Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'French Revolution, 1789-1799'
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Sido, Anna E. "Making History: How Art Museums in the French Revolution Crafted a National Identity, 1789-1799." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/663.
Full textKim, Minchul. "Democracy and representation in the French Directory, 1795-1799." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15874.
Full textRitz, Olivier. "Les métaphores naturelles dans le débat sur la Révolution de 1789 à 1815." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040134.
Full textBy studying a series of texts that debate the French Revolution between 1789 and 1815, this thesis aims to show how natural metaphors played a part in creating new relationships between politics, science and literature.The first part focuses on the rhetorical uses of natural metaphors in the debate. It studies how they were used not only to arouse emotions and to convince the reader, but also to produce knowledge and drive people to action. The second part deals with the relationships between the natural sciences and politics: first examining the attempt to create a new political science based on the model of the natural sciences, then analysing the relationship between the French Revolution and the scientific revolution, before finally considering the textual strategies used to create and promote the new figure of the scientist. The third part studies the debate about literature that developed at the centre of the debate on the French Revolution. In this context, natural metaphors are interesting not only because of their rhetorical power or because they create tensions between literature, science and politics, but also because they are used as indications of literariness: by using natural metaphors, writers legitimized their works, defined their social function and took their place in a literary tradition. Two chapters focus specifically on the first written histories of the French Revolution.The idea of literature as an essentially aesthetic use of written language is the paradoxical result of this period of deep and intensive interaction between literature, politics and sciences
Scotto, Benito Pablo. "Los orígenes del derecho al trabajo en Francia (1789-1848)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668066.
Full textThe right to work, which is part of Charles Fourier's socialist theory, acquires a new meaning in 1848. Louis Blanc, the main figure of French Jacobin socialism in the 19th century, makes then an interpretation of this right that recalls the popular political economy programme theorized by Robespierre during the French Revolution. In both cases, the limitation of large concentrations of property is an indispensable condition for moving towards a society in which everyone is able to work in freedom and to live with dignity.
Marle, Anne. "Du monastére à l’errance : les Bénédictins de Saint-Maur de Normandie et de la province de France de 1750 a 1802 et l’émigration bénédictine en Westphalie." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040206.
Full textThe congregation of Saint Maur, renowed for its high level of monastic scholarship in the XVIIth and XVIIIth centuries lasted for 172 years. While the daily life was based on the original benedictine rule, its constitution and its intellectual orientation were innovative but condamned it. Its members always looking for news ideas, found at first through the jansenism a good way of sowing their tendency to argue. Tendency that the spirit of Age of enlightenment intensified until 1789. The Revolution put an abrupt end to all their conflicts and the monks, freed from the cenobite’s yoke, found themselves helpless in their new freedom. Some, in exchange for allegiance to the Civil Constitution of the clergy, obtain the security of a parish or followed the new revolutionary ideas. Others refused all compromise and went underground or emigrated. The benedictine family and of the Province of France opted for England, Belgium, Switzerland sometimes, before settling for a « concession of staying » a welcoming Westphalia
Xilakis, Eleni. "La Déclaration de 1789 en Grande-Bretagne (1789-1795)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010542/document.
Full textTrace the famous British debate on the French Revolution, to explore the meaning and analize the text of the Declaration of Human Rights 89, to show the different meanings that this text can take. Could the British look broaden our vision of French affairs, far from revolutionary whirlwind in which the declaration text becomes the sacred emblem of freedom and equality ? This is the challenge that we have tried to meet to discuss from different angles and thus reveal its plasticity. Because, although the scope of the Declaration seems indisputable, its content is subject to various interpretations. It is this ambiguity that is highlighted.Our protagonists are Richard Price, who provoked the rage of Edmund Burke ; in this violent discussion of principles and politics, we chose the defendants French affairs most relevant, namely Mary Wollstonecraft, Thomas Paine, James Mackintosh and Jeremy Bentham. We are identified the arguments from their political discourse, particularly around the Revolution, as reactivation as the social contract. Through this study, it is clear that the text itself founder of a new political era in France, may adopt different faces, depending on its observer.Indeed, the text of the Declaration of 89 is at once the subject of a dispute. And finally, it appears that this same plasticity of its text helped her transhistoricity and confirmed its universality to the present day – a universality, therefore, congenitally issue
Hayworth, Jordan R. "Conquering the Natural Frontier: French Expansion to the Rhine River During the War of the First Coalition, 1792-1797." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822845/.
Full textLewis, Erik Braeden. "The Countess of Counter-revolution: Madame du Barry and the 1791 Theft of Her Jewelry." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822775/.
Full textOdore, Angelo. "Il GIS e la storia (GisSto) : il caso di studio di Marsiglia al tempo della Rivoluzione Francese (1789-1792)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0133.
Full textThe thesis “Marseille during the French Revolution (1789-1792). Historical mapping test from GIS” provides a spatial and cartographic reinterpretation of the main events that took place in the Phocean city between 1789 and 1792. In this research, the traditional tools of historiography, such as the study of archival and bibliographical sources, integrated with the use of GIS technology and spatial analysis, offer an innovative approach to the most important events of the Revolution; it reconstructs the commercial vitality of the city, the military role of the bourgeois patrols, the political weight of the Marseilles federalists and the various insurrections that marked the city during the first two years of the French Revolution
La tesi “Il GIS e la storia (GisSto). Il caso di studio di Marsiglia al tempo della Rivoluzione Francese (1789-1792)” fornisce una rilettura spaziale e cartografica dei principali avvenimenti avvenuti nella città focese tra il 1789 eil 1792. Nell’elaborato, gli strumenti di ricerca storiografica tradizionali, come lo studio di fonti archivistiche e bibliografiche, integrate con l’utilizzo della tecnologia GIS e dell’analisi spaziale permettono di fornire un’innovativa lettura degli avvenimenti più importanti della Rivoluzione; si ricostruisce la vitalità commerciale cittadina, il ruolo militare delle pattuglie borghesi, il peso politico dei federati marsigliesi e le varie insurrezioni che investirono la città nel primo biennio rivoluzionario
Parent, Hélène. "Modernes Cicéron : la romanité des orateurs d’assemblée de la Révolution française et de l’Empire (1789-1807)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100063.
Full textThe cult of Antiquity, especially about Ancient Rome, among the speakers of the assemblies during the French Revolution, is a commonplace which was built as early as Thermidor and which is enduring as far as today. This fact contributes to the idea that the revolutionary eloquence is off-putting, from the aesthetic point of view – because it would remain committed to the patterns of a classical rhetoric deemed to be out-dated – as well as from the political and moral points of view – because it would have contributed to legitimate the violence. This study proposes a revaluation of these speakers’ romanity and of the analyses which were done about it in the past, with particular attention paid to the regeneration of the figure of the political speaker. The working corpus is composed of 329 speeches made by 168 speakers during the period from the beginning of the constituent assembly (1789) to the removal of the Tribunate by Napoleon Bonaparte (1807). This corpus enables to show that, thanks to the position of vir bonus dicendi peritus that he must assume in the city, according to the model drawn up by Cicero, the political speaker is a king of melting-pot which is able to receive a collective imagination, to transform it, then to convey and disseminate it. For this reason, he is a key element of the circulation of cultural representations establishing the modern age, and it takes part in the building of a national imagined community. Therefore, the revolutionary romanity, far from being a simple rhetoric ornament, and if it is regarded as a simultaneous language, ethos and set of textual patterns, becomes the material of a story of the modern nation’s origins, told and written in an epical register, which will be reinvested by the historians and writers during all the XIXth century
Guermazi, Alexandre. "Les arrêtés des assemblées générales des sections parisiennes : de la parole du peuple à l'élaboration de la loi en l'an I de la République (1792-1793)." Thesis, Lille 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL30007.
Full textThe orders issued by the general assemblies of Parisian sections are politic and juridical acts used by the citizens of Paris to express themselves and take decisions. These acts can be local bylaws (applied in the area of the section), as well as petitions addressed to deputies or other authorities. They dealt with various affairs: subsistence, education, the military, public assistance, etc.The first year of French republic, especially from 21st September 1792, to 5th September 1793, see the extension of the electoral body (end of the ownership vote) and the drafting of a new constitution by the Assembly in order to consecrate these rights. New institutional devices are also designed to tackle situations of emergency in a time of war and civil unrest, and they become the foundation of the revolutionary government and the Terror.The study of the production and the diffusion of the decrees of the Parisian sections reveals how the general assemblies are organized and what type of citizenship they shape. Following the course of the decrees after their redaction in the sections, especially in the elected assemblies of the General council of the Paris Commune and the National Convention, one can see how the popular voice is taken into account in the drafting of laws and resulte in political decisions. In other words, it reveals to what extent the voice of the people influence the construction of a new government, the first democratic and representative republic
Schreiner, Michelle. "Jules Michelet e a historia que ressuscita e da vida aos homens : uma leitura da emergencia do ¿povo¿ no cenario historiografico frances da primeira metade do seculo XIX." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279872.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T19:23:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Schreiner_Michelle_D.pdf: 1713841 bytes, checksum: d554cdb1778ebeedc85a64bd55e30c36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Para Jules Michelet, alguns literatos, como Honoré de Balzac, Eugène Sue e George Sand, caracterizam o ¿povo¿ de forma degradante, diferindo de uma literatura anterior, de fins do século XVIII e início do XIX, que devia se afirmar como veículo de instrução moral ou de ¿pedagogia¿ do cidadão. Nesse sentido, busco recuperar o propósito do historiador ao publicar Le Peuple, em 1846, e Histoire de la Révolution française, de 1847 a 1853, como contraponto à literatura do período que, segundo ele, oferecia uma falsa imagem da nação francesa ao enfatizar sobretudo os defeitos e torpezas de seu povo. A propósito da questão da emergência do ¿povo¿ no cenário historiográfico francês da primeira metade do século XIX, levanto a hipótese de que a criação das obras de Michelet em contraposição à literatura em voga no seu tempo, insere-se num contexto maior de extensão da função ¿pedagógica¿ de formação do povo, atribuída até então à Literatura, para o âmbito da História
Abstract: For Jules Michelet, some literary writers, just as Honoré de Balzac, Eugène Sue and George Sand, characterize ¿the people¿ in a degraded way, unlike a previous literature (at the turn of the 18th and in early 19th century) that was understood as an instrument of education of the people. In such case, I search to recover the purpose of the historian when he publishes Le Peuple, in 1846, and Histoire de la Révolution française, from 1847 to 1853, to oppose the literature of the period that, according to him, used to offer a false image of the French nation when it emphasizes all of faults and bad habits of its people. About the emergency of ¿people¿ in the French historical scenery in the first half of the nineteenth century, I defend that the Michelet¿s works creation, in opposition to the literary writers of the period, is inserted in a larger context of extension of the ¿pedagogic¿ function of people's formation, attributed until then to the Literature for the ambit of the History
Doutorado
Politica, Memoria e Cidade
Doutor em História
Silva, Pedro Paulo Miethicki da. "Liberdades e organização dos poderes em Benjamin Constant o Estado e os limites do poder político." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/130560.
Full textA presente Dissertação de Mestrado, intitulada LIBERDADES E ORGANIZAÇÃO DOS PODERES EM BENJAMIN CONSTANT: O ESTADO E OS LIMITES DO PODER POLÍTICO, objetiva explanar a concepção constantiana sobre liberdade, buscando elementos que possam argumentar qual seria a forma de Estado ideal para a efetivação das liberdades individuais. Partindo de uma breve contextualização histórica da Revolução Francesa (1789), Constant expôs suas observações e críticas aos líderes revolucionários. Inicialmente ele defendeu a Revolução que derrubou a monarquia absolutista e trouxe a República. Os líderes revolucionários, em especial os jacobinos, inspirados na filosofia rousseauniana sobre a vontade geral e a soberania popular, concentraram de maneira ilimitada em suas mãos o poder político e deturparam os ideais republicanos. A imposição das liberdades dos povos antigos sobre os modernos gerou um retrocesso histórico contrário a todo um processo de perfectibilidade humana defendida por Benjamin Constant. O despotismo revolucionário foi criticado por Constant em seus escritos políticos. Na antiguidade a ênfase recaía sobre a liberdade política (positiva), ou seja, os indivíduos atuavam diretamente sobre as questões inerentes ao Estado. Na modernidade, ao contrário, a liberdade (negativa) passou a adquirir uma dimensão individual, sendo a política exercida por meio da representatividade. Para Constant, o Estado ideal (Estado Liberal) seria aquele que apresentasse a menor interferência possível sobre seus indivíduos. Neste Estado, segundo ele, as garantias individuais como o gozo da propriedade privada (importante para o exercício da cidadania), da liberdade econômica, da liberdade de imprensa entre outras, sempre devem ser respeitadas. Assim, os homens poderiam continuar a se perfectibilizar no caminhar linear da história vivendo a liberdade (meio) em vista da igualdade (fim). Apesar de Constant ter primeiramente defendido a República, ele elaborou um esboço de constituição em que passou a conceber a Monarquia Constitucional como modelo de Estado, a exemplo dos ingleses, dividindo os poderes e estabelecendo entre estes um Poder Neutro. Este Poder, que inspirou o Poder Moderador (Preservador) no cenário político imperial brasileiro, estaria acima dos demais, possibilitando o equilíbrio necessário para que não houvesse concentração de poder em um dos poderes, seja em um Estado monárquico ou republicano.
This Master's Dissertation, entitled FREEDOMS AND ORGANIZATION OF POWERS IN BENJAMIN CONSTANT: THE STATE AND THE LIMITS OF POLITICAL POWER, objectively explains Constant’s conception of freedom, seeking elements that might argue what would be the ideal form of State for the realization of individual liberties. Starting with a brief historical background of the French Revolution (1789), Constant exposed his comments and criticism of the revolutionary leaders. Initially he defended the revolution that overthrew the absolute monarchy and brought the Republic. The revolutionary leaders, especially the Jacobins, inspired by Rousseau's philosophy on the general will and popular sovereignty, concentrated without restriction in their hands the political power and misrepresented the republican ideals. The imposition of the freedoms of ancient peoples on modern generated a historic setback otherwise the whole process of human perfectibility defended by Benjamin Constant. The revolutionary despotism was criticized by Constant in his political writings. In ancient times the emphasis was on political freedom (positive), in other words, directly acted individuals on issues inherent to the State. In modernity, on the contrary, freedom (negative) went on to acquire an individual dimension and the policy is exercised through representation. For Constant, the ideal state (Liberal State) would be the one to present the least possible interference on their subjects. In this state, he said, individual guarantees the enjoyment of private property (important for citizenship), economic freedom, freedom of the press among others, must be followed. Thus, they might continue the process of perfectibility and walk straight in history, living the freedom (middle) in view of equality (end). Although Constant has first defended the Republic, he prepared a draft constitution that went on to design the Constitutional Monarchy as a state model, like the English, dividing the powers and establishing between them a Neutral Power. This power, which inspired the Moderating Power (Preserver) in the Brazilian imperial political scene, would be above the others, allowing the necessary balance so that there was no concentration of power in one of the branches, or in a monarchical or republican State.
Dailloux, Jean Paul. "Les lois successorales de la révolution française : une anticipation de l'évolution de la famille?" Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3034.
Full textLaw historians have long ignored the civil law of the French Revolution, pejoratively termed as “intermediate right”. But since the bicentennial of the French Revolution, they have revised their appreciation and highlighted the modernity of this legislation that can now be considered as an anticipation of the contemporary law of the family. This thesis is a contribution to this rehabilitation work.The inheritance law of the old regime was characterized by the inequality of hits rules. The proclamation of civil equality in the Declaration of the Rights of Man of 1789 implied a complete overhaul of this subject. The first two assemblies, the Constituent Assembly and the Legislative Assembly, had only begun this work, removing the most obvious inequalities, the privileges of aeness and masculinity, which was the occasion for discussions on the right to test. It was the Convention that carried out the most important reforms at the height of the Revolution, at a time when ideological tensions were exacerbated. A first draft of the Civil Code was discussed but did not succeed.Pending the drafting of a second amended draft, it was resolved to implement some parts of the first, on matters which seemed particularly urgent. Thus, “appendix articles” of the first Code were implemented by means of two laws. The first is that of 12 Brumaire year II on the rights of natural children, which were essentially inheritance rights. The second is the law of 17 Nivôse year II, on the devolution of inheritance and the equality of shares.Their common feature was to introduce retroactivity into the settlement of estates opened since July 14, 1789, the symbolic date of the advent of freedom, to hasten the implementation of the new principles. . This retroactive effect was then violently criticized , as soon as the political situation tuned around with the elimination of the Robespierrists. Many complaints poured out to show the serious practical inconvenience of this situation.The later legislators returned to this effect, by means of laws which extended from the 9th Fructidor year III, to the 3rd Vendemiaire year IV. The drafters of the Civil Code maintained the principle of equality in the family based on the marriage. But with regard to the children born out of the wedlock, the Code of 1804 devotes the harshest solutions that could be imagined against them. It is no longer a question of even moderate equality. The situation of these children was only very slowly improved for 150 years. However, this movement accelerated from 1972 onwards to current situation
Tessier, Philippe. "François Denis Tronchet, biographie intellectuelle d'un jurisconsulte en Révolution." Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30046.
Full textFrançois-Denis Tronchet, a Jurisconsult, played a crucial role in the interpretation of Law, but also in its writing, during the French Revolution. During this period of French history, some jurists refused to be only interpreters of the Past, and began to be true actors of History. François-Denis Tronchet took part in nearly all important events of the French Revolution : the Estates-General, the Tennis Court Oath, the Fourth of August and the abolition of feudal privileges, the writing of the Constitution of 1791, the flight of Louis XVI stopped at Varennes, the King's trial. He was a Member of Parliament (of the Conseil des Anciens) during the Directoire ; lastly, he was the president of the Tribunal de cassation during the Consulate and he presided the commission in charge of the redaction of the civil code. His thought was decisive in the transformation of French Law during the French Revolution. It is conveyed in its consultations, which are the main historical source of this dissertation. Today stored at the library of the Cour de cassation, they constitute an extraordinarysource, rarely used. However, these documents inspired the French civil code. Here, historians have a hand, at the same time, a lawyer's work, the consultations, and the result they partly inspired, the civil Code, that still inspires our present. Besides, between the source (the consultations) and its result (the Code) we have some documents about the political life of Tronchet (mainly parliamentary records). How is it so, that such a learned jurist, so influenced by ancient juridical traditions, played such a crucial role in the French revolution, becoming, during the redaction process of the Civil code, the architect of an absolutely new Law ? During the Ancien regime, the art of consultation gave him, by way of the intellectual freedom of interpretation, the ability of giving his own opinion, sometimes very creative, under the guise of apparently objective, and authoritative, form of the consultation. Therefore, he was intellectually prepared to the reorganization of Law brought about by the French Revolution. Besides, other factors explain his participation in the French Revolution. His belonging to opposition networks, close to Jansenism, during the Ancien Regime accounts for his itinerary. The influence, in parliamentary circles, of the celebration of the Roman Republic as well as the influence of stoic philosophy, conveyed through Cicero's writingd, which underlined the major importance of justice and natural Law, also partly account for his adhesion to the Revolution. These intellectual influences also explain his defence of Louis XVI during his trial. To conclude, he viewed the Revolution as a process of regeneration, a transformation of time present by a resurrection of the true principles of ancient Law
Rogers, Rachel. "Vectors of Revolution : The British Radical Community in Early Republican Paris, 1792-1794." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797967.
Full textMabo, Solenn. "Les citoyennes, les contre-révolutionnaires et les autres : participations, engagements et rapports de genre dans la Révolution française en Bretagne." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2019. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/2019_theseMaboS.pdf.
Full textFocused on gender relations in the political field, this thesis revisits the traditional image of fanatical and counter-revolutionary Breton women by analysing the ways of their participation in the Revolution, whether they supported it, fought against it or got otherwise involved. From major actions to everyday interventions, their commitment is compared with that of men to observe how gendered political practices and identities are manifested and recomposed. After an introduction presenting the place of women in Breton society in the eighteenth century, the study proceeds along three major axes. The first presents how they participated in the pre-revolutionary sequence and then invested the new spaces of citizenship. The second explores the margins of political participation by observing how ordinary women were more or less voluntarily involved in revolutionary dynamics. The third and last part focuses on the resistance to the Revolution, from religious struggles to Chouannerie, and shows how some counter-revolutionary feminine destinies were forged. The present work is based on the exploitation of very scattered archives and engages in a reflection on the mechanisms of the highlighting or the occultation of women in the events and the documentation. By revealing a whole range of previously ignored or inconspicuous feminine interventions, this thesis offers another history of the Revolution in Brittany, which can foster a better understanding of the whole revolutionary process and enrich the history of gender relations in crisis or conflict situations
Broccardo, Laura. "Défaire l'histoire, refaire l'histoire : l’écriture des possibles dans l’œuvre de Germaine de Staël (1785-1818)." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7174.
Full textThe concept of possible, coming from philosophy and the what if history, is a key to read and interpret Germaine de Staël’s writings. As she perceives the reality through the lens of potentiality (what is, what is not, what might have been, what should have been), her writings waver between two tendencies, regrets and complaints on one hand, a strong determination to make things come true on the other hand. This dissertation tries to demonstrate how her writing is shaped by the will of manifesting the possible lying inside the texts. The possible takes different forms within her work: it can be subordinate propositions (the what if type), counterfactual scenarios, etc. Writing what is possible is a poetic principle for Germaine de Staël but also a requirement: she has to do it according to her moral convictions. Rewriting History enables her to express social and political opinions. First it enables her to reflect on the woman condition (why women’s lives are doomed), but also, on a political level, to evaluate how the French Revolution ran out of control, the responsibilities of men, of politics who were in charge at the time, what they should have done, etc. Her writing of the possible is a political act to change what should be changed in the world and a tribute to Freedom
Pacquot, Marie-Charline. "La Révolution française d'Edgar Quinet." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC009.
Full textThe philosophy of the 19th century in France is built around the meaning which it is proper to give to the French Revolution. Without ancestry, without precedent, claiming to be original, it intends to make a clean break with the past and realise the ideals of liberty and autonomy developed during the Age of Enlightenment. Yet the great hopes of 1789 were followed by the Terror, an Empire, and, in the end, the Restoration. From then on, the Revolution became the object of an eminently ambivalent speculative elaboration, as long as one saw at once the triumph of the principles of natural right, the foundation of a society where the people could seize its destiny, and the convulsive moment of a society threatened with dissolution, the beginning of an era in which the triumphant individual, egoistically bent on private interests, had destroyed everything. It is then for history to find meaning in the event and thus to pronounce on the present and future of civilisation: was the Revolution an accident which came to break the passage of time? Was it on the contrary the inevitable outcome of history? How to explain then how the plan to liberate men from the Old Regime could have resulted in the Terror which is the very denial of freedom and the individual ? Edgar Quinet is both a witness and a privileged player in this 19th century where the instability of successive political regimes revives endlessly the revolutionary question. In an intellectual landscape where the discursive regime is blurred, where philosophers must take history into account and historians call on philosophy, Quinet Quinet develops an uncompromising thought about the freedom that allows him to identify the failure of the Revolution on the spiritual plane, where, according to him, it has failed most to free man. Against the flow of his contemporaries, the republican author identifies religion as the Gordian knot of the Revolution: it is because it neglected the question of religion that the Revolution failed ; it is because it allowed to prosper at its heart a principle of servitude that it lost its way. It is therefore through the separation of Church and State that a society can be created in which man, benefitting from a secular education, can be truly free and create a democratic society
Mounier, Hélène. ""Tu rendras tes serments au Seigneur" : Une histoire politico-religieuse du serment. XVIe-XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10039.
Full textThe oath represents a key instrument for calibrating the prominence of the religious sphere combined with the political situation that characterizes the early modern period (16th-18th century). Thus, it appears that particularly troubled times -religious wars, then the French revolution- present a regular use of the oath, primarily intended to reinforce the solidity of bonds and agreements. The use of the institution experiences an unprecedented evolution as early as the religious wars, thus highlighting the need to express ideological allegiance along with the traditional guarantee of loyalty. During that painful period and especially at its conclusion, the oath conveys a national unity now primarily revolving around the political bond; the religious dimension, although still fundamental receding into the background. The Revolution is a golden age for the oath of allegiance, which enables “the new man” to provide the indispensable sanctity for the regeneration of the society he wishes to be dechristianized. During the period, the oath plays the role of exclusion while laying a foundation for the revolutionary repression. Above all, the institution conceals destructive effects, even when it is supposed to be the building tool of the new City. Resorting to the oath during the periods currently presented emphasizes the building of the Modern State through a sacralization of politics. However, as the very essence of the institution lies in its religious roots, an oath, either secular or laying the foundation of a strictly secular society may not exist without risking becoming meaningless or turned into a mere promise
Constantini, Laurent. "Les Constitutions des Républiques soeurs, illustration d’un modèle français pour l’Europe ?" Thesis, Paris Est, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PEST2002.
Full textThe Sister Republics were created in Italy, Switzerland and the Netherlands through military intervention, during the French Revolution, and their constitutions are very much alike that of the Directoire. Of these ten Constitutions, adopted between 1796 and 1799, some were simply granted by France while others were passed on a more autonomous basis.At a time when the European powers were unable to contain the expansion of the Great nation, the latter wanted to surround itself with Republics built in its image, allied, even docile so as to surround itself in a protective glacis. These Constitutions were, thus, set up thanks to the French army's action, although they were meant to enforce the freedom of these revolutionized peoples. Freed from foreign dominion or from a non-equalitarian regime, they would experience emancipation through the republican ideal expressed in their constitutions. However, the Constitution de l'an III, upon which they were designed, was itself the expression of a dilemma. Thermidorians wanted to put an end to the Jacobin episode, while maintaining the gains of the republican regime. The Sister Republics are, hence, often described as the place of the constitutional experiments which could not be done in France. It is then question, through constitutional analysis, to compare the various translations of the republican ideal found in those texts, and to show the differences between them and the French model of 1795, so as to find out how adaptable they are. This investigation into the originality of the Constitutions of the Sister Republics in front of the republican ideal, will deal with the themes which are constitutive of this idea : equality, rights, liberties, protection of rights, citizenship, sovereignty, political representation and separation of powers
Tavakkoli, Amirpasha. "Le débat britannique sur la Révolution française : de Burke à Bentham." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0191.
Full textEven though the British debate on the French Revolution was short lived (1789-1795), it deeply influenced many great Europe an thinkers throughout the 19th century. Why did the Revolution take place in France? Did the Revolution come as a continuation of American independence and the British glorious revolution, or does it represent a more radical break in the course of modern history ? Can we better understand the repercussions of the Revolution on a European scale through the prism of British political discourse? We will try to answer these questions by reconstructing the philosophical exchange between the defenders and the refractors of the Revolution. If Edmund Burke radically opposed the Revolution from 1789 by emphasizing the violent consequences of the French revolutionary experience, some other Enlightenment philosophers such as Paine, Wollstonecraft or Godwin emphasized the progressive and innovative demands of the French Revolution compared to the revolutions of the Anglo-Saxon world. In this thesis, we will try to bring into dialogue the main arguments of the philosophical-political quarrel concerning the French Revolution, with the aim of better understanding the spirit of the British debate on the Revolution
Bernard, Thomas. "Du sabre à la plume : le général d'Empire Fornier d'Albe (1769-1834). Vie privée d'un notable nîmois." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL088.
Full textGaspard-Hilarion Fornier d’Albe was born in 1769 in a family of protestant aristocrats from the department of the Gard, soon ennobled thanks to their trade activities. He begins his career just before the end of the Ancien Régime after an exemplary education. Distinguishing himself in southern armies during the French Revolution, he’s dismissed as a noble and federalist, then reintegrated to participate to the expedition in Egypt. He’s then assigned to administrative fonctions in general staff, participates to napoleonian campaigns, and crowns his career with the defense of the place of Custrin during 13 months in 1813-1814. Retired when Bourbons return, he lives in Paris as a bourgeois with property incomes, and – conveying the napoleonian legend – becomes the relay of a liberal protestant party traumatised by the Terreur Blanche. General Fornier d’Albe is a lot more interesting because of the private aspects of his life than his military career. He leaves to history three intimate and extremely rich writings : the Egyptian Diary, the Custrin Memorial and the health diary. Telling to his mistress the spleen he feels in the egyptian environment and his sexual relationships in the first one, describing the horror of the siege of Custrin and analyzing the fall of the Empire in the second one, he studies the slow decomposition of his body because of e venereal disease in the health diary. Private writings are a common thread for the biography of this bibliophile and erudite notable who embodies the contradictions of the generation that shaped contemporary France
Michelesi, Robert. "L'installation des justices de paix dans le département des Bouches-du-Rhône entre 1790 et fin 1792." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM1089.
Full textSearch in the five districts of the Bouches du Rhone Department, the Justices of Peace installed in all cantons between 1790 and December 1792. Examine the difficulties of their installation relative to the electoral procedure of appointment of the judges, assessors, registrars who was established by the Law d'Organisation Judiciaire of the 16 and 24 August 1790. Examine the functioning of these jurisdictions during the first period of their life between 1790 and December 1792
Julian, Thibaut. "L’Histoire de France en jeu dans le théâtre des Lumières et de la Révolution (1765-1806)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040181.
Full textThe second half of the eighteenth-century is characterized by a thorough transformation of the political world, a change which reflected the simultaneous development of public criticism and patriotism. Theatre plays a key role in this process. Following Voltaire, a variety of playwrights use French history for their plots, and in so doing they update genres and audience expectations. Alongside epic or sentimental plays of the troubadour genre, bio-dramas of “Great Men” soon appeared, followed by dramatic apotheoses and the Revolution’s “faits historiques”. This varied corpus of plays – performed ¬ or not, on official or private stages – constitutes what we may call the national drama of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution.By studying these texts and their reception, I analyse how the theatrical representation of French history and its ability to act as a mirror between the past and the present contribute to the contemporary changes in thought. National drama not only showcases the esthetical and dramaturgic debates of this turning point between classicism and romanticism, but it additionally implicates issues of politics and memory: it is more than simple moral entertainment, it has civic value. These productions create a collective historical heritage with its own myths and legends, but the playwrights’ contradictory ideological intentions and the audiences’ active participation also make this theatre a site of dissent. National drama also expresses contemporary social strains and seeks to evoke specific emotions such as admiration, empathy, outrage and horror in the face of the past’s wounds
Maury, Serge. "Histoire d'un groupe convulsionnaire tardif à la fin du XVIIIe siècle : 'les Fareinistes'." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30028/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the history of a group of convulsionnary Jeansenists of the end of the eighteenth century. This sectarian group forms in the village of Fareins (in the area which will later become the département of Ain) in the 1870's, around the priest François Bonjour, who crucified a prophetess of his "sect" in 1787 and went on trial under the Revolution. Eventually released, François Bonjour set himself in Paris, where a convulsionary Jeansenist prophetess, called “sister Élisée", started a preaching which would go on until 1805 (the year of the arresting of François Bonjour and his circle). The history of this convultionary sect has already been studied by several historians, but our approch distinguishes itself by a deliberate anthropological and sociological point of view. When dealing with the local events in Fareins, we deemed relevant to do an ethnographic study of the villager’s struggles as well as an anthropological analysis of rural prophetism and of devilish possession. The radicalization of the Fareinists which followed the French Revolution allows us to take up the problem of revolutionary millenarianism. The imposing corpus of the prophecies and “visions” of sister Élisée is then analyzed under several lines. First, the prophetess’ speeches are a weapon she uses in the struggles for power against her opponents. Secondly, we reconstructed the « culture » of this group (in the anthropological sense of the concept) and showed how the biblical esotericism specific to this environment works. Eventually, the spectacular transes of sister Élisée were studied in the light of the anthropological works on the facts of possession
Wang, Shihwei. "Images de la Révolution dans le théâtre français de 1968 à 1989- Analyses de 1789 et de 1793, dans l’après Mai 68, de La Mort de Danton et de La Mission/ Au Perroquet vert, dans le cadre du Bicentenaire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA068/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on four performances staged in two periods when the orthodox view of the socialist revolution was being challenged by the spread of neo-liberalism. In parallel, it aims to throw light on the various theatrical and theoretical approaches to the historical myth and their inextricable link with the sociopolitical problems of the age. In light of the deep sense of demoralisation felt by activists in the wake of the political defeat of the May 68 movement, the Théâtre du Soleil tries to demystify the history of the French Revolution to examine the contemporary revolutionary spirit and the growth of democracy in our modern age. In 1789 and 1793 it reveals the general sense of combativeness that pervaded all age groups, and turns the spotlight on the critical problems of current political issues. In contrast to the commemorative and festive atmosphere of the bicentennial of the French Revolution, Klaus Michael Grüber and Matthias Langhoff adopt a more objective, theoretical approach in order to reveal the ambiguities that exist between individual understanding and collective engagement, between the existential dilemma of disillusioned revolutionaries and their political ideals. Danton's Death and The Mission/The Green Cockatoo reflect the general sense of disorientation felt in the wake of the collapse of the Eastern bloc at the end of 1989. These four theatrical pieces allow us to gain an insight into the contradictions of humankind when confronted with momentous historical events in order to move beyond the limits of previous revolutions and create new possibilities for future revolutionary actions
Saint-Roman, Julien. "Le geste et la révolution : Pratiques sociales et modernité politique des ouvriers de l’arsenal de Toulon (vers 1760 - vers 1815)." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM3053.
Full textThis work focuses on social practices and politicization of workers in the arsenal of Toulon at the end of the modern era and during the French Revolution in order to understand, from below, how comes a new group: the class. This study is based on few or no archives used in naval history. By analysing medical sources, judicial and notarized without neglecting official correspondence and matriculaires or land registers, we can discover all aspects of the daily behavior of workers in the dockyard of Toulon. From the 1760s, workers must reformulate the contours of their identity based on their laborious routines on docks and their experiences at sea because of the appearance of the foreman and engineer which enforces new authority reports, and of the implementation of economic liberalism. In contrast, the proportion of Southerners, the powerful social reproduction and socio-spatial segregation within the city perpetuate the community dimension of the workers of the arsenal. In fact, their practices and representations are most profoundly affected in the political field, during the Revolution. They participate in the organization of the port, the urban sections are used to hold their meetings and their citizen involvement is amplified by specific modes of participation that are transforming their search for moral economy in popular political economy. Therefore thesis shows that the French Revolution led to the establishment of a proletarian class and its inclusion in the contemporary world of social struggles
Eljorf, Ghazi. "Un journal réactionnaire sous la Convention thermidorienne : La Quotidienne." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2037/document.
Full textOur purpose throughout this research on La Quotidienne, a Parisian daily newspaper, is to deal with an aspect of reactionary thought in France at the end of the Revolution, in 1795 to be precise. Even though the title of this thesis focuses on the Thermidorian Convention, our research includes December 1796 issues, published therefore under the Directory rule. This allows us to consider the evolution of this paper between two political systems.Our thesis mostly focuses on the different genres and forms of literature published in La Quotidienne (poetry, dialogues, theatre…). It was however necessary to first consider the general context of publication: the political history of the Thermidorian Convention, as well as the timid and careful rebirth of press freedom after the 9th Thermidor. Between these two parts, we provide a material description of the newspaper (headings, articles, sections, subscription, etc.)We have read La Quotidienne with curiosity and as objectively as possible; but also with a pleasure derived from our strong attachment to literature and the press. We wish to convey some of this pleasure to our readers, when they discover this somewhat neglected newspaper – a small stage where the main ideas of the time are at play
Attuel-Hallade, Aude. "Thomas Babington Macaulay et la Révolution française : la pensée libérale whig en débat." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030169.
Full textThe "father of Whig History", Thomas Babington Macaulay, was, during his lifetime and after his death,translated in numerous European countries ( Germany, France, The Netherlands ) as well as outside Europe(Mexico). Embodying, from the end of the nineteenth century, a liberal, progressive and especially nonscientifichistory, denounced by "professional " historians, he remained no less highly present in school anduniversity textbooks up to the Second World War, and even in contemporary and current political speeches.In 1931, and then in 1944, Herbert Butterfield attempted to define his interprétation of history and sought todemonstrate how political action and historical vision embody a pragmatic and reformist model, theantithesis of the French revolutionary model, which explains the exceptional English, British, even imperial,political stability of Great Britain since the Glorious Revolution. Since then, Butterfield's successors, andfirst among them, J. G. A. Pocock and John Burrow, have been shedding light on this liberal, becomenational, whig tradition, soon to be synonymous with the Burkean interpretation of history. However, basedon the dialogue between British liberals ( Whigs such as Millar and Mackintosh, Utilitarians such as theMills, father and son ), and French liberals ( such as Constant, Guizot and Tocqueville), while illustrating inother respects the fruitful exchange between Great Britain and France during the nineteenth century - beforeMacaulay's work was only very episodically translated and commented on in the twentieth century in France- and on a thorough exploration of Macaulay's work on the French Revolution, this study intends todemonstate that beyond the political division of the Whig party during the revolutionary period, Macaulay'sWhig history sanctions a new line of political thought, a new interprétation of the English and FrenchRévolutions and liberal philosophy of history, breaking with Hume and Burke. By placing the political andreligious emancipation of individuals at the heart of history, Macaulay defended the democratization and thesecularization of society and illustrated a post-Revolutionary liberal history, a new Whig paradigm, thatcannot be called conservative nor counter- revolutionary
Leblois, Jacques. "La fortune de Taine : réception des "Origines de la France contemporaine" : 1875-1914." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01011605.
Full textSimien, Côme. "Des maîtres d’école aux instituteurs : une histoire de communautés rurales, de République et d’éducation, entre Lumières et Révolution (années 1760-1802)." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAL029.
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Ambrus, Gauthier. "Marie-Joseph Chénier, un poète en temps de révolution (1788-1795)." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL144.
Full textFor a long time, the French Revolution has been seen as a black hole in the universe of literary history, a vision that scholars have yet been reconsidering in the past decades. The study of the literary career of Marie-Joseph Chénier (1764-1811), a tragic poet reputed in his time and the younger brother of André Chénier, offers the possibility for a better understanding of the many ruptures and continuities that the period underwent. Marie-Joseph Chénier enters the literary world at the very end of the Ancien Régime and unexpectedly makes himself a name in the fall of 1789 with a theatre play that he succeeds in putting on stage despite censorship: Charles IX, a tragedy in which he places artistic freedom and more specifically that of theatre at the heart of political events. The stage seems due to secure the author an unprecedented influence. Chénier attempts in this context to accompany in his later tragedies the evolution of the Revolution albeit not without some critical distance and together with an involvement in public life, first among the Jacobins then within the Convention. He thus becomes an important figure of the cultural institutions of his time notably through the anthems that he composes for nearly all the revolutionary festivals between 1790 and 1795. The events during the Terror have a lasting personal impact on Chénier who then decides to mark a pause in his theatrical vocation after 9 Thermidor. He abandons the literary world and focuses on the cultural and political reconstruction of the new Republic that follows the fall of the Montagnards. Chénier is subjected to tenacious political hatred that will lastingly affect his reputation as a poet. To that respect his life and career are representative of the transformations that inform the status and work of a man of letters under the Revolution. They also illustrate the new kinds of obstacles met by authors in that period
Maneuvrier-Hervieu, Paul. "La Normandie dans l'économie Atlantique au 18e siècle : production, commerce et crises." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMC032.
Full textAfter the long years of the Louis XIV’s wars, the return of peace in Europe and on the seas represented the beginning of a new era in the history of Normandy. Within a few years, ports were back on the road to growth thanks to thedevelopment of the colonies and the resumption of commercial activities. The massive arrival of colonial products and in particular of the "cotton king", brought about many changes in urban centres and countryside where spinning was booming. The development of the Atlantic economy and its importance for the Norman economy was, however,not without consequences. Even if it brought a certain ease and enabled many rural inhabitants to ensure their daily subsistence, it sealed at the same time the fate of a part of the population to the commercial activities and the vicissitudes of the textile industry, which was rapidly expanding. This dissertation relies on a quantitative and spatial analysis, with a focus on crises and subsistence riots, to study the consequences of the integration of Normandy in the Atlantic economy. Beyond a re-examination of the crisis that erupted between the Peace of Utrecht and the American War of Independence, this research focuses on two emblematic periods marked by major transformations. The signature in 1786 of the so-called Eden-Rayneval trade treaty between France and England, which put an end to the mercantilist policy in force since 1713, marked the beginning of the first period. The second is that of the crisis caused by the French Revolution, the revolt of the slaves in Saint-Domingue in 1791, and the return of the war on the seas in 1793
Ferradou, Mathieu. ""Aux États-Unis de France et d'Irlande" : circulations révolutionnaires entre France et Irlande à l'époque de la République atlantique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/7d22394b-42e4-413a-b621-060974c5ca6f.
Full textWith the advent of the republic in France in the summer of 1792, the revolutionary potential initiated by the upheaval of 1789 suddenly exploded in Ireland. In a context of rising popular discontent led by the United Irishmen and the Defenders in Ireland, the Irish exiles in Paris also embraced the republic, first at the micro-local scale of the Irish College in Paris of which the students took control in a fleeting but highly significant moment, the ‘République au Collège’, then at the ‘festin patriotique’, a gathering of all the Atlantic revolutionary galaxy, but most notably of the ‘citizens’ of the Three Kingdoms. These two events initiated a process of personal engagement for each of the protagonists and a transnational revolutionary dynamic through the project of establishing the ‘Republic of the United States of France and Ireland’. This commitment and this dynamic were extant throughout the activities, both public and covert, of the Society of the English, Scottish and Irish at Paris or Société des Amis des Droits de l’Homme (SADH). They contributed, because of the collaboration between France and the SADH, to spark the war between England and France. The dialectic between the republican and counter-republican dynamics in the context of the French Wars led the protagonists of the Republic of the United States of France and Ireland to pursue and further define their project in an astonishing continuity between 1792 and 1798. While this republic project varied in its forms and modalities due to the changing political and geopolitical context, it reached its apex with the Franco-Irish expeditions of 1796 and 1798. Following the paths of twenty eight Irish republican patriots, and examining their networks of sociability and circulations, enable to question the motivations and forms of political engagement, in the perspective of a social history of political ideas, i.e. by studying the transition from words to acts, which depends on the circumstances and on the social environment. In the dialectic between Counter-Revolution and Revolution, this engagement leads to a process of ‘radicalisation’. By doing so, this dissertation aims at questioning the prevailing historiography of the 1790s in Ireland, by replacing it in its context of revolutionary synergies and by exploring the concept of the Atlantic Republic, thereby offering a new take on the process of popular politicisation in Ireland
Pouffary, Marion. "Robespierre, le poids des mots, le choc de l’échafaud. L’image de Robespierre dans le discours politique de la Restauration à la fin du XIXe siècle." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL138.
Full textStudying the image of Robespierre in the political discourse from the Restauration to the end of the 19th century highlights the construction process of the golden legend of Robespierre, which has never been precisely analysed, although it influenced profoundly historiography. Built from 1830 onwards by militants belonging to the radical fringe of the republican movement, it presents Robespierre as the defender of political and social equality, the theoretician of the right to insurrection and the apostle of a brotherly religion, basis of a new social contract. This study also shows that Robespierre’s dark legend is split by ideological divides which remained until now unclear. A dark legend which can be called “conservative/counter-revolutionary” appeared during the Revolution. It describes Robespierre at the same time as a tyrant and as a godless leveller anarchist. The liberal dark legend appeared under the Restoration presents Robespierre only as a clerical tyrant. The communist and anarchist dark legends, which emerged respectively at the beginning of the 1840’s and under the Second Republic, point out not only Robespierre’s clericalism but also his lack of social concerns. Unlike the communist dark legend, the anarchist dark legend reuses the image of the tyrant and denounces Robespierre’s implication in the Terror. Finally, a republican-liberal dark legend emerges in the middle of the 19th century. It is a continuation of the liberal dark legend which is also influenced by the communist and anarchist dark legends. It presents Robespierre as a political and clerical tyrant and stresses on his lack of interest in economic issues
Doiron, Shannon. "The legal career of Claude François Chauveau-Lagarde at the time of the French Revolution." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/5464/1/M12689.pdf.
Full textSopchik, Rebecca. "Deadly Speech: Denunciation and the Radicalization of Discourse during the French Revolution." Thesis, 2014. https://doi.org/10.7916/D86H4G5M.
Full textBonnemaison, Sarah. "Allegories of commemoration." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/7185.
Full textBeausoleil, Marie-Ève. "Espaces et pratiques de l'activisme politique de Germaine de Staël lors de la Révolution française (1789-1799)." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3497.
Full textThis essay explores the cultural conditions shaping the political participation of the Parisian salon woman and famous author Anne-Louise-Germaine Necker, baroness of Staël-Holstein (1766-1817), during the French Revolution (1789-1799). Looking at representations, it underlines Germaine de Staël’s appropriation and recasting of gender norms to work out a suitable political role for elite women in the revolutionary context. This role was notably based on an ethic of friendship, and an ideal of virtue acquired by combining sensibility and reason. Her constitutional project, both liberal and elitist, sought to integrate female contribution to the political process through polite sociability and literary production. In regard to practices, this essay shows how networking tools and forums of discussion such as salons, correspondence and publication functioned together to position Staël within a socio-political space where she could act. It considers these forums as constitutive elements of a revolutionary political culture that Staël used creatively and constructively to promote her ideas and party.
De, Mattos Rudy Frédéric 1974. "The discourse of women writers in the French Revolution: Olympe de Gouges and Constance de Salm." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3468.
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