively with Mother Tongue and negatively with Speaking Languages. Mood Status Change was negatively correlated with Marital Status and Highest Level of Education. Mother Tongue, Speaking Languages and Highest Level of Education significantly impacted MoodChange (Mood Status Change + Mood Belief Change). Marital Status and Highest Level of Education significantly influenced Mood Status Change. Immigrants of different sub-groups in Canada experienceddifferentmoodchanges. Marital Status and Highest Level of Educationwerethe main factors impacting Mood Status Change. Mother Tongue and Speaking Languages werethe principal factors influencing Mood Belief Change. Culture was an important factor contributing Mood Change. Acculturation could impact Mood Status Change and Mood Belief Change. Data of immigrant mood change can provide evidence for health policy-making and policy-revising in Canada.
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Bierwirth, Chris. "French Interests in the Levant and Their Impact on French Immigrant Policy in West Africa." Itinerario 26, no. 1 (March 2002): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115300004927.
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Prior to the Second World War, the French government had been highhanded in its administration of the Levantine Mandates and severe in the treatment of Levantine immigrants in its West African colonies. This imperious behaviour would change abruptly in 1944. As part of their effort to rebuild French power, General Charles de Gaulle and the Comité Français de la Liberation Nationak (CFLN) sought to maintain France's longstanding position of diplomatic and cultural influence in the Levant, even after promising Lebanese and Syrian independence. With this in mind, French authorities grew more sensitive to the immigrant connection between Damascus and Dakar. In particular, the CFLN began to understand that complaints by Levantine immigrants in Afrique Occidentale Française (AOF) regarding their treatment by colonial officials had immediate repercussions on the French ‘mission’ in Syria and Lebanon. As a result, in the last year of the war – and at the direct instigation of the CFLN's representative in the Levant – sweeping policy changes were instituted to mitigate the treatment of Levantine immigrants in West Africa in order to restore France's prestige and position in the Middle East.
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Greenwood, Michael J., and Paul A. Young. "Geographically Indirect Immigration to Canada: Description and Analysis." International Migration Review 31, no. 1 (March 1997): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791839703100103.
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This article is concerned with geographically indirect immigration to Canada over the period 1968–1988. A geographically indirect immigrant is an individual legally admitted to Canada whose country of last permanent residence differs from country of birth. Records maintained by Employment and Immigration Canada on every immigrant legally admitted over the period were used in the study. Relative to geographically direct immigrants, geographically indirect immigrants tend to be older, more educated, and more highly skilled. Moreover, if they were not born in an English or French speaking country, indirect immigrants are more likely to speak English and/or French capably than direct migrants born in such countries. The study also contains bivariate logit estimates of a model of geographically indirect Canadian immigration. This model suggests that indirect migrants tend to be influenced by personal characteristics (age, sex, marital status, occupation, language ability), as well as by various characteristics of the country of birth (distance from Canada, income level, political conditions).
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Seblini, Nour. "Game of hypocrites: Beurs break silence in Faïza Guène’s Kiffe kiffe demain." French Cultural Studies 30, no. 4 (October 12, 2019): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155819861039.
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This article analyses the cultural crisis of beur youth by calling attention, in Faïza Guène’s novel, Kiffe kiffe demain (2004), to how Maghrebi immigrants as well as the French state attempt to manipulate young bodies and minds. The struggle that underlies the narrative is an exploitation of Islam within France’s Moroccan immigrant community to preserve honneur at the immigrant community level, while enjoying bonheur at the individual level. As religion is used to subjugate the younger generation, Islam loses credibility in the eyes of beurs. I also seek to explore how la laïcité of French culture marginalises individuals who do not accept assimilation into a superior racist system that is based on an exclusionary notion of citizenship. Who falls victim in the end? It is the young beur, who cannot tolerate the extremism of either French Orientalist views or their parents’ Occidentalist views.
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Mady, Callie. "Examining immigrants’ English and French proficiency in French immersion." Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 3, no. 2 (October 2, 2015): 268–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jicb.3.2.05mad.
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Demographic changes in the Canadian population have also brought a more diverse community of learners to French immersion programs. This study responds to the changes in the immersion student population by comparing the French and English proficiency of three groups: Canadian-born English-speaking students, Canadian-born multilingual students and immigrant multilingual students in Grade 6 early French immersion. The quantitative data from English and French tests showed that the immigrant group outperformed the Canadian-born English speaking and the Canadian-born multilingual groups on French proficiency measures of reading, writing, and speaking, whereas there were no significant differences among the groups on the English test components.
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Perrot, Jeanne, Jean-François Hamel, Antoine Lamer, and Mathieu Levaillant. "The Relationship between the Immigrant Rate and Health Status in the General Population in France." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11070627.
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Mostly studied at the individual level, the analysis of immigrants’ health status at a populational level may provide a different perspective to investigate, including social determinants as part of the explanation of the relationship between them and health status in France. We analyzed freely accessible databases curated by French public bodies. The dependent variables were death rate and mean age at death. Immigrant rate and covariates associated with either of the outcomes were explored in univariate and multivariate models. Linear models were used to explain the mean age at death, whereas tobit models were used to explain the death rate. The immigrant rate varied markedly from one department to another, as did healthcare accessibility, population’s age profile, and economic covariates. Considering univariate models, almost all the studied covariates were significantly associated with comes. The immigrant rate was associated with a lower death rate and a lower age at death. In multivariate models, the immigrant rate was no longer associated with age at death but was still negatively associated with the death rate. In France, the departments with a higher proportion of immigrants were those with a lower death rate, possibly because immigrants are attracted to economically thriving areas.
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ROYO, JOSÉ ANTONIO MATEOS. "Fiscal state, regional institutions and foreign migratory policy in times of decline: French immigrants in Aragon, 1635–1697." Continuity and Change 28, no. 3 (November 27, 2013): 347–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416013000386.
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This study examines the policies applied to French immigrants in Aragon between 1635 and 1697, a period of economic decline and constant conflict between Spain and France. The commercial and tax measures imposed by the Spanish monarchy on French immigrants to support the war effort were opposed and constrained by Aragonese institutions, such as the Diputación or the Corte del Justicia de Aragón. After a period of debate the Aragonese Parliament developed an autonomous policy towards the end of the seventeenth century. In the interests of the Aragonese economy and elites, restrictions on migrants were lowered and revised, until they focused mainly on merchants. This legislation allowed immigrant flows to continue, but it could not counteract the decline of economic opportunities for the French in Aragon.
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Verhaeren, Raphaël-Emmanuel. "The Role of Foreign Workers in the Seasonal Fluctuations of the French Economy." International Migration Review 20, no. 4 (December 1986): 856–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838602000407.
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The few studies which have been carried out on foreign seasonal workers in France, only take into account the annual inflows of seasonal immigrants. This present article covers two other aspects of the problem: the seasonal nature of immigration in general, and above all the role of permanent immigrant workers in certain sectors influenced by seasonal changes.
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Weise, David R., Thomas Arciszewski, Jean-François Verlhiac, Tom Pyszczynski, and Jeff Greenberg. "Terror Management and Attitudes Toward Immigrants." European Psychologist 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000056.
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Previous terror management theory research has shown that mortality salience (MS; a death reminder) leads to the derogation of those who are perceived to be threats to or violators of one’s cultural worldview. Immigrants may be viewed as such a threat, but not necessarily to all majority group members of the culture. The studies presented here tested the hypothesis that, depending upon the nature of the participants’ worldview, MS would either increase or decrease liking of an immigrant. After being reminded of their mortality or a control topic, French and American college students evaluated an immigrant. To assess differences in worldview, participants completed a measure of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA). Consistent across two studies, MS led to more negative evaluations of an immigrant among those high in RWA, but more positive evaluations for those low in RWA. Discussion focuses on the implications of these findings for understanding the interplay of mortality concerns and RWA in determining attitudes toward immigrants.
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Tal, Yuval. "The “Latin” Melting Pot." French Historical Studies 44, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 85–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00161071-8725865.
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AbstractThis article explores how, through discussions about immigrant assimilation in fin de siècle Algeria, French republicans contemplated and wrote into law the ethnic traits of French national identity. Republicans assumed that the North Mediterranean immigrants who settled in Algeria shared ethnic origins with French settlers and consequently asserted that France should work to “fuse” the two groups. Assertions about immigrants' ethnicity took different forms. In the colony they appeared either at the margins of colonial administrators' attacks against immigrant communal organization or in literary representations of French-Mediterranean fusion. In the metropole republican legislators portrayed immigrants as innately prone to becoming French and thus supported the 1889 nationality law that naturalized them. The passing of the 1889 law prompted the creation of an explicitly ethnorepublican assimilatory model. The model's proponents combined sociological and eugenicist principles to both socialize immigrants into the nation and promote the transfer of their Mediterranean “vigor” into French bodies.Cet article examine les efforts des intellectuels et des dirigeants républicains pour assimiler les immigrés européens en Algérie à la fin du dix-neuvième siècle. Il affirme que les identités communautaires et la prépondérance démographique des immigrés ont poussé l'élite républicaine à envisager leur capacité ethnique à s'assimiler à la société française, et montre que l'idée que les Français et les immigrés avaient la même origine ethnique a façonné les débats sur l'assimilation nationale et a influencé la formation des lois républicaines fondamentales. En Algérie, des affirmations à propos de l'identité ethnique des immigrés européens apparaissaient en marge des discussions politiques sur leur organisation communautaire et dans les romans des écrivains algérianistes. En métropole, des législateurs républicains supposaient que la « ressemblance ethnique » entre Français et immigrés assurait l'assimilation rapide de ces derniers et ils ont soutenu la loi de 1889 sur la nationalité qui les a naturalisés. A l'issue de la législation de 1889, une vision de fusionnement des colons français et des membres de la « race méditerranéenne » en Algérie s'est développée. Ses partisans ont combiné des principes sociologiques avec des principes eugéniques dans le but d'incorporer les immigrés européens dans la nation et de faire transporter leur « vigueur » dans les corps des Français.
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Shmelev, Dmitry. "Muslim Immigration to France in the 20th Century: Causes, Cycles, Problems." ISTORIYA 12, no. 5 (103) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840015636-8.
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The article devoted to the problem of Muslim immigration in France in the 20th century. The focus is on the causes of Muslim immigration, its cycles, specificity and consequences for modern French society. Based on a comparison of various statistical data, it stated that Muslim immigration is an integral part of three large waves of immigration flows that took place from the end of the 19th to the end of the 20th centuries. The article notes the correlation of the number of Muslim immigrants in France with the global numbers of immigrant arrivals to the country. However, if in the first two waves their number depended on the economic needs of the French economy (Muslims came to earn money), then during the third wave other factors came into play — the creation of stable communities, family reunification, going on stage second and third generations of immigrants, social problems of their arrangement and adaptation to French legal norms and customs. The article notes the specificity of the geographical concentration of the Muslim population, which takes place either near large industrial centers and cities (which makes it easier to find work and social protection), or in places of proximity to their native countries (southern France). Special attention paid to the problem of the evolution of state policy in the admission and integration of immigrants, when various methods tired from assimilation, the adoption of quotas to the policy of flexible regulation of immigration and expulsion of illegal immigrants from the country. The article analyzes the position of the Muslim community in France, the role of Muslim associations in its life, the impact on the socio-cultural life of the French. It can stated that Islam has become the second religion in France, which determines its position — a stable presence in socio-economic life (employment, the spread of the social protection system to immigrants), political (the right to vote, the possibility of creating associations, manifestations), religious (the possibility of worship), cultural (the formation of a specific immigrant subculture).
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Bousmah, Ibrahim, and Gilles Grenier. "Immigrant linguistic integration in the multilingual context of Montreal." Language Problems and Language Planning 45, no. 1 (July 12, 2021): 80–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.20020.gre.
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Abstract We investigate the relative intensity of use of English and French at home for allophone immigrants in the Montreal metropolitan area. We find that the linguistic distances between immigrants’ mother tongues and English and French have an important impact on the relative intensities of use at home of the two Canadian official languages. However, immigrants whose mother tongues are closer to French than to English are relatively less likely to use an official language at home. We further investigate the role of spousal and other characteristics on the integration of immigrants. The results suggest that the home environment is an important factor contributing to the linguistic integration. Individuals exposed to an official language at home with their spouse have significantly higher rates of linguistic integration. Also, English is more attractive than French in the sense that immigrants with an Anglophone partner will have higher integration rates to English than those with a Francophone partner integrating to French.
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Makropoulos, Josée. "Jacqueline Lindenfeld, The French in the United States: An ethnographic study. Westport, Conn.: Bergin & Garvey, 2000. Pp. xiv + 184. Hb $55.00." Language in Society 31, no. 1 (January 2002): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404502291058.
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The French in the United States offers valuable insight on processes of identity formation among French-born individuals living permanently in the US. The book's title foreshadows the ambiguity of how the French in America are defined in objective terms, as well as their subject positioning as members of an ethnic group. For instance, Lindenfeld cautions against relying on the criterion of ancestry used in census-based rankings to study the French presence in the United States, since census identification includes people of various national origins and does not distinguish the number of intervening generations since departure from France. The limitations of the native use of the French language as a valid indicator of direct French origin neglects the fact that native speakers of French who reside in the US often possess Canadian or Caribbean lineage. Although Lindenfeld does not say so directly, relying on native use of French to identify direct immigrants from France would equally exclude the possibility of identifying French citizens who do not speak French as their first language, as well as those who were raised speaking two or more languages. Another concern raised in the book is the broad significance of the label “French American,” traditionally used to identify Americans of French ancestry, such as Cajuns in Louisiana. The designation currently enjoys a certain popularity among French immigrants because it offers a direct parallel with other immigrant groups, such as Italian Americans.
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Lavoie, Nathalie, and Pierre Serré. "Du vote bloc au vote social: le cas des citoyens issus de l'immigration de Montréal, 1995-1996." Canadian Journal of Political Science 35, no. 1 (March 2002): 49–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423902778177.
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Following the Quebec referendum on sovereignty-association in 1995, many political observers assumed that immigrant voters would support the federalist option, and that only a minority among them would vote for the Parti Québécois option. However, in view of the considerable changes in the linguistic integration of immigrants over the last 20 years, their electoral behaviour might vary. Focusing on a survey in Spring 1996, the authors confirm the existence of a greater pluralism among immigrant voters. Moreover, the data emphasize factors in favour of a social vote among those citizens, especially in the Montreal region. Diversification of electoral choice is supported by the percentage of those who learned French and who identified themselves as Quebeckers.
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Caron, Louise. "An Intergenerational Perspective on (Re)migration: Return and Onward Mobility Intentions across Immigrant Generations." International Migration Review 54, no. 3 (December 13, 2019): 820–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918319885646.
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This article compares the prevalence and determinants of international mobility intentions across immigrant generations (G1, G1.5, G2, and G2.5), using French survey data. Two types of migration intentions are analyzed: (a) return to the (parents’) origin country and (b) onward migration to a third country. Results highlight migration intentions’ intergenerational variation and underlying logics. The probability to state return intentions is larger for G1 yet surprisingly similar to the stated return intentions for G2. By contrast, G2.5 (one immigrant and one French native parent) stand out as they are primarily characterized by onward migration intentions and are significantly less likely to consider “returning” to their sole immigrant parents’ origin country. Echoing the conceptual framework of “reactive transnationalism” or “reactive ethnicity,” the specific determinant of G2 return intentions appears to be their perception of discrimination. These findings show the value of (a) disaggregating the traditional first versus second generation dichotomy to understand the complexity of migration intentions and (b) including countries other than the parental homeland when studying second-generation transnational practices. More broadly, the article contributes to a better understanding of integration mechanisms by using migration intentions not only as proxies for population movements but also as a valuable framework providing empirical insights into immigrants’ personal relationship to both the country of residence and expected destination.
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Pasamonik, Barbara. "Kultura i ekonomia w procesie integracji muzułmanów europejskich." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 54, no. 3 (August 20, 2010): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2010.54.3.8.
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The clash between the West and Islam in Western Europe has a double character: religious and sexual. A new World Value Survey shows that we differ extremely in attitudes toward gender equality and sexual liberalization. The sexual clash of civilizations appears not only inside the societies receiving immigrants but also within the immigrant societies and through immigrants’ children. The West and Islam are not monolithic opposite sides of conflict — Europeans and Muslims express a wide spectrum of attitudes on moral issues. Europeans and Muslims want democracy, but the Muslims want sharia as a source of legislation too. The clash of cultures in Europe is provoked by economic recession. The clash of values between the second and the third immigrant generations, and between man and woman is especially pronounced in French Muslim suburbs. Unemployed fathers have lost their position to “older brothers”, who imposed the specific “macho-culture” oppressive to young women, which are perceived to be too liberal.
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UNDERWOOD, NICK. "Aron Beckerman's City of Light: writing French history and defining immigrant Jewish space in interwar Paris." Urban History 43, no. 4 (October 9, 2015): 618–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096392681500084x.
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ABSTRACT:This article examines the writing of a little-known, but prolific interwar immigrant eastern European Parisian Yiddish writer, Aron Beckerman, to demonstrate how Yiddish journalism played a pivotal role in defining Paris as a simultaneously French and Jewish space to immigrant Jews living in the city. Engaging urban historical theory on the communal-building effect that public space can have, this article argues that within Beckerman's writings on Paris – its history and specific places within the city – we see a Paris emerge that details a universalist republican identity, which, when read through a Jewish lens, leads simultaneously to a particular immigrant, Yiddish-speaking, leftist Jewish understanding of what it meant to be ‘French’.
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Richard, Jean-Luc. "Unemployment of people of foreign origin in France: The role of discrimination." Canadian Studies in Population 40, no. 1-2 (May 24, 2013): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25336/p6zw3s.
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This article has two primary objectives: (1) to understand the relationship between the origins of the children of immigrants and the likelihood of unemployment; and (2) to examine the possible role of discrimination in the likelihood of unemployment. The French Permanent Demographic Sample (EDP, a longitudinal database maintained by INSEE, which is the French equivalent of the English Longitudinal Survey) permits the study young foreign-born people who grew up in France and young people of foreign-origin who were born in France. The EDP is a census-based panel survey that, on average, comprises a 1 per cent sample of all immigrant groups. It contains information on a person’s nationality relative to his/her labour market position. According to most academics, it also contains valuable socio-demographic and socio-economic information on parents and their sons and daughters. The data registry was created in 1967 and includes data from the 1968, 1975, 1982, 1990, and 1999 censuses. The interest in individual trajectories requires us to consider the relations between personal labour market situations and the acquisition of French nationality. This relation must be analyzed in light of the population which consists of those children who, since childhood, have been in a position to acquire French citizenship. Although gaining citizenship is usually regarded as an important sign of civic and political assimilation among immigrants, it can also be seen as a factor in their economic assimilation. French nationality makes it easier for young immigrants to get jobs. It is better to be a young Algerian or Moroccan with French nationality than to be a young Algerian or Moroccan who does not have French nationality.
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Neto, FéLix. "SOCIAL ADAPTATION DIFFICULTIES OF ADOLESCENTS WITH IMMIGRANT BACKGROUNDS." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 30, no. 4 (January 1, 2002): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2002.30.4.335.
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This paper examines the social adaptation among Portuguese youth born in France. The study sample consisted of one hundred and nine Portuguese second generation migrants resident in Paris (34% male and 66% female). The following instruments were administered to all subjects: the Social Adaptation Scale, the Acculturation Attitudes Scales, the Acculturative Experience Scale, the Cultural Maintenance Scale, the Acculturative Stress Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, the Self-Esteem Scale, as well as a background inventory. No gender, age or religion participation differences were found, but there were significant effects on social adaptation with ethnic identity, migratory plans and acculturation attitudes. The greatest amount of social difficulty was experienced by adolescents who endorsed a separatist position, the least by assimilated respondents – however, there were no other significant differences among the four groups. Social adaptation showed negative correlation with French acculturation experience, French language competency, satisfaction in the host society, satisfaction with life and self-esteem and positive correlation with Portuguese cultural maintenance and acculturative stress. Social learning variables, such as French language competency and Portuguese cultural maintenance, were stronger predictors of social adaptation than were psychological adaptation variables.
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Jolly, Seth K., and Gerald M. DiGiusto. "Xenophobia and immigrant contact: French public attitudes toward immigration." Social Science Journal 51, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 464–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2013.09.018.
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Lanfranchi, Pierre, and Alfred Wahl. "The immigrant as hero: Kopa, Mekloufi and French football." International Journal of the History of Sport 13, no. 1 (March 1996): 114–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09523369608713928.
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Dublin, Thomas, Felix Albert, and Arthur L. Eno. "Immigrant Odyssey: A French-Canadian Habitant in New England." New England Quarterly 64, no. 3 (September 1991): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/366357.
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Some-Guiebre, Esther. "Mainstreaming English Language Learners: Does It Promote or Hinder Literacy Development?" English Language Teaching 9, no. 1 (December 2, 2015): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v9n1p33.
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<p>This study examines the interaction between African immigrant students and their mainstream teachers. I am particularly interested in the influence of classroom practices on the literacy development of Francophone African immigrant children in the U.S. classroom. The student participants in this study (two French speaking African students) were all permanent residents in the United States. They were all born and schooled in their home countries and were fluent in French (the language of instruction in their home countries). Since their immigration to the U.S. with their parents, the children have been confronted to several linguistic, social, cultural, and economic challenges that slowed down their academic progress and achievement. This paper uses Krashen’s (2005) discussion on language acquisition to argue that specific classroom practices can hinder the literacy development of immigrant children. The data used for this discussion was collected through the observation of a 5<sup>th</sup> grade classroom, informal conversations with two French speaking African students and interviews with their mainstream teacher as well as their English as a Second Language (ESL) teachers.</p>
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Lewis-Beck, Michael S., and Daniel S. Morey. "The French “Petit Oui”: The Maastricht Treaty and the French Voting Agenda." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 38, no. 1 (July 2007): 65–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh.2007.38.1.65.
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Despite expectations of a landslide, the French public barely approved the Maastricht Treaty in 1992. Traditional explanations for the surprise outcome that rely on socioeconomic conditions, partisanship, regional characteristics, and domestic issues are inadequate. Analysis based largely on the French National Election Study of 1995 shows that the voters were largely concerned with foreign policy. Citizens who were friendly to Germany and supportive of the European Union greatly favored the treaty. French nationalists and those possessed of strong anti-immigrant sentiment were vehemently against it. These disparate views, united in their concern about the sovereignty of France, dominated the Maastricht vote and appear to have persisted in the European Union Constitutional referendum of 2005.
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Cecillon, Jack. "The World of Jules Robinet." Ontario History 110, no. 1 (April 6, 2018): 9–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1044324ar.
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In the 1880s, the southwestern region of Ontario, including Essex County and Pelee Island, became home to a series of pioneering winemakers. While the story of the winemakers of Pelee Island has been told, far less has been written about the vineyards of the Windsor border region. Jules Robinet, emerged as a successful winemaker at the turn of the 20th century after a series of hardships wiped out most of his competition. In time, Robinet`s business flourished with the enactment of Prohibition laws in Canada and the United States. An immigrant from Rougemont, France, Robinet served as a key link in the migration chain of French labourers and grape growers who settled in and around the Town of Sandwich. For French immigrants, he emerged as an employer, business associate, and advocate for the community that found its roots in the very same region of France.
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Kim, Sookkyong. "A Study on the French Immigrant Integration Policy through MIPEX." Journal of Social Science 31, no. 4 (October 31, 2020): 181–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.16881/jss.2020.10.31.4.181.
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Hargreaves, Alec G. "Introduction: Still French?" Nottingham French Studies 54, no. 3 (December 2015): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/nfs.2015.0123.
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In a provocative 1985 cover story featuring the face of Marianne obscured by an Islamic veil, Le Figaro magazine asked: ‘Serons-nous encore français dans 30 ans?’ With those thirty years now spanned, where does France stand in relation to the fears, challenges and opportunities associated with changing perceptions of ethnic and cultural diversity? Where do the most significant challenges to ‘Frenchness’ now lie? In Islamism? In the disadvantaged multi-ethnic banlieues? In European integration? In American hegemony? Is ‘Frenchness’ itself, championed by political elites under the banner of ‘l'exception culturelle’, an outmoded concept, destined to wither in the face of transnational forces? In addressing these questions, contributors to this special issue of Nottingham French Studies suggest that while French political and intellectual elites have generally been reluctant to embrace change, the participation of immigrant minorities in the life of the nation has been accepted more readily in fields of popular culture such as cinema and sport.
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Chachashvili-Bolotin, Svetlana, and Sabina Lissitsa. "Enrollment in Religious Schools and the Educational Achievements of Children of High-Skill Immigrants." International Migration Review 52, no. 1 (March 2018): 183–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imre.12266.
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The present study examines the effect of studying in schools of different levels of religiosity on academic achievements of first- and second- generation immigrant students from English-, Spanish-, and French-speaking countries in Israel. The sample included 52,043 students who completed twelfth grade in 2011. The findings of the Israeli case study indicate that choice of school based on religiosity interferes with the educational achievements of immigrant students. In spite of high socio-economic background of immigrant students, those who were enrolled in religious schools were less likely to earn matriculation certificates, as compared to those attending other types of schools.
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Roebroeck, Elodie, and Serge Guimond. "Schooling, Citizen-Making, and Anti-Immigrant Prejudice in France." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 3, no. 2 (October 26, 2015): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v3i2.391.
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Are schools an effective institution to build citizenship and to transmit values associated with a given citizenship regime? A survey of 300 middle and high school pupils showed that for pupils, the representation of the French citizenship model is structured in two dimensions, ‘republican citizenship’ (or colorblind equality) and ‘new laïcité’ (or secularism), replicating previous research among adults. Moreover, the results support the schools’ effectiveness in the transmission of republican values by showing that in the mainstream track, older high school pupils endorse more strongly than younger school pupils both the principle of republican citizenship and new laïcité. The fact that this is not the case for pupils in a professional track suggests that these results are not simply a question of age but of schooling. Finally, support is found for a theoretical model suggesting that these two principles of the French citizenship model mediate the effect of schooling on prejudice. The implications of these results for current theories of intergroup relations are discussed.
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Berger, Thor, and Per Engzell. "American geography of opportunity reveals European origins." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 13 (March 5, 2019): 6045–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1810893116.
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A large literature documents how intergenerational mobility—the degree to which (dis)advantage is passed on from parents to children—varies across and within countries. Less is known about the origin or persistence of such differences. We show that US areas populated by descendants to European immigrants have similar levels of income equality and mobility as the countries their forebears came from: highest in areas dominated by descendants to Scandinavian and German immigrants, lower in places with French or Italian heritage, and lower still in areas with British roots. Similar variation in mobility is found for the black population and when analyzing causal place effects, suggesting that mobility differences arise at the community level and extend beyond descendants of European immigrant groups. Our findings indicate that the geography of US opportunity may have deeper historical roots than previously recognized.
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Lacoste, Yannick, Kelsey Needham Dancause, Justine Gosselin-Gagne, and Tegwen Gadais. "Physical Activity Among Immigrant Children: A Systematic Review." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 17, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1047–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2019-0272.
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Background: The health benefits of physical activity (PA) for children are well documented. However, little is known about PA patterns among immigrant children. Methods: The authors reviewed research on PA patterns of immigrant children. The inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed articles published from January 2010 to May 2018 in English, French, or Spanish that included primary-school-aged (6–12 y) children, and data on immigration status. Results: A total of 11 articles were included in the analyses. These studies revealed a deficit of PA among immigrant children. Immigration status (immigrant or nonimmigrant) and generation of immigration (first, second, and third), ethnic origin, and gender were associated with PA patterns. In general, PA levels were lower among first-generation immigrant children, children of Hispanic and East Asian origin, and girls. The results suggest that questionnaire measures might be biased or inaccurate among immigrant children, highlighting the need for the integration of mixed methods (objective and subjective measures). Conclusions: A large proportion of children do not meet PA guidelines, and this might be more problematic for immigrant children. Future studies incorporating time since immigration, comparative analyses on gender, sociocultural and socioeconomic characteristics, and mixed methodology could provide a more complete portrait of PA patterns and opportunities for immigrant children.
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Schiller, Maria, Julia Martínez-Ariño, and Mireia Bolíbar. "A relational approach to local immigrant policy-making: collaboration with immigrant advocacy bodies in French and German cities." Ethnic and Racial Studies 43, no. 11 (March 25, 2020): 2041–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2020.1738524.
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Lo, T. Wing, Dennis S. W. Wong, and Stephen K. Ma. "Supportive services for immigrant youths in Hong Kong." International Social Work 48, no. 4 (July 2005): 441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872805053468.
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English Programmes for disadvantaged youths have become a priority of the youth centres in Hong Kong. This article introduces the psychosocial problems encountered by immigrant youths and the kinds of supportive services provided to them. It concludes that they are satisfied with the services and have also experienced personal growth. French Des programmes visant les jeunes désavantagés sont devenus prioritaires pour les centres de jeunesse à Hong Kong. Cet article décrit les problèmes psychosociaux vécus par des jeunes immigrants et les types de services de soutien qui leur sont destinés. Il constate la satisfaction de ces jeunes des services reçus, ceux-ci ayant contribué à leur développement personnel. Spanish Los programas para jóvenes en desventaja han llegado a ser una prioridad en los centros juveniles de Hong Kong. Este arti¨culo aborda los problemas psicosociales detectados entre los jóvenes inmigrantes y el tipo de servicios de apoyo que se les han brindado. Se concluye que esta¨n satisfechos con dichos servicios y que incluso han experimentado un crecimiento personal.
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Gaspar Galán, Antonio. "Le discours institutionnel sur la migration*: la destruction du camp de migrants de la Lande à Calais." Çédille, no. 18 (2020): 489–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.cedille.2020.18.20.
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This article analyses the institutional political discourse on the demolition of the Lande immigrant camp in Calais. In March 2016, several months before the destruction of the camp, the French government created a specific website dedi-cated to Calais, managed by the Ministry of the Interior. The institutional commu-nication system consisted of official speeches, press releases and reports written by an anonymous journalist. The French government, while destroying the camp, talked about the protection of migrants and described the dismantling as a hu-manitarian action. Our article looks at strategies for building a discourse made up of a hundred texts. The analysis shows that the discourse is based on the topics of transparency and trust, classifies the immigrant community to point out those re-sponsible for the social situation, and uses the resource of fear to legitimise the destructive actions carried out.
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Neveu, Erik. "Trend Report: The Contentious French." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 7, no. 3 (October 1, 2002): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.7.3.884q162027u25668.
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Anglophone scholars often miss the important contributions to social movement studies by French researchers. This is especially true since the early nineties when numerous books and articles presented findings that are highly relevant to the international community of social movement researchers. Although the variety of fieldwork, topics, and approaches challenges efforts to synthesize, this report organizes recent trends in French social movement research by four thematic groupings: (1) the question of violence—its demise as a repertoire and the "civilizing of policing"; (2) changes in activism and militant behaviors—which focuses on new styles of commitment; (3) new social movements—referring less to a perspective than to movement types, such as immigrant, expert, and transnational movements; and (4) the biographical turn—a shift toward the subjective and "micro" dimensions of ideologies, life stories, and lived experiences.
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Strel'tsova, Y. "The Value Component of Educational System in France." World Economy and International Relations, no. 1 (2015): 88–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-1-88-103.
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The article examines which way the values in the educational system of France have been changing at various stages of its formation, particularly since 1980s. It refers to the problem of the immigration influence on the ongoing reforms in the school system. Special attention is paid to the problem of educational secularism and school reform during the presidency of François Hollande. The questions about the role of morality, the relationship between tradition and innovation in the school system are researched in the paper. In particular, the Charter of secularism prepared by Vincent Peillon is analyzed. Specifically the forms of enrolment and integration of immigrant children in schools and teaching them the French language are considered, from 1970s up to the present day. The teaching of French language acts as the main mechanism for the newcomers' integration. Changing forms of the immigrant children's adaptation are the convincing proof. Modern France faces a certain contradiction. On one hand, belonging to the most liberal countries continuing the tradition of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, it actively protects the values of freedom, openness to the world ideas, cultural interaction, etc., which is reflected primarily in the educational system. On the other hand, the real interpenetration of traditions and customs of different cultures which became possible due to the liberal migration policy begins to affect certain foundations, such as the secular character of the education system, equal rights for women and other, proper for the "traditional France". In conclusion, the interdependence between some problems of the modern French school and the immigration policy is stated in the article. This conclusion may be extended to the countries which accept a great number of the migrants. The experience of France, where the forms of the immigrant children integration are well functioning, becomes more and more demanded, also in Russia.
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Yagmur, Kutlay. "The concept of minority/minorities in the European national and supranational EU discourse." Multilingua 38, no. 2 (March 26, 2019): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/multi-2018-0063.
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Abstract European discourse on linguistic minorities reflect the construction of inter-ethnic boundaries between national (such as Dutch or French), indigenous minorities (such as Basque, Catalan or Frisian), and immigrant minorities (Arabic, Berber or Turkish). In the European public discourse on immigrant minority groups, two major characteristics emerge: immigrant minority groups are often referred to as foreigners (étrangers, Ausländer) and as being in need of integration. It is common practice to refer to immigrant minority groups in terms of non-national residents and to their languages in terms of non-territorial, non-regional, non-indigenous, or non-European languages. This conceptual exclusion rather than inclusion in the European public discourse derives from a restrictive interpretation of the notions of citizenship and nationality. Based on the empirical evidence derived from Language Rich Europe project, a phenomenological perspective on ethnic minorities and inter-ethnic boundary construction will be presented in this paper.
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Niyubahwe, Aline, Joséphine Mukamurera, and France Jutras. "Professional Integration of Immigrant Teachers in the School System: A literature review." Articles 48, no. 2 (December 11, 2013): 279–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1020972ar.
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This literature review article investigates the professional integration of teachers recently immigrated to Canada and other western countries. Its findings reveal a number of obstacles to the integration of immigrant teachers into the teaching profession. The review summarizes different initiatives facilitating or hampering immigrant teachers’ access to employment and professional integration. It also notes that there is little research on teachers’ professional integration in Western French speaking countries in general, and more particularly in Quebec where these teachers are often relied upon because of the shortage of personnel in this profession.
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Sharaf, Mesbah Fathy. "Job-Education Mismatch and Its Impact on the Earnings of Immigrants: Evidence from Recent Arrivals to Canada." ISRN Economics 2013 (January 17, 2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/452358.
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Using the most recent Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada, this paper measures the incidence of job-education mismatch, particularly over-education, examines its determinants, and estimates its impact on the earnings of immigrants. Job-education mismatch is measured using the realized match method, and the corresponding earnings impact is estimated using an over-required-under education technique. Determinants of over-education are examined using a bivariate probit model to account for selectivity into employment. Panel data estimation methods are used to estimate earnings equations and the analysis is stratified by gender. Results show that recent immigrants to Canada have a persistent high incidence and intensity of over-education with a substantial negative impact on their earnings. In particular, two-thirds of recent immigrants to Canada are over-educated with a wage loss of 8%, while an under-educated immigrant loses around 2% on average. Results also show that proficiency in English or French and post-immigration investment in education and training significantly reduce the likelihood of being over-educated. The findings of this study could benefit policies directed to help immigrants integrate in the labour market.
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Eseverri-Mayer, Cecilia. "Self-Identification in a Spanish barrio and a French banlieue: The Case of North African Second Generations." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 8, no. 2 (March 22, 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/640.
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This comparative and qualitative research examines the types of ethnic, racial, religious, and social identification that North-African second generations adopted in a banlieue of Paris and a peripheral barrio of Madrid. Four types of self-identification were detected in the neighborhood of Les Bosquets (Paris) and three in the neighborhood of San Cristobal (Madrid). In Les Bosquets, isolation, Islamophobia and the relationships with the police give rise to a "reactive ethnicity"; a new conservative Islam gains many followers ("Muslim self-identification"); race appears for the first time as an element of self-identification ("indigenous self-identification”) and secularism has waned (“laïc self-identification”). In San Cristóbal, a significant share still feels like immigrants (“immigrant identification”); a new Spanish-Muslim generation (“hybrid self-identification”) is born, and the most vulnerable youth adopt a conservative Islam while simultaneously developing a sense of “neighborhood pride” and identification with the working class (“neighborhood identification”).
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Knouzi, Ibtissem, and Callie Mady. "Indicators of an “Immigrant Advantage” in the Writing of L3 French Learners." Canadian Modern Language Review 73, no. 3 (August 2017): 368–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.3818.
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Dagenais, Diane, and Catherine Berron. "Promoting Multilingualism through French Immersion and Language Maintenance in Three Immigrant Families." Language, Culture and Curriculum 14, no. 2 (December 2001): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07908310108666618.
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Permyakova, Tatiana M., and Olga L. Antineskul. "“Immigrant” in Russian and French Print Media (Linguistic and Visual Composition Analyses)." Journal of Intercultural Communication Research 45, no. 4 (June 14, 2016): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17475759.2016.1194309.
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McNamara, Tim. "The roots of applied linguistics in Australia." Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 13–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.24.1.02mcn.
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Abstract In this paper an attempt is made to identify the origins and distinctive character of Applied Linguistics in Australia, which differ significantly from those in the United States and the United Kingdom, where the field developed in the context of the English language education of international students. The Australian tradition differs in two main respects: (1) the strong influence and representation of the applied linguistics of modern languages, manifest in the work of university teachers of French and other modern languages, and in research on language in immigrant communities; and (2) the distinctive role of the applied linguistics of English, both as a mother tongue in schools, and as a language of immigrants. Using information from a series of interviews with leading figures in the development of Australian applied linguistics, the unique character of Australian Applied Linguistics is revealed.
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Preobrazhenskaya, Arina A. "French Model of Integration of Immigrants Facing the Modern Challenges." RUDN Journal of Political Science 22, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 487–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1438-2020-22-3-487-505.
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Article examines specifics of French model of integration of immigrants, as well as the evolution of integration practices. It is shown that integration model was based initially on principles of assimilation, and ethnic and religious identity of the migrants was not taken into account. It is established that current model of integration does not require cultural unification, but does not allow institutionalization of immigrant communities as representatives of interests of migrants. Author concludes that the reasons for re-Islamization, which mainly affected second and third generation of migrants, were structural transformations in economy, as well as an increase in the number and geography of migration flows. Article analyzes factors that contributed to formation and spread of ethno-religious communities in the country, as well as driving forces that led to the rise of Islamist radicalism and surge of terrorist acts. Special attention is given to the problem of interaction of a secular, democratic state and society with Islam, a significant part of whose adherents belong to different socio-cultural paradigm than the indigenous population. Author focuses on current political initiatives of President Macron, to demarginalize urban suburbs, as well as measures taken to structure Islam in France and counter Islamist radicalism. In this research, author uses a political and cultural approach that integrates methods of sociology, socioculturology, psychology, which makes it possible to study socio-cultural dimension of politics, symbolic aspect of public life, as well as restores the role and significance of human person as the main actor in political process.
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De Higes-Andino, Irene, Ana Maria Prats-Rodríguez, Juan José Martínez-Sierra, and Frederic Chaume. "Subtitling Language Diversity in Spanish Immigration Films." Meta 58, no. 1 (March 12, 2014): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1023813ar.
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In Spain, the growing number of films depicting characters in multicultural settings bears testimony to the demographic changes experienced by Spanish society since the late 1980s. From a translational point of view, these films attract attention of researchers because of the presence of immigrant characters that use their mother tongue in addition to the language(s) of their host society. In this paper we present the results of the second stage of a research on the linguistic diversity in Spanish films starring immigrants. While the first stage dealt with the original audiovisual texts, we focus on their subtitled versions in two European languages. To do so, a descriptive and empirical methodology has been followed, the first step of which was the creation of a thorough corpus of six Spanish films and their corresponding eight target versions (in English and French). The descriptive and microtextual analysis of the immigrants’ dialogues found in our corpus allows us to define the translation strategies and techniques employed by subtitlers. Then, these techniques are classified in a continuum according to their degree of domestication and foreignisation. Finally, some conclusions are drawn regarding the ideology behind the cinematographic reflection of immigrants’ foreignness.