To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: French Polynesia.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'French Polynesia'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 48 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'French Polynesia.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Teissier, Yoann. "Metapopulation dynamics of dengue epidemics in French Polynesia." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB008.
Full textAbstract:
La dengue circule en Polynésie française sur un mode épidémique depuis plus de 35 ans. Néanmoins, en dépit de la taille relativement faible de la population de Polynésie française, la circulation de la dengue peut persister à de faibles niveaux pendant de nombreuses années. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse est de déterminer si l'épidémiologie de la dengue dans le système insulaire de la Polynésie française répond aux critères d’un contexte de métapopulation. Après avoir constitué une base de données regroupant les cas de dengue répertoriés sur les 35 dernières années, nous avons réalisé des analyses épidémiologiques descriptives et statistiques. Celles-ci ont révélé des disparités spatio-temporelles distinctes pour l’incidence de la dengue des archipels et des îles, mais la structure de l'épidémie globale à l’échelle de la Polynésie française pour un même sérotype ne semble pas être affectée. Les analyses de la métapopulation ont révélé l'incidence asynchrone de la dengue dans un grand nombre d’îles. Celle-ci s’observe plus particulièrement par la différence de dynamique de l’incidence entre les îles plus peuplées et celles ayant une population plus faible. La taille critique de la communauté nécessaire à la persistance de la dengue n’est même pas atteinte par la plus grande île de Polynésie Française, Tahiti. Ce résultat suggère que la dengue peut uniquement persister grâce à sa propagation d’île en île. L'incorporation de la connectivité des îles à travers des modèles de migration humaine dans un modèle mathématique a produit une dynamique de la dengue davantage en adéquation avec les données observées, que les tentatives de modélisation traitant la population dans son ensemble. Le modèle de la métapopulation a été capable de simuler la même dynamique que les cas de dengue observés pour l'épidémie et la transmission endémique qui a suivi pour la période de 2001 à 2008. Des analyses complémentaires sur la différenciation de l'incidence de la maladie et de l'infection seront probablement instructives pour affiner le modèle de métapopulation de l'épidémiologie de la dengue en Polynésie françaiseDengue has been epidemic in French Polynesia for the past 35 years. Despite the relatively small population size in French Polynesia, dengue does not disappear and can persist at low levels for many years. In light of the large number of islands comprising French Polynesia, this thesis addresses the extent to which a metapopulation context may be the most appropriate to describe the epidemiology and persistence of dengue in this case. After compiling a database of dengue cases over the last 35 years, we used a number of descriptive and statistical epidemiological analyses that revealed distinct spatio-temporal disparity in dengue incidence for archipelago and islands. But the global structure of the epidemics of the same serotype were not affected. Metapopulation analyses revealed asynchronous dengue incidence among many of the islands and most notably larger islands lagged behind the smaller islands. The critical community size, which determines dengue persistence, was found to exceed even the largest island of Tahiti, suggesting that dengue can only exist by island-hopping. Incorporation of island connectedness through patterns of human migration into a mathematical model enabled a much better fit to the observed data than treating the population as a whole. The metapopulation model was able to capture to some extent the epidemic and low level transmission dynamics observed for the period of 2001-2008. Further analyses on differentiating incidence of disease and infection will likely prove informative for the metapopulation model of dengue epidemiology in French Polynesia
2
Botella, Albéric. "Past and Future Sea-Level Changes in French Polynesia." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/33392.
Full textAbstract:
Among the various adverse effects of climate change, sea-level rise is expected to increase the severity and frequency of flooding events impacting the vulnerable, low-lying islands of French Polynesia. It has long been understood that sea-level changes are not spatially uniform, yet this aspect is not taken into account in the decision-making. Notably, no projections of future sea level have been produced specifically for this region so far, partly because the processes driving sea-level changes remain poorly constrained. To approach the issue, we present a detailed reconstruction of sea-level changes for the mid-to-late Holocene, based on the observation of coral proxies. This dataset is then used to calibrate a sea-level model in order to estimate the contribution of glacial isostatic adjustment to regional sea-level changes and to infer past variations in global ice volume. Building upon this baseline and exploiting recent outputs of climate models, we project that in a “worst-case” scenario, sea level would rise 1.05 meters by 2100 in French Polynesia, exceeding the value adopted in the French adaptation strategy by 0.45 meters. We conclude that spatial variability of sea-level rise should be considered in future risk studies for this and other regions.
3
Ewart, Rebecca Elizabeth. "Translation, interpretation and otherness : Polynesia in French travel literature." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680152.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis seeks to explore French travel literature on Polynesia as a form of translation. It analyses how travel writers interpret and textualize their experiences of the foreign culture in order to create a version of Polyneslan otherness. Following on from Lawrence Venuti's theory of foreignization and domestication, it is assumed that all translations necessarily manipulate the source culture into forms that are determined by the receiving culture, and that fidelity to an original is, therefore, impossible. Ethical potential is considered to lie in a translation that goes against the norms of translation present In the receiving culture in respect of Polynesia. The thesis identifies the emergence of over-determined narratives relating to Polynesia in late eighteenth and mid-nineteenth-century French travel literature. It shows how this body of work engaged with pre-existing narratives surrounding New-World cultures and dreams of a utopian south em continent, and considers the emergence of a dominant version of Polynesia closely linked to notions of an earthly paradise. In relation to the tradition of translation established in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the thesis studies the translation strategies employed by Pierre Loti in 'Le Mariage de Loti' (1880) and Victor Segalen in 'Les Immemoriaux' (1907). It demonstrates their seminal status as works that set trends for translating Polynesia, in terms of both reinforcing translation norms and subverting them. Finally, the thesis investigates the afterlives of Loti and Segalen's texts, as they appear in operatic adaptations ('Lakme' (1883) and 'L'ile du reve' (189B)), translations Into English, twentieth-century travel literature (Loti), and in indigenous Polynesian writing (Segalen).
4
Kahn, Jennifer G. "Prehistoric stone tool use and manufacture at the Ha'atuatua dune site, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq20792.pdf.
Full text
5
Martins, Simões Patrícia. "Diversity and dynamics of Wolbachia-host associations in arthropods from the Society archipelago, French Polynesia." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00850707.
Full textAbstract:
Certains symbiotes intracellulaires résident dans le cytoplasme des cellules et manipulent le système reproductif de leurs hôtes. Du fait de leur transmission maternelle, ces parasites sont sélectionnés pour optimiser la survie et la reproduction de leur hôtes femelles. Chez les arthropodes, la bactérie Wolbachia infecte au moins 66% des espèces d'insectes mais peuvent aussi infecter des nématodes. Cette large distribution dans les populations hôtes confère à Wolbachia un potentiel important en tant que moteur d'évolution. En particulier, elle pourrait être utilisée comme vecteur transgène dans les espèces nuisibles. Mais la dynamique évolutive des infections à l'échelle des communautés est mal connue, en particulier la fréquence des transferts de parasites entre hôtes de différentes espèces et la stabilité évolutive des associations. Mon travail de thèse a porté sur la détection et la dynamique des infections de Wolbachia à une échelle microevolutive, c'est-à-dire, dans des communautés d'arthropodes avec moins de 5 My. L'objectif de ce travail était à la fois la characterisation des communautés géographiques d'arthropodes et celle des infections par Wolbachia de ces communautés. Nous avons également examiné l'existence de transferts horizontaux récents de ces symbiotes entre des taxa distantes ainsi que les routes écologiques potentielles pour ces transmissions.
6
Martins, Simões Patricia. "Diversity and dynamics of Wolbachia-host associations in arthropods from the Society archipelago, French Polynesia." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10035.
Full textAbstract:
Certains symbiotes intracellulaires résident dans le cytoplasme des cellules et manipulent le système reproductif de leurs hôtes. Du fait de leur transmission maternelle, ces parasites sont sélectionnés pour optimiser la survie et la reproduction de leurs hôtes femelles. Chez les arthropodes, la bactérie Wolbachia infecte au moins 66% des espèces d’insectes mais peuvent aussi infecter des nématodes. Cette large distribution dans les populations hôtes confère à Wolbachia un potentiel important en tant que moteur d’évolution. En particulier, elle pourrait être utilisée comme vecteur transgène dans les espèces nuisibles. Mais la dynamique évolutive des infections à l’échelle des communautés est mal connue, en particulier la fréquence des transferts de parasites entre hôtes de différentes espèces et la stabilité évolutive des associations. Mon travail de thèse a porté sur la détection et dynamique des infections de Wolbachia à une échelle micro-évolutive, c’est-à-dire, dans des communautés d’arthropodes avec moins de 5 My. L’objectif de ce travail était à la fois la caractérisation des communautés géographiques d’arthropodes et celle des infections par Wolbachia de ces communautés. Nous avons également examiné l’existence de transferts horizontaux récents de ces symbiotes entre des taxa distantes ainsi que les routes écologiques potentielles pour ces transmissionsSexual parasites are intracellular symbionts capable of manipulating the reproduction of their hosts. They are widespread in Arthropods where they display a wide range of reproductive manipulations; these can be potentially involved in the evolution of mating systems, speciation, gene acquisition and sex determination. In particular, Wolbachia is thought to infect more than 66% of insect species and is also found in nematodes. However, little is known about the dynamics of Wolbachia infections at the community level. Although at the intra-population level, invasion dynamics have been extensively studied, the same is not true at the community level where the turnover of infections remains largely uncharacterised. The question of how often are new infections acquired through horizontal transfers between distantly related hosts remains also open. Moreover, as Wolbachia is seen as a good candidate for a transgenic vector against pests, understanding its dynamic at the community level is crucial. We proposed to address them by performing an exhaustive characterisation of sexual parasites in simplified systems, using the opportunity offered by small arthropod communities in isolated islands
7
Oakes, Nicole R. "The late prehistoric "Maohi fare haupape" : an examination of household organization in Mo'orea, French Polynesia /." Ann Arbor : UMI dissertation service, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40086039m.
Full text
8
Wallin, Paul. "Ceremonial stone structures the archaeology and ethnohistory of the Marae Complex in the Society Islands, French Polynesia /." Uppsala : Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis : Distributed by Dept. of Archaeology, Uppsala University, 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/30760808.html.
Full text
9
Choi, Yoon Ah. "Discourse analysis : A linguistic study of the French press's representation of the political crisis in Tahiti (2004-2005) - in Le Figaro, Le Monde and La Liberation." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Languages and Cultures/ French Department, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/885.
Full textAbstract:
French Polynesia went through a political crisis from 2004 to 2005 which constituted an important chapter in the history of this recently upgraded 'Pays d'Outre-mer'. After the general elections of May 2004 in Tahiti, a series of controversial events unfolded which created polarity among the local people and which destabilised the government. This research aims to study qualitatively how the Tahitian political crisis is constructed by the French press, namely, le Figaro, le Monde and la Libération. Based on the CDA framework and Halliday's systemic grammar, this research embarks on Foucault's idea of subjectivity which governs the formation of discourse, by examining the linguistic structure of the clause in the press representations. The analysis reveals that events and people from the crisis can be configured in different ways in the clausal structure, which is, to a certain degree, triggered by the subjectivity of newspapers. La Libération offers a socialist view of the crisis through its discursive constructions which are more inclusive of the local people and by showing Temaru's rise to power in an optimistic manner. As for the conservative newspaper le Figaro, power hierarchies can be observed in some representations while certain individuals' responsibilities are hidden in the clausal structure. Even le Monde, which claims to maintain a neutral ground, exposes its intellectual and critical conceits in the construction of clauses which represent Tahiti's recent political crisis.
10
Balukjian, Bradley James. "Myriad Mirids| The spectacular radiation of Pseudoloxops (Hemiptera| Miridae) plant bugs in French Polynesia (and the kids that love them!)." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3593769.
Full textAbstract:
In the first chapter, we revise the taxonomy of a lineage of plant bugs (Hemiptera: Miridae) that has radiated in the islands of French Polynesia. Six species of endemic Pseudoloxops plant bugs were previously known from two islands in French Polynesia, indicating a small radiation. We collected ecological, morphological, molecular, and geographical data for hundreds of fresh and historical Pseudoloxops specimens, expanding the genus' range to nine islands in two archipelagoes (the Austral and Society Islands). We combined all of the above data sources in an iterative integrative taxonomy framework to test the six existing species hypotheses and to search for new diversity.
In the second chapter, we explore the relative importance of ecology and geographic isolation in this lineage to provide a first approximation of whether the radiation was adaptive or non-adaptive. We collected Pseudoloxops from a wide range of plants, with 27 species in 25 different plant families and 13 orders. We then inferred a combined Bayesian molecular phylogeny from three genes, including 25 of the 26 known Pseudoloxops species, to examine the roles of plant affiliation and geography (island distribution) in speciation. We reconstructed the ancestral states using parsimony for these two characters, and found 12 speciation events that were well-supported in the phylogeny. Both plant-switching and island-hopping were correlated with speciation. For the 7 speciation events for which we could unequivocally determine plant affiliation before and after speciation, 4 were associated with a plant shift. For the 8 speciation events where island distribution could be reconstructed, two involved shifts to a new island. There were 5 cases for which we could determine both character states before and after speciation. In three of them, speciation occurred within the same locality with a switch in plant taxonomic order, suggesting that the lineage has great dietary versatility. However, much more research into feeding needs to be conducted, as anecdotal evidence from Pseudoloxops outside of French Polynesia suggests they may be facultative predators. In the other two speciation events, there was neither a geographic shift nor a change in plant affiliation, suggesting some other mechanism for speciation. Based on our results, both plant-switching and geography have played a role in the diversification of this radiation.
In the third chapter, we address the larger societal impact of taxonomic and biodiversity research by examining the effect of a natural history-driven curriculum on elementary schoolchildren's scientific knowledge. While studies have demonstrated the potential for natural history education to improve children's attitudes towards and knowledge of science and nature, few studies have been done in areas where indigenous culture heavily influences children's worldview. The lead author taught a nine-month natural history/biodiversity class focused on insects and plants to fifth-graders at the Pao Pao elementary school on the French Polynesian island of Moorea and tested their scientific knowledge before and after receiving the program. We compared their results to a control that did not receive the program, and while both cohorts improved, the experimental group's improvement was significantly greater (mean of 82.2% vs. 30.5%). We performed a delayed post-test evaluation three years after the conclusion of the program with a subset of the experimental cohort to test their retention and interest in science. Finally, the qualitative coding of the experimental group's test and survey responses revealed both the influence of indigenous culture on their scientific understanding and the appeal of taxonomy and field trips to children. When prompted for an example of a native plant, 24% of the experimental group named a plant introduced by the Polynesians, suggesting the misconception that plants with a prevalent role in indigenous culture have always been there. In the follow-up survey, 36.7% mentioned the field trips among their memories of the course, and 20% gave full scientific names for species they recalled from the class. The latter contrasts with the commonly held belief that taxonomy is too arcane to connect with the general public. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
11
Harden, Judy Ann. "Light element and lithium isotope signatures of the emii reservoir - the society islands, french polynesia geochemical results and an educational application /." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001069.
Full text
12
Serafini, Jonathan. "Caractérisation de la vapeur d'eau en Polynésie française et tomographie mono-GPS." Thesis, Polynésie française, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POLF0005/document.
Full textAbstract:
L'objectif initial de cette thèse était de développer une nouvelle méthode tomographique capable de restituer le champ spatio-temporel de vapeur d'eau troposphérique uniquement en fonction des observations d'une seule station GPS. Cette méthode est particulièrement adaptée aux îles polynésiennes où l'implantation d'un réseau dense de stations GPS est quasiment impossible.Ce constat a motivé une étude préalable cherchant à caractériser les fluctuations de la vapeur d'eau au-dessus de Tahiti et leurs relations avec les précipitations à différentes échelles temporelles (de l'échelle horaire à l'échelle saisonnière). Il a également motivé une seconde étude cherchant à caractériser la structure verticale de la vapeur d'eau à partir des radiosondages des dix dernières années effectués par Météo-France deux fois par jour afin de fournir un modèle simple pouvant s'adapter à tous types de structure atmosphérique. Un indice caractérisant la stabilité de l'atmosphère a été déduit de ce modèle.La seconde partie de la thèse présente la méthode tomographique que j'ai développée. Pour reconstruire la répartition verticale de la vapeur d'eau, cette méthode s'appuie sur le modèle de structure verticale présenté ci-dessus. Pour reconstruire la répartition horizontale, nous utilisons une décomposition en polynômes de Zernike. Enfin, nous utilisons une décomposition spectrale pour modéliser les variations temporelles. Avec cette méthode, la densité de vapeur d'eau varie à différentes échelles prédéfinies spatiales et temporelles. Les variations associées aux différentes échelles sont alors ajustées (au sens des moindres carrés) afin de reconstruire au mieux les observations GPSThe initial goal of this thesis was to develop a new tomographic method capable of restoring the spatio-temporal field of tropospheric water vapor using uniquely, the observations of a single GPS. This method is a good fit for Polynesian islands where the implementation of a GPS network is almost impossible.This observation lead to the development of a preliminary study to characterize water vapor fluctuations above Tahiti and their relationship with precipitations at different temporal scales (from hours to seasons). Another study has emerged for the same reasons, looking for the characterization of the vertical structure of water vapor from radiosondes of the last 10 years made by Meteo-France twice a day in order to deliver a simple model that could be adapted to all types of atmospheric structures. An index, characterizing the stability of the atmosphere was derived from this model.The second part of the thesis presents the tomographic methodology I developed. To reconstruct the vertical distribution of water vapor, this method relies on the above-mentioned vertical structure model. To reconstruct the horizontal distribution, we use a decomposition to Zernike polynomials. We use a spectral decomposition to model temporal variations. With this method, the density of water vapor varies at different predefined spatial and temporal scales. Variations associated to different scales are adjusted (using the method of least squares) in order to reconstruct GPS observations
13
Zenel, Christine A. "A Paradoxical Paradise: The Marquesas as a Degenerate and Regenerative Space in the Western Imagination." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/419.
Full textAbstract:
The Western imagination has ascribed histories and identities of the Marquesas Islands throughout centuries of evolving discourses and representations as a paradoxical paradise, bolstering colonialist ideologies of social evolutionary theory. The islands have either been represented as backwards on a social scale to justify Western dominance, or have been represented as being in a state of authentic human nature out of colonial guilt and imperialist nostalgia. These representations reveal a paradox in which the Marquesas is ascribed in the Western imagination as a degenerate space, yet also as a space where the regeneration of human nature is made possible— provided that a time-backwards Marquesas is dependent on a civilized West.
14
Rashid, Rashid Juma [Verfasser]. "Sea Level Change and Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction in the Southern Equatorial Pacific Ocean Relative to the Society Islands, French Polynesia / Rashid Juma Rashid." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069104868/34.
Full text
15
Lechat, Mareva Ida Jacqueline Azélie. "Jeux politiques et processus d'autonomisation en Polynésie française : (1957-2011)." Thesis, Bordeaux 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR40062.
Full textAbstract:
Les premiers explorateurs polynésiens découvrent Tahiti et ses "îles de lumière", ces terres paradisiaques les rapprochant du lieu où la lumière créatrice de la cosmogonie polynésienne originelle surgit, grâce à la maîtrise des astres , des vents et des courants marins ouvran la voie à leurs majestueuses pirogues doubles 150 ans avant Jésus Christ. Le triangle polynésien, où elles se situent au centre, désigne une aire culturelle et linguistique commune. La "Poly-nésie" désigne les "multiples îles" et se distingue de la "Méla-nésie à l'ouest, désignant les "noires îles" et de la "Micro-nésie" et ses "petites îles".C'est d'abord à travers son histoire particulière qu'on doit appréhender cette entité qu'est devenue la Polynésie française, avant de s'interroger sur la signification du concept d'autonomisation, et de fixer dans ses grandes lignes le cadre dans lequel se déroulent les jeux politiques qui en conditionnent la mise en oeuvreThe first Polynesian explorers discover Tahiti and her "light islands", the heavenly lands closer to the place where the creative light of the original Polynesian cosmogony arises, through control of the stars, winds and sea currents ouvran the way for their majestic double canoes 150 years before Jesus Christ. The Polynesian Triangle, where they stand in the center, means a common cultural and linguistic area. The "Poly-nesia" means "many islands" and differs from the "Melanesia to the west, designating the" black islands "and" Micronesia "and" small islands ".It is primarily through its particular history we must understand what this entity became French Polynesia, before wondering about the meaning of the concept of empowerment, and set in outline the framework within which take place in the political games that condition the implementation
16
Lacoste, Élise. "Interactions entre les huitres perlières en élevage (Pinctada margaritifera) et les communautés d'épibiontes, et influence de l'association sur les flux de matière dans les lagons de Polynésie française." Thesis, Polynésie française, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POLF0001/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les coquilles d’huitres perlières (Pinctada margaritifera) en élevage sont abondamment colonisées par des peuplements épibiontes (ie biofouling). Ces communautés d’épibiontes représentent des contraintes de gestion coûteuses pour les perliculteurs (manutention, traitements). Leur rôle dans le fonctionnement des élevages, à la fois sur les espèces cultivées et sur l'environnement, est cependant encore très mal connu. La majorité des épibiontes sont des organismes filtreurs, potentiels compétiteurs des huitres perlières pour la ressource. Alors qu’une telle compétition pourrait compromettre la production, les interactions trophiques entre les huitres perlières et les épibiontes ont été très peu étudiées en Polynésie française. Plus largement, l’activité des épibiontes, ajoutée à celle des huitres perlières, pourrait également avoir des conséquences sur le fonctionnement de l’écosystème lagonaire. Au cours de ce travail de thèse, le biofouling a été étudié au travers d’une approche globale, considéré simultanément comme une contrainte pour la perliculture et comme un forçage biologique pour l’écosystème. Plusieurs expérimentations ont été réalisées dans 4 lagons de Polynésie française : Ahe, Mangareva, Rangiroa et Tahiti. Les communautés d’épibiontes ont été décrites, leur influence sur les fonctions physiologiques des huitres perlières (nutrition, croissance, reproduction) évaluée et finalement, leur rôle dans les interactions entre les élevages d’huitres perlières et l'environnement a été quantifié. Alors qu’aucun effet négatif du biofouling n’a été décelé sur la production des huitres perlières, son importance dans les processus à l’échelle de l’écosystème a été démontréeReared pearl oysters support a host of epibiont communities (ie biofouling). Biofouling control results in additional costs for farmers (handling, treatment). However, the impact of epibionts on pearl oysters and on environment remains poorly known. Epibiont communities are dominated by filter-feeder organisms, which may compete for food with pearl oysters. Although such competition could alter the commercial production, very few studies have been conducted concerning the trophic interactions between pearl oysters and epibionts in French Polynesia. Otherwise, epibionts could reinforce the influence already induced by pearl oysters on the ecosystem. During this thesis, the problem of biofouling was addressed using a holistic approach, considering it as a constraint for pearl farming and a biological forcing for the ecosystem. Several experiments have been conducted in 4 lagoons of French Polynesia: Ahe, Mangareva, Rangiroa and Tahiti. Biofouling communities have been described, their impact on pearl oysters (feeding, growth, reproduction) assessed and finally we quantified their influence in the interactions between pearl oysters’ rearing and environment. While no negative impact of biofouling was observed on pearl oysters, its importance on the ecosystem processes have been demonstrated
17
Nichols, Matthew David. "The impact of France on conflict and stability in the South Pacific." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science and Communication, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/993.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the impact of France on conflict and stability in the South Pacific from 1985-2006, with a primary focus on France's two largest regional dependencies: New Caledonia and French Polynesia. It is demonstrated that France had a largely destabilising influence prior to 1988, due to its controversial nuclear testing programme in French Polynesia, its repression of the independence movement in New Caledonia, and its failure to act on the pronounced social and economic imbalances between the local indigenous populations and the settler communities. However, France has played a more positive stabilising role since 1988, by factoring local and indigenous concerns into peace agreements in New Caledonia, disestablishing the French Polynesian nuclear testing programme in 1996, and allowing for greater integration of its dependencies into the region by granting increased autonomy to the territorial governments. Nonetheless, France's determination to retain sovereignty of its South Pacific dependencies continues to pose a latent threat to stability. The negotiated peace achieved in New Caledonia through the Noumea Accord's deferred referendum on self-determination contrasts starkly with current political instability in French Polynesia, where the power struggle between Independentist and Loyalist parties has again brought into question the impartiality of the French State. While not a theoretical study, the developed hierarchy of variables helps explain France's reluctance to grant sovereignty to its dependencies, and emphasises the importance of 'emotional interest' in the French approach. It is concluded that France's trend towards playing an increasingly stabilising role in its dependencies will be sustained only through an enduring commitment to rebalance territorial inequalities, tolerate pro-independence sentiment, and mediate impartially in local political disputes. Under these circumstances, the stability provided by France and its dependencies in the region would be preferable to the resource and funding vacuums that would be generated by a French withdrawal.
18
Mury, Florence. "Les échelles des renaissances culturelles en Polynésie française." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LIMO0113.
Full textAbstract:
En Océanie, les renaissances culturelles sont encore souvent abordées, dans les recherches (françaises notamment), sous l’angle de l’« invention de la tradition », selon une perspective favorisant un nationalisme méthodologique, minorant leur portée épistémique. Afin de permettre la pleine réception de ces renaissances culturelles dans le champ scientifique, cette thèse s’inscrit dans une démarche décoloniale et resitue ces processus dans le cadre théorique de l’énonciation d’une différence. En me focalisant sur l’étude des renaissances culturelles tahitienne, marquisienne et mangarévienne (en Polynésie française), je rends compte de la dimension géographique de ces mouvements. Pour couper court à une approche linéaire et historiciste, je développe une analyse par échelles (spatiales, surtout, temporelles, parfois) de l’énonciation de ces différences. Après avoir rappelé l’existence de controverses autour du nationalisme culturel mā’ohi et le primat de l’échelle de l’archipel dans le développement des différentes renaissances culturelles en Polynésie française, je montre comment les marges de ce territoire bénéficient, à travers ces processus, d’une reconsidération. À plus petite échelle, je questionne la faible diffusion dans ce territoire de la perspective océanienne, souvent délaissée au profit d’un subrégionalisme centré sur le « triangle polynésien ». Ceci m’amène alors à envisager la possibilité, même très minoritaire, que ces renaissances culturelles, tout en s’inscrivant dans un ordre scalaire et territorial dominant, puissent présenter une charge critique et mobilisatrice, en mesure de subvertir un statu quo marqué par la colonialitéIn Oceania, the cultural renaissances are very often tackled in the researches (namely French ones) from the standpoint of the « invention of tradition », from a perspective that favours a methodological nationalism, playing down their epistemic scope. In order to allow the full reception of those cultural renaissances in the scientific field, this thesis roots itself in a decolonial approach and sets those processes in the following theoretical frame: the enunciation of a difference. While focusing on the study of Tahitian, Marquesan and Mangarevan cultural renaissances (in French Polynesia), I report on the geographical dimension of those movements. To cut short the linear and historicist approach, I develop a scalar analysis (most of the time spatial scales, but also temporal ones) of the enunciation of those differences. After reminding the existence of controversies regarding mā’ohi cultural nationalism and the primacy of the archipelago scale in the development of different cultural renaissances in French Polynesia, I highlight how this territory fringes benefit from a reconsideration, throughout those processes. On a smaller scale, I question the low spread of the Oceania perspective, often neglected for the benefit of a subregionalism centered on the “Polynesia triangle”. This leads me to consider the possibility, even the slightest one, that those cultural renaissances, while falling within dominant scalar and territorial order, could pose a critical and mobilizing load, able to subvert a statu quo, marked by coloniality
19
Busseuil, Arnaud. "L'autonomie dans la République : bilan politique et juridique de trente années d'autonomie en Polynésie française, 1984-2014." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0008.
Full textAbstract:
La Polynésie française, collectivité d'outre-mer, vit sous le régime juridique de l'autonomie depuis 1977. Ce n'est toutefois qu'à partir de 1984 que les attributions et les symboles d'une véritable autonomie commencent à échoir à la collectivité. Or l'autonomie dans la République est source de nombreuses difficultés juridiques, entre respect d'un principe de subsidiarité à son paroxysme et conciliation des droits et libertés fondamentaux garantis par la République. Ainsi, trente années après les véritables débuts de l'autonomie polynésienne, il est désormais temps de dresser un bilan juridique et politique de l'application dans la collectivité d'un tel régime juridique. Afin de parvenir à un bilan le plus significatif possible, ce travail de recherche propose d'analyser les principales matières qui sont le soubassement du développement d'un territoire, matières dont les compétences ont été transférées à la collectivité territoriale. Ainsi, une analyse juridique et des politiques publiques issues des compétences suivantes est dressée : droit, économie, fiscalité, éducation, santé publique. De surcroît, cette recherche est l'occasion de déterminer les causes de l'échec relatif de l'autonomie polynésienne : gouvernance politique locale, statuts juridiques ou encore vacance étatique. Enfin, un bilan ne peut trouver d'intérêt que dans la projection qu'il peut susciter et il convenait donc de discuter de l'avenir de la Polynésie française, à la fois dans son développement économique et social local et dans sa relation à la République, relation qui pose à nouveau la problématique du délitement hypothétique de l'état unitaire à la françaiseFrench Polynesia, an overseas collectivity, has lived under an autonomy regime since 1977. However, it has only been since 1984 that the attributions and the symbols of a true autonomy have started to fall into the collectivity's hands. Yet, autonomy in the Republic is the source of many legal difficulties, between respecting a principle to its paroxysm and the arbitration of fundamental rights and liberties guaranteed by the Republic. Therefore, thirty years after the real start of Polynesian autonomy, it is about time to draw up a report in the most significant way possible. This research work offers an analysis of the main matters which consist of the foundation of the development of a territory, matters which competences have been transferred to the territorial collectivity. Thereby, a legal analysis and an analysis of the public politics issued from the following competences is drawn up : law, economy, tax system, education and public health. Moreover, this research is an opportunity to determine the causes of a failure in regards to Polynesian autonomy : local political governance, legal statuses or even state vacuum. Finally, such an assessment can only be of interest thanks to the projection it can provoke, and it was thus suitable to discuss the future of French Polynesia concerning both its local social and economical development as well as its relationship with the Republic, a relationship that arouses again the problematic of the hypothetical dismantling of the French unitary state
20
Calhoun, Andrew. "Systematic Patterning of Sediments in French Polynesian Coral Reef Systems." NSUWorks, 2016. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/406.
Full textAbstract:
Through a discipline termed “comparative sedimentology”, modern carbonate depositional environments have been used extensively as analogs to aid in the interpretation of equivalent fossil systems. Using field samples, GIS and remote sensing data for three isolated carbonate platforms in the Pacific, this thesis seeks to examine relationships between grain texture and grain type and their environment of deposition. The motivation is to highlight relationships that have the potential to better understand facies relations on carbonate platforms, and thereby reduce uncertainty and increase accuracy of subsurface exploration. The results of this study show that on Raivavae, Tubuai, and Bora Bora: French Polynesia grain texture and type of collected sediment samples could be used to predict water depth and relative distance lagoonward from the reef rim with ≥ 73% and ≥ 67% accuracy, respectively. The predictive relationships; however, were largely site specific. The exception being that the same relationship between water depth and the abundance of mud and coral could be used on both Raivavae (accuracy = 81%) and Tubuai (accuracy = 78%). Additionally, the abundance of coral and Halimeda in sediment samples were able to classify samples as belonging to either the platform margin or platform interior environments on Raivavae, Tubuai, and Bora Bora with 75%, 65%, and 65% accuracy, respectively. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the abundance of coral holds potential to be utilized as a proxy for distance from the reef rim on modern and ancient isolated carbonate platforms dating back to the Miocene geological epoch.
21
Deso, Gaëtan. "Entre émergence et affirmation de l’art contemporain au sein du Triangle Polynésien : étude comparée de la Polynésie française et d’Aotearoa – Nouvelle Zélande." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30067/document.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse de doctorat en Histoire de l’Art, spécialité art contemporain, tend à repositionner l’Histoire de l’Art contemporain insulaire de la Polynésie Française et d’Aotearoa – Nouvelle Zélande au sein de son histoire locale tout autant qu’au niveau international. Par le biais d’une approche combinant Histoire de l’Art et Anthropologie, sont abordés les mondes de l’art respectifs à ces deux territoires afin de mettre en évidence les spécificités historiques et artistiques de localités trop souvent couplées du fait d’un passé commun. Faite de particularismes issus de la contraction des cultures au lendemain de la colonisation, la notion d’art international ne paraît jamais aussi ethnocentrée et occidentale que lorsqu’elle est transposée et apposée au Pacifique insulaire. Par l’étude des tentatives d’émancipation à l’égard du modèle occidental et des luttes de regards, ce travail de recherche confronte les postures des divers acteurs officiant dans l’affirmation et l’intégration de l’Océanie au sein du circuit international de l’artThis PhD thesis, in contemporary Art History, aims to resituate Pacific contemporary art of French Polynesia and Aotearoa – New Zealand as much into their own history as international history. Through an Art History and Anthropological approach, the purpose of this research is to highlight the historical and artistic specificities of these two territories often paired up due to a common past. When the concept of international art is transposed and applied to Pacific islands, it appears ethnocentric and Western. The aim of this study is to show that contemporary societies, and thus also art, are the result of cultural hybridization. With a thorough examination of the emancipation attempts towards the Western model and postcolonial gaze, this research compares the positions of actors involved in the affirmation and integration of Oceania within the international art field
22
Close, Anne-Sophie. "Visions croisées dans la littérature du Grand Océan: approche comparatistes des littératures francophones et anglophones de Polynésie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209163.
Full textAbstract:
Ancrée dans les réalités du monde océanien contemporain et prenant comme thématique centrale les questions de la représentation de la terre et du lien à la terre, cette recherche doctorale consiste en une analyse comparative et écocritique des textes et contextes formant le champ particulier des littératures autochtones produites en Polynésie, tant en français qu’en anglais. Les problématiques environnementales et la question de l’attachement à la terre sont au cœur des œuvres littéraires polynésiennes contemporaines, tant francophones qu’anglophones, dont elles permettent de questionner la parenté. Le choix d’une approche critique novatrice et originale, basée sur les "postcolonial ecologies", permet de faire dialoguer « texte » et « monde » et d’ainsi toucher à l’universel. En s’attachant à certaines problématiques humanitaires et écologiques cruciales, dont l’urgence se fait de plus en plus pressante en cette ère où le réchauffement climatique et les pollutions multiples mettent en péril la survie de nombreuses cultures et écosystèmes, ce travail doctoral dépasse le domaine purement littéraire et réaffirme avec force le pouvoir de l’imagination poétique dans la réinvention d’un autre rapport au monde, plus juste socialement et écologiquement.Par le choix de son objet autant que par celui de sa méthode, où le dialogue interdisciplinaire et interculturel occupe une place essentielle, cette étude se veut doublement novatrice. Elle embrasse plusieurs objectifs. Premièrement, faire connaître une production littéraire francophone largement méconnue, issue d’une aire géographique et culturelle spécifique (la Polynésie). Deuxièmement, renforcer le dialogue trans-océanique grâce à la confrontation des productions francophones et anglophones, et s’inscrire ainsi pleinement dans l’actualité de la recherche sur les littératures océaniennes. Troisièmement, usant des apports de ce dialogue et des outils proposés par l’analyse écocritique, poser la question de l’existence ou non d’un univers littéraire trans-linguistique et océanien. Quatrièmement, contribuer à enrichir et éclairer les théories littéraires écocritiques grâce aux spécificités et aux problématiques soulevées par les littératures polynésiennes. Œuvres littéraires et méthode critique s’inscrivent donc dans un processus d’échanges et de retours constant et dynamique, s’éclairant réciproquement afin de parvenir à une compréhension mutuelle plus profonde et féconde de nouvelles possibilités.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
23
Mateata-Allain, Kareva. "Bridging our sea of islands French Polynesian literature within the Oceanic context." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2006. http://d-nb.info/989099768/04.
Full text
24
Hellec, Arnaud. "L'adaptation du droit médical en Polynésie française." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1063.
Full textAbstract:
Collectivité d'outre-mer au sens des dispositions de l'article 74 de la Constitution de la Vème République, la Polynésie française est compétente en matière de santé. C'est à ce titre qu'elle élabore, en collaboration avec l'État, un droit médical spécifique, sensé répondre à ses particularités géographiques, démographiques et culturelles. De cette spécificité découle un droit médical s'éloignant peu à peu du droit métropolitain, entraînant une inégalité de droits et/ou devoirs entre patients/praticiens polynésiens et métropolitains, pourtant citoyens de la République française. C'est également au titre de sa compétence que la Polynésie française organise son système de santé. Organisé autour d'un secteur public hérité de l'époque coloniale, et d'un secteur libéral inspiré du modèle métropolitain, celui-ci atteint ses limites. Aussi des réformes, possiblement innovantes, sont nécessaires afin d'en assurer la pérennitéFrench Polynesia is a French Oversea collectivity regarding the article 74 of the Constitution of the Vth Republic and is competent in health law and policies. It is as such that French Polynesia elaborates, in association with the French State, a specific medical law regarding its geographic, demographic and cultural specificities.From this organization ensues a local medical law marked by an increasing distortion with the metropolitan medical law, entailing an inequity of rights/duties between Polynesians and metropolitans patients/physicians, yet both being citizens of the French Republic.It is also on such basis that French Polynesia may organize its health service. Organized around a public sector inherited from colonial era, and a liberal sector inspired by the metropolitan model, the local health system reaches its limits. Hence, French Polynesia has to perform the necessary, and innovative, reforms to ensure the perpetuity of its health system
25
Aboubaker, Osman Djaltou. "Epidémiologie des mycobactéries en Polynésie française." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5033/document.
Full textAbstract:
La tuberculose est due à un groupe d’agents infectieux phylogénétiquement proches formant le complexe Mycobacterium tuberculosis, formé de dix espèces. M. tuberculosis est un bacille à croissance lente qui forme des colonies rugueuses. Le complexe M. tuberculosis comporte également des bacilles tuberculeux formant des colonies lisses à croissance rapide, isolées qu’à partir de prélèvements cliniques chez l’homme. Notre revue des articles sur ces souches a montré que les trois premiers isolats ont été obtenus chez des patients en France, à Madagascar et en Polynésie Française par Georges Canetti entre 1968 et 1970. Suite à l'isolement d'une souche lisse à partir d’un ganglion cervical chez un enfant Somali de 2 ans en 1997, ces bacilles tuberculeux ont été nommés "Mycobacterium canettii". Aujourd'hui, moins d'une centaine de ces souches ont été isolées à partir de patients exposés aux pays formant la Corne de l’Afrique, principalement la République de Djibouti, qui présente la plus forte prévalence. Nous avons procédé à l’analyse génotypique de 34 isolats de M. tuberculosis et de 87 isolats de mycobactéries non-tuberculeuses de la Polynésie Française pour voir si des telles souches persistaient.Nous avons pu décrire deux nouvelles lignées de M. tuberculosis et une nouvelle espèce de mycobactérie non-tuberculeuse. Nous avons envisagé une transmission par voie digestive de "M. canettii" et nous avons testé la résistance de "M. canettii" à la chaleur. Nous avons observé la croissance de cette dernière entre 25°C et 45°C. Les données que nous avons obtenues ici pourraient former une base en vue d'élucider les réservoirs et les sources de souches lissesTuberculosis is caused by a group of phylogenetically close infectious agents forming the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, consisting of ten species. M. tuberculosis is a slow growing bacterium which form rough colonies. The complex also includes M. tuberculosis tubercle bacilli forming smooth rapidly-growing colonies isolated from clinical specimens in humans. Our review of articles on these strains showed that the first three isolates were obtained from patients in France, Madagascar and French Polynesia by Georges Canetti between 1968 and 1970. Following the isolation of a smooth strain from cervical ganglion of a Somali 2 year-old child in 1997, the tubercle bacilli were named "Mycobacterium canettii". Today, less than a hundred of these strains were isolated from patients exposed to countries forming the Horn of Africa, especially the Republic of Djibouti, which has the highest prevalence. As showed in our revue, one smooth tubercle bacilli was isolated in Frenche Polynesia. To see if such strains persist there, we performed the genotyping of 34 isolates of M. tuberculosis and 87 isolates of non-tuberculous mycobacteria from French Polynesia. We have described two new strains of M. tuberculosis and a new species of mycobacterium tuberculosis not. We considered, on the basis of our data, a transmission through the digestive tract for "M. canettii" and we tested the resistance "Mr. canettii" to heat. We observed the growth of the latter between 25°C and 45°C. The data we got here could form a basis to elucidate the reservoirs and sources of smooth strains
26
Bessard, Rudy. "Pouvoir personnel et ressources politiques : Gaston Flosse en Polynesie francaise." Thesis, Pau, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PAUU2011/document.
Full textAbstract:
L’entrepreneur politique tend à dominer un espace sociopolitique par le jeu stratégique d’une matrice de ressources politiques. Ainsi, le leadership du notable Gaston Flosse, dans la collectivité d’outre-mer de Polynésie française, présente les facettes d’un pouvoir personnel en République. Ce type de domination de l’espace polynésien est mis en évidence par la plasticité d’un leadership politique autoritaire, fondé sur de multiples ressources matérielles et symboliques. L’étude de ce leadership politique interroge l’exercice de la démocratie représentative à Tahiti et dans la Vème RépubliqueThe strategic mobilization of multidimensional political resources allows the political leader to take power in a political space. Then, the leader uses a combination of political capacities to keep the power and extend his domination. Thus, the political leadership of the Boss Gaston Flosse, in the overseas collectivity of French Polynesia, has become a personal rule inside the French Republic. The domination of the Polynesian sociopolitical space is illustrated by the plasticity of an authoritarian leadership, which questions the expressions of democracy in Tahiti, and in the French political regime
27
André, Laure Vaitiare. "Planification spatiale systématique pour la gestion des lagons perlicoles dans le Pacifique selon une approche multicritère (biodiversité, ressources, usages, ciguatéra)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS382.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Mener des actions efficaces de conservation et gestion durable des ressources est capital. La Planification Systématique de la Conservation (PSC) identifie les zones répondant de manière optimale au compromis entre objectifs de conservation et coûts induits, afin d’apporter aux gestionnaires un support de décision transparent. Pourtant, l’état de l’art mené indique une tendance de la PSC marine en Océanie à être trop générique face aux besoins locaux, révélant plusieurs thématiques orphelines, pourtant cruciales localement. Cette thèse vise à combler cette lacune en examinant 4 questions de recherche, appliquées à trois lagons de Polynésie française. 1. Comment intégrer la ciguatéra en PSC ? 2. La PSC peut-elle guider la gestion perlicole ? 3. La PSC peut-elle contribuer utilement à la gestion traditionnelle ? 4. Comment concevoir avec la PSC des stratégies de diversification d’activités ? Connectée aux problématiques des gestionnaires, aux critères locaux et basée sur des données spatiales issues d’enquêtes aux pêcheurs, cette thèse formalise une nouvelle méthode pour intégrer la ciguatéra à la PSC et produit des résultats originaux à coûts optimisés. Deux points forts se dégagent : optimiser la gestion traditionnelle des pêches et identifier des zones de réintroduction d’huîtres perlières. Ceci confirme l’intérêt pratique et le choix initial d’une approche « think globally, act locally ». Dans un contexte où les engagements pour la conservation et la gestion durable se multiplient, la PSC s’avère être un précieux outil pour réduire l’écart entre recherche et action en proposant, en lien avec les gestionnaires, des réponses locales adaptéesEffective conservation and sustainable resource management are critical. Systematic Conservation Planning (SCP) identifies the areas that best meet the trade-offs between conservation objectives and costs, providing managers with a transparent decision support. However, our state of the art indicates a tendency for marine SCP in Oceania to be too generic regarding local needs, revealing several orphaned themes, yet crucial locally. This thesis aims to fill this gap by examining four research questions, applied to three lagoons in French Polynesia. 1. How can ciguatera be integrated into SCP? 2. Can SCP guide pearl farming management? 3. Can SCP make a useful contribution to traditional management? 4. How can strategies for diversifying activities be designed with SCP? Connected to the problems of managers, to local criteria and based on spatial data from surveys of fishers, this thesis formalizes a new method for integrating ciguatera into the SCP and produces original results with optimized costs. Two strong aspects emerge: optimizing traditional fisheries management and identifying areas for reintroducing pearl oysters. This confirms the practical interest and the initial choice of a “think globally, act locally” approach. In a context where commitments for conservation and sustainable management are multiplying, the SCP proves to be a precious tool to reduce the gap between research and action by translating, in conjunction with the managers, international ambitions into adapted local responses
28
Pillet, Valentin. "Détection et attribution des changements morphologiques côtiers récents en milieu insulaire tropical (Polynésie française, Caraïbe)." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS019.
Full textAbstract:
Les îles coralliennes d’atolls et les zones basses des îles hautes tropicales sont considérées comme comptant parmi les territoires les plus vulnérables aux impacts des événements météo-marins extrêmes et aux conséquences attendues du changement climatique. Néanmoins, alors que les littoraux métropolitains ont bénéficié d’un effort significatif d’évaluation de leurs évolutions passées de long terme, les espaces insulaires tropicaux ultramarins sont les moins documentés à l’échelle du territoire français. Partant de ce constat, cette thèse propose d’investiguer le rôle des facteurs météo-marins (cyclones, houles) et anthropiques (rigidification du trait de côte, remblaiement) dans les évolutions passées d’îles coralliennes d’atolls de Polynésie française et de plages d’îles hautes du nord des Petites Antilles.Ces travaux se basent sur un protocole méthodologique couplant l’apport de la géomatique et de la photo-interprétation assistée par ordinateur et des relevés réalisés sur les terrains étudiés. À partir d’une analyse multiscalaire (spatiale et temporelle), ils détectent et attribuent les évolutions planimétriques qu’ont connues les systèmes sédimentaires côtiers des îles étudiées. Les résultats obtenus sur les îles coralliennes abondent dans le sens des études antérieures qui établissaient que la majorité des îles a été stable ou en extension à l’échelle des dernières décennies. Ils permettent de proposer des modèles conceptuels de trajectoires d’évolutions pluridécennales et interrogent les contributions respectives des différents facteurs d’évolution considérés. Sur les plages des îles hautes, ces travaux mettent en évidence que les caractéristiques locales des sites étudiés expliquent la très forte variabilité longitudinale des évolutions détectées dans différents contextes météo-marins. Au-delà, ces travaux contribuent à alimenter l’échantillon mondial d’îles étudiées à ce jour et participent à enrichir la connaissance sur les évolutions passées des outremers insulaires françaisLow-lying reef islands and coastal areas of tropical mountainous islands are highly vulnerable to the impacts of tropical cyclones and the expected effects of climate change. However, while the French metropolitan coasts have benefited from a significant effort to assess their long-term changes, French overseas islands are the least documented areas in French Territory. Based on this observation, this thesis examines the respective contribution of natural and anthropogenic drivers in the past evolution of reef islands (French Polynesia) and mountainous island beaches (Northern Lesser Antilles). This study relies on a combined approach between geomatic and fieldwork. From a multi-scalar (spatial and temporal) analysis, we detect and attribute the planimetric changes experienced by the sedimentary systems of the studied islands. Results on reef islands are comparable to those of previous studies which established that most of the islands have been stable or in expansion over the last decades. They allow to suggest conceptual models of long-term trajectories and examine the respective contribution of the drivers considered in this study. On mountainous island beaches, this study shows that local settings explain the high longitudinal variability detected in various climatic situations. In addition, this study contributes to the global samples of studied islands and to move forward on the understanding of past coastal changes in French overseas islands
29
Alì, Maurizio. "De l'apprentissage en famille à la scolarisation républicaine. Deux cas d'étude en Guyane et en Polynésie française." Thesis, Polynésie française, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POLF0004.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse présente une analyse anthropologique de l’éducation informelle chez deux communautés autochtones de l’Outre-mer français : les Wayana-Apalaï, en Guyane, et les Enata, en Polynésie française. A partir des données recueillies grâce à un travail ethnographique de longue durée, on a pu déterminer le temps consacré aux interactions éducatives dans le milieu domestique, les styles éducatifs dominants et les logiques éducatives des membres des deux communautés. La dynamique éducative a été interprétée en tant que processus de transmission des données culturelles liées à un paysage naturel et social déterminé. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les stratégies éducatives des Wayana-Apalaï et des Enata sont modelées par les contraintes propres à la dynamique postcoloniale et des impératifs imposés par l’économie de marché.Cette proposition de recherche veut investiguer et comparer deux cas d’étude hautement significatifs à propos desquels il existe une évidente lacune dans la littérature scientifique : c’est le cas de la scolarisation des jeunes amérindiens appartenant à l’ethnie wayana et, spécifiquement, au village d’Antecume Pata, dans le Haut Maroni, en Guyane ; et celle des jeunes de langue reo ma’ohi, en Polynésie. L’hypothèse de travail est qu’il existe un évident hiatus entre les curricula qui sont appliqués dans les écoles où sont scolarisés les jeunes natifs et les dynamiques de formation parentale traditionnelles. L’objectif de cette recherche est de démontrer que la prise en compte du contexte culturel et linguistique (et surtout du rôle qu’occupe la famille dans l’éducation des jeunes) doit participer à l'acquisition des compétences citoyennes dès le plus jeune âge, surtout dans un environnement pluriethnique. Pour tester cette hypothèse, un travail de longue durée sur le terrain a été envisagé afin d’obtenir un corpus ethnographique suffisant pour une évaluation transversale en considérant comme variables les styles éducatifs, les perceptions des parents, les attentes des maitres et les curricula scolaires à partir de la question « qu’est-ce que la réussite pour les familles des élèves et en quoi diffère-t-elle de la conception institutionnelle? »This PhD thesis presents an anthropological analysis of informal education activities among two French autochthonous communities: the Wayana-Apalaï people, living in French Guiana, and the Enata people, in French Polynesia. Thanks to the data gathered through a long term ethnographic fieldwork, it was determined the time dedicated to educational interactions in the domestic environment, the dominant educational styles and the educational logic of both communities. The educational dynamic has been interpreted as a process of transmission of cultural data related to a natural and social landscape. The results obtained show that educational strategies applied by Wayana-Apalaï and Enata educators are shaped by the constraints of the post-colonial dynamics and the requirements imposed by the global market economy
Esta tesis de doctorado presenta un análisis antropológico de las actividades de educación doméstica en dos comunidades autóctonas de la Francia de ultramar: los Wayana-Apalaï, quienes viven en el sector amazónico de la Guayana francesa, y los Enata, quienes habitan la isla de Hiva Oa, en la Polinesia Francesa. Gracias a los datos recogidos a través de un trabajo etnográfico de larga duración, se determinó el tiempo dedicado a las interacciones educativas en el ámbito doméstico, los estilos educativos dominantes y las lógicas educativas de ambas comunidades. La dinámica educativa se ha interpretado en función de su papel de transmisión de los datos culturales relacionados con un paisaje natural y social. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las estrategias educativas aplicadas hoy en día por los educadores Wayana-Apalaï y los Enata intentan adaptar las lógicas educativas pre-coloniales (consideradas como “tradicionales”) a las limitaciones impuestas por la dinámica post- colonial y por la economía global
Questa tesi di dottorato presenta un'analisi antropologica delle attività di educazione informale in due comunità autoctone della Francia d’oltremare: i Wayana-Apalaï, che vivono nel settore amazzonico della Guyana francese, e gli Enata, che vivono sull’isola di Hiva Oa, in Polinesia francese. Grazie ai dati raccolti attraverso una ricerca etnografica di lunga durata (2011-2015), è stato possibile determinare il tempo dedicato alle interazioni educative in ambito domestico, gli stili educativi dominanti e le logiche educative di entrambe le comunità. La dinamica educativa è stata interpretata come un processo di trasmissione dei dati culturali legate ad un paesaggio naturale e sociale determinato. I risultati ottenuti mostrano che le strategie educative applicate dagli educatori Wayana-Apalaï ed Enata sono il prodotto di una tensione tra le logiche precoloniali (considerate come la “vera tradizione”) ed i vincoli imposti dalle dinamiche post-coloniali e dall'economia globale
30
Bollt, Robert J. "Peva the archaeology of a valley on Rurutu, Austral Islands, East Polynesia /." Thesis, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=913513661&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1234287018&clientId=23440.
Full text
31
Kuwahara, Makiko. "Making multiple skins : tattooing and identity formation in French Polynesia." Phd thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10889.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines hoe people situate themselves in the world, physically and
ideologically through manipulating the body. Acknowledging that the body is
constructed socially and culturally, it analyses tattooing of contemporary Tahiti in
French Polynesia, on the basis of ethnographic fieldwork. Tahitian tattooing was embedded in a social and cosmological system in the pre/
early contact period, and it had been transformed through interaction with Europeans
and Christianization. Since it was abandoned due to missionaries' suppression in the
1830s, there was an undeniable absence oftattooing in Tahitian history until its revival
in the 1980s. The socio-cultural implications of tattooing in the pre-/early contact period
were displaced by those of youth culture, globalization, modernization, and prison
culture. The thesis examines this discontinuous nature of Tahitian tattooing which is
different from other Polynesian tattooing such as Samoan, and its impact on the
contemporary revival. It also aims to address the issues of corporeality, spatiality, temporality, and
ideology of tattooing. The thesis explores the formation of identities and social relationships, through examining the mobility and confinement of people, object, practice, and knowledge, in the context of taure'are'a (adolescent) culture, exchange between Tahitian and non-Tahitian tattooists, geo-politics within French polynesia and in the Pacific, and the prison culture. It also investigates the concept of sequence of time, by analysing the significance of "the past", "tradition", and "ancient" in the discourse of tattooing on the process of constructing adolescent masculinity, and that of the cultural and ethnic identities: and also the concept of the past, present and future in the discourse of art festivals and in the prisoners' contemplation. The thesis shows that tattooing is an embodiment and representation of identities
and social relationships resulting from objectification of their own body, and others, in a
shared time and space, and it is also a way of making discontinuous history continuous,
and secluded and disconnected places interconnected.
32
Love, Susan Betty. "Tahitian French: the vernacular French of the Society Islands, French Polynesia. A study in language contact and variation." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12628.
Full textAbstract:
The study oflanguage contact has expanded and consolidated over recent years, with
theoretical approaches moving beyond a traditional pidgin and creole classification to
encompass a wider variety of languages from a variety of contact situations. Studies
of migrant language, mixed and restructured varieties and new vernaculars have contributed
to a growing understanding of language contact and language change, and to a
growing number of labels for the new varieties. This study examines one such variety,
the French spoken by the Polynesians of the Society Islands, French Polynesia. It is
argued that this variety exhibits a number of features which place it in the category of
contact languages, but also that it does not fit neatly within the subcategories defined by
current labels.
Tahitian French, as we call this vernacular, is the result of contact between a small
but dominant minority of French immigrants with a relatively homogeneous majority of
Polynesians in their own islands. The sociolinguistic situation does not provide the classic
multiple-substrate or displaced population scenarios of pidgins and creoles, nor does
the language display the criteria of indigenised or restructured varieties. Additionally,
both the prestige administrative language, French, and the local vernacular, Tahitian,
still remain in active use, forming three poles of linguistic and social influence.
Tahitian French is a continuum varying from an acrolect approaching colloquial
French to a basilect heavily influenced by features from Tahitian. It has a set of stable
features while admitting more variation than standard spoken French. It is used as
a socially marking identity vernacular and its use is contextually defined, with many
speakers able to choose and adjust their range of the continuum based on these factors.
This thesis begins with an introduction to the historical and social situation of French
Polynesia, followed by an examination of the current literature on the islands and the
field oflanguage contact. The core of the work is a linguistic description of the phonology,
lexicon and granunatical features of Tahitian French. For this section, a comparative
approach is taken in order to clearly analyse the differences between standard
French and Tahitian French. The influence of Tahitian is assessed through comparison
with colloquial Tahitian structures and numerous transfer features are described. The
description is extensively illustrated with examples of Tahitian French recorded during
two field trips to Tahiti and the Society Islands. Following the descriptive section, a discussion
of sociolinguistic factors situates the linguistic data, complemented by a series
of case studies on individual speakers with selected texts presented in the Appendices.
A detailed examination of the central themes of the thesis and analysis of the models
presented then draw out the theoretical implications of the study. A short concluding
chapter situates the study and expands the scope of the thesis.
33
Newell, Jennifer Elizabeth. "Tahitians, Europeans and ecological exchange 1767-1827." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149769.
Full text
34
Driessen, Hank A. H. "From Ta'aroa to 'oro : an exploration of themes in the traditional culture and history of the Leeward Society Islands." Phd thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116923.
Full textAbstract:
That most studies of the Society Islands primarily deal with the windward group, is
due to the post-contact history of the archipelago. From its discovery in 1767,
Tahiti became the preferred anchorage for European ships in need of provisions.
Missionaries and traders followed. Consequently, our sources are richest for the
windward Society Islands.
The centre of the indigenous universe, however, was in the leeward Society Islands
and these are the main focus of this study. Myths, traditions, symbolisms,
genealogies, speech and language are analysed to uncover some of the culture’s
fundamental themes and patterns and to gain insights into the indigenous ethos.
The first chapter deals with the origins of the people. Traditional beliefs in an
ancient homeland were noted as early as 1769 and are consistent with vernacular
texts recorded many decades later. The findings of linguistics and archaeology
relating to the problem of origins and population dispersals are also examined.
Interpretations of the latter evidence are at variance with the claims of Society
Islands traditions.
Cosmogony is the subject of chapter two, which examines the traditional cosmic
structure and the interaction between its binary polarities, Po and Ao. Concepts of
time, place, origins and ultimate destination were shaped by the cosmic structure.
The major event of the ritual calendar entailed a re-enactment of cosmogony. An
analysis of original vernacular texts reveals a dialectic of the raw and the cooked.
Excretal aspects of ritual and myth hitherto ignored by the culture studies of the
region are given meaning. Contextual meanings of tapu. ra’a and noa are examined.
Marae were places of ritual at the intersection of Po and Ao.
Chapter three further explores the Po-Ao theme. Chiefs were the intermediaries
between the two realms and embodied society’s ora or well-being. Death was a
return to the beginning and defined by loss of ora. The place of origin had a
physical location in the leeward Society Islands, which was hedged with oral
symbolisms consistent with perceptions of the body as pathways between Po and Ao.
Chapter four analyses genealogies and marae which together formed the heart of the
culture, providing linkages between past and present. The only cosmogonic
genealogy known for the archipelago is examined in detail. Changes and shifts in
mythology are reflections of the increasing socio-political importance of certain
marae.
In chapter five, cosmogony is traced to the first human ancestors and sacred chiefs
of Raiatea and Borabora. The conflicting traditions of certain significant marae
cannot now be resolved in the absence of other evidence. The ’Oro cult peculiar to
the Society Islands may have originated in another archipelago. Genealogies and
traditions reveal a historical Boraboran dominance over the sacred centre at Raiatea
that possibly goes back to the introduction of ’Oro. The Boraboran warrior-chief
Puni of Cook’s time, reasserted this traditional dominance. During Puni’s reign rumours reached the Society Islands, concerning strange beings
and wondrous vessels passing through the nearby Tuamotus. The likely immediate
source of these rumours are examined in chapter six. They were translated into
prophecies consistent with the traditional universe and the political situation in the
leeward islands. The prophecies heralded the cultural changes to come with the
discovery of Tahiti.
35
Prebble, Matthew. "Islands, floras and history : an environmental history of plant introduction and extinction on the Austral Islands, French Polynesia." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/109807.
Full textAbstract:
Jared Diamond has recently suggested that the unique societal and floral attributes of Easter Island
(Rapa Nui) and Tikopia may be a result of their geographical and historical isolation. In what
Diamond proposes as the 'orthodox' understanding of these islands, I suggest that the discovery of
material remains of the extinct Easter lsland palm cf Paschalococcus disperta and the introduced
Tikopian tree crop Canarium harveyi can be seen to represent fundamentally different social
strategies for alleviating problems of isolation. In developing a synthesis of evidence for plant
introductions and extinctions from the Austral Islands in French Polynesia, I question whether the
botanical discoveries on Easter Island and Tikopia allow for the establishment of a robust model of
environmental transformation in the Pacific Islands following human colonization.
Despite the totality of explanation proposed in this orthodox picture of Pacific Islands, defining
the course of events that led to the establishment and proliferation of human trans-located plant
species or the extinction of indigenous plant species is by no means straightforward. There are
geographical and historical biases that for many plant species render the relationship between human
colonization and the geographic distribution of plants untenable particularly in relation to the
downstream effects of human-generated disturbances. Just as some introduced taxa may become
naturalized on islands once released, some indigenous taxa may decline or face extinction on their
own accord in response to other environmental factors independently of human activity.
The relationship between human colonization and phytogeographic patterning on the Austral
Islands is assessed through the examination of multiple lines of botanical evidence. These include
historical documentation from early explorer or missionary accounts, oral traditions, sub-fossil
archaeological and palaeobotanical remains and the assessment of molecular phylogeographic
patterning. Each line of evidence has a different chronological representation and each is preserved
differently in different geographical settings. ln synthesizing this information I follow an historical
method proposed by Femand Braudel which first establishes the duration of each line of evidence
then explores the overlap between their chronological and geographical representations. It is at these
points of overlap that a more robust history is revealed.
By following this historical structure I argue that much of the Diamond's 'orthodox' model has
a weak foundation. Material evidence from the Austral lslands suggests that the cases of Easter Island
and Tikopia are not unique and that the chronological interpretation of plant extinction or
introduction events may be distorted. Palm trees (Arecaceae: Iguanurinae type) have also become
extinct on the Austral Islands and palm forest decline appears to correspond to the establishment and
expansion of introduced tuber and tree crops. The chronology of these extinctions and introductions established from the examination of microfossil remains from sedimentary deposits on Rapa and
Rimatara are generally synchronous. I suggest that changes in land-use following European contact
directed the final extinction of some plant species including the Iguanurinae type palm on Rimatara.
With the resolution of chronological evidence for the Austral Islands, particularly from
palaeobotanical evidence, I suggest that most plant extinctions either occurred at the onset of human
colonization or were delayed until after European contact.
36
Thomas, Nicholas Jeremy. "Social and cultural dynamics in early Marquesan history." Phd thesis, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/113396.
Full textAbstract:
This study is concerned with the early social and political history of the Marquesas
Islands in eastern Polynesia. This history is seen in part as a cultural process, and as one
which cannot be dissociated from a wider Polynesian context of development and
transformation.
The first part reconstructs indigenous Marquesan social relations, drawing
particularly upon evidence from Taiohae, Nukuhiva, and Tahuata. Although Marquesan
societies could be described as ‘chiefdoms’, chiefs lacked potency because they were not
associated with vital prosperity rituals - arguably the basis of chiefly power in many parts
of Polynesia. Various other individuals, particularly landholders and shamanistic priests,
appeared to have benefitted from an erosion of chiefly power. The interpenetration of a
diffuse power structure and gender relations is examined.
In chapter 4 it is argued that a particular system existed in which the process of
competitive feasting played a key role in producing and maintaining prestige. Variations
within the Marquesas are examined. In chapter 5 the apparent association between weak
chiefs and powerful shamanistic priests is discussed. On the basis of evidence from various
parts of Polynesia it is argued that important shamans are generally found where political
devolution - specifically, a contraction of chiefly agency - has taken place. Where a strong
ideology of hierarchical chiefly encompassment persists, shamans are non-existent or
marginal.
Chapters 6 and 7 deal with the transformations of the system during the first
decades of intensive contact. Captain David Porter, who occupied the islands and
involved himself in local disputes in 1813, was perceived as a conqueror chief and caused a
new interest to develop on the part of Marquesan chiefs in links with Europeans and
European weapons. The consequences of this reorientation on Tahuata in the 1830s and
on Fatuiva in the 1850s are discussed.
Chapter 8 moves to a consideration of the consequences of famine for the
Marquesan polity and the longer term process of social transformation. Marquesan
society is seen to reflect an earlier process of stratification which entailed the formation of
a group of landholders subordinate to chiefs which was followed by an erosion of chiefly
agency leaving unequal economic relations intact. The pertinence of this process for gender relations is considered, and theories of Polynesian social evolution are reconsidered
in the light of the Marquesan material.
The prologue and epilogue explore the peculiarities of the Marquesan case in the
context of myth. Some Marquesan stories of predatory female characters reflect a wider
concern with invasion, displacement and ravaging - a preoccupation which is explicable
given periodic social crises involving the breakdown of reciprocal relationships.
37
Dunn, Liloa Makinney. "New plants, new diseases, new practices : the changing face of ethnomedicine in Hiva Oa, Marquesas Islands." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20445.
Full text
38
Stillman, Amy K. "Hīmene Tahiti ethnoscientific and ethnohistorical perspectives on choral singing and Protestant hymnody in the Society Islands, French Polynesia /." 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/30132860.html.
Full text
39
Yaroshewski, Vicky. "Genetic Effects of Pearl Culture Practices and Recruitment of the Black-Lipped Pearl Oyster (Pinctada margaritifera) in French Polynesia." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10222/14394.
Full textAbstract:
French Polynesia relies solely on the collection of wild Pinctada margaritifera spat for pearl oyster culture. This was developed to help protect the wild populations from overexploitation, but it is feared that massive spat collection could lead to erosion of genetic diversity both in farmed and wild stocks.
Wild and farmed collections of P. margaritifera from four atolls in French Polynesia were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci to determine whether there was a loss of genetic diversity from the wild to adjacent farmed aggregations. The average allelic richness for wild samples was not significantly different from that seen for farmed samples, but there was a significant effect of atoll and locus. Pair-wise genetic differentiation (FST) was not significant between adjacent wild and farmed collections or across atolls. Overall there was no evidence for a loss of genetic variability in farmed oysters. Both farmed and wild individuals analyzed here were adults and could have originated from multiple spawning events in time and space. This could have masked genetic processes linked to recruitment happening at a finer scale. P. margaritifera demonstrates high recruitment variability, but the number of parents contributing to a successful cohort of juveniles recruited on collectors is unknown. Low effective number of breeders and variable recruitment are assumed to be responsible for the genetic patchiness that has been observed at a small spatial scale for this species and this could lead to a loss of genetic diversity in both the farmed and wild stocks.
The genetic diversity and family make-up of three groups of 1.5 year old oysters were assessed using 13 microsatellite markers. These individuals were harvested on collectors in three closely located sites of the Takapoto atoll. Higher recruitment density and higher allelic richness was observed in one zone compared to the other two. Significant genetic differentiation was also observed at a small spatial scale. Pair-wise FST estimates between collectors within zone were not significant, but were generally significant across zones. Estimates of effective population size and number of families present for these individuals were larger than expected and suggested that the numbers of parents contributing to the recruits on these collector lines were not limited. Similar results were obtained when assessing monthly cohorts of recruits collected in Takapoto over 5 months with 11 microsatellites. Levels of allelic richness were not significantly different among monthly cohorts, and were comparable to the levels observed in the adult samples above. Small but significant temporal genetic differentiation was observed between the monthly cohorts. Again, there was no evidence for low effective population size or for significant family structuring and it did not appear that a limited number of parents produced these temporal cohorts.
Patchy genetic structure was observed, but recruitment on collectors does not seem to be driven by a limited number of successful parents. It does not appear that the current pearl culture practices are negatively impacting the local farmed and wild stocks of P. margaritifera in French Polynesia by reducing their levels of genetic diversity.
40
Gonschor, Lorenz R. "Law as a tool of oppression and liberation: institutional histories and perspectives on political independence in Hawaiʻi, Tahiti Nui / French Polynesia and Rapa Nui." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20375.
Full text
41
Gibb, Giselle Renee. "Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the South Pacific breeding grounds : an allocation from feeding areas and an abundance estimate of whales specific to French Polynesia waters." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/11995.
Full textAbstract:
South Pacific humpback whales were devastated by commercial whaling in their
Antarctic feeding areas during the 20th century. Understanding migratory
connections and current abundance of these isolated breeding stocks is crucial
for the allocation of historical Antarctic catches in population dynamic models
used to assess current recovery. However, only a small number of migratory
connections have been documented between Oceania breeding stocks within the
South Pacific and feeding areas in the Antarctic. In addition, little is known about
abundance of these stocks which encompass a vast oceanic region. For this
thesis I first used mixed-stock analysis (MSA) to allocate migratory connections
from four Antarctic feeding areas (n=142) to seven South Pacific breeding stocks
(n=1,373), including four in Oceania, based on genetic marker frequencies. The
use of this method was justified by the breeding stocks showing genetic
differentiation at the haplotype level with an F[subscript ST] value of 0.027 (p-value <0.001).
The results showed a relatively strong connection of Western Australia to
Antarctic Area IV, Tonga to the border of Antarctic Area VI/I, Colombia to the
Antarctic Peninsula, and a split allocation of Eastern Australia and New
Caledonia to Antarctic Area V. This study provides the first population-level
information supporting previous individual-based studies that humpback whale
migration may not necessarily be direct north south. Next, utilizing capture-recapture
methodology of unique humpback whale fluke photographs, I
estimated abundance of one of the least studied Oceania breeding stocks,
French Polynesia, a stock which also showed no significant migratory allocation
using MSA. Taking into consideration the possible advantages of using Quality
Control (QC) photographs to minimize bias in matching, estimates were
generated using the complete photo catalogue and also using only photographs
adhering to QC criteria. I found that the choice of using QC has an effect on the
abundance generated and discuss the implications of this finding. Despite the
photo catalogue used, the French Polynesia stock is estimated to number less
than 1,900 individuals. Lastly, to provide additional information on the French
Polynesia stock I used photo-identification to compare French Polynesia whales
to whales in the Antarctic Peninsula and Strait of Magellan (Antarctic Area I), a
possible migratory connection suggested by previous microsatellite genotyping.
No conclusive matches were found. Although this does not discount the
possibility of a few migrants traveling between these regions it does indicate the
Antarctic Peninsula and the Strait of Magellan are not primary feeding areas of
French Polynesia. This new information regarding abundance and migration of
French Polynesia whales is important for the Comprehensive Assessment of
Southern Hemisphere humpback whales. This document is currently being
completed as the International Whaling Commission considers the next critical
steps in recovery for Oceania humpback whales stocks.Graduation date: 2010
42
Thimm, Tatjana. "Kultureller Wandel in Französisch-Polynesien vor dem Hintergrund ausländischer Einflussnahme und endogener Entwicklung - Ausgangssituation für nachhaltige Tourismusprojekte der indigenen Bevölkerung der Maohi." 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-B252-F.
Full text
43
Bodláková, Nina. "Teritoriální štěpení: vývoj vztahů mezi kontinentální Francií a jejími zámořskými územími v jižním Tichomoří." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-346822.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines the development of relations between mainland France (center) and its peripheries, French Polynesia and New Caledonia, which are located in the South Pacific. The thesis aims at answering the following questions: which factors have played a role in the mobilization of the peripheral cultures against the dominant center? How has the center reacted to the peripheral mobilization and its demands? Why has the separatism become much stronger in New Caledonia than in French Polynesia? The thesis examines the historical, societal and political developments in French Polynesia and New Caledonia since the dawn of their colonization till the present day in order to respond to the stipulated questions.
44
Binarová, Moe. "Ustavení a rozvrácení exotického mýtu." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-342263.
Full textAbstract:
The present dissertation outlines the main phases of the development of exoticism: its evolution from the discovery of Tahiti and its basic manifestations and transformations in French and Czech literature from the end of the eighteenth century to the 1930's. It focuses on the birth of the myth of Tahiti as a heavenly place (Bougainville), on its immediate philosophical interpretation in the period of Enlightenment (Diderot) and on its transposition to literature in a broader shape. At times, the island of Tahiti was gradually vanishing from the exotic myth behind another, more indefinite, exotic and ideal place, culture etc., while at other times, the presence of Tahiti was absolutely crucial. In the first half of the nineteenth century, the myth of the exotic paradise renewed literature and enriched it with new themes and motives (Chateaubriand, Romanticism), which, however, led progressively to the creation of simplified schemes and clichés. These, due to their repetitive nature, degraded the image of the myth (Loti). Although the superficial and unsophisticated adaptation of exoticism lasted until the twentieth century (Havlasa, Novák), in the meantime, from the second half of the nineteenth century, the myth of Tahiti was being radically reassessed and transposed to literature in a new way....
45
Cahyarini, Sri Yudawati [Verfasser]. "Paired δ18O [delta-18-O] and Sr-Ca records of Porites corals from Tahiti (Frensch Polynesia) and Timor (Indonesia) / vorgelegt von Sri Yudawati Cahyarini." 2006. http://d-nb.info/980883342/34.
Full text
46
Owczarska, Małgorzata. "PRZEBUDZENIE KULTUROWE NA TAHITI. TOŻSAMOŚĆ, ŚRODOWISKO i MOBILNOŚĆ W DZIAŁALNOŚCI STOWARZYSZEŃ TAHITAŃSKICH." Doctoral thesis, 2015. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/1275.
Full textAbstract:
Niniejsza praca opowiada o utracie i odbudowie własnego sposobu konstruowania świata przez Mā’ohi – rdzennych mieszkańców Tahiti, oraz osadza je w szerszym kontekście globalnych problemów ekologicznych. We współczesnym Tahiti, mieszkańcy borykają się z kryzysem tożsamości kulturowej (będącym wynikiem kolonializmu) i globalną destabilizacją ekologiczną. Oddolną odpowiedź na te problemy wypracowują stowarzyszenia tahitańskich aktywistów. Opisuję historię dwóch z nich – Haururu zajmującego się starymi polinezyjskimi świątyniami w dolinie Papeno’o; oraz Fa’afaite te Ao Mā’ohi, które pracuje na rzecz odnowy polinezyjskich tradycji żeglarskich. Ich działalność wpisuje się w lokalny ruch odnowy rdzennej kultury, jak również w światowy aktywizm ekologiczny. W rzeczywistości bowiem nie mamy do czynienia z odrębnymi problemami. Stawiam tezę, że ochrona środowiska i przebudzenie kulturowe Mā’ohi są obecnie jednym zjawiskiem, wypływającym z polinezyjskiej ontologii, a jednocześnie wyrastającym z dzisiejszych największych problemów i potencjału ich rozwiązywania. Członkowie stowarzyszeń starają się rehabilitować nierozerwalny, podtrzymujący życie i tożsamość wyspiarzy węzła relacji (nati) pomiędzy ziemią, morzem i ludźmi. Odnowa wielowymiarowych relacji z lądem i oceanem, historią, duchowością, praktykami i wiedzą przodków w warunkach postkolonializmu, globalizacji i zmian klimatycznych jest jednym z podstawowych założeń współczesnego aktywizmu na Tahiti, a szerzej Polinezji. Zadam sobie pytanie o to, jak rekonstruuje się dziś te więzi oraz co oznacza w tym procesie stara polinezyjska świątynia – marae oraz va’a – pełnomorska piroga żeglowna. Aktywiści odwołują się bowiem do wiedzy, wartości i historii ich przodków (tupuna), łącząc je z współczesnymi technologiami, czy ideałami, aby kształtować bezpieczniejszą przyszłość dla nadchodzących pokoleń. Tożsamość Mā’ohi, środowisko, postkolonializm oraz szeroko rozumiana mobilność zaczynają tworzyć interesujący splot relacji, odgrywający kluczową rolę w opisywanych zjawiskach.
Pierwsza część pracy wprowadza czytelnika w inspiracje teoretyczne, na kanwie których powstał tekst (również tych wywodzących się z myśli tahitańskiej). Opisuję w niej też historyczny kontekst formułowania się dzisiejszej postkolonialnej rzeczywistości wyspy. Druga część skoncentrowana jest na działaniach stowarzyszenia Haururu, jako przykładzie wiązania wielowymiarowych relacji wyspiarzy z ziemią. Nie ogranicza się to jedynie do praktycznych przejawów troski o lokalne plaże, rzeki, dolinę czy góry. Aktywiści odwołują się do mitologii i podań tahitańskich, tańców i pieśni, lokalnych przestrzeni czy duchowości, aby zmagać się o własną tożsamość, rehabilitować tubylcze historie oraz odzyskać kontrolę nad stworzoną przez kolonializm i chrystianizację wyspiarską rzeczywistość. Ma to polegać głównie na pojednaniu się i ponownym połączeniu z własną ziemią. W drugiej trzeciej pracy przedstawiam Polinezyjczyków jako spadkobierców voyaging culture/ voyaging people (kultury podróży, ludu podróży), w której dalekosiężne wyprawy morskie, stanowią jedną z podstaw ontologii. Zadam pytanie, czym jest mobilność rdzennych Polinezyjczyków w świecie współczesnym oraz jakie ma znaczenie dla wyspiarzy w globalnych zmaganiach z destabilizacją środowiska? Dzięki odrodzeniu zapomnianej sztuki żeglowania współcześni aktywiści starają się zredefiniować postrzeganie oceanu i powrócić do zamieszkiwania morza.
Tym samym odniosę się do ogólnych pytań o relacje człowieka z naturą oraz o to, co oznacza zamieszkiwać wyspę i ocean. Praca ma też na celu zademonstrowanie wyspiarskich sposobów na rozwiązanie globalnych problemów ekologicznych. Niewątpliwie można z nich czerpać na poziomie międzynarodowym, jako z dobrych praktyk opartych na głębokiej, a jakże dziś potrzebnej myśli, przeformułowującej postrzeganie miejsca człowieka w świecie.
The thesis tells the story of losing and reconstructing the indigenous Tahitian ways of understanding and inhabiting the island and the sea. It is highly related to the wider context of global ecological problems. The Tahitians are suffering from postcolonial identity crises and the global climate destabilization. The island’s activists are trying to address these issues. I describe two associations: Haururu that guards the ancient Polynesian temple complex in the Papeno’o Valley, and Fa’afaite te Ao Mā’ohi that works for the renewal of the Polynesian sailing traditions. The activities of both organizations are part of grassroots, local movement for cultural renewal and global ecological activism. It is not surprising, since both of the concerns, cultural and environmental, are actually one issue. I argue that caring for the environment and the Mā’ohi cultural awakening are one phenomenon that originates from the Polynesian ontology, and at the same time, comes from the need to resolve the most urgent, contemporary crises. The members of the associations are trying to rehabilitate inextricable, life and identity-sustaining bonds of relations (nati) between the land, the sea and the people. The renewal of multidimensional relations with the island, the ocean, the history, the spirituality, the practices, and the knowledge of the ancestors in the postcolonial, global and climatically unstable reality is one of the core concerns for Tahitian, and wider Polynesian, activism. I asked the question of how the islanders reconstruct these bonds, and what the marae (ancestral temple) and the va’a (voyaging canoe) mean to the process.
The activists are combining their tupuna (ancestors’) values, knowledge and history with contemporary technologies and ideals to build a better future for generations to come. Mā’ohi identity, environment, postcolonialism, and mobility interweave into a knot of relations that play the key role in the described processes.
The first part of the text introduces my theoretical inspiration including those coming from Tahitian thought. I refer, as well, to the historical context of Tahitian postcolonialism. The second part focuses on the activities of Haururu as an example of the bonding multidimensional relations of the islanders with the land. It is not limited to practical caring for the valley, rivers, mountains or littoral zone. The activists draw from Tahitian mythology, local legends, they dance and chant, redefine spaces and invoke ancestral spirituality. In this manner they struggle for their identity, rehabilitation of indigenous history, and to regain control over the island reality that has been structured by colonialism and Christianization. They search for reconciliation and reconnection to the land. In the third part the Polynesians are described as heirs to the voyaging culture/ voyaging people, for whom the most important ontological statements are connected to long distance seafaring. I will reflect on indigenous, Polynesian, mobility today and what its significance is for the environmental and the cultural struggle. I think that by reinstituting the forgotten art of their ancestors’ navigation and sailing, the activists reframe people’s perception of the ocean and enable them to reclaim their ability to inhabit the sea.
The described above reflection introduces more general questions about human–nature relations and the meanings of inhabiting an island or a sea. I try to underline the islanders’ input in resolving the global ecological problems with practices that draw from profound, and I think internationally needed, thought that redefines the human position in the World.
47
Alí, Maurizio. "De l'apprentissage en famille à la scolarisation républicaine. Deux cas d'étude en Guyane et en Polynésie française." Thesis, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POLF0004.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse présente une analyse anthropologique de l’éducation informelle chez deux communautés autochtones de l’Outre-mer français : les Wayana-Apalaï, en Guyane, et les Enata, en Polynésie française. A partir des données recueillies grâce à un travail ethnographique de longue durée, on a pu déterminer le temps consacré aux interactions éducatives dans le milieu domestique, les styles éducatifs dominants et les logiques éducatives des membres des deux communautés. La dynamique éducative a été interprétée en tant que processus de transmission des données culturelles liées à un paysage naturel et social déterminé. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les stratégies éducatives des Wayana-Apalaï et des Enata sont modelées par les contraintes propres à la dynamique postcoloniale et des impératifs imposés par l’économie de marché.Cette proposition de recherche veut investiguer et comparer deux cas d’étude hautement significatifs à propos desquels il existe une évidente lacune dans la littérature scientifique : c’est le cas de la scolarisation des jeunes amérindiens appartenant à l’ethnie wayana et, spécifiquement, au village d’Antecume Pata, dans le Haut Maroni, en Guyane ; et celle des jeunes de langue reo ma’ohi, en Polynésie. L’hypothèse de travail est qu’il existe un évident hiatus entre les curricula qui sont appliqués dans les écoles où sont scolarisés les jeunes natifs et les dynamiques de formation parentale traditionnelles. L’objectif de cette recherche est de démontrer que la prise en compte du contexte culturel et linguistique (et surtout du rôle qu’occupe la famille dans l’éducation des jeunes) doit participer à l'acquisition des compétences citoyennes dès le plus jeune âge, surtout dans un environnement pluriethnique. Pour tester cette hypothèse, un travail de longue durée sur le terrain a été envisagé afin d’obtenir un corpus ethnographique suffisant pour une évaluation transversale en considérant comme variables les styles éducatifs, les perceptions des parents, les attentes des maitres et les curricula scolaires à partir de la question « qu’est-ce que la réussite pour les familles des élèves et en quoi diffère-t-elle de la conception institutionnelle? »This PhD thesis presents an anthropological analysis of informal education activities among two French autochthonous communities: the Wayana-Apalaï people, living in French Guiana, and the Enata people, in French Polynesia. Thanks to the data gathered through a long term ethnographic fieldwork, it was determined the time dedicated to educational interactions in the domestic environment, the dominant educational styles and the educational logic of both communities. The educational dynamic has been interpreted as a process of transmission of cultural data related to a natural and social landscape. The results obtained show that educational strategies applied by Wayana-Apalaï and Enata educators are shaped by the constraints of the post-colonial dynamics and the requirements imposed by the global market economy
Esta tesis de doctorado presenta un análisis antropológico de las actividades de educación doméstica en dos comunidades autóctonas de la Francia de ultramar: los Wayana-Apalaï, quienes viven en el sector amazónico de la Guayana francesa, y los Enata, quienes habitan la isla de Hiva Oa, en la Polinesia Francesa. Gracias a los datos recogidos a través de un trabajo etnográfico de larga duración, se determinó el tiempo dedicado a las interacciones educativas en el ámbito doméstico, los estilos educativos dominantes y las lógicas educativas de ambas comunidades. La dinámica educativa se ha interpretado en función de su papel de transmisión de los datos culturales relacionados con un paisaje natural y social. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que las estrategias educativas aplicadas hoy en día por los educadores Wayana-Apalaï y los Enata intentan adaptar las lógicas educativas pre-coloniales (consideradas como “tradicionales”) a las limitaciones impuestas por la dinámica post- colonial y por la economía global
Questa tesi di dottorato presenta un'analisi antropologica delle attività di educazione informale in due comunità autoctone della Francia d’oltremare: i Wayana-Apalaï, che vivono nel settore amazzonico della Guyana francese, e gli Enata, che vivono sull’isola di Hiva Oa, in Polinesia francese. Grazie ai dati raccolti attraverso una ricerca etnografica di lunga durata (2011-2015), è stato possibile determinare il tempo dedicato alle interazioni educative in ambito domestico, gli stili educativi dominanti e le logiche educative di entrambe le comunità. La dinamica educativa è stata interpretata come un processo di trasmissione dei dati culturali legate ad un paesaggio naturale e sociale determinato. I risultati ottenuti mostrano che le strategie educative applicate dagli educatori Wayana-Apalaï ed Enata sono il prodotto di una tensione tra le logiche precoloniali (considerate come la “vera tradizione”) ed i vincoli imposti dalle dinamiche post-coloniali e dall'economia globale
48
Keady, Joseph. "A Translation of Dominik Nagl’s Grenzfälle with an Introductory Analysis of the Translation Process." 2020. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/881.
Full textAbstract:
My thesis is an analysis of my own translation of a chapter from Dominik Nagl's legal history 'Grenzfälle,' which addresses questions of citizenship and nationality in the context of the German colonies in Africa and the South Pacific. My analysis focuses primarily on strategies that I used in an effort to preserve the strangeness of a linguistic context that is, in many ways, "foreign" to twenty first-century North Americans while also striving to avoid reproducing the violence embedded in language that is historically laden with extreme power disparities.