Academic literature on the topic 'French language – Rwanda'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'French language – Rwanda.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "French language – Rwanda"
1
Kayigema, Jacques Lwaboshi, and Davie E. Mutasa. "THE DYNAMISM OF ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL LANGUAGE IN POST-GENOCIDE RWANDA." Indonesian EFL Journal 3, no. 1 (September 12, 2017): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/ieflj.v3i1.659.
Full textAbstract:
English, as global language, has had great influence over most languages of the world for nearly two centuries now. The expansion of English is no exception in Rwanda, though. For the last two decades, the importance of English has been felt in the day to day activities of Rwanda. English became a third official language in Rwanda just after the 1994 genocide and a compulsory language of instruction since January 2009. This paper discusses the use of English in post-genocide Rwanda and its impact on French, over a borrowing one, Kinyarwanda and French. English has risen sharply for the last two decades because of the will of the Rwandan government to find ways of communicating with the external world in a more powerful language, English, than the previously predominant one, French. It also highlights major domains where English speaks of its strength and the factors that led to the spread of English.
2
Eyssette, Jérémie. "The Democratic Republic of the Congo’s Linguistic Temptation: A Comparative Analysis with Rwanda’s Switch-to-English." Journal of Asian and African Studies 55, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 522–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909619885974.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this article is to assess whether the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo) is likely to upgrade the status of English by constitutional or educational means. Indeed, neighboring countries such as Rwanda and Burundi adopted English as their official language in 1996 and 2014, but less writing in English is devoted to a potential linguistic transition in DR Congo, the most populous French-speaking country. This article will gauge DR Congo and Rwanda against the four criteria that arguably triggered Rwanda’s switch-to-English: historical factors in current linguistic trends; the role of charismatic leaders in sudden language policy changes; language-in-education policies; and economic incentives. The results of this interdisciplinary investigation into the language dynamics of the Great Lakes region indicate that, reflecting the vehicles of DR Congo’s domestic and regional evolutions, its leaders might be tempted to enhance the status of English as an official language in a way that, contrary to Rwanda’s radical switch-to-English, is more compatible with other languages.
3
Nkunzimana, Obed. "La langue française au Rwanda. Chronique d’une mort programmée." ALTERNATIVE FRANCOPHONE 1, no. 7 (September 15, 2014): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/af23071.
Full textAbstract:
En 2009, le Rwanda, ancienne colonie belge et pays francophone, passe officiellement et sans états d’âme « de Voltaire à Shakespeare » ( Ouazani), en s’affiliant au Commonwealth, au terme d’ un intense lobbying auprès des membres influents de ce club réservé essentiellement aux anciennes colonies britanniques. L’anglais devient langue unique de formation du primaire à l’université, reléguant ainsi le français au rang de simple langue seconde parmi tant d’autres proposées dans les programmes de formation publique ou privée. Eu égard à cette quête de changement d’alliances, d’autres pays tels que le Gabon, le Burundi, le Madagascar seraient des exemples intéressants à examiner, mais nous proposons de nous concentrer sur le cas particulier et sans précédent du Rwanda. En jetant un regard critique sur certains aspects de l’entreprise coloniale belge notamment sa stratégie éducative, nous tenterons de montrer que le déclin du français, c’est-à-dire sa perte de statut de langue officielle et peut-être un jour sa disparition pure et simple comme langue d’usage par les Rwandais, était programmé d’avance, inscrit non seulement dans les gènes mêmes de son implantation par l’autorité coloniale belge, il y a environ un siècle de cela, mais surtout dans la singularité du contexte farouchement et exclusivement monolingue du Rwanda traditionnel ; que même si le rebond de la langue française n’est pas impossible, le chemin est parsemé d’obstacles presque infranchissables, en raison de la nouvelle donne géostratégique, linguistique du Rwanda et une politique économique axée sur les nouvelles technologies de l’information où l’anglais reste prédominant.
Abstract
In 2009, Rwanda, former belgian colony and francophone country, switches, in Ouazani’s terms, from Voltaire to Shakespeare, becoming officially and unapologetically affiliated with the Commonwealth, after intensely lobbying the influential members of that club, whose membership is essentially composed of former british colonies. English become the sole language of instruction from elementary school to university, while French joined the rank of other optional second languages taught in both public and private institutions. Although some other countries like Gabon, Burundi and Madagascar, which are apparently tempted by the same affiliation, are interesting cases in point, I will rather focus on this singular and unprecedented shift operated by Rwanda. By pointing out some aspects of the belgian colonial enterprise, particularly its instruction rationale and strategies, I will attempt to argue that the actual decline of French - its loss of the status of official language and, perhaps, its pure and simple disappearance in Rwanda one day- was programmed in advance, written not only in the very genes of its colonial inception a century ago, but also in the nationalistic context of traditional Rwanda with its prevailing and self-sufficent monolingualism. I shall also point out that even though the rebirth of French language is not impossible, the path remains mined by daunting obstacles, related to the new geostrategic and linguistic road Rwanda has taken, as well as the actual government’ economic plan, centered on information technologies in which English is predominant.
4
Goyvaerts, Didier L. "The Emergence of Lingala in Bukavu, Zaïre." Journal of Modern African Studies 33, no. 2 (June 1995): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x0002108x.
Full textAbstract:
Ever since independence Lingala has been gradually spreading throughout Zaïre to the extent that nowadays in Bukavu, a traditionally Swahili-speaking city near Rwanda and Burundi, about 70 per cent of the population has some knowledge of the language. This holds true for all layers of society: youngsters, students, teachers, civil servants, businessmen, petty traders, soldiers, and prostitutes. The advent of Lingala raises an important question: how do we explain the presence of this new language in a city where already three lingua francas exist, namely French, Swahili, and Indoubil.1
5
Pütz, Martin. "Exploring the linguistic landscape of Cameroon: Reflections on language policy and ideology." Russian Journal of Linguistics 24, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 294–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2687-0088-2020-24-2-294-324.
Full textAbstract:
This contribution focuses on the study of Linguistic Landscapes in the Central/Western African state of Cameroon, with particular reference to its capital, Yaoundé. Linguistic landscapes is a relatively recent area of research, and can be broadly defined as the visual representation of languages in public space. This paper will show that the field of linguistic landscapes can act as a reflection of linguistic hierarchies, ideologies and acts of resistance in multilingual and multicultural communities. At the same time, the sociolinguistic situation in the country will be investigated, which is paramount to understanding the linguistic and ideological conflicts between the anglophone minority and the francophone government. Cameroon’s linguistic landscape will be explored via the various spaces that English, French, Pidgin English, Camfranglais and, to a minor degree, indigenous African languages occupy in its sociolinguistic composition. The methodological design is quantitative in nature, involving collecting more than 600 linguistic tokens (digital photos) in various public places mainly in and around the Cameroonian capital of Yaoundé. It will be demonstrated that the deployment of languages on signs and linguistic tokens, apart from serving informative and symbolic functions for the audiences or passers-by they target, also has social and political implications in an ethnically heterogeneous and linguistically hybrid society such as Cameroon. Whereas in some other former British colonies there are indications that the public space is being symbolically constructed in order to preserve some of Africa’s indigenous languages (e.g. in Botswana, Rwanda, Tanzania), in Cameroon the linguistic landscape almost exclusively focuses on the dominant status and role of one single language, i.e. French, and to a lesser extent English, whose speakers therefore feel marginalized and oppressed by the French government.
6
Gafaranga, Joseph. "Medium request: Talking language shift into being." Language in Society 39, no. 2 (April 2010): 241–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404510000047.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn his landmark contribution to the field of language shift/maintenance, Fishman maintains that, for language shift to be reversed, “face-to-face, small-scale social life must be pursued in their own right and focused upon directly.” This article responds to this call to examine language shift at the level of face-to-face interaction. It describes a specific interactional practice, referred to as “medium request,” observed in the Rwandan community in Belgium, where language shift is taking place from Kinyarwanda-French bilingualism to French monolingualism. The practice consists in the fact that younger members of the community, when in interaction with adult members, constantly (albeit indirectly) request the latter to “medium-switch” from Kinyarwanda to French. The article therefore describes the practice as a specific type of language/medium negotiation, examines its various strategies, and shows how, through this interactional practice, members of the community actually talk language shift into being. (Medium request, language shift, language maintenance, language/medium negotiation, other-initiated medium repair, embedded medium repair, generalized content repair, targeted content repair, understanding check)
7
Kayigema, Jacques Lwaboshi, and Davie E. Mutasa. "The cohabitation of three official languages in Post-Genocide Rwanda: Kinyarwanda, English and French." South African Journal of African Languages 34, no. 2 (July 3, 2014): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2014.997060.
Full text
8
Eboe-Osuji, Chile. "Murder as a Crime against Humanity at the Ad Hoc Tribunals: Reconciling Differing Languages." Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international 43 (2006): 145–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0069005800008766.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryThe statutes of the International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and for the Former Yugoslavia give these tribunals jurisdiction over murder as a crime against humanity. Yet the judges of these tribunals have often found themselves disagreeing as to the level means rea required for conviction. The controversy results from the French text that employs the term “assassinat” in the place where the English text speaks of “murder.” Assassinat is equivalent only to the premeditated kind of murder. This has led some of the judges to insist that no mens rea lower than premeditation is sufficient for conviction for murder as a crime against humanity under the statutes of the ICTR and the ICTY. It is suggested in this article that neither the requirements of international criminal law nor a contextual reading of the statutes truly favours such a strict view of murder as a crime against humanity, which effectively excludes a wide range means rea, which will, but for the use of the term “assassinat” in the French text, properly anchor a conviction for murder.
9
Rizzi, Giovanni. "African and Rwandan Translations of the Bible." Między Oryginałem a Przekładem 27, no. 3(53) (September 21, 2021): 85–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/moap.27.2021.53.05.
Full textAbstract:
The article offers a concise presentation of the project linked to the Library Fund of the Pontifical Urbaniana University, namely, to study the inculturation of the Christian faith by relating the documentation on the editions of the Bible to the catechisms in the territories entrusted to the pastoral care of the Congregation for Evangelization of peoples. The vastness of the project itself is marked today by the difficulty of using more extensive documentation than that present in the Fund of the same Library. However, more limited segments of the indicated material of interest can already be identified. More specifically, the African continent shows quite a varied phenomenology of the editions of the Bible: from translations of the Latin Vulgate into local languages, to translations from English or French, themselves translations from Latin. In the post-conciliar period, the translations of the Bible from the original biblical languages emerge. This is the case of the Kinyarwanda versions of the NT (1988, 1989) and of the OT-NT in a single volume (1990, 1992), in which, alongside pastoral purposes, the results of modern biblical exegesis are evident, to the point of proposing categorizations of literary bodies of biblical literature from an interconfessional and also interreligious perspective.
10
Fletcher, Narelle. "Words That Can Kill: The Mugesera Speech and the 1994 Tutsi Genocide in Rwanda." PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies 11, no. 1 (August 9, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/portal.v11i1.3293.
Full textAbstract:
One of the most significant extant documents attesting to the dissemination of genocide ideology in Rwanda in the early 1990s is the speech delivered on 22 November 1992 by the political figure Léon Mugesera, a member of the incumbent MRND party. It is particularly significant because it constitutes the earliest example of explicit genocidal discourse expressed by a member of the ruling political party in a public forum, and as such it has often been regarded as offering a ‘blueprint’ for the practical implementation of the genocide. In addition, the contents of the speech have been the subject of intense scrutiny and heated debate within the framework of a judicial process in Canada spanning more than a decade to determine whether Mugesera should be deported to Rwanda to face prosecution for genocide.
The original speech was delivered in Kinyarwanda, the national language of Rwanda, which effectively meant it was largely inaccessible to foreign commentators until it was translated into French and English. This article examines key thematic, lexical and stylistic elements within the original speech as it was heard by its target audience, as well as fundamental issues raised by the Canadian hearings relating to the translation process such as accuracy, fidelity, impartiality and subjectivity which were crucial elements in the decision-making process which finally led to Mugesera being deported to Rwanda on 23 January 2012.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "French language – Rwanda"
1
Tie, Tra Bi Irie Fabrice Raoul. "Famille et Violence dans la littérature francophone : le génocide des Tutsis du Rwanda." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAL014/document.
Full textAbstract:
La présente thèse questionne la famille en lien avec des tueries de masse : le génocide des Tutsi du Rwanda. Le sujet a été développé sur deux grands axes. Un point d’histoire a présenté les déterminants socio-historiques qui ont favorisé l’extermination des Tutsi rwandais. Puis une analyse littéraire a établi une corrélation entre l’idée de famille et cette violence extrême, à travers un corpus d’écrivains francophones et de rescapés de cet événement. Ce qui a décloisonné l’étude du génocide contre les Tutsi au Rwanda du seul point de vue historique pour en faire un sujet littéraire. Dans ce travail de recherche, notre propos a insisté sur la situation des familles qui ont résisté et sur celles qui ont été décimées face au génocide ambiant. Et a informé sur une tragédie qui a fragilisé les liens de filiation au sein des membres d’un même ménage et rompue les alliances, la fraternité entre familles voisines. Cette étude a également souligné les configurations possibles de l’institution familiale après le génocide. Elle a montré qu’avec les massacres qui ont déstructuré les ménages, rompu les liens de filiations, les survivants pour amorcer une résilience, recomposent de nouvelles fratries, de nouvelles famillesThis thesis question the notion of family in connection with mass Killing : the genocide of the Tutsi of Rwanda. It was developed on two main axes. A point of history presented the socio-historical determinants which favorised the extermination of the Rwandan Tutsi. Then a literary analysis established a correlation between the idea of family and this extreme violence, through a corpus of French-speaking writers and survivors of this event. What opened up the study of the Tutsi génocide from the only historic point of view to make a literary subject. In this research work, our subject insisted on the situation of the families which resisted and on those who were decimated in front of ambient genocide. And informed about a tragedy which weakened the links of filiation within the members of the same household and broke the relationship, the brotherhood between nearby families. This study also presented the possible configurations of the family institution after the genocide. It showed that with the massacres which deconstructed the household the survivors to begin an impact strength, recompose of new sibships, new families
2
Habyarimana, Heli. "An analysis of the socio-pragmatic motivations for code-switching in Rwanda." Diss., 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/23610.
Full textAbstract:
Text in EnglishThe study examines the social motivations that prompt the Rwandan bilingual speakers to code-switch from Kinyarwanda to English, French or Kiswahili in their casual conversations about real-life situations. Methodological techniques used for data collection are ethnographic non-participant observation, oral interviews, focus group discussions and shorthand notes techniques. Examples were examined and interpreted within Myers-Scotton’s Markedness Model as the main theoretical framework for the study. The research findings align with Myers-Scotton’s categories such as the sequential unmarked choice, code-switching itself as the unmarked choice, the marked choice and the exploratory choice respectively. The main social factors that influence code-switching among the Rwandan bilingual speakers were identified as signalling educated status, expressing different social identities, demonstrating measures of power, authority and prestige, narrowing or widening social distance, and maintaining relationships. These results support the hypothesis that code-switching is a strategy to maximise social benefits from the interlocutors in conversation.
Linguistics and Modern Languages
M.A. (Sociolinguistics)
3
Mbori, Bob John Obwang'i. "The interface between language attitudes and language use in a post-conflict context: the case of Rwanda." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1733.
Full textAbstract:
The study investigates the interface between the variables - language attitude and
language use in a development context, and attempts to determine the contribution of
language to Rwanda's post-conflict development, reconstruction and reconciliation. It
examines the language attitudes and language use patterns of 53 students from
Rwanda's public universities focusing on how students, who are all Rwandan
citizens, view the role of Kinyarwanda, French, English and Kiswahili languages in
twelve core areas of post-conflict development. Although post-conflict development
is socio-economic, previous historical and political factors affecting Rwanda's violent
past play a role as new forms of linguistic categorization - Anglophone and
Francophone - emerge which may be used to camouflage previous ethnic
categorizations that have had disastrous effects in Rwanda. Further, social
categorizations laden with salient features of linguistic identity may influence the
implementation of the post-conflict development programmes, and also affect the
pace and pattern of reconciliation in Rwanda. Conclusions are based on eclectic
sources: quantitative, qualitative, historical and participatory, with patterns of analysis
established from secondary and historical data. The study is also grounded in the
Communication Accommodation Theory that rests on issues of divergence and
convergence during interaction where emerging language identities dovetail with
language attitudes and language use, resulting in an interface that influences the
implementation of Rwanda's post-conflict development programmes.
Additionally, it is argued that the African languages such as Kinyarwanda and
Kiswahili, should be considered as vehicles for Rwanda's post-conflict development,
although Kinyarwanda, the home language, has in the past really not served an
intranational unifying function. On the other hand, Kiswahili, unlike Kinyarwanda,
has no divisive myths and identities that would inhibit post-conflict development; it is
an important language in the East and Central African region where post-conflict
Rwanda will play a positive and active role, and would be a language to be positively developed.African Languages
D.Litt et Phil. (African Languages)
Books on the topic "French language – Rwanda"
1
Overdulve, C. M. Kwiga ikinyarwanda: Manuel d'apprentissage de la langue rwanda. 2nd ed. [Rwanda: s.n.], 1987.
Find full text
2
M, Overdulve C., and M. Gooday. Apprendre la Langue Rwanda. De Gruyter, Inc., 2019.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "French language – Rwanda"
1
Holmes, Georgina, and Ilaria Buscaglia. "Rebranding Rwanda’s Peacekeeping Identity during Post-Conflict Transition." In Rwanda Since 1994, 104–24. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786941992.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
Drawing on recent theorising of 'nation branding', this article examines how mediatised security narratives are used as part of the current Government of Rwanda's public diplomacy strategy to establish post-conflict Rwanda's peacekeeping identity and brand image as a Troop Contributing Country. It does so by undertaking an analysis of media discourse published by the state-owned English language national newspaper The New Times between 2008 and 2018, and two 'twitter storms' that occurred in March 2017 and 2018 in response to the Central African Republic Sexual Exploitation and Abuse scandal involving French military peacekeepers and a second scandal involving Ghanaian police peacekeepers in South Sudan. Specifically, we ask, how does the Government of Rwanda use mediatised security narratives as a nation branding tool after genocide and civil war? We argue that mediatised security narratives are employed to erase Rwanda's negative brand informed by the frameworks of victimology, poverty and violence and reposition Rwanda as an emerging strategic player in international peacekeeping. The RPF achieves this by 'niche building' and mimicking the public diplomacy strategies of middle-powers in order to present Rwanda as a catalyst and facilitator of contemporary peacekeeping policy and practice.
2
"French Foreign Policy in Rwanda: Language, Personal Networks, and Changing Contexts." In The Political Economy of Development and Underdevelopment in Africa, 321–44. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203387740-30.
Full text
3
"Rwanda’s Language-in-Education Policy Shift from French-Dominant to English-Only Medium." In Transformative Curricula, Pedagogies and Epistemologies, 47–71. BRILL, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004468443_004.
Full text