Journal articles: 'French references'

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Mihaela Alexandra, Tudor, and Bratosin Stefan. "French Media Representations towards Sustainability: Education and Information through Mythical-Religious References." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 9, 2020): 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052095.

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The present article aims to analyze the representations and the role of symbolic forms of mythical-religious thought in the mediatization of sustainability. A main corpus of items, composed of the media information and news offer covered by the mainstream French media, and a secondary corpus, as important, related to Francophone scientific articles, was considered. The study, conducted on French media news referenced by the Google search engine between 2009 and 2018, highlights a production of secular meaning of sustainability through mythical-religious references, a growth in the spiritualization of media content of the journalistic offer on sustainability, and the hegemony of the media, the omnipotence of the mediatized thing producing “an effect of Church” by legitimizing a certain “truth” of the information.

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Shepard, Todd. "Algeria, France, Mexico, UNESCO: a transnational history of anti-racism and decolonization, 1932–1962." Journal of Global History 6, no. 2 (June 13, 2011): 273–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174002281100026x.

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AbstractTwo crucial terms in discussions about racial or ethnic relations – ‘discrimination’ and ‘integration’ – first appeared in official French documents in the 1950s. They quickly became key references in the government’s pioneering efforts, in response to the Algerian revolution, to recognize the importance and fight against the effects of French racism on ‘Muslim French citizens from Algeria’. This policy was named ‘integrationism’; its premises and measures had overseas inspirations and it was bureaucrats from an international organization who made such policy models available for French adoption. All of this was possible because of transnational networks of social scientists, which included some who helped author them as well as others who studied and wrote about them. More specifically, it was projects and claims from Mexico that provided the most direct references for French integrationist policies and it was through the efforts of UNESCO that French integrationists gained detailed knowledge about them.

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Moehkardi, Rio Rini Diah. "Book Review. Nominalisasi Bahasa Prancis: Kaidah dan Kesulitan Pembelajarannya." Jurnal Humaniora 29, no. 1 (February 27, 2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.22573.

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As stated by its author, Ferhadius Endi, his book is dedicated to Indonesian learners of French who often find difficulties in understanding French word formations, in particular the nominalization. Not only is French nominalization a complex word formation process, but also the fact that it is mostly explained in French references that give more difficulties for Indonesians learners to understand this particular area.

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Moehkardi, Rio Rini Diah. "BOOK REVIEW. Nominalisasi Bahasa Prancis: Kaidah dan Kesulitan Pembelajarannya." Jurnal Humaniora 29, no. 1 (February 27, 2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jh.v29i1.22573.

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As stated by its author, Ferhadius Endi, his book is dedicated to Indonesian learners of French who often find difficulties in understanding French word formations, in particular the nominalization. Not only is French nominalization a complex word formation process, but also the fact that it is mostly explained in French references that give more difficulties for Indonesians learners to understand this particular area.

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Linn, Stella. "‘Because we’re worth it’: Young banlieue writers in France striving for inclusion." International Journal of Francophone Studies 23, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2020): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ijfs_00011_1.

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French banlieue literature written by immigrant and ‘post-migration’ writers often involves a paradoxical mix of both ‘high’ and ‘low’ language varieties – use of slang alternating with poetic utterances – as well as references to popular culture alternating with ‘high culture’, which may range from American movies to intertextual references to canonized authors. What is the extratextual message of this intriguing mix, what do the predominantly young writers aim at, and what audience do they address in this way? By distinguishing four different strategies, this article argues that this hybrid blend is intended to act as a signal to the French reader, and thus indirectly to publishers and critics, that the writers conform to national standards and values, show full integration into French society, and therefore are entitled to claim a legitimate place in the French literary field.

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Marfany, Marta. "Identificació de dues cançons franceses i el seu context literari al «Procés de Corona d’aur» (c. 1406) de Francesc de la Via." Mot so razo 19 (September 3, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33115/udg_bib/msr.v19i0.22662.

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This paper explores the French references in Francesc de la Via’s narrative poem "Procés de Corona d’aur". The French songs mentioned in the poem are close to some rondeaux that were probably sung at the court of King Martin I of Aragon.

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Maisonneuve, H., C. Colin, and Y. Matillon. "French regulatory medical references are criteria, not clinical guidelines." BMJ 313, no. 7060 (September 28, 1996): 818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.313.7060.818a.

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Salager‐Meyer, Françoise. "Debate‐creating vs. accounting references in French medical journals." Technical Communication Quarterly 9, no. 3 (June 2000): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10572250009364701.

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Lambert, J., and M. Terrier. "Historical tsunami database for France and its overseas territories." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 4 (April 5, 2011): 1037–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-1037-2011.

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Abstract. A search and analysis of a large number of historical documents has made it possible: (i) to discover so-far unknown tsunamis that have hit the French coasts during the last centuries, and (ii) conversely, to disprove the tsunami nature of several events referred to in recent catalogues. This information has been structured into a database and also made available as a website (http://www.tsunamis.fr) that is accessible in French, English and Spanish. So far 60 genuine ("true") tsunamis have been described (with their dates, causes, oceans/seas, places observed, number of waves, flood and ebb distances, run-up, and intensities) and referenced against contemporary sources. Digitized documents are accessible online. In addition, so as to avoid confusion, tsunamis revealed as "false" or "doubtful" have been compiled into a second catalogue. Both the database and the website are updated annually corresponding to the state of knowledge, so as to take into account newly discovered historical references and the occurrence of new tsunamis on the coasts of France and many of its overseas territories: Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, New Caledonia, Réunion, and Mayotte.

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Bailey, Iain. "Beckett, Bilingualism and the Bible." Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd'hui 24, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757405-024001024.

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The starting point for this article is a critical consensus that biblical references are more prevalent in Beckett's English than his French writing. Through a close reading of as well as existing critical discourses on the Bible's status for Beckett, I argue that there may be more scope for a detailed attention to biblical intertextuality in Beckett's French texts than has previously been allowed.

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Jennings, J. R. "Conceptions of England and its Constitution in Nineteenth-Century French Political Thought." Historical Journal 29, no. 1 (March 1986): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00018628.

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References to England abound in nineteenth-century French political thought and what interested French writers about England varied enormously. English education, agriculture, religion, morals, national character, social structure: all figured in their writings. Very few failed to take note of England's rapid industrial growth and commercial power. England, in the words of Eugène Buret, was ‘le pays privilégié pour les études sociales’. Few Frenchmen, however, developed an enthusiastic admiration for English philosophy in this period. Yet there was one prevailing and predominant theme in French writings about England.

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Sălăvăstru, Andrei Constantin. "The Biblical Image of the Providential Ruler in the Protestant Propaganda on the Eve of the French Wars of Religion." Religions 12, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12080596.

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French Protestantism has remained famous in the history of political thought mostly for its theories regarding popular sovereignty and the right of the people to resist and replace a tyrannical ruler. However, before the civil wars pushed them on this revolutionary path, French Protestants stressed the duty of obedience even in the face of manifest tyranny. The reasons for this were ideological, due to the significance placed on St. Paul’s assertion that all political power was divinely ordained, but also pragmatic, as Calvin and his followers were acutely aware of the danger of antagonizing the secular authorities. More importantly, they were fervently hoping for the conversion of France to the Reformation and, in their mind, the surest way such a process could take place was through the conversion of the king and the royal family. Therefore, Protestant propaganda of that time constantly urged the most important French royals to convert to the Reformation, and, for this purpose, they deployed a language full of references to the pious Biblical rulers who led their people towards the true faith—whom the addressees of these propaganda texts were advised to emulate, lest they incur God’s wrath. This paper aims to analyze the occurrences and the role of these references in the Protestants’ dialogue with the French monarchy.

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Fetzer, Anita, and Marjut Johansson. "Cognitive verbs in context." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 15, no. 2 (May 21, 2010): 240–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.15.2.05fet.

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This paper examines the frequency, distribution and function of 1st person self-references with the cognitive verbs think and believe, and penser and croire in British English and French argumentative discourse comprising 29 British political interviews (178,712 words) and 26 French political interviews (118,825 words). It employs quantity-based methodology supplemented by insights from a context-dependent qualitative analysis, considering explicitly the co-occurrence of these cognitive verbs with discourse connectives. It argues for these 1st person self-references to be assigned not only a subjectivising function, but also one of expressing intersubjectivity. In the two sets of data, the parenthetical constructions signify that the status of a particular piece of information encoded in a proposition is open for negotiation. Depending on their co-occurrences with discourse connectives they may boost or attenuate the pragmatic force of the contribution which they qualify.

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Stefanovic, Аna. "Baroque references in works of Vlastimir Trajkovic." Muzikologija, no. 13 (2012): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/muz120401016s.

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The article examines Baroque references in three Trajkovic?s compositions: Arion, Le nuove musiche per Chitarra ed Archi op. 8 (1979), Le retour des z?phyres ou ?Zefiro torna? op. 25 (2001) and solo song Renoveau from the cycle Cinq po?mes de St?phane Mallarm? op. 29, in its version for voice, flute and piano (2003), all these compositions being unified by the idea of modernity and novelty, metaphorically contained also in the idea of renewal of nature, which connects music of the moderns from the beginning of the 17th century and Trajkovic?s search for new paths in music, opposite to ?gothic? tangles of the Avant-garde. Complex and multi-layered, the references to the Baroque era in Trajkovic?s works reflect fundamentally generic, arche-textual relations. Compositions Arion and Zefiro torna are set upon explicit references to Italian origins of the Baroque epoch, in theoretical, as well as in the creative domain (to Caccini?s collection of madrigals - Le nuove musiche, 1601, and Monteverdi?s madrigal Zefiro torna, 1614, after Petrarch?s sonnet). Zefiro torna, with a primarily French title and subtitles of the ?scenes? given after antique mythological sources, indicates, again, a twofold generic relation: to the Italian madrigal tradition (including another Monteverdi?s madrigal with the same title composed after Rinuccini?s sonnet, from 1632) and the French tradition of opera/ballet, additionally mediated by references to the opuses of Debussy and Ravel. Multiple literary and musical trans-historical relations can be observed in the solo song Renouveau. However, from these compositions, implicit generic relations, far more than explicit para-textual references, with the whole corpus of themes, forms, texts, discourses as well as crucial poetic concepts of the 17th century music can be inferred.

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Brožek, Josef, and Francisco Tortosa. "Contributions to the History of Psychology: LXI. Language of Publications Referred to in Four American Journals, 1887–1945: A Synthesis." Perceptual and Motor Skills 69, no. 2 (October 1989): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.69.2.409.

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The language dimension of the interaction with world psychology, reflected in the contributions to the American Journal of Psychology, Psychological Review, Psychological Bulletin, and the Journal of Experimental Psychology, was one of the topics examined in a series of doctoral dissertations written in the 1980s at the University of Valencia under the direction of Prof. Helio Carpintero. The studies yielded information on well over 100,000 references. The present synthesis documents the trends toward a relative decrease in references to works written in French and German, and an increase in references to publications written in English. In the 20th century the percentage of references to “other” languages remained low throughout. While these facts are not “discoveries,” the evidence brought together is both novel and—within the limits of the sample—exhaustive.

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16

Vaid, Divya. "Book review: Jules Naudet (translated from French by Renuka George). 2018. Stepping into the Elite: Trajectories of Social Achievement in India, France, and the United States." Contributions to Indian Sociology 55, no. 1 (February 2021): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0069966720979336.

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Jules Naudet (translated from French by Renuka George). 2018. Stepping into the Elite: Trajectories of Social Achievement in India, France, and the United States. New Delhi: Oxford University Press (with Institut français). xxii + 354 pp. Tables, appendix, references, index. Rs 995 (hardback).

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Barillot, Marine J., Bernard Sarrut, and Christian G. Doreau. "Evaluation of Drug Interaction Document Citation in Nine On-Line Bibliographic Databases." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 31, no. 1 (January 1997): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106002809703100106.

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OBJECTTVE: To compare nine on-line bibliographic databases to obtain bibliographic references on specific drug interactions. DESIGN: Seven bibliographic databases were selected for their ability to provide information concerning drug interactions: EMBASE, MEDLINE, TOXLINE, BIOSIS, Chemical Abstracts (CAS), PHARMLINE, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA). Two French on-line bibliographic databases (i.e., PASCAL, BIBLIOGRAPHIF) were also tested to compare them with the other international databases. Twenty drug interactions were selected randomly using the journal Reactions Weekly 1993. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: The total number of references, the number of potentially relevant references, the number of case report references, the number of unique references in the total number of references, and the number of unique references between potentially relevant references were analyzed by using the Friedman two-way ANOVA by ranks. For each database, relevance and relative recall were calculated. RESULTS: For the total number of references, EMBASE was significantly more comprehensive than all other databases (p < 0.05). EMBASE had a significantly greater number of potentially relevant references than IPA, PHARMLINE, CAS, and BIBLIOGRAPHIF (p < 0.05). For the total number of case report references, only one significant difference, between EMBASE and BIBLIOGRAPHIF (p < 0.05), was observed. MEDLINE and TOXLINE had the lowest cost per potentially relevant reference. CONCLUSIONS: To obtain bibliographic references on drug interactions, the first step should be to search MEDLINE or TOXLINE; the second step, for completeness, should be to search EMBASE.

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KEVAN, D. KEITH McE. "Two mediaeval French references to the House cricket, Acheta domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758)." Archives of Natural History 18, no. 2 (June 1991): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1991.18.2.191.

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Gruenbaum, Caroline. "The Quest for the “Charity Dish”: Interpretation in the Hebrew Arthurian Translation Melekh Artus (1279, Northern Italy)." Medieval Encounters 26, no. 6 (February 11, 2021): 517–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12340087.

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Abstract This article analyzes Melekh Artus (King Arthur), a unique Hebrew translation of sections from the old French prose Merlin and mort Artu in the Lancelot-Grail cycle. Written in a single fragment from 1279 in northern Italy, this translation proves close Jewish engagement with old French texts. Through satirical biblical references and subtle critique of his material, the author reframes the Arthurian narrative to promote universal morals. Rather than Judaize the Arthurian canon and its Christian characters, he validates them as viable models for his Jewish audience.

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Gibernau, Marc, Denis Barabé, Damien Labat, Philippe Cerdan, and Alain Dejean. "Reproductive biology of Montrichardia arborescens (Araceae) in French Guiana." Journal of Tropical Ecology 19, no. 1 (January 2003): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403003134.

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Data on the pollination biology of neotropical aroids are still scarce and concern only a few species (Beath 1999, Croat 1997, Gibernau et al. 1999, 2000; Mayo et al. 1997 and references cited therein). It appears from these studies that Anthurium, Monstera and Spathiphyllum are on the whole pollinated mainly by bees (but see Kraemer & Schmitt 1999), whereas Dieffenbachia, Homalomena, Syngonium, Philodendron and Xanthosoma are generally beetle-pollinated. Although araceous inflorescences may be visited by several insect taxa (Madison 1979), only a few are the legitimate pollinators for each species (Seres & Ramirez 1995, Valerio 1984, Young 1986).

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Яцків, Наталія. "French-language reception of Vasyl Stefanyk’s creativive work." Sultanivski Chytannia, no. 10 (May 31, 2021): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/sch.2021.10.7-15.

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The article deals with analysis of the history of V. Stefanyk’s appearance in the artistic dimension of the French literature, starting from the first references in French-language periodicals by virtue of translations and ending with solid scientific investigations. The aim of the research is to systematize critical reviews, trace the evolution of critical interpretation and prove the agreement of the creative method of the Ukrainian short story writer with the development of the Western European literary process. The French public’s acquaintance with Stefanyk’s creative work took its rise in 1899 and lasts up to this day, just as we approach the celebration of the 150th anniversary of his birth. The extraordinary talent of the Pokuttia word-painter, who treated the story as a canvas, painting it with words, fascinates us with its scanty emotionalism, intense expressiveness and impressionistic picturesqueness of the works.

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Rankin, Susan. "The Divine Truth of Scripture: Chant in the Roman de Fauvel." Journal of the American Musicological Society 47, no. 2 (1994): 203–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3128878.

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The Roman de Fauvel-a satirical tale of the rise and fall of a vice-ridden beast-was begun in the last years of the reign of Philip "le Bel" (d. 1314). Intended as an allegory of the French royal court, the version preserved in Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale, fonds fr. 146 renders the references to specific persons and events more explicit and pointed. This was achieved through the inclusion of an expanded French narrative, illustrations, and 169 musical pieces-monophonic and polyphonic, French and Latin. This study examines one category of musical pieces, those based on liturgical chant. The nature of those pieces-their identity as chants if they are liturgical, their relation to chant if they are not-and the reasons for their inclusion are explored.

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Skrābane, Astra. "Vai viegli tulkot Sagānu?" Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā: rakstu krājums, no. 26/2 (March 11, 2021): 254–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/aplkp.2021.26-2.254.

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Françoise Sagan’s (1935–2004) work is popular in France and Latvia for two reasons: the world of her characters that draws the reader into a vortex of life cravings and love surprises, and her writing which is classic, clear and seemingly light, but saturated with cultural references and quotes. If the plot and characters appear to be self-sufficient, the translator has a problem with the titles of Sagan’s novels. When comparing the original to a translation, the writer’s style setting (for example, “Bonjour tristesse” in the Latvian translation “Esiet sveicinātas, skumjas”) or symbolism (for example, “La laisse” in the Latvian translation “Akordi”) is often lost. Sagan’s novels include references to literature, cinema, art, popular in the French society of her time, that make up the intertextuality of the literary works and give an additional dimension and, at the same time, economises on means of artistic expression. A transfer into a cultural environment risks losing some multicoloured layers of the source text. Sagan’s language’s relatively rare findings also lose their originality in translation, turning them into standard phrases. Thus, it should be concluded that the apparently well-formed, seemingly easily-written works of the French author remain within the so-called “women’s literature” or “French novel” without any indication of the sharpness with which Sagan has seen the brilliance and misery of her environment.

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Kershaw, Angela. "Intertextuality and Translation in Three Recent French Holocaust Novels." Translation and Literature 23, no. 2 (July 2014): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/tal.2014.0149.

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This essay highlights the role translation plays in constructing Holocaust memory in fiction. Considering for example references to the work of Primo Levi in French texts, it shows how recent Holocaust novels have recourse to intertexts originally written in another language in order to evoke shared knowledge about the Holocaust. The translation of Holocaust novels therefore poses the problem of translating an intertext that is itself a translation. Analysis of recent novels by Fabrice Humbert, Boualem Sansal, and Sylvie Germain suggests that such translated intertextuality can produce complex and unpredictable reinterpretations. The essay argues that translation and multilingualism are rhetorical strategies used in Holocaust fiction to approach complex questions of identity and unrepresentability.

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LACARRA, María Jesus. "Referencias a Pedro Alfonso de Huesca en la literatura castellana de la Edad Media." Revista Española de Filosofía Medieval 10 (October 1, 2003): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21071/refime.v10i.9246.

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The references made to Pedro Alfonso de Huesca in medieval Castilian literature show an indirect knowledge, derived from the diffusion of the works of major French and Italian authors, such as Vicente de Beauvais, Guido de Colonna or Brunetto Latini. Only the authors of other apologetic texts, often themselves converts, seem to mention him through direct reading.

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VAZ-DE-MELLO, FERNANDO Z., W. D. EDMONDS, FEDERICO C. OCAMPO, and PAUL SCHOOLMEESTERS. "A multilingual key to the genera and subgenera of the subfamily Scarabaeinae of the New World (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)." Zootaxa 2854, no. 1 (April 29, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2854.1.1.

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Presented is a multilingual (English, Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch and French) key to the 119 currently recognized genera and subgenera of scarabaeine dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) occurring in the New World. Also included are illustrations of representative species of all taxa included in the key as well as supplementary references to studies at the species level.

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TEMME, NICO M. "ASYMPTOTICS OF A 3F2 POLYNOMIAL ASSOCIATED WITH THE CATALAN–LARCOMBE–FRENCH SEQUENCE." Analysis and Applications 04, no. 04 (October 2006): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219530506000802.

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The large n behavior of the hypergeometric polynomial [Formula: see text] is considered by using integral representations of this polynomial. This 3F2 polynomial is associated with the Catalan–Larcombe–French sequence. Several other representations are mentioned, with references to the literature, and another asymptotic method is described by using a generating function of the sequence. The results are similar to those obtained by Clark (2004) who used a binomial sum for obtaining an asymptotic expansion.

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Nève, Véronique, François Machuron, Hélène Behal, Michael Howsam, Catherine-Marie Methlin, Christelle Delille, Georges Baquet, and Régis Matran. "Global Lung Initiative spirometry references in healthy 3–15-year-old French children." ERJ Open Research 5, no. 3 (July 2019): 00023–2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00023-2019.

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Szczepankowska, Irena. "Zapożyczenia leksykalne z języków romańskich w polskiej publicystyce ekonomicznej drugiej połowy XIX wieku." Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, no. 20 (2020): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2020.20.24.

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Attention was focused on 19th century economic terms of Romance origin, used in the Polish press dedicated to economic matters. These are mainly names acquired from French (also via German), popularised in the 19th century, or words previously borrowed from Latin, but gaining new economic references under the influence of associated and similar Gallicisms. A less abundant, but noticeable layer of Romanisms in economic journalism, are loanwords from Italian, which are internationalisms, mainly preserved, also in the borrowing languages, in their original form. Polonised Italianisms were first assimilated in French (sometimes also in German). This article analyses assimilation methods of foreign common names, such as: phonetic, spelling and inflectional adaptation, replication of foreign morphological and phraseological structures using native formative elements, semantic specialisation of certain names of Latin origin under the influence of related French or Italian lexemes.

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Calvez, Marcel. "Un paradosso francese secondo gli epidemiologi. Sullo sviluppo della Sociologia della salute in Francia." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 2 (October 2012): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2012-002005.

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The article discusses a paradox pointed out by epidemiologists and consisting in the quasi-absence of French sociologists in research on social determinants of health whereas references to Durkheim and Bourdieu are central in that field. It considers the handbooks of medical sociology and sociology of health published since the 1970s and gives an overview of the theoretical frameworks in use in French sociology of health. It examines the formation of this orientation in three periods to which correspond three layers of research topics and approaches: the foundation in the 1960s in which American medical sociology compensates partly the limitations of French sociology, the institutionalization in the 1970s marked by a firm orientation towards qualitative sociology, and the consolidation during the Aids years. These orientations are replaced in their institutional context and related to strategic choices made by researchers.

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Calvez, Marcel. "A French paradox according to epidemiologists. On the development of the Sociology of Health in France." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 2 (July 2012): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2012-002005en.

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The article discusses a paradox pointed out by epidemiologists and consisting in the quasi-absence of French sociologists in research on social determinants of health whereas references to Durkheim and Bourdieu are central in that field. It considers the handbooks of medical sociology and sociology of health published since the 1970s and gives an overview of the theoretical frameworks in use in French sociology of health. It examines the formation of this orientation in three periods to which correspond three layers of research topics and approaches: the foundation in the 1960s in which American medical sociology compensates partly the limitations of French sociology, the institutionalization in the 1970s marked by a firm orientation towards qualitative sociology, and the consolidation during the Aids years. These orientations are replaced in their institutional context and related to strategic choices made by researchers.

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32

Schmigalle, Günther. "Rubén Darío y Shakespeare. Un artículo humorístico desconocido." (an)ecdótica 4, no. 2 (June 27, 2020): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.19130/iifl.anec.4.2.2020.0004.

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We present a hitherto unknown humorous article where Rubén Darío, under a pseudonym, makes fun of the Shakespearian studies and the literary-historical scholarship of his time. His article makes a huge number of references which show that he drew inspiration from three books on Shakespeare by the French author Alfred Mézières. As an introduction we present an overview of Darío’s Shakespearian readings.

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Alias, Valérie. "Variations Chorégraphiques: depuis , les chorégraphes français et Beckett." Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd'hui 23, no. 1 (August 1, 2012): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757405-023001004.

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For the past thirty years, French choreographers have often staged Beckett's work, in particular since the famous production of Maguy Marin, (1981). This article present an analysis of some of these pieces, and tries to understand why Beckett's texts seem to have a privileged location within the literary references of choreographers, and to what extent this filiation echoes aesthetic positions within contemporary dance.

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Akan, Murat. "Diversité: Challenging or constituting laïcité?" French Cultural Studies 28, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155816678590.

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The debates on laïcité in France have been capped by a claim that French cultural imaginary laïcité has reasserted itself against the ‘new challenge of diversity’, this new challenge explicitly being contrasted to the old challenge of the Catholic Church. There have been plenty of references to the French Third Republic during these debates, yet these references fail to recognise that in fact the concept of diversité was part of the discussions on laïcité during the Third Republic. This is a historical fact that questions the distinction between old and new challenges. This article locates the concept of diversité in the parliamentary deliberations during the making of the ‘Loi du 28 Mars 1882 sur l’enseignement primaire obligatoire’ and the ‘Loi du 9 Décembre 1905 concernant la séparation des églises et de l’État’ and then compares the relations of diversité and laïcité at that time with their relations in contemporary France. The article lays out the move of diversité from a constitutive premise of laïc institutions in the Third Republic to challenging laïcité, and it explores the politics behind this move. I argue that laïcité has not been reasserted but rather has regressed in France.

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Steffen, Monika. "Privatization in French Health Politics: Few Projects and Little Outcome." International Journal of Health Services 19, no. 4 (October 1989): 651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/36gg-t0yv-x7q5-w7tj.

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The author presents the main features of the organization of the French health care system, revealing an important mixture of public and private actors and institutions and a large number of political restraints that oppose resistance to privatization. In spite of traditional references to “liberal medicine” and recurrent debates opposing public and private intervention, neither the doctors nor the political decision makers have really supported the few projects that have been proposed for privatization or liberalization of health care. On the contrary, the cost-control policy introduced growing State intervention and new management methods into the health care sector, whose actors were not used to it. The privatization and liberalization debates appear as a rhetoric necessary to accommodate these difficult changes.

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Ramière, Nathalie. "Reaching a foreign audience." caleidoscópio: literatura e tradução 3, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 07–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/caleidoscopio.v3i1.25323.

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This paper examines some of the issues involved in the intercultural transfer of films. It focuses on the translation of culture-specific references and questions in particular the validity of the notions of foreignisation and domestication, brought to the fore of Translation Studies by Venuti (1995), as a conceptual framework traditionally used to discuss the strategies applied when translating cultural specifics. Drawing on the findings of a pilot study consisting of three French films dubbed and subtitled into English, this paper suggests a theoretical challenge by proposing a more pragmatic approach to the study of cultural transfer in audiovisual translation (AVT). More particularly, it will examine whether it is possible to observe any form of consistency in the strategies used for the translation of culturally-bound references and what this implies for the dialogic relationship between Self and Other, and the representation of alterity.KEYWORDS: Audiovisual translation, cultural transfer, culture-specific references, foreignisation, domestication

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Mucignat, Rosa, and Sanja Perovic. "Guest Editors' Introduction: ‘Radical Transnationalism: The French Revolution in Europe's Political Imagination’." Comparative Critical Studies 15, no. 2 (June 2018): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2018.0285.

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What happens when a transnational revolutionary idiom is translated into specific languages, each equipped with its own historical frames of references? This special issue tracks the various ways the French Revolution was creatively re-appropriated in British, German, Greek, Italian, Spanish and Polish contexts in order to recover the multiple futures of the Revolution's past. By shifting the focus towards the mobility of revolutionary language – not just what it says, but how it travels, where it goes, and what it becomes – we seek to offer new tools to assess the potential and limits of the revolutionary project.

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Cornish, Francis. "Anadeixis and the signalling of discourse structure." Quaderns de Filologia - Estudis Lingüístics 23, no. 23 (December 24, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/qf.23.13519.

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By “anadeixis” (a termed first coined by Ehlich, 1982) is meant, prototypically, the indexical functioning of certain context-bound expressions to target discourse entities which are either not yet topical, or whose erstwhile topical status has faded. It is the discourse-structuring function of anadeictic indexicals that will be the particular focus of this study. The basis for the discussion will be two short whole texts, in two languages (French and English). This will make it possible to show how certain ‘strict’-anadeictic and discourse-deictic references may signal the macro- (content structures) and super-structures (discourse-functional structures) that characterize them. Such references may serve either to foreshadow a transition between major discourse units within a given text, or to actually introduce one.

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Bruzelius, Caroline A. ""ad modum franciae": Charles of Anjou and Gothic Architecture in the Kingdom of Sicily." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 50, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 402–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/990664.

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The ruined abbeys of S. Maria di Realvalle and S. Maria della Vittoria in southern Italy attest to the use of French Gothic architecture as part of a policy of cultural and political domination over the kingdom conquered by Charles of Anjou in 1266. The Angevin registers document the king's emphasis on Frenchness in all details and provide the names of many of the French masons and sculptors who worked on royal building projects. As in the other territories that fell under French control after the middle of the thirteenth century, such as southwestern France, Gothic from the Ile-de-France was utilized in the Kingdom of Sicily to connote the authority and prestige of the new regime. In insisting not only on the adoption of French architecture at the abbeys, but also on a population of French monks, Charles envisioned the monasteries as strongholds of French culture and prestige. Yet this was a short-lived phenomenon, for the subsequent generations of monuments erected by Charles II and Robert the Wise, especially those in Lucera and Naples, are profoundly different in character, and for the most part references to French models are eliminated. The rejection of the Frenchness promoted by Charles of Anjou and the evolution of a new and distinctly different type of architecture for royal monuments in the last years of the thirteenth century perhaps reflected new attitudes of cultural adaptation that resulted from the outbreak of the War of the Vespers in 1282.

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Zecher, Carla. "The Gendering of the Lute in Sixteenth-Century French Love Poetry*." Renaissance Quarterly 53, no. 3 (2000): 769–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2901497.

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Blame not my lute for he must sound Of this or that as liketh me.Sir Thomas WyattLute-poems came into vogue in France in the 1540s and 1550s. Because of the lute's shape, it could be gendered either as masculine or feminine; male and female poets therefore made use of lute imagery in different ways. Their references to the lute are informed by the gendered culture surrounding the instrument in this period and by the etiquette and technicalities of lute playing. Even more than painters and engravers, poets could invest the lute with human qualities, conflating it with bodies and body parts. It could thus be adapted to serve a variety of amorous scenarios.

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De Boel, Gunnar. "The French Sources between the Young Kazantzakis and Nietzsche." Historical Review/La Revue Historique 5 (January 13, 2009): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hr.223.

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<p>Kazantzakis wrote in 1909 a dissertation on Nietzsche's philosophy, in view of a career at the University of Athens. He based this dissertation mainly on studies by French scholars, which provided him not only with most of its content, but also with its very structure. The description of the meaning of Greece to Nietzsche, for example, and the references to ancient Greek authors are indebted to these French commentators, rather than to a direct reading of the primary source. Even more importantly, some of the concepts that Kazantzakis attributes to Nietzsche, and which play an essential role in his own thinking, up to the period of his great post-World War II novels, appear to be based on a mistaken interpretation of Nietzsche by Lichtenberger, according to which man is a particle of the divine substance, the eternal Will. For the real Nietzsche, the mysteries of sexuality constitute the only form of eternal life.</p>

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Mohammed, Jwan Adil. "The Roles of French and English Characters in Dickens's Representation of the French Revolution; ‘A Tale of Two Cities’." Journal of University of Human Development 3, no. 3 (August 31, 2017): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v3n3y2017.pp584-589.

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The novel, “A Tale of Two Cities” is the portrayal of dilemma of peasantry of France demoralised by the aristocracy of France in the year led to the revolution. The novel spotlights the unjust French culture against the fair English system that transforms the life of all characters (some belonging to England and others having their origin in France). The novel borrows the idea of French revolution to support the story. This paper consists of three sections; the first section is the core that holds critical analysis, arguments and assessments of the characters and their roles such as Charles Darnay, Dr. Alexandre Manette and some others. Next the paper presents the relations among the characters; how the characters tie together through the events that launch in the story. This section spots the themes that can be drawn out of the whole plot and the significance of characters can be drawn from there – tying characters into commonalities and meaningfully assigning the weight that Dickens has intended to grant each character with. In addition, the last section will shed light on the critical analysis of Charles Dickens “A Tale of Two Cities” with Rousseau. Finally, the paper ends with a brief conclusion and a list of references.

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MEHLMAN, JEFFREY. "MARCEL MAUSS AND THE FRENCH “UNCONSCIOUS”." Modern Intellectual History 11, no. 3 (October 10, 2014): 749–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244314000286.

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In 2008, just prior to his hundredth birthday, an immortality of sorts was conferred on the anthropologist Claude Lévi-Strauss when his Oeuvres were published—leather-bound, gold-embossed, on Bible paper—in Gallimard's Pléiade collection. He died the following year and we are now beginning to see, for the first time, assessments of his achievement—including the two volumes under review—in a world without Lévi-Strauss. Patrick Wilcken's stylishly written biography is considerably shorter than Denis Bertholet's French biography of 2003, but is nonetheless the first in a position to take in the entire arc of the anthropologist's career—from his nineteenth-century-style expeditions to the Brazilian interior in the 1930s, via his wartime exile in New York, where the twin influences of the linguist Roman Jakobson and assorted surrealists led to the writing of a groundbreaking thesis, to the vanguard structuralist project, the international celebrity, the eventual disillusionment with modernism, the unexpected late references to Gobineau (from an antiracist ideologue), and the final years, when he claimed to feel like a “shattered hologram” and received the visit of a notoriously philistine president of France on his hundredth birthday. Wilcken steers his biography skillfully between the pitfalls of reverence and dismissiveness. It is useful, for instance, to be reminded by a skeptical John Updike that “with such a hunting license granted, parallels and homologies are easy to bag—child's play for a brain as agile as M. Lévi-Strauss” (quoted at 299). But it is equally good to learn of the frequency with which what Wilcken calls Lévi-Strauss's “hit-and-run tactics” would pay off, generating fresh perspectives (75).

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Dobbertin, Michèle Kaennel, and Henri D. Grissino-Mayer. "Bibliografie und Glossar zur Dendrochronologie: zwei neue Informationsquellen für die Jahrringforschung | The «Bibliography of Dendrochronology» and the «Glossary of Dendrochronology»: two new online tools for tree-ring research." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 155, no. 6 (June 1, 2004): 238–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2004.0238.

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Two new online products are available to the international tree-ring research community: the Bibliography of Dendrochronology,which currently has 10 000 references and is the world's largest online bibliography specialised in tree-ring research,and the Glossary of Dendrochronology, a searchable database of 351 terms and definitions in English, German,French, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese. Both databases are the result of the collaboration of numerous tree-ring scientists from around the world.

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Pla, Juan. "A footnote to the theory of double integrals." Mathematical Gazette 94, no. 530 (July 2010): 262–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025557200006525.

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The probability integral theorem, which states thatis on the record for having enticed numerous mathematicians to find alternative proofs for it, over a period of more than two centuries, till recent times (for a few recent references see [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]). The most popular demonstration (attributed to the French mathematician Poisson; see [11], in references of [12]), the one found in almost all textbooks, relies on the double integral(taken over the upper-right quarter of the Cartesian plane) obtained by squaring the probability integral. By resorting to polar coordinates and writing down the above integral as:the value of the probability integral is obtained by taking the square root of the result on the right-hand side of this latter relation.

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Arredondo-Garrido, David. "REFERENCES IN LE CORBUSIER’S REORGANIZATION OF RURAL HABITAT." Journal of Architecture and Urbanism 40, no. 2 (June 16, 2016): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2016.1183531.

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Projects for the Reorganization of the Rural Habitat designed by Le Corbusier during the ‘30s posed a territorial model from a radically new vision. The Ferme Radieuse, the Village Radieux and its implementation as the Unité d’Explotation Agricole within his theory of Les Trois Établissements Humains, form a complex theory of agricultural land use with an innovative character. However, in these studies some historical and vernacular references can also be found. They significantly influenced the overall approach and the results. Thanks to his relationship with the rural activist Norbert Bézard and a direct contact with farmers in the region of Sarthe, in central France, Le Corbusier began to understand their problems, needs and ways of working. He approached, at the same time, to some theoretical reflections from French rural historians and geographers, such as Roupnel and Ramuz. Influence from writers like Ritter or politicians like Giradoux, together with its own interests, marked his later designs. Besides the accepted functionalist scheme, we can also find in this Reorganization of the Rural Habitat some interesting historical connections as well as a nostalgic attempt to recover past and vernacular models.

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Vroon, Ronald. "Vladimir Mayakovsky and Frank O’Hara: a Reappraisal." Studia Litterarum 5, no. 3 (2020): 144–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/2500-4247-2020-5-3-144-185.

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The “New York School” refers to a group of poets and painters, mostly of the Abstract Expressionist movement, who congregated in New York in the first two decades following the end of the Second World War. They constitute a coterie that has been characterized as America’s “last avant-garde”. Among its most prominent members was Frank O’Hara (1926–1966). Like other members of the New York School of poets, he was strongly influenced by the French and Russian avant-garde movements of the early twentieth century. He was particularly drawn to the works of Vladimir Mayakovsky, whose persona and poetry are frequently referenced in his own oeuvre. The present study seeks to establish the origins of O’Hara’s interest in the Russian poet, the sources he consulted in familiarizing himself with Mayakovsky’s work, and the trajectory of references to Mayakovsky that documents how his avant-garde aesthetic both accommodates and distances itself from that of his Russian forebear.

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Nikolaev, D. D. "France and the French in “Okayannye dni” by I. A. Bunin." Studies in Theory of Literary Plot and Narratology 15, no. 1 (2020): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2410-7883-2020-1-207-222.

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One of the main motives in “Odessa” part of I. A. Bunin’s “Okayannye dni” is connected with France. For the first time “Okayannye dni” was published in 1925 on the pages of Paris émigré newspaper “Vozrozhdenie”, and Bunin's text was addressed not only to Russian, but also to foreign audience, primarily French. The editorial circumstances of the first publication should be taken into account when explaining the significance of the “French” motives, but journalistic logic of 1925 follows the specific circumstances of life in Odessa and related author’s experience of 1919. “The French” appear in the first fragment of the “Okayannye dni”, published in the first issue of “Renaissance” on June 3, 1925. In the newspaper publication the starting point is the decision of the French troops to leave Odessa. Bunin does not directly accuse France of abandoning the city and its inhabitants, but then constantly returns to the motive of unfulfilled hopes associated with the French. The French navy destroyer becomes a symbol of the hopes and their collapse. Two other lines connecting Russia and France are also pointed in the first fragment of the “Okayannye dni”. Bunin writes about modern political events and about French history. Bunin constantly reminds the French of their historical responsibility for committing and canonizing their “great” revolution, thus setting an example of the Russian revolution. Among the semantic centers of the “Okayannye dni” in the newspaper publication are fragments about the leaders of the French revolution, in which Bunin refers to the book “Vielles maisons, vieux papiers” by G. Lenotre. References to Lenotr’s book help to avoid a negative assessment of the French revolution as a view of the Russian “from the outside”. Significant changes in the text of the “Okayannye dni” in the book edition in Berlin in 1935 also relate to French motives. Their significance is reduced both by removing fragments and by the restoration of the natural chronological structure, in which the “Okayannye dni” now begin in Moscow on January 1, 1918, not by departure of the French troops from Odessa in 1919.

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JACQUELIN, ALICE. "Réalismes déclinistes du polar français contemporain : Nicolas Mathieu, Colin Niel, Antonin Varenne." Australian Journal of French Studies 58, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 137–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/ajfs.2021.12.

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The detective novel has long been described as a form of “authentic” realistic literature (Collovald et Neveu). However, this article analyzes how three contemporary French crime novels—Aux animaux la guerre by Nicolas Mathieu (2014), Seules les bêtes by Colin Niel (2017) and Battues by Antonin Varenne (2015)—challenge and reappropriate conventions of realism. The three country noir novels follow in the lineage of two important traditions of realism, nineteenth-century French classical realism (Dubois) and the social realism of the 1970s and 1980s “néo-polar” (Desnain). Yet rather than anchoring the novels in familiar territory, the authors blur topographical references, create a polyphonic narrative structure and set a horrific tone to provide symbolic and political commentary. The novels thus borrow from magic realism to depict a declining rural and working-class world.

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Rossner, Richard. "Materials for Communicative Language Teaching and Learning." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 8 (March 1987): 140–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500001082.

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Surprisingly little has been written on the role of materials and the uses that teachers may make of them. General books in this area include Madsen and Bowen (1978), Cunningswoth (1984), and Sheldon (in press). The only references which particularly consider communicative langauge teaching are Grewer, Moston, and Sexton (1981), which incorprates a theoretically motivated taxonomy as well as much practical discussion, and apattison (1987), which is a practical handbook with materials in English, French, and German.

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Journal articles on the topic 'French references'

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