Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Frênes'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 22 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Frênes.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Ramirez, de Arellano Jimenez Fernando. "Variabilité morphologique, anatomique et architecturale du frêne oxyphylle (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl. Ssp angustifolia)." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20036.
Full textChapuzet, Elizabeth. "Le Frêne : étude allopathique et homéopathique." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR2P030.
Full textBiju-Duval, Marie. "Sécoiridoi͏̈des et coumarines du genre Fraxinus." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P220.
Full textBesnard, Gilles. "Ecophysiologie de trois essences alluviales et contribution de la nappe phréatique à leur alimentation en eau dans les forêts riveraines du Haut-Rhône français (Alnus incana (L. )Moench, Fraxinus excelsior L. , Salix cinerea L. )." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10156.
Full textGerard, Pierre. "Isolement reproducteur et dispersion en zone hybride forestière: l'exemple des frênes (Fraxinus excelsior L. et F. angustifolia Vahl)." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001763.
Full textGérard, Pierre. "Isolement reproducteur et dispersion en zone hybride forestière : l'exemple des frênes (Fraxinus excelsior L. et F. angustifolia Vahl)." Paris, ENGREF, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ENGR0002.
Full textHybrid zones between closely related species are useful tools to study evolutionary processes, particularly speciation. The evolution of reproductive isolation in these zones will mainly depend on the intensity of gene flow and the fitness of hybrids. In forest trees, large scale contact zones usually exist as a result of broad geographical ranges, long-distance pollen flow and high outcrossing rates. We studied natural hybridization between the two ash species Fraxinus excelsior L. (common ash) and F. Angustifolia Vahl (narrow-leaved ash), autochthonous in France. We developed molecular and physiological (based on seed dormancy) markers that discriminate the two species, and which could be applied by forest managers but are insufficient to detect hybrids in natural populations. We used microsatellite markers and morphological data to describe very different hybrid zones at the country scale. We showed that the distribution of the two species and their hybrids are tightly linked with ecological variables, suggesting that climate is an important factor that restricts hybridization. The two species showing very divergent flowering times, we assessed the role of floral phenology in restricting gene flow at a local scale. We detected isolation by time patterns. Reproductive events mainly occur between co-flowering trees, and pollen flow is asymmetric. Early flowering hybrids are widespread, and show a higher male and female reproductive success, producing more flowers and fruits and suffering less floral gale attacks. They show relatively high selfing rates, and they may have a higher fitness in this intermediate ecotone, possibly increasing their colonizing abilities
Cluzeau, Catherine. "Analyse et modélisation de la croissance et du développement du système aérien du frêne (fraxinus excelsior l. ) en peuplement, en perspective d'applications à la sylviculture." Nancy 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NAN10292.
Full textJoseph, Romain. "Diversité des réponses écophysiologiques et moléculaires pour un complexe de frênes européens (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl et Fraxinus excelsior L. et leurs hybrides) face à la contrainte hydrique." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGPT0088/document.
Full textThe latest climate change scenarios predict a rise in mean temperature in Europe of 2 to 4°C for 2099 (IPCC, 2007), associated with extreme climatic events such as severe droughts. Knowing adaptation capabilities of tree species is crucial for understanding their responses and forest ecosystem fate in the near future. Our study object is a species complex inside the Fraxinus genus (ash, Oleaceae). In France, F. excelsior and F. angustifolia are autochthonous, form natural hybrid populations and show remarkable phenotypic and ecological plasticity. This could promote the emergence of new individuals (genotypes) more able to deal with fluctuating environments. Our objective is to characterise the capability of adaptation of different Fraxinus populations, representing the three statuses (F.excelsior, F.angustifolia and hybrids) under abiotic constraints (water constraint). To solve this issue, we examine in a low water constraint experiment (-0.9 MPa) ecophysiological and genetic response, using saplings. A second and more severe water constraint experiment (-4 MPa) was used to investigate ash response to the loss of hydraulic conductivity. The most noticeable result was an intermediate and highly variable behaviour of hybrid ash populations in the two experiments (A, gs, WUEi, PLC) linked with they respective introgression degree (closer to F.excelsior or F.angustifolia). This hybrid trees could be used for foresters as a resource and insurance against catastrophic forest stand decline, for a future climate
Grosdidier, Marie. "Épidémiologie de la chalarose du frêne, une maladie causée par l’agent pathogène Hymenoscyphus fraxineus." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0151/document.
Full textIntroduction of invasive pathogen fungi is a major cause of forest diseases emergence. For 30 years, a dieback has severely affected ashes and in particular Fraxinus excelsior. The pathogenic fungus causing the disease is an ascomycete originating from Eastern Asia, Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. It was observed for the first time in 90’s in Poland, then rapidly spread over Europe and was reported in France in 2008. The disease is mainly spread by airborne ascospores. The aim of this thesis is to study the epidemiology of H. fraxineus dispersal by determining environmental factors which impact pathogen development, and by proposing a dispersal model of the disease. The first objective of this thesis was to improve the trapping method of airborne inoculum and then, to use it to study the dispersal pattern of H. fraxineus. An experiment was set up to confirm the reliability of the molecular biology test for low levels of target such as these observed at the disease front. This trapping method of airborne spores was then compared to maps of disease presence deriving from symptoms reports on ashes. The study was realized at different scales, landscape (village) and regional, with sampling area of about 100 km at the disease front. This work enabled us to determine a radius around inoculum source that would have to be manage for effectively limit the disease development. The second objective of the thesis aimed at determining environmental factors which influence disease development, which is an important issue for forest management and future of ashes in the next decade. We have shown that high host density and high humidity both positively impact disease development. This work confirmed the pathogen susceptibility to high summer temperatures in natural settings and suggests that the climate of Southeastern France should limit disease development. At a larger scale, climate change may work in favor of ashes. Moreover, an Allee effect presence in the population dynamic of H. fraxineus was suggest by our experimental results. The last objective of this thesis was to model the disease spread in France. Our works estimated the spread speed to 60 km per year. A reaction-diffusion model was developed to link dispersal disease according to H. fraxineus population dynamic and environmental factors which impact its development. This dispersal model which can use standard data of French forest health surveillance system will provide new knowledge useful to implement management strategies. This thesis offers perspectives on the future of ashes in a context of climate change and more broadly about the management of biological invasions
Hinsinger, Damien. "Diversité et évolution du genre Fraxinus." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27439/27439.pdf.
Full textThe genus Fraxinus contains about 45 species of temperate trees and shrubs colonizing various habitats in the Northern hemisphere. A great intraspecific and interspecific diversity indicated the need to estimate a molecular phylogeny in order to reconstruct and interpret the biogeographic history of this circumpolar angiosperm tree genus, both at the generic and the specific scale in Europe. The study of cpDNA diversity did not allow to distinguish among the different species of the genus, particularly when these species were closely related, due to very low divergence rates at the nucleotide level. However, some taxonomical sections of the genus could be recognised. These results show that the use of cpDNA regions as a molecular barcode cannot be a universal answer for the estimation of forest tree biodiversity, despite the good discrimination and results obtained with herbaceous plants. Thus, subsequent efforts at estimating the phylogeny of the genus were thus directed towards nuclear regions. The sections previously described were retrieved, and species that could not be attributed to a taxonomic group (incertae sedis) were assigned with confidence to the section Melioides. Some species of the section Melioides appeared to have exchanged genes recently or having radiated, forming a polytomy in all datasets. According to this phylogeny, three dispersal events were inferred, two from North America to Asia, the last from Asia to North America. The evolution of the section Fraxinus, which is mainly found in Eurasia, was further investigated and the phylogeny dated, in order to determine associations between past geological and climatic changes and the extant genetic diversity. A major incongruence was detected between tree topologies derived from different regions of the nuclear genome, indicating ancient reticulate evolution between F. angustifolia and F. mandshurica. The Himalaya uplift and climatic changes observed during the end of Tertiary could explain the speciation events in the section, whereas the warmer climate during the Miocene could have provided favourable conditions for expanding natural ranges, favouring reticulate evolution between F. angustifolia and F. mandshurica. All these results confirm the key role of natural hybridization and ancient reticulate evolution, highlighting the major influence of environmental changes on structuring the present taxonomical and genetic diversity of the genus Fraxinus.
Mokhbi, Abdel Whahab. "Contribution à l'étude de la dormance des bourgeons de Fraxinus Excelsior L. : rôle de l'acide abscissique et des gibbérellines." Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE4231.
Full textJeandroz, Sylvain. "Organisation de l'espaceur intergenique de l'adn ribosomique nucleaire du frene commun (fraxinus excelsior). Exploitation du polymorphisme moleculaire en reconnaissance d'especes." Besançon, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BESA2010.
Full textVitasse, Yann. "Déterminismes environnemental et génétique de la phénologie des arbres de climat tempéré : suivi des dates de débourrement et de sénescence le long d'un gradient altitudinal et en tests de provenances." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13788/document.
Full textTo assess the response of forests to climate change, the phenology of six tree species was monitored from 2005 to 2007 both along an altitudinal gradient (providing a thermal gradient of about 7 ° C), and in provenance trials at various altitudes. The aim was (i) to characterize phenological patterns of leaf unfolding and leaf senescence timings in situ, (ii) to determine climatic variables responsible for these patterns, in particular using phenological models, and (iii) to assess the genetic variability and phenotypic plasticity of these phenological events. Our results showed that spring temperature differentially affected the leaf unfolding dates of the six species, with significant disparity in responses among species (from -1.9 days / ° C to -6.5 days / ° C for beech and oak, respectively) but not between the populations of a given species. Regarding the dates of senescence, we highlighted that temperature induced a strong shift of this event for oak and beech (> 5 days / ° C), while no cline was detected for sycamore and ash. The lengthening the growing season in response to an increase in temperature is thus mainly the result of an advance in flushing dates for all species except beech, whose growing season length changes were greatly resulting from shifts in senescence. Phenological models stressed the importance of forcing temperatures (effective during bud quiescence period), while the chilling temperatures (effective during dormancy) did not appear to significantly influence the occurrence of leaf unfolding. Concerning senescence variations , the models highlighted the role of temperature for sessile oak and beech, while the photoperiod and other factors could be involved in the ash and maple. Thus, for oak, the models predicted that the length of growing season will extend faster than the one for beech in the coming decades, and that the phenological competitive balance between these two species will likely to evolve towards higher altitudes. Finally, we showed that the sampled populations showed strong adaptations in phenology and growth in spite of their geographical proximity. Moreover, the reaction norms indicated, first, the existence of a strong phenological plasticity of species, and second, that this plasticity seemed to be an intrinsic characteristic of the species. These results underline that trees have consequent inherent adaptive capacities in phenological traits which may enable them to cope with global warming. However, the differences in phenological sensitivities among species suggest that global warming will significantly affect the competitive balance of species
Trique, Michaël. "Étude en site naturel des phénomènes physiques associés au cycle sismique : l'expérience de Sur-Frêtes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10275.
Full textFan, Rong. "La relation frêre-soeur chez Marguerite Duras." Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082580.
Full textCollin, Pascal. "Croissance et développement du frêne commun (Fraxinus excelsior L. ) cultivé en conditions contrôlées : recherche de leurs déterminismes." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA2025.
Full textMdawar, Ola. "Les accrus de frêne (Fraxinus excelsior L.) à l'interface environnement/sylviculture dans les Pyrénées Centrales : distribution spatiale et croissance." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT016A/document.
Full textThe changes of pastoral management practices in the Central Pyrenees are at the origin of the colonization process of grasslands by the ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.). This colonization process leads to the establishment of very dense and frequent patches of ashes in the Pyrenean landscape. The research is focused on the study of the current and future distribution of these forest patches resulting of the extension of ash trees by natural seeding called "the accrues" and on their potentiality of growth in relation to the nutritional factors which can be limiting from the point of view of an economic valorization of these new forest patches. The study of the tree growth was carried out on different levels: growth in height according to the fertility, and growth in diameter according to the climate and the competition. For this last factor, the growth was studied on in situ tree settlements without intervention and with two levels of thinning. The recognition of ash patches patterns within the mountain landscape was not possible using the traditional tools of remote sensing (SPOT) and should have require new technologies such as LIDAR or multispectral aero data which were out of reach during the PhD work. Exploratory field work has shown that at the landscape level, the presence of ash patches is a function of the topography and the land use history. With regard to the diameter growth of these increased, it is modulated by the strength of the trees, the level of competition and the climate. The maximum temperatures of April and the minimal temperatures of September or August influence the growth on the surface of tree ring. The ash reacts to the first year to thinning, especially for recent settlements and young trees. The effect of the mineral nutrition on the tree growth in height is not significant. The results on spatial pattern dynamics and the references on ash growth in a wide range of soil conditions obtained during this work constitutes a tool to help to manage ash patches within the studied area mainly with an economic point of view
Duplessis, Patricia. "Analyse des métaux lourds des cernes de croissance du frêne de Pennsylvanie (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) en plaines alluviales affectées par la contamination (Sud du Québec, Canada)." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2010. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1186/1/030140255.pdf.
Full textJulien, Marie-Pierre. "Processus de colonisation des prairies permanentes par le frêne (Fraxinus excelsior L. ) et conséquences sur la biodiversité : le cas de la zone périphérique du Parc national des Pyrénées." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30060.
Full textTraditionally used as a fodder species in the local pastoral system, ash has now become an invading species of the grasslands of the Pyrenees National Park. The aim of this work is to identify and study the importance of the factors influencing the colonization processes, and to evaluate their impact on biodiversity. Heavy grazing and mowing are directly preventing grasslands from ash seedlings establishment, when low grazing intensity and grassland abandonment are indirectly allowing ash seedlings to establish. However the successful establishment of ash in grasslands does not only depend on changes in management practices but on the omnipresence of ash in the landscape and on its specific traits of invasive species. Regarding the biodiversity impact, the ground beetle communities are changing dramatically according to the degree of ash colonization which leads to the local extinction of the grasslands species whereas the transient ash stand appears to have a high conservative value
Macaluso-Galletta, Anna. "Etude des niveaux de contamination en HAP et des différentes variables biologiques dans les grains de pollen de pin (Pinus nigra) et de frêne (Fraximus excelsior) du sillon Mosellan." Metz, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2004/Macaluso_Galletta.Anna.SMZ0423.pdf.
Full textIn this work, Pinus nigra (Black pine) and Fraxinus excelsior (European ash) pollens are used for the monitoring of PAHs in Metz area. In urban areas, these species are considered as ornamental trees. Moreover they have been shown to accumulate airborne PAHs. Depending on sources (urban or industrial). Pollens from both species were contaminated with PAHs, from 60 to 214 ug/g for the ash and from 101 to 229 ug/g for pine, especially 5/6 ring compounds. Total PAHs concentrations in pollen were positively correlated to acid phosphatase and esterase activities in different urban and industrial areas
Trique, Michaël. "Etude en site naturel des phénomènes physiques associés au cycle sismique : l'expérience de Sur-Frêtes." Phd thesis, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00722248.
Full textOrdóñez, Díaz Leonardo. "La selva contada por los narradores : ecología política en novelas y cuentos hispanoamericanos de la selva (1905-2015)." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18455.
Full textThe forest has been, and remains, a key theme in Hispanic American literature. This research examines images of the forest in the Hispanic American narrative of the last century, stressing the analysis of works of writing set in the Amazon rainforest, Latin America’s quintessential natural setting. What are the most common imaginaries of the rainforest in this narrative production? What impact has the global ecological crisis had on different ways of “narrating the forest”? What types of relationships between human societies and rainforest ecosystems are represented in this corpus? What environmental and ecological problems are thematized in the texts? What role do Indigenous peoples play in the stories? And what role do animals, plants, and other nonhuman entities play? Do these works give a voice to notions of “nature” and “culture” that are different from Western ones? Do they give a voice to needs and perspectives that are different from human ones? To answer these questions, my work delves into four key issues of canonical rainforest narratives: the cultural perceptions of a tropical rainforest setting, the relationships between Indigenous peoples and settlers, the development of a historical consciousness of images of nature, and the search for new forms of relating to the natural environment. Although the proposed methodology favors the tools of ecocriticism and political ecology, the work also draws on current developments in environmental philosophy, rainforest biogeography, and cultural anthropology. By means of such an interdisciplinary approach, my work seeks to create a suitable setting for dialogue between literary criticism and other areas of knowledge. Ultimately, I aim to use these chosen literary texts as a window to exploring the human condition’s environmental dimension, providing ideas and viewpoints that could contribute to building a distinct, symbiotic and not merely extractive relationship between human societies and natural ecosystems.
La selva ha sido, y sigue siendo, un tema central de la literatura hispanoamericana. Este trabajo estudia las imágenes de la selva en la narrativa hispanoamericana durante el último siglo, enfatizando el análisis de obras cuya acción se sitúa en la selva amazónica, el entorno natural latinoamericano por excelencia. ¿Cuáles son los imaginarios de la selva más comunes en la producción novelística y cuentística? ¿Cuál ha sido el impacto de la crisis ecológica global en las formas de «contar la selva»? ¿Qué tipos de relación entre las sociedades humanas y los ecosistemas selváticos aparecen representados en estas obras? ¿Qué problemas ambientales y ecológicos son tematizados en ellas? ¿Qué papel desempeñan en los hechos narrados las poblaciones autóctonas? ¿Y cuál desempeñan, a su vez, los animales, las plantas y otras entidades no-humanas? ¿Las obras le dan voz a nociones de «naturaleza» y «cultura» distintas a las de Occidente, o a necesidades u ópticas distintas a las de los humanos? Para responder estas preguntas, el trabajo profundiza en temas claves del canon de las narrativas de la selva, como las percepciones culturales del ambiente selvático, las relaciones entre los pobladores indígenas de la selva y los colonizadores, el desarrollo de una conciencia histórica de las imágenes de la naturaleza y la búsqueda de nuevas formas de relación con el entorno ambiental, entre otros. Si bien la metodología escogida privilegia las herramientas del ecocriticismo y la ecología política, el trabajo se apoya igualmente en desarrollos recientes de la filosofía ambiental, la biogeografía de las selvas tropicales y la antropología cultural. Mediante este enfoque pluridisciplinar, el trabajo procura abrir un escenario de diálogo fecundo entre la crítica literaria y otras áreas del conocimiento. El objetivo último es aprovechar los textos literarios seleccionados como una ventana para explorar la dimensión ambiental de la condición humana, proveyendo ideas y puntos de vista que contribuyan en la construcción de una relación distinta, simbiótica y no simplemente extractiva, entre las sociedades humanas y los ecosistemas naturales.