Books: 'Frequency response characteristics'

1

Billings, S. A. A Bound for the magnitude characteristics of nonlinear output frequency response functions. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, Dept. of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, 1995.

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2

Reddy, C. J. Frequency response calculations of input characteristics of cavity-backed aperture antennas using AWE with hybrid FEM/MoM technique. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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3

Billings, S. A. A Bound for the magnitude characteristis of nonlinear output frequency response functions =: S.A. Billings and Zi-Qiang Lang. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, Dept. of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, 1995.

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4

Center, Ames Research, and United States. Army Aviation Research and Technology Activity., eds. Frequency-response identification of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft dynamics. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1987.

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5

Center, Ames Research, and United States. Army Aviation Research and Technology Activity., eds. Frequency-response identification of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft dynamics. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1987.

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6

Center, Ames Research, and United States. Army Aviation Research and Technology Activity., eds. Frequency-response identification of XV-15 tilt-rotor aircraft dynamics. Moffett Field, Calif: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Ames Research Center, 1987.

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7

Frequency response calculations of input characteristics of cavity-backed aperture antennas using AWE with hybrid FEM/MoM technique: Under cooperative agreement NCC1-231. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1997.

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8

McDowell, G. W. A., and W. W. C. Hung. Measurement of the Frequency Response Characteristics of Typical Distribution Transformers and Their Influence in Mains Signalling. ERA Technology Ltd, 1987.

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9

Center, Langley Research, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Application of model based parameter estimation for fast frequency response calculations of input characteristics of cavity-backed aperture antennas using hybrid FEM/MoM technique. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1998.

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10

Appropriate electrode sites and electrical characteristics for TENS. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199673278.003.0004.

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The success of TENS treatment depends on the use of safe and appropriate TENS technique. Uncertainty about optimal TENS technique is due in part to the variety of possible electrode positions and electrical characteristics that can be chosen for treatment. Conventional TENS uses low-intensity, high-frequency currents to activate low-threshold afferent nerve fibres in the skin. AL-TENS uses high-intensity, low-frequency currents to generate non-painful phasic muscle contractions (twitching). The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the principles that underpin the use of safe and appropriate electrode sites and electrical characteristics during TENS. The chapter covers how to choose between conventional and AL-TENS, the appropriate electrode positioning for conventional TENS and AL-TENS including instances where AL-TENS may be more beneficial than conventional TENS, appropriate choice of electrical characteristics for stimulation, and biological, psychological, and social factors influencing response to TENS

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11

Davey, Kent. Magnetic field stimulation: the brain as a conductor. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0005.

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For the purposes of magnetic stimulation, the brain can be treated as a homogeneous conductor. A properly designed brain stimulation system starts with the target stimulation depth, and it should incorporate the neural strength–duration response characteristics. Higher-frequency pulses require stronger electric fields. The background of this article is the theoretical base determining, where in the brain TMS induces electrical activity, and whether this shifts as a function of differences in the conductivity and organization of gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. The use of strong electric fields to treat many neurological disorders is well established. Both in the treatment of incontinence and clinical depression, the electric field should be sufficiently strong to initiate an action potential. The frequency, system voltage, capacitance, core stimulator size, and number of turns are treated as unknowns in a TMS stimulation design. This article presents the possible topological changes to be considered in the future.

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12

Hari, Riitta. Magnetoencephalography. Edited by Donald L. Schomer and Fernando H. Lopes da Silva. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228484.003.0035.

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This chapter introduces magnetoencephalography (MEG), a tool to study brain dynamics in basic and clinical neuroscience. MEG picks up brain signals with millisecond resolution, as does electroencephalography, but without distortion by skull and scalp. The chapter describes current instrumentation based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). It delineates basic characteristics of measured signals: (1) brain rhythms and their reactivity during sensory processing and various tasks and (2) evoked responses elicited by sensory stimuli, and the dependence of these responses on various stimulus characteristics. Signals are described from healthy and diseased brains. The chapter presents studies of the brain basis of cognition and social interaction studied in dual-MEG setups and describes how MEG applications can be broadened by innovative setups, including frequency tagging. Progress in the field is predicted regarding sensor technology, data analysis, and multimodal brain imaging, all of which could strengthen MEG’s role in the study of brain dynamics.

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13

Myers, Lorna, and John J. Barry. Diagnostic Challenges for the Mental Health Team and Psychiatrist. Edited by Barbara A. Dworetzky and Gaston C. Baslet. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265045.003.0008.

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Establishing a positive therapeutic alliance during the initial psychiatric interview allows the clinician to collect the necessary diagnostic information and can have a significant impact on a patient’s decision to follow up with treatment recommendations once the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) is determined. When evaluating a patient with suspected PNES in an out- or inpatient setting, there are a variety of clinician behaviors that can support or obstruct the establishment of a positive therapeutic alliance. Similarly, a number of typical patient characteristics in PNES can affect the psychiatric assessment. In this chapter, these characteristics and behaviors are discussed, a clinician checklist is provided, and dialogue boxes illustrate a few common patient–clinician interactions, hypothetical challenges, and clinician responses. Distinctive challenges, including interaction with specific PNES subtypes (i.e., developmentally delayed, malingering, or hostile patients) and patients who are effectively incapacitated by high event frequency and systemic barriers, are presented.

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14

Zimmerman, Michael J., ed. Moral Responsibility and Quality of Will. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779667.003.0012.

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It is frequently claimed that moral responsibility is a function of quality of will. This chapter investigates whether and, if so, how this is the case. First, it is noted that the term “quality of will” may be too narrow to fully capture the kinds of mental characteristics, both epistemic and non-epistemic, that are relevant to a person’s being morally responsible for something. Then the questions are raised just which kinds of mental characteristics are relevant and how they should be said to be relevant. In response to these questions, an account is given of the concepts of praise and blame and of the worthiness of praise and blame, on the basis of which it is suggested that (a) there are different kinds of praise and blame, (b) there are correspondingly different kinds of praiseworthiness and blameworthiness, and (c) there are accordingly different kinds of moral responsibility.

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15

Sandler, Todd. Terrorism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190845841.001.0001.

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The causes and consequences of terrorism are matters of considerable debate and great interest. Spectacular events are recognized by their dates, including the 9/11 attacks in New York and Washington and the 7/7 London bombings. Many other attacks, including those in non-Western countries, receive far less attention even though they may be more frequent and cumulatively cause more casualties. In Terrorism: What Everyone Needs to KnowRG, leading economist Todd Sandler provides a broad overview of a persistently topical topic. The general issues he examines include what terrorism is, its causes, the roles of terrorist groups, how governments seek to counter terrorism, its economic consequences, and the future of terrorism. He focuses on the modern era and how specific motivations, ranging from nationalism/separatism to left- or right-wing extremism or religious ideals, and general conditions, such as poverty and inequality or whether a country is democratic or authoritarian, affect the frequency and costs of terrorism. The diversity of terrorist groups and type of attacks can be overwhelming, and Sandler provides a unifying framework to generate insight: strategic interaction. That is, like other organizations, terrorist groups organize to pursue goals and respond in an optimal fashion to a risky environment that can influence the group's size, its diversity of attacks, its regional location, its host country's characteristics, and the group's ideology. Terrorists also responded to enhanced security measures by altering their tactics, targets, and location. As such, they are formidable opponents to their stronger government adversaries. Governments, in turn, pursue various costly strategies to prevent terrorism, including passive barriers and active attacks against terrorists, their resources, and those who support them. Terrorism covers numerous questions on the subject and sheds lights on a wide-range of theoretical and empirical research.

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16

Vilanova, Mercedes. Case Study: Oral History and Democracy: Lessons from Illiterates. Edited by Donald A. Ritchie. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195339550.013.0005.

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This article focuses on case studies in oral history with the backdrop of democracy and lessons learnt form illiterates. The “discovery” of illiteracy and its defining characteristics should be a main focus of oral history. The difficulties in reaching illiterates, the communication problems, and their frequent silences, especially in societies that have suffered civil wars and harsh political repression, challenge historians. The experience of interviewing them allows us to measure the degree to which the historian is anchored in the literate culture and complicit in the power of writing. This case study presents some results, a comparison between the samples, and the theoretical challenges about the role of democracy and illiteracy in situations of social and political upheaval. The research centers on proving that illiterates are not disruptive and that they show a moderate response. As a conclusion, future research is presented in the form of four conjectures which winds up this article.

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17

Pipitone, Nicolò, Annibale Versari, and Carlo Salvarani. Large-vessel vasculitis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0133.

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Large-vessel vasculitis includes giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu's arteritis (TAK). GCA affects patients aged over 50, mainly of white European ethnicity. GCA occurs together with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) more frequently than expected by chance. In both conditions, females are affected two to three times more often than males. GCA mainly involves large- and medium-sized arteries, particularly the branches of the proximal aorta including the temporal arteries. Vasculitic involvement results in the typical manifestations of GCA including temporal headache, jaw claudication, and visual loss. A systemic inflammatory response and a marked response to glucocorticoids is characteristic of GCA. GCA usually remits within 6 months to 2 years from disease onset. However, some patients have a chronic-relapsing course and may require long-standing treatment. Mortality is not increased, but there is significant morbidity mainly related to chronic glucocorticoid use and cranial ischaemic events, especially visual loss. The diagnosis of GCA rests on the characteristic clinical features and raised inflammatory markers, but temporal artery biopsy remains the gold standard to support the clinical suspicion. Imaging techniques are also used to demonstrate large-vessel involvement in GCA. Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of treatment for GCA, but other therapeutic approaches have been proposed and novel ones are being developed. TAK mainly involves the aorta and its main branches. Women are particularly affected with a female:male ratio of 9:1. In most patients, age of onset is between 20 and 30 years. Early manifestations of TAK are non-specific and include constitutional and musculoskeletal symptoms. Later on, vascular complications become manifest. Most patients develop vessel stenoses, particularly in the branches of the aortic artery, leading to manifestations of vascular hypoperfusion. Aneurysms occur in a minority of cases. There are no specific laboratory tests to diagnose TAK, although most patients have raised inflammatory markers, therefore, imaging techniques are required to secure the diagnosis. Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of treatment of TAK. However, many patients have an insufficient response to glucocorticoids alone, or relapse when they are tapered or discontinued. Immunosuppressive agents and, in refractory cases, biological drugs can often attain disease control and prevent vascular complications. Revascularization procedures are required in patients with severe established stenoses or occlusions.

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18

Pipitone, Nicolò, Annibale Versari, and Carlo Salvarani. Large-vessel vasculitis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0133_update_003.

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Large-vessel vasculitis includes giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu’s arteritis (TAK). GCA affects patients aged over 50, mainly of white European ethnicity. GCA occurs together with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) more frequently than expected by chance. In both conditions, females are affected two to three times more often than males. GCA mainly involves large- and medium-sized arteries, particularly the branches of the proximal aorta including the temporal arteries. Vasculitic involvement results in the typical manifestations of GCA including temporal headache, jaw claudication, and visual loss. A systemic inflammatory response and a marked response to glucocorticoids is characteristic of GCA. GCA usually remits within 6 months to 2 years from disease onset. However, some patients have a chronic-relapsing course and may require longstanding treatment. Mortality is not increased, but there is significant morbidity mainly related to chronic glucocorticoid use and cranial ischaemic events, especially visual loss. The diagnosis of GCA rests on the characteristic clinical features and raised inflammatory markers, but temporal artery biopsy remains the gold standard to support the clinical suspicion. Imaging techniques are also used to demonstrate large-vessel involvement in GCA. Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of treatment for GCA, but other therapeutic approaches have been proposed and novel ones are being developed. TAK mainly involves the aorta and its main branches. Women are particularly affected with a female:male ratio of 9:1. In most patients, age of onset is between 20 and 30 years. Early manifestations of TAK are non-specific and include constitutional and musculoskeletal symptoms. Later on, vascular complications become manifest. Most patients develop vessel stenoses, particularly in the branches of the aortic artery, leading to manifestations of vascular hypoperfusion. Aneurysms occur in a minority of cases. There are no specific laboratory tests to diagnose TAK, although most patients have raised inflammatory markers, therefore, imaging techniques are required to secure the diagnosis. Glucocorticoids are the mainstay of treatment of TAK. However, many patients have an insufficient response to glucocorticoids alone, or relapse when they are tapered or discontinued. Immunosuppressive agents and, in refractory cases, biological drugs can often attain disease control and prevent vascular complications. Revascularization procedures are required in patients with severe established stenoses or occlusions.

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Books on the topic 'Frequency response characteristics'

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