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1

Pomonis, Philippos J., and Eleni T. Tsaousi. "Frenkel−Halsey−Hill Equation, Dimensionality of Adsorption, and Pore Anisotropy." Langmuir 25, no. 17 (2009): 9986–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la901121c.

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2

Njewa, Joel Brian, Timothy Tiwonge Biswick, Ephraim Vunain, Cheruiyot Silas Lagat, and Solomon Omwoma Lugasi. "Synthesis and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Agrowastes for the Removal of Acetic Acid from an Aqueous Solution." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (June 6, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7701128.

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In this study, activated carbons prepared from agrowastes by chemical activation were used to remove acetic acid from an aqueous solution through a batch process. The prepared adsorbents were characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and point of zero charge (pHpzc). The effects of adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, and contact time were considered. Equilibrium data was tested using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Frenkel–Halsey–Hill models. The degree of adsorption of acetic acid increased for both adsorbents as contact time, and adsorbent dosage and initial concentration were increased. The
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3

Hatch, Courtney D., Ann L. Greenaway, Matthew J. Christie, and Jonas Baltrusaitis. "Water adsorption constrained Frenkel–Halsey–Hill adsorption activation theory: Montmorillonite and illite." Atmospheric Environment 87 (April 2014): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.12.040.

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4

Kats, B. M., and V. V. Kutarov. "Adsorption of the Vapour of Low-Molecular Substances by Swelling Polymers." Adsorption Science & Technology 9, no. 1 (1992): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749200900103.

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The swelling and adsorption arising in the case of the polymolecular sorption of the vapour of low-molecular substances by swelling polymers can be satisfactorily described in terms of Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) theory. The FHH equation has been used to analyze the sorption and swelling isotherms obtained from the sorption of water vapour by styrene/divinylbenzene copolymers possessing surface amino groups. The notion of the ‘monolayer swelling volume’ has been introduced by the authors to obtain an equation which describes the characteristic swelling curve for the group of substances investiga
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5

He, Juan, and Chang Hui Yang. "Research on the Pore Structure of Alkali-Slag Cement Stone Activated with Water Glass." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.899.

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In view of the phenomena that alkali-slag cement has high mechanical strength and good impermeability and they are closely related with the pore structure of cement stone,water glass was selected as the alkali activater, nitrogen adsorption method was adopted to study the pore structure of alkali-slag cement stone, while the pore surface fractal dimension was determined by fractal theory. The results show that the pore structure of alkali-slag cement stone posesses obvious fractal characters and that fits the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill(FHH) model quite well.So the pore surface fractal dimension can b
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6

Mihalka, Peter, and Peter Matiasovsky. "Water Vapour Sorption and Hysteresis Models Applicable for Silicate Building Materials." Advanced Materials Research 1126 (October 2015): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1126.111.

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Various models of the water vapour sorption isotherms were analysed from the aspect of their applicability for silicate-based building materials like calcium-silicates, burnt clay bricks, plasters and mortars. The analysis included the assessment of the various sorption hysteresis models. They were compared and calibrated with experimental data, consisting of the main adsorption and the scanning curves. For the silicate-based building materials as a fundamental the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) models of adsorption in a combination together with Kelvin-Cohan (KC) m
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7

Bahah, Salah, Saci Nacef, Derradji Chebli, Brahim Djellouli, and Abdallah Bouguettoucha. "Study and Elucidation of Fractal Dimension in Anionic and Cationic Clays: Relationship between Fractal Dimensions to the Amount Adsorbed and Pore Size." Advanced Engineering Forum 30 (November 2018): 25–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.30.25.

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In order to search the correlation between textural properties and geometrical heterogeneity in clays, as characterized by the surface fractal dimension, we used, three different cationic clays; namely Kaolin of Hamam Dbagh, Montmorillonite (Mt) of Maghnia and a sample prepared from Sodium Montmorillonte (Na-Mt)) and three different synthetic anionic clays, ZnAlCO3, MgAlCO3at a molar ratio equal to three (R=3), and NiAlCO3with different molar ratios (R=2, R=3 and R= 4). This DSparameter was evaluated from nitrogen (N2) analysis gas. the fractal Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) (DS) models was used to
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8

Ahmad, A. L., and N. N. N. Mustafa. "Pore surface fractal analysis of palladium-alumina ceramic membrane using Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) model." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 301, no. 2 (2006): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.05.041.

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9

Shandurkov, Dimitar, Petar Ignatov, Ivanka Spassova, and Stoyan Gutzov. "Spectral and Texture Properties of Hydrophobic Aerogel Powders Obtained from Room Temperature Drying." Molecules 26, no. 6 (2021): 1796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26061796.

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Attenuated Total Reflectance Infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and texture measurements based on nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms are combined to characterize silica aerogel granules with different degrees of hydrophobicity. The aerogels were prepared from tetraethoxysilane via a room temperature hydrolysis-gelation process, solvent exchange, hydrophobization, and drying at subcritical conditions. The dependencies between the texture properties, pore architectures, surface fractal dimensions, and degree of hydrophobicity of the samples are extracted from the ATR-IR spectra and the adsorpt
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10

Liu, Jian Peng, Xiao Jun Zhang, Hong Xi Zhu, and Cheng Ji Deng. "Study on the Pore Structure of Forsterite Insulating Material." Key Engineering Materials 697 (July 2016): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.697.119.

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Forsterite insulating materials were prepared by molten salt method using forsterite powder, pulp waste, NaCl and Na2CO3 as raw material. The pore size distribution and pore structural parameters of the sample were studied by nitrogen adsorption-desorption method. The fractal dimension of pore was obtained based on FHH (Frenkel-Halsey-Hill) equation. The results showed that adsorption-desorption isotherm of the sample was identified as type II due to the long-narrow pore with narrow openings. The pore size and fractal dimension decreased with the temperature increased. The maximum pore size wa
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11

Tang, Patricia, Nora Y. K. Chew, Hak-K. Chan, and Judy A. Raper. "Limitation of Determination of Surface Fractal Dimension Using N2Adsorption Isotherms and Modified Frenkel−Halsey−Hill Theory." Langmuir 19, no. 7 (2003): 2632–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la0263716.

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12

Hatch, Courtney D., Paul R. Tumminello, Megan A. Cassingham, Ann L. Greenaway, Rebecca Meredith, and Matthew J. Christie. "Technical note: Frenkel, Halsey and Hill analysis of water on clay minerals: toward closure between cloud condensation nuclei activity and water adsorption." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 21 (2019): 13581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13581-2019.

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Abstract. Insoluble atmospheric aerosol, such as mineral dust, has been identified as an important contributor to the cloud droplet number concentration and indirect climate effect. However, empirically derived Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) water adsorption parameters remain the largest source of uncertainty in assessing the effect of insoluble aerosol on climate using the FHH activation theory (FHH-AT). Furthermore, previously reported FHH water adsorption parameters for illite and montmorillonite determined from water adsorption measurements below 100 % RH do not satisfactorily agree with values
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13

Dai, Fangyao. "Research On the Fractal Dimensions of the Organic-Rich Shale Pores Via Different Models." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2152, no. 1 (2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2152/1/012020.

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Abstract Fractal dimension can be used to the pore surface characterize. For pore structures in different sizes, the calculation models of fractal theory should be distinguished due to the different principles of the gas adsorption experiments. To further study the adaptability of the fractal model for gas adsorption experimental data, the author collected shale samples of Longmaxi formation from Well JY1, then CO2 and N2 adsorption provided the PSD curves. In addition, the fractal dimensions of micropore and mesopore were calculated by the Jaroniec fractal model and Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH)
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14

Bakaev, V. A., and W. A. Steele. "The Characteristic Curve in Physical Adsorption." Adsorption Science & Technology 10, no. 1-4 (1993): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263617499010001-411.

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The concept of the characteristic curve in physical adsorption and the rule of its temperature invariance is traced from the potential theory of adsorption by Polanyi to the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill equation, the theory of volume filling of micropores by Dubinin et al. and the theory of adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. A computer simulation of an irregular atomic configuration at the surface of amorphous carbon is presented. In the submonolayer region, the isotherms of argon adsorption simulated on that surface are shown to correspond to the Freundlich equation and are close to the experimenta
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15

Sklepova, Sofiia Victoriia, Nataliia Ivanichok, Pavlo Kolkovskyi, et al. "Porous Structure and Fractal Dimensions of Activated Carbon Prepared from Waste Coffee Grounds." Materials 16, no. 18 (2023): 6127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16186127.

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The present work reports the results of a systematic study on the evolution of the morphological properties of porous carbons derived from coffee waste using a one-pot potassium-hydroxide-assisted process at temperatures in the range of 400–900 °C. Raw materials and obtained carbons were studied by TG, DTG, SEM and nitrogen adsorption porosimetry. The decomposition temperature ranges for hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin as the main component of the feedstock have been established. It is shown that the proposed method for the thermochemical treatment of coffee waste makes it possible to obta
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16

Chen, Lanxiadi, Chao Peng, Wenjun Gu, et al. "On mineral dust aerosol hygroscopicity." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 21 (2020): 13611–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-13611-2020.

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Abstract. Despite its importance, hygroscopicity of mineral dust aerosol remains highly uncertain. In this work, we investigated water adsorption and hygroscopicity of different mineral dust samples at 25 ∘C, via measurement of sample mass at different relative humidity (RH, up to 90 %) using a vapor sorption analyzer. Mineral dust samples examined (21 in total) included seven authentic mineral dust samples from different regions in the world and 14 major minerals contained in mineral dust aerosol. At 90 % RH, the mass ratios of adsorbed water to the dry mineral ranged from 0.0011 to 0.3080, l
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17

Feng, Yan Yan, Wen Yang, Tao Lin, and Wei Chu. "Textural and Fractal Characteristics of KOH-Activated Microporous Carbon Materials and their Carbon Dioxide Storage Performances." Advanced Materials Research 1118 (July 2015): 255–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1118.255.

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Commercial activated carbon has been activated with KOH in order to investigate the effect of textural characteristics on CO2storage behaviors. The KOH activation has significantly enhanced the textural properties of the adsorbents, as compared to the pristine sample. CO2adsorption tests on the activated carbons were measured at 298 K and pressures up to 5.0 MPa, and the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm was used to fit the adsorption data. The CO2uptake for the resulting adsorbents was significantly higher than that of the starting adsorbent in the studied pressure range. To better understand the st
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18

Fan, Jiafeng, Feng Cai, and Qian Zhang. "Influence of Mixed Acids on Coal Fractal Characteristics and Permeability." Fractal and Fractional 9, no. 6 (2025): 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract9060386.

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The acidification modification treatment of coal is a key technical means to improve the permeability of coal seams and enhance the efficiency of coalbed methane extraction. Yet, current acidic fracturing fluids are highly corrosive, corroding downhole pipelines and contaminating groundwater. By compounding environmentally friendly and non-polluting acidic fracturing fluids and combining fractal theory and the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) model, this paper systematically investigates their effects on the pore structure, permeability, and mechanical properties of coal bodies. It was found that the
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19

Feng, Kunpeng, Gaofeng Liu, Zhen Zhang, et al. "Fractal Strategy for Improving Characterization of N2 Adsorption–Desorption in Mesopores." Fractal and Fractional 8, no. 11 (2024): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8110617.

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The current studies primarily analyze the heterogeneity and complexity of mesopore structures based on low-temperature nitrogen (N2) adsorption curves and the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) fractal model. However, these studies ignore the fact that the low-temperature N2 desorption curve can also reflect the desorption performance of the mesopore structure. In this research, novel fractal indicators for characterizing the adsorption–desorption performance of mesopores based on the fractal dimension from the N2 adsorption curves and N2 desorption curves are proposed. The novel fractal indicators I1
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20

Kumar, P., I. N. Sokolik, and A. Nenes. "Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei activity and droplet activation kinetics of fresh unprocessed regional dust samples and minerals." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 7 (2011): 3527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-3527-2011.

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Abstract. This study reports laboratory measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and droplet activation kinetics of aerosols dry generated from clays, calcite, quartz, and desert soil samples from Northern Africa, East Asia/China, and Northern America. Based on the observed dependence of critical supersaturation, sc, with particle dry diameter, Ddry, we found that FHH (Frenkel, Halsey and Hill) adsorption activation theory is a far more suitable framework for describing fresh dust CCN activity than Köhler theory. One set of FHH parameters (AFHH ∼ 2.25 ± 0.75, BFHH ∼ 1.20 ± 0.10
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21

AMOKO, Justinah, Babatunde OJO, Ayotunde BABATOLU, Abidemi DEMEHIN, and Isaiah Oke. "Linear and Non-Linear of 2-Parameters Adsorption Equilibrium Isotherm Models of Synthetic Arsenic Wastewaters." Fundamental and Applied Agriculture 8, no. 4 (2023): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/faa.143385.

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Contamination of groundwater and surface water with arsenic (Asic) has become emerging health and environmental problem around the world. This problem has received significant attention amongst scientists for the development of new adsorbents to remediate Asic -contaminated water. The ability of the immobilized powdered eggshell (Poes), as adsorbent, to remove Asic was studied under batch conditions. Equilibrium data were analysed using non-linear and linearized two-parameter adsorption isotherms models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Elovich, Flory–Huggins, Temkin, Frenkel- Hasley- Hill; Langmuir- Vag
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22

Li, Xiaohong, Zhiyong Gao, Siyi Fang, Chao Ren, Kun Yang, and Fuyong Wang. "Fractal Characterization of Nanopore Structure in Shale, Tight Sandstone and Mudstone from the Ordos Basin of China Using Nitrogen Adsorption." Energies 12, no. 4 (2019): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040583.

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The characteristics of the nanopore structure in shale, tight sandstone and mudstone from the Ordos Basin of China were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, porosity and permeability tests and low-pressure nitrogen adsorption experiments. Fractal dimensions D1 and D2 were determined from the low relative pressure range (0 < P/P0 < 0.4) and the high relative pressure range (0.4 < P/P0 < 1) of nitrogen adsorption data, respectively, using the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) model. Relationships between pore structure parameters, mineral compositions and fractal dimensions were
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23

CHEN, LEI, ZHENXUE JIANG, KEYU LIU, WEI YANG, SHU JIANG, and JINGQIANG TAN. "INVESTIGATION OF FRACTAL CHARACTERISTICS AND METHANE ADSORPTION CAPACITY OF THE UPPER TRIASSIC LACUSTRINE SHALE IN THE SICHUAN BASIN, SOUTHWEST CHINA." Fractals 27, no. 01 (2019): 1940011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x19400115.

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To better understand the nanopore characteristics and their effects on methane adsorption capacity of shales, we performed fractal analysis of nine shale samples collected from the fifth member of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Sichuan Basin, southwest China. [Formula: see text] adsorption results show that shales have different adsorption characteristics at relative pressure of 0–0.5 and 0.5–1. Two fractal dimensions [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were calculated using the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) equation. Results show that the methane adsorption capacity increases wit
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24

Li, Zhuo, Ling Tang, Zhenxue Jiang, et al. "Fractal characteristics of nanopores in lacustrine shales of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, NW China." Open Geosciences 11, no. 1 (2019): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2019-0016.

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Abstract To further understand fractal characteristics of nanopores in lacustrine shales, core samples from Chang-7 and Chang-9 members of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, southern Ordos Basin were investigated. Total organic carbon content, vitrinite reflectance, X-ray diffraction, field emission-scanning electron microscopy and low pressure N2 physisorption (LPNP) experiments were performed. The Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) method was applied to characterize the fractal dimensions using LPNP isotherms. Two fractal dimensions (D1 and D2) were determined at relative pressures of 0-0.45 and 0.45-1
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25

Zhang, Lulu, Sufeng Zhang, Jinfan Yang, Congcong Chi, and Qingyi Wang. "Pore surface fractal characterization in waste cotton-derived carbon materials and the effect of pyrolysis conditions on the level of sulfonation." BioResources 14, no. 3 (2019): 6633–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.3.6633-6644.

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Waste cotton-derived carbon materials were synthesized using various chemical activators, and their performance as solid acid catalyst supports was studied. The pore surface structures of the carbon materials were quantitatively characterized by surface fractal dimension, and the relationship between pore surface structure and the density of catalyst was also investigated. The pore sizes were grouped into four ranges, including fractal dimensions D1 (0.32 nm to 2.0 nm) and D2 (2.0 nm to 50 nm), as revealed by N2 adsorption and Frenkel-Halsey-Hill fractal theory. In addition, D3 (50 nm to1000 n
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26

Xu, Yong, Xuexi Chen, Wei Zhao, and Peng Chen. "Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Water Adsorption and Diffusion in Coals with Inorganic Minerals." Energies 15, no. 12 (2022): 4321. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15124321.

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The study on the adsorption and micropore filling of water vapor in coal is significant for predicting coalbed methane content in coal seams. The primary purpose of this study is to explain the effects of coal pore structure and its surface chemistry on water vapor monolayer adsorption, micropore filling, and diffusion coefficient. First, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) analyzed inorganic mineral components of two kinds of coal samples and pore fissures structures. Then, we divide pores and fissures according to the theory of fractal dimensions. Furthermore, we
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27

Wang, Yang, Baoyuan Zhong, Yunsheng Zhang, Yanming Zhu, and Meng Wang. "Analysis of Nanostructures and Wettability of Marine Shale in Southern China, Based on Different Fractal Models." Fractal and Fractional 9, no. 1 (2024): 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract9010012.

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The wetting behavior of shale oil and gas on shale surfaces is determined by the interplay of organic matter (OM), mineral composition, and the intricate pore network structure of the shale. In this paper, the sensitivity responses of the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH), Neimark (NM), and Wang–Li (WL) fractal models to marine shale with varying material components are analyzed, based on liquid nitrogen adsorption experiments and fractal theory. The wettability evolution model of shale with different maturity stages is established to reveal the heterogeneity characteristics of wettability in shale wi
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28

Laaksonen, Ari. "Cloud drop activation of insoluble aerosols aided by film-forming surfactants." Aerosol Research 2, no. 2 (2024): 343–51. https://doi.org/10.5194/ar-2-343-2024.

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Abstract. Cloud droplet activation of insoluble aerosols covered by insoluble surfactant films has been studied theoretically by combining the FHH (Frenkel–Halsey–Hill) activation theory and an equation of state suitable for surfactant films that are in an expanded state. The key parameters governing the ability of the surfactant to suppress critical supersaturations are its partial molecular area at the water surface and the size of the molecule. For a fixed size, molecules with a larger molecular area are more efficient, whereas with a fixed area-to-volume ratio smaller molecules are more ef
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29

Adkins, B. D., P. J. Reucroft, and B. H. Davis. "The FHH Multilayer Expression: Effects of Particle Size." Adsorption Science & Technology 3, no. 3 (1986): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361748600300302.

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Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) plots are presented using the adsorption data from eleven silicas with surface areas between 40 and 1200 m2 g−1. These materials consist of regular nonporous primary particles which have been approximated as monomodal size distributions of spheres. Two models (semi-infinite slab and spherical particle) were used to make the FHH plots. The results from these plots indicate that the FHH coefficient and exponent vary with particle size. A model is proposed for a particle having a featureless Lennard-Jones surface which predicts (a) that the actual variation is in the coe
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30

Zhang, Jingshuo, Xiaoming Ni, Xiaolei Liu, and Erlei Su. "Influences of Different Acid Solutions on Pore Structures and Fractal Features of Coal." Fractal and Fractional 8, no. 2 (2024): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8020082.

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The effect of different acids on the pore structure and fractal characteristics of micropores and mesopores was determined with the help of low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, and the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) model by using Yuwu coal as a sample and placing it in acidic environments, such as HF, HCl, HNO3, and CH3COOH. The results show that the acidization effects of HF and CH3COOH are separately dominated by the micropore and mesopore formation effects, while HCl and HNO3 mainly play their roles in expanding mesopores. After acidization, the surface fractal dimensi
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31

Cui, Jiaqing, Xiaohong Niu, Guorui Feng, Yanna Han, and Zhu Li. "Effect of Division Methods of the Adsorption Isotherm on the Fractal Dimension of Clay Minerals Calculated Based on the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill Model." Energy & Fuels 35, no. 10 (2021): 8786–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.1c00876.

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32

Huang, Cheng, Yiwen Ju, Hongjian Zhu, et al. "Nano-Scale Pore Structure and Fractal Dimension of Longmaxi Shale in the Upper Yangtze Region, South China: A Case Study of the Laifeng–Xianfeng Block Using HIM and N2 Adsorption." Minerals 9, no. 6 (2019): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9060356.

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This paper tries to determine the key evaluation parameters of shale reservoirs in the complex tectonic provinces outside the Sichuan Basin in South China, and also to target the sweet spots of shale reservoirs accurately. The pore-structure characteristics of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi shale gas reservoirs in Well LD1 of the Laifeng–Xianfeng Block, Upper Yangtze region, were evaluated. N2 adsorption and helium ion microscope (HIM) were used to investigate the pore features including pore volume, pore surface area, and pore size distribution. The calculated results show good hydrocarbon stora
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33

Gohil, Kanishk, Chun-Ning Mao, Dewansh Rastogi, Chao Peng, Mingjin Tang, and Akua Asa-Awuku. "Hybrid water adsorption and solubility partitioning for aerosol hygroscopicity and droplet growth." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 19 (2022): 12769–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-12769-2022.

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Abstract. In this work, we studied the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity and subsaturated droplet growth of phthalic acid (PTA), isophthalic acid, (IPTA) and terephthalic acid (TPTA), significant benzene polycarboxylic acids and structural isomers found in the atmosphere. Köhler theory (KT) can be effectively applied for hygroscopicity analysis of PTA due to its higher aqueous solubility compared to IPTA and TPTA. As with other hygroscopicity studies of partially water-soluble and effectively water-insoluble species, the supersaturated and subsaturated hygroscopicity derived from KT pri
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34

Sokołowska, Z., G. Bowanko, P. Boguta, J. Tys, and K. Skiba. "Characteristics of rapeseed oil cake using nitrogen adsorption." International Agrophysics 27, no. 3 (2013): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/intag-2013-0002.

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Abstract Adsorption of nitrogen on the rapeseed oil cake and rapeseed oil cake with wheat meal extrudates was investigated. The results are presented as adsorption-desorption isotherms. The Brunauer-Emmet and Teller equation was used to analyse the experimental sorption data. To obtain estimates of the surface area and surface fractal dimension, the sorption isotherms were analyzed using the Brunauer-Emmet and Teller and Frenkel-Halsey-Hill equations. Mesopore analysis was carried out using the Dollimore and Heal method. The properties and surface characteristic of rapeseed oil cake extrudates
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35

Liu, Tang, and Xi. "Total Organic Carbon Enrichment and Its Impact on Pore Characteristics: A Case Study from the Niutitang Formation Shales in Northern Guizhou." Energies 12, no. 8 (2019): 1480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12081480.

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This study analyzes samples from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in northern Guizhou Province to enable a better understanding of total organic carbon (TOC) enrichment and its impact on the pore characteristics of over-mature marine shale. Organic geochemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, helium porosity, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments were conducted on shale samples. Their original TOC (TOCo) content and organic porosity were estimated by theoretical calculation, and fractal dimension D was computed with the fractal Frenkel–Halsey–Hill
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WANG, YANG, CAIFANG WU, YANMING ZHU, SHANGBIN CHEN, SHIMIN LIU, and RUI ZHANG. "MORPHOLOGY AND FRACTAL CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTISCALE PORE STRUCTURES FOR ORGANIC-RICH LACUSTRINE SHALE RESERVOIRS." Fractals 26, no. 02 (2018): 1840013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x18400133.

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Lacustrine shale gas has received considerable attention and has been playing an important role in unconventional natural gas production in China. In this study, multiple techniques, including total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), helium pycnometry and low-pressure [Formula: see text] adsorption have been applied to characterize the pore structure of lacustrine shale of Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation from the Ordos Basin. The results show that organic matter (OM) pores are the most important type dominati
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37

Gu, Yang, Wenlong Ding, Min Yin, et al. "Nanoscale pore characteristics and fractal characteristics of organic-rich shale: An example from the lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation in the Fenggang block in northern Guizhou Province, South China." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 37, no. 1 (2018): 273–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598718790320.

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Organic-rich marine shale in South China has great potential for gas generation, and the pore structure has a considerable influence on the enrichment of shale gas. The nanoscale pore characteristics and fractal characteristics of the Niutitang shales in the Fenggang block were studied by means of methane adsorption and low-pressure nitrogen adsorption experiments, porosity and permeability tests, X-ray diffraction analyses, organic geochemical analyses, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The fractal geometry of the pore structure was assessed, and the factors influencing the por
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38

Cai, Feng, Qian Zhang, and Lingling Yang. "Fractal Characteristics and Microstructure of Coal with Impact of Starch-Polymerized Aluminum Sulfate Fracturing Fluids." Fractal and Fractional 8, no. 4 (2024): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract8040228.

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The degree of irregularity and complexity of the pore structure are comprehensively reflected in the fractal dimension. The porosity of coal was determined by its fractal dimension, where a larger dimension indicates a lower porosity. Fractal theory and the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) model were applied to explore the variation rules of concentration on functional groups and pore structure in this study. Combined with infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, a starch-polymerized aluminum sulfate composite fracturing fluid was prepared, which plays an important role i
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39

Kumar, P., I. N. Sokolik, and A. Nenes. "Parameterization of cloud droplet formation for global and regional models: including adsorption activation from insoluble CCN." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 7 (2009): 2517–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2517-2009.

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Abstract. Dust and black carbon aerosol have long been known to exert potentially important and diverse impacts on cloud droplet formation. Most studies to date focus on the soluble fraction of these particles, and overlook interactions of the insoluble fraction with water vapor (even if known to be hydrophilic). To address this gap, we developed a new parameterization that considers cloud droplet formation within an ascending air parcel containing insoluble (but wettable) particles externally mixed with aerosol containing an appreciable soluble fraction. Activation of particles with a soluble
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Wang, Rui, Guoqing Li, and Shanshan Liu. "Experimental Investigation of the Matrix Pore Size Distribution and Inner Surface Fractal Dimension of Different-Structure High Rank Coals." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 1 (2021): 529–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18516.

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To investigate the nanopore characteristics of different-structure high-rank coal matrices, four samples were collected from the Zhaozhuang Mine, a typical mine highly prone to coal and gas outbursts in Shanxi Province, China, and the nanopore size distribution was measured using a lowtemperature nitrogen adsorption method for these four samples. Based on the nitrogen adsorption isotherms, the inner surface fractal dimensions of micropores, meso- and macropores, and full-scale matrix pores were estimated using a Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FFH) fractal model, and the relationships between the fractal
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Li, Qi, Yong Wu, and Lei Qiao. "Comprehensive Characterization and Metamorphic Control Analysis of Full Apertures in Different Coal Ranks within Deep Coal Seams." Applied Sciences 14, no. 18 (2024): 8566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14188566.

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The pore fracture structure of deep coal reservoirs is crucial for evaluating the potential of deep coalbed methane resources, conducting exploration and development, and controlling coal mine gas disasters. Mercury intrusion porosimetry, the liquid nitrogen method, and the low-temperature carbon dioxide adsorption method were used to study the full pore size structure and pore fractal characteristics of different coal grades in deep coal and comprehensively characterize the pore structure of kilometer-level coal mining. The sponge, Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH), and density function models were a
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Ji, Changjun, Tianfu Liu, Yun Chen, et al. "Nanoscale pore structure and fractal characteristics of lacustrine shale: A case study of the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou shales, Southern Songliao Basin, China." PLOS ONE 19, no. 10 (2024): e0309346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309346.

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The Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation’s lacustrine shales in the Songliao Basin are among China’s most promising shale oil reservoirs. To elucidate their pore and fractal characteristics, a comprehensive set of analyses encompassing total organic carbon (TOC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and low-temperature N2 adsorption (LTNA), Rock-Eval pyrolysis experiments and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) were conducted. Using the Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) method, fractal dimensions (D) were calculated, and their relationship with pore metrics and shale compositions were explored.
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Wang, Wendi, Zhen Liu, Mingrui Zhang, and He Yang. "Experimental Study on Fractal Characteristics of Adsorption Pore Structure of Coal." Processes 11, no. 1 (2022): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010078.

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The adsorption pore structure is the key affecting the technology of enhanced coal bed methane recovery (ECBM). In this paper, nitrogen adsorption measurement (NAM) and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods are used to test the structural parameters of adsorption pores of four coal samples with different metamorphic degrees. Combining with the fractal theory, the applicability and the physical significance of fractal dimensions obtained from different models are analyzed. Finally, the main factors affecting the complexity of the pore size structure and the influence of fractal cha
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Qian, Qin, Mingjing Lu, Anhai Zhong, Feng Yang, Wenjun He, and Lei Li. "Micro-Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics of Shale Reservoir in Jiyang Depression." Processes 13, no. 6 (2025): 1704. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13061704.

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In order to better understand the micropore structure of shale reservoir in Jiyang Depression, permeability damage test, low temperature nitrogen adsorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out on six cores in the target block. The adsorption isotherms were analyzed by Frenkel–Halsey–Hill (FHH) model, and the fractal dimensions of different layers were calculated. The results show that the shale pore system is mainly composed of organic nanopores, inorganic nanopores and micro-fractures. The inorganic pores are mainly distributed around or inside the mineral particles, while
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45

Tursiloadi, Silvester. "TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINATION OF SURFACE FRACTAL DIMENSION AND MORPHOLOGY OF MESOPOROUS TITANIA USING DYNAMIC FLOW ADSORPTION AND ITS CHARACTERIZATION." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2010): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21558.

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A technique to determine the surface fractal dimension of mesoporous TiO­2 using a dynamic flow adsorption instrument is described. Fractal dimension is an additional technique to characterize surface morphology. Surface fractal dimension, a quantitative measurement of surface ruggedness, can be determined by adsorbing a homologous series of adsorbates onto an adsorbent sample of mesoporous TiO­2. Titania wet gel prepared by hydrolysis of Ti-alkoxide was immersed in the flow of supercritical CO2 at 60 °C and the solvent was extracted. Mesoporous TiO­2 consists of anatase nano-particles, about
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46

Wang, Shengwei, Xijian Li, Haiteng Xue, Zhonghui Shen, and Liuyu Chen. "Fractal characteristics of shale pore structure and its influence on seepage flow." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 5 (2021): 202271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.202271.

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The migration law of shale gas has a significant influence on the seepage characteristics of shale, and the flow of the gas is closely related to the pore structure. To explore the influence of shale pore parameters on permeability in different diffusion zones, the pore structure of the shale in the Niutitang Formation in Guizhou, China, was analysed based on liquid nitrogen adsorption experiments and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The relationship among fractal dimension, organic carbon content (TOC) and BET-specific surface area was analysed based on the fractal dimension of shale p
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47

Garimella, S., Y. w. Huang, J. S. Seewald, and D. J. Cziczo. "Cloud condensation nucleus activity comparison of dry- and wet-generated mineral dust aerosol: the significance of soluble material." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 11 (2013): 31041–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-31041-2013.

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Abstract. This study examines the interaction of clay mineral particles and water vapor to determine the conditions required for cloud droplet formation. Droplet formation conditions are investigated for three clay minerals: illite, sodium-rich montmorillonite, and Arizona Test Dust. Using wet and dry particle generation coupled to a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) and cloud condensation nuclei counter, the critical activation of the clay mineral particles as cloud condensation nuclei is characterized. Electron microscopy (EM) is used to determine non-sphericity in particle shape. EM is a
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48

Kumar, P., I. N. Sokolik, and A. Nenes. "Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei activity and droplet activation kinetics of wet processed regional dust samples and minerals." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 4 (2011): 12561–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-12561-2011.

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Abstract. This study reports laboratory measurements of particle size distributions, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity, and droplet activation kinetics of wet generated aerosols from clays, calcite, quartz, and desert soil samples from Northern Africa, East Asia/China, and Northern America. The dependence of critical supersaturation, sc, on particle dry diameter, Ddry, is used to characterize particle-water interactions and assess the ability of Frenkel-Halsey-Hill adsorption activation theory (FHH-AT) and Köhler theory (KT) to describe the CCN activity of the considered samples. Region
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Huang, Yuqi, Peng Zhang, Jinchuan Zhang, Xuan Tang, Chengwei Liu, and Junwei Yang. "Fractal Characteristics of Pores in the Longtan Shales of Guizhou, Southwest China." Geofluids 2020 (November 21, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8834758.

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The pore structure of marine-continental transitional shales from the Longtan Formation in Guizhou, China, was investigated using fractal dimensions calculated by the FHH (Frenkel-Halsey-Hill) model based on low-temperature N2 adsorption data. Results show that the overall D 1 (fractal dimension under low relative pressure, P / P 0 ≤ 0.5 ) and D 2 (fractal dimension under high relative pressure, P / P 0 > 0.5 ) values of Longtan shales were relatively large, with average values of 2.7426 and 2.7838, respectively, indicating a strong adsorption and storage capacity and complex pore structure
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50

Liu, Liang, Wuling Mo, Min Wang, et al. "Fractal Characteristics of the Middle-Upper Ordovician Marine Shale Nano-Scale Porous Structure from the Ordos Basin, Northeast China." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 1 (2021): 274–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18885.

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The fractal characteristics of marine shale from the Middle-Upper Ordovician Wulalike Formation (O2w) in the southwest margin of the Ordos Basin are studied. Based on low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments, the FHH (Frenkel-Halsey-Hill) model was employed to investigate the relationship between the marine shale composition, such as TOC, mineral content and shale gas content, and pore structure parameters, such as BET specific surface area, average pore diameter, porosity and fractal dimension. The results show that the pore size distribution curve of shale slowly decreased after the p
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