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1
Okaiyeto, S. A., Ogijo S. I., Y. A. Unguwanrimi, B. J. Jonga, and A. M. Sada. "A Review of Dried Fruits and Vegetables Consumed In Northern Nigeria." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 8, no. 03 (March 14, 2020): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v8i03.ft01.
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Fresh fruits and vegetables are important foods both from economic and nutritional point of view. Fruits and vegetable of all types are valuable part of our diet, however, many vegetables are highly seasonal in nature, they are available in abundance at a particular season and sometimes result in market glut, while at off-season they become very scarce and expensive. Large quantities of these vegetables are lost during or shortly after harvest due to their perishable nature. Drying of vegetables as a means of reducing post-harvest losses and improve storability has been practiced for many centuries. As compared to fresh vegetables which can be kept for few days, dry products can be stored for months or even years without substantial loss of nutrients. This paper reviews some commonly dried fruits and vegetables consumed in northern Nigeria, which includes; Tomato, Okra, Baobab leaves, Sweet potato, Cassava, Moringa, Sorrel and Jute. A comprehensive review of preservation methods, price variation with season, storage and duration of these fruits and vegetables is presented and recommendations are made for further studies.
Fresh fruits and vegetables are important foods both from economic and nutritional point of view. Fruits and vegetable of all types are valuable part of our diet, however, many vegetables are highly seasonal in nature, they are available in abundance at a particular season and sometimes result in market glut, while at off-season they become very scarce and expensive. Large quantities of these vegetables are lost during or shortly after harvest due to their perishable nature. Drying of vegetables as a means of reducing post-harvest losses and improve storability has been practiced for many centuries. As compared to fresh vegetables which can be kept for few days, dry products can be stored for months or even years without substantial loss of nutrients. This paper reviews some commonly dried fruits and vegetables consumed in northern Nigeria, which includes; Tomato, Okra, Baobab leaves, Sweet potato, Cassava, Moringa, Sorrel and Jute. A comprehensive review of preservation methods, price variation with season, storage and duration of these fruits and vegetables is presented and recommendations are made for further studies.
2
Akintayo, OI, and JO Okache. "Consumption of fruits and vegetables in the peri-urban interface: implications for post-harvest systems in Ibadan, Nigeria." Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and the Social Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2015): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/joafss.v11i2.25.
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The consumption of adequate quantities of fruits and vegetables is essential to a healthy life. The growing body of evidence on fruits and vegetable consumption mainly focus on urban areas with very scanty information and data on rural/peri-urban areas. This study was carried out in the peri urban interface of Ibadan. It examined the access of people to fruits and vegetables and the factors which affect their consumption. Through multi-stage sampling technique, two hundred respondents were selected from four peri-urban communities and data were obtained through the use of pre-tested questionnaire and interview schedules. Results revealed that more than ninety-five per cent of respondents are aware of the benefits of consuming fruits and vegetables. Majority of the respondents consumed more of indigenous than exotic fruits and vegetables, preferring fresh to processed fruits. More than seventy per cent of respondents obtained fruits and vegetables from local markets with an expenditure of less than six per cent of their monthly income. Major constraint to consumers’ access to fruits is the seasonality of these items, making them scarce during off seasons.Key words: Peri-urban interface, fruits, vegetables, consumption.
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Fallik, Elazar, and Zoran Ilić. "The Influence of Physical Treatments on Phytochemical Changes in Fresh Produce after Storage and Marketing." Agronomy 11, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 788. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040788.
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More food with high nutritional content will be needed to feed the growing global human population, which is expected to reach 10 billion by 2050. Fruits and vegetables contain most of the minerals, micronutrients, and phytonutrients essential for human nutrition and health. The quantity of these phytochemicals depends on crop genetics, weather and environmental factors, growth conditions, and pre-harvest and post-harvest treatments. These phytochemicals are known to have anti-cancer properties and to regulate immunity, in addition to hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-aging, hypotensive, hypoglycemic, and other pharmacological properties. Physical treatments have been reported to be effective for managing several post-harvest diseases and physiological disorders. These treatments may affect the external, internal, and nutritional qualities of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the information recently reported regarding the use of physical treatments applied either directly or in combination with other means to maximize and maintain the phytochemical content of fresh and fresh-cut or processed fruits and vegetables.
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Panghal, Anil, D. N. Yadav, Bhupender S. Khatkar, Himanshu Sharma, Vikas Kumar, and Navnidhi Chhikara. "Post-harvest malpractices in fresh fruits and vegetables: food safety and health issues in India." Nutrition & Food Science 48, no. 4 (July 9, 2018): 561–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-09-2017-0181.
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Purpose Fruits and vegetables, being good source of energy, health promoting and protecting compounds with unique taste and flavor, are attracting consumers since ages. These horticultural produces start deterioration just after harvest; therefore, their proper storage is must during transportation and storage to retain maximum quality parameters and for good market value. Best storage conditions are required to prevent growth of micro flora and to maintain the nutritional values of harvested produce. Retailers and processors in every corner of world want to move toward the cheaper ways to increase the shelf life and texture of horticultural crops for better consumer preference. The purpose of this paper is to make consumers and researchers aware about different post harvest malpractices in fresh fruits and vegetables. Design/methodology/approach Lot of chemicals like colors, artificial ripening agents, sweeteners and waxes are applied on surface of horticulture produce to siphon off money from consumers, and these have adverse health effects directly or indirectly. Various regulatory agencies have launched various programs, acts and laws for monitoring and avoiding such unhealthy ways. Regulatory bodies launched training programs also for the food handlers and consumers to ensure the food safety from farm to fork. Findings This paper will throw light on different malpractices followed by retailers to manipulate the quality which causes adverse health effects and to create consumer awareness regarding such malpractices. Originality/value The paper emphasizes on current malpractices followed by retailers to mislead the consumers about fruits’ and vegetable’ quality by using sweeteners, colors and other chemical. On prolonged consumption, such substances lead to major health issues such as attention disorder.
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Laichmanová, Monika, and Ivo Sedláček. "Fungal species associated with fruit and vegetables transported to the J.G. Mendel station and the influence of UV-C treatment on their fungal community." Czech Polar Reports 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpr2019-1-7.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the fungal community associated with fruits and vegetables transported into the Antarctic region and observe qualitative changes of their surface mycobiota after UV-C treatment. This measure is used to prevent the post-harvest diseases of stored fruits and vegetables and reduce the risk of introducing non-native species to the Antarctic environment. In total, 82 strains of filamentous fungi were isolated from the surfaces of 64 pieces of fresh fruits and vegetables before and after their UV-C treatment. They were assigned to the genera Penicillium, Fusarium, Mucor, Cladosporium, and Acremonium. After the UV-C treatment of the examined fruits and vegetables, spores of the genera Fusarium, Cladosporium and Acremonium were not detected, while spores of the genera Penicillium and Mucor were more resistant and stayed viable after the treatment. Penicillium strains prevailed in the examined samples. Their introduction to the Antarctic environment could represent a potential risk for endemic autochthonous organisms.
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Adedeji, Akinbode A., Nader Ekramirad, Ahmed Rady, Ali Hamidisepehr, Kevin D. Donohue, Raul T. Villanueva, Chadwick A. Parrish, and Mengxing Li. "Non-Destructive Technologies for Detecting Insect Infestation in Fruits and Vegetables under Postharvest Conditions: A Critical Review." Foods 9, no. 7 (July 14, 2020): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9070927.
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In the last two decades, food scientists have attempted to develop new technologies that can improve the detection of insect infestation in fruits and vegetables under postharvest conditions using a multitude of non-destructive technologies. While consumers’ expectations for higher nutritive and sensorial value of fresh produce has increased over time, they have also become more critical on using insecticides or synthetic chemicals to preserve food quality from insects’ attacks or enhance the quality attributes of minimally processed fresh produce. In addition, the increasingly stringent quarantine measures by regulatory agencies for commercial import–export of fresh produce needs more reliable technologies for quickly detecting insect infestation in fruits and vegetables before their commercialization. For these reasons, the food industry investigates alternative and non-destructive means to improve food quality. Several studies have been conducted on the development of rapid, accurate, and reliable insect infestation monitoring systems to replace invasive and subjective methods that are often inefficient. There are still major limitations to the effective in-field, as well as postharvest on-line, monitoring applications. This review presents a general overview of current non-destructive techniques for the detection of insect damage in fruits and vegetables and discusses basic principles and applications. The paper also elaborates on the specific post-harvest fruit infestation detection methods, which include principles, protocols, specific application examples, merits, and limitations. The methods reviewed include those based on spectroscopy, imaging, acoustic sensing, and chemical interactions, with greater emphasis on the noninvasive methods. This review also discusses the current research gaps as well as the future research directions for non-destructive methods’ application in the detection and classification of insect infestation in fruits and vegetables.
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De Simone, Nicola, Vittorio Capozzi, Maria Lucia Valeria de Chiara, Maria Luisa Amodio, Samira Brahimi, Giancarlo Colelli, Djamel Drider, Giuseppe Spano, and Pasquale Russo. "Screening of Lactic Acid Bacteria for the Bio-Control of Botrytis cinerea and the Potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum for Eco-Friendly Preservation of Fresh-Cut Kiwifruit." Microorganisms 9, no. 4 (April 7, 2021): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040773.
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Botrytis cinerea, responsible for grey mold, represents the first biological cause of fruit and vegetable spoilage phenomena in post-harvest. Kiwifruit is a climacteric fruit particularly prone to this mold infestation during storage. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are food-grade bacteria that can synthesize several metabolites with antimicrobial activity and are, therefore, suggested as promising and eco-friendly resources for the bio-control of molds on fruits and vegetables. In this work, we propose the screening of a collection of 300 LAB previously isolated from traditional sourdoughs for their ability to counteract in vitro the growth of Botrytis cinerea CECT 20973. Only 2% of tested LAB strains belonging to Lactiplantibacillus plantarum species, exerted a strong antagonism against B. cinerea. The cell-free supernatants were partially characterized and results clearly indicated that high levels of lactic acid contributed to the antagonistic activity. PAN01 and UFG 121 cell-free supernatants were investigated as potential bio-control agents in a preliminary in vivo assay using freshly cut kiwifruits as a food model. The application of cell-free supernatants allowed to delay the growth of B. cinerea on artificially contaminated kiwifruits until two weeks. The antagonistic activity was greatly affected by the storage temperature (25 °C and 4 °C) selected for the processed fruits, suggesting the importance to include microbial-based solution in a broader framework of hurdle technologies.
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Ferreira, Antonio Gabriel da Costa, Lusiane De Sousa Ferreira, Francisco Gilvan Borges Ferreira Freitas Júnior, Marina Pacheco Santos, Marcelo De Sousa da Silva, Francisco Ivo dos Santos Aguiar, Tiago Vieira Da Costa, Edmilson Igor Bernardo Almeida, Washington Da Silva Sousa, and José Roberto Brito Freitas. "Postharvest Losses of Fruits and Vegetables Marketed in Seven Municipalities of the East Mesorregion, Maranhão, Brazil." Journal of Agricultural Studies 8, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v8i3.16098.
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The production of fruits and vegetables is listed as one of the most relevant activities in brazilian agricultural conjuncture. However, the amount of losses occurring along the production chain is alarming, especially in the postharvest stage. Thus, it was aimed to conduct a survey of postharvest losses and characterize the scenario of commercialization of fresh produce in the retail market of seven cities in the east of Maranhão state. This work was carried out through direct interviews with 145 traders. The questionnaire with objective questions that covered socioeconomic aspects, handling, flow, conditioning, storage, marketing, and postharvest losses was applied to them. It was found that the traders had little schooling (92% of traders do not have a high school level) and lack adequate technical knowledge of produce, management, and marketing of fruit and vegetable produce. The traded vegetables are sourced from Piauí, Bahia and Ceará, and drained through canvas-covered trucks (86%). The three vegetables with the highest loss estimates are bell pepper (16.42 ± 2.21%), lettuce (11.79 ± 0.42) and tomato (11.38 ± 0.19%). Though, for fruits, it highlights plum (35.65 ± 1.34%), papaya (17.93 ± 3.79%) and guava (15.63±2.79%). Among the causes, those of physiological order was the most impacting. The largest losses of vegetables occurred in Coelho Neto (17.78%), Timon (13.46%) and Brejo (10.73%) cities. Regarding fruits, the order was Coelho Neto (11.48%), Brejo (11.27%) and Timon (10.84%). There is a need for better training and awareness of traders regarding the adoption of good post-harvest practices and proper management of the commercial activity, as a way to increase the profitability of this activity, which on average is equivalent to two minimum wages per month.
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Nedumaran, Swamikannu, Aravazhi Selvaraj, Ravi Nandi, Bhattacharjee Suchiradipta, Padmanabhan Jyosthnaa, and Disha Bose. "Digital integration to enhance market efficiency and inclusion of smallholder farmers: a proposed model for fresh fruit and vegetable supply chain." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2019.0165.
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High-value agriculture in India is witnessing a transformation, specifically in fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV). Supply chain stakeholders, mainly small and marginal farmers, receive a very minimal share in consumer rupee due to market uncertainty, high post-harvest losses, information asymmetry, lack of processing facilities and the erratic demand-supply situation. The current study draws from an extensive review to propose a competitive, inclusive, sustainable and scalable supply chain model of primary processing centers connecting farmers directly and efficiently with consumers. The proposed model will connect producers with the rest of the supply chain and streamline the supply chain process to reduce post-harvest losses as much as possible. The integration of a market information system will ensure transparency to help in better decision-making, reduced intermediaries and information asymmetry for producers, as well as the systematic disposal of the produce. The model will increase the efficiency of the FFV supply chain and has practical implications for agribusiness management and policymakers in relation to FFV supply chain development in India.
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Antora, Raiya Adiba, Md Pavel Hossain, Syeeda Shiraj Um Monira, and Mohammad Gulzarul Aziz. "Effect of formaldehyde on some post-harvest qualities and shelf-life of selected fruits and vegetables." Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbau.v16i1.36496.
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In Bangladesh, a lot of fruits and vegetables have been accused of having prolonged shelf-life by formaldehyde adulteration. So, an evaluation of the effect of formaldehyde was carried out by treating mango, litchi and oyster mushroom with different concentrations of formaldehyde and assessing their quality parameters. The three samples were dipped in 0%,1%, 5% and 10%formaldehyde solutions for 15 minutes and packed in a modified atmosphere package for observation. Changes in color, texture and weight loss were observed during storage at every alternate day. No significant increase in post-harvest quality and shelf-life was observed for mango and litchi treated with formaldehyde compared to control. Treated mushroom attained elastic texture and remained in this state up to the end of storage, whereas the control spoiled days after storage. Although formaldehyde-treated mushroom showed extended shelf-life, they lost their commercial freshness. The formaldehyde solutions did not have any significant effect on weight loss. So, formaldehyde is not a useful preservative to improve the post-harvest quality and shelf-life of fresh fruits and vegetables.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 16(1): 151-157, April 2018
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Tene, Marcelino Bazán, Javier Farías Larios, José Gerardo López Aguirre, Francisco Radillo Juárez, and Jorge Rogelio Flores Sánchez. "(10) Effect of the Floating Cover on Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Yield." HortScience 41, no. 4 (July 2006): 1016C—1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1016c.
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Production of horticultural crops is important throughout the world, with high consumption mainly in Europe and the United States of America. Cucumber is consumed both fresh and processed. This vegetable generates important profits for producing countries such as Mexico, which, in 2003, produced 435,897 tons of fresh fruit with a value of 1.190 million Mexican pesos (around USD $109 million). The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the floating cover on the yield of fresh cucumbers. Four treatments and five repetitions were imposed in a randomized distribution: covered 20 days (C20) post-emergence, covered until beginning of flowering (CF), covered until beginning of harvest (CIC), and without cover (SC). Data at the first and fourth harvest were analyzed. Results showed that, in the first harvest, treatment C20 days was highest in fruit yield (3.11 ton/ha); Treatment CIC had 2.47 ton/ha, and SC produced 1.66 ton/ha. Data obtained in the fourth harvest, treatment C20, had the highest yield, with 24.12 ton/ha, and treatment CF had a yield of 21.11 ton/ha, but there was not significant difference (Tukey's P < 0.05).
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Quoc, L. P. T., D. P. Hoa, H. T. B. Ngoc, and T. T. Y. Phi. "Effect of Xanthan gum Solution on the Preservation of Acerola (Malpighia glabra L.)." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 48, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cerce-2015-0045.
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Abstract Nowadays, storing fresh fruit and vegetable by edible film was the best method. There are a lot of chemical which can coat the surface of fruit to increase the preservation time. Among the chemicals was xanthan gum which was known as an additive and applied widely in food technology but it can use currently in the post harvest technology as an edible film. Coating of acerola fruit with xanthan gum has been found to delay the ripening process. Xanthan gum in aqueous solutions of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.4% (w/v) was applied as an edible coating of unripe acerola which were stored at 30°C and 70-80% RH for 6 days. Fruits were coated with 1.4% xanthan gum delayed the ripening process by slowing down the rate of respiration, in terms of percentage weight loss, soluble solids concentration (°Bx), total acidity and color of acerola fruit during storage as compared to the uncoated control and fruit treated with other xanthan gum concentration. The result suggest that using 1.4% xanthan gum as edible coating may form a protective barrier on the surface of acerola, the ripening process of acerola can be delayed and prevented oxygen penetration. It can be prolong the preservation during 6 days at 30°C without any negative effects on quality of fruit. The appearance of acerola does not have blemishes and which is fresh, shiny and bright colored.
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T, Adepoju, Oladejo, and Adefila, Samuel A. "Effects of Processing Methods on Nutrient Retention of Processed Okro (Abelmoschus Esculentus) Fruit." Journal of Food Research 4, no. 6 (November 11, 2015): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v4n6p62.
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Non-leafy vegetables are highly perishable products and require good processing treatment to prevent post harvest losses. The common traditional method of their preservation is sun-drying or blanching followed by sun-drying. Okro fruit is generally preserved through sun-drying in Nigeria with little documentation on its nutrient retention. This study was therefore carried out to determine effects of processing methods on micronutrient retention of processed okro. Okro fruit was purchased from Bodija market, Ibadan and divided into three portions treated as raw, sun-dried, and blanched/sun-dried samples. Market sun-dried sample was purchased from the market for comparison. The four samples were analysed for proximate, mineral and vitamin composition using standard methods of AOAC, atomic absorption spectrophotometric and spectrophotometric methods. Edible portion of 100g of fresh sample contained 84.5g moisture, 2.9g crude protein, 0.2g lipid, 2.1g ash, 8.3g carbohydrate, 46.47mg sodium, 102.27mg potassium, 86.37mg calcium, 64.80mg phosphorus, 11.40mg magnesium, 1.63mg iron, 3.70mg zinc, and yielded 41.13kcal of energy. Market sun-dried sample had the highest value of ash and carbohydrate while blanched sun-dried sample had highest gross energy (p<0.05). Fresh okro sample had the highest ascorbic acid (33.02mg) and lowest β-carotene (196.57µg) values (p<0.05). The calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper and manganese content of sun-dried sample was significantly higher than other samples (p<0.05) while market sample was significantly higher in sodium, potassium, iron and zinc value compared with fresh, blanched sun-dried and sun-dried samples (p<0.05). Sun-drying seemed to be the better method of okro preservation to retain most micronutrients.
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Taş, Akgül, Selma Kuru Berk, Erdal Orman, Muttalip Gundogdu, Sezai Ercişli, Neva Karatas, Tunde Jurikova, Anna Adamkova, Sarka Nedomova, and Jiri Mlcek. "Influence of Pre-Harvest Gibberellic Acid and Post-Harvest 1-methyl Cyclopropane Treatments on Phenolic Compounds, Vitamin C and Organic Acid Contents during the Shelf Life of Strawberry Fruits." Plants 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010121.
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In recent years, significant portions of the fresh fruits and vegetables produced worldwide have been decaying before reaching the consumer because of insufficient preservation after harvest. In this direction, we carried the study out to investigate the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) and 1-methyl cyclopropane (1-MCP) applications on phenolic compounds and organic acid contents of the strawberry fruits (cv. Albion) during shelf-life. Gibberellic acid treatments, which prepared in two different concentrations (50 and 100 ppm), were performed by spraying the leaves before harvest. 1-methyl cyclopropane applied after harvest. The results of the study showed a greater decrease in organic acids (except oxalic and succinic acid) in Gibberellic acid-applied fruits during shelf-life. Citric acid was recorded as the most abundant organic acid in the control group. In phenolic compounds, gallic acid (15.22 mg 100 g−1) and ellagic acid (9.38 mg 100 g−1) were recorded as the highest phenolic compounds on the third day. 1-MCP and GA3 (50 ppm) + 1-MCP treatment reduced the breakdown of vitamin C during the shelf-life of strawberry fruits compared to the control group. As a result, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, and organic acids decreased during the shelf-life, and 1-MCP applications slowed down the breakdown of these compounds.
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Taş, Akgül, Selma Kuru Berk, Erdal Orman, Muttalip Gundogdu, Sezai Ercişli, Neva Karatas, Tunde Jurikova, Anna Adamkova, Sarka Nedomova, and Jiri Mlcek. "Influence of Pre-Harvest Gibberellic Acid and Post-Harvest 1-methyl Cyclopropane Treatments on Phenolic Compounds, Vitamin C and Organic Acid Contents during the Shelf Life of Strawberry Fruits." Plants 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10010121.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, significant portions of the fresh fruits and vegetables produced worldwide have been decaying before reaching the consumer because of insufficient preservation after harvest. In this direction, we carried the study out to investigate the effect of gibberellic acid (GA3) and 1-methyl cyclopropane (1-MCP) applications on phenolic compounds and organic acid contents of the strawberry fruits (cv. Albion) during shelf-life. Gibberellic acid treatments, which prepared in two different concentrations (50 and 100 ppm), were performed by spraying the leaves before harvest. 1-methyl cyclopropane applied after harvest. The results of the study showed a greater decrease in organic acids (except oxalic and succinic acid) in Gibberellic acid-applied fruits during shelf-life. Citric acid was recorded as the most abundant organic acid in the control group. In phenolic compounds, gallic acid (15.22 mg 100 g−1) and ellagic acid (9.38 mg 100 g−1) were recorded as the highest phenolic compounds on the third day. 1-MCP and GA3 (50 ppm) + 1-MCP treatment reduced the breakdown of vitamin C during the shelf-life of strawberry fruits compared to the control group. As a result, phenolic compounds, vitamin C, and organic acids decreased during the shelf-life, and 1-MCP applications slowed down the breakdown of these compounds.
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Walter, Virginia R., Mark D. Shelton, and Richard A. Cavaletto. "CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON APHIDS AND WESTERN FLOWER THRIPS ON FLORAL PRODUCTS." HortScience 29, no. 5 (May 1994): 554g—555. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.29.5.554g.
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Shipments of floral products to Pacific rim markets must meet stringent pest-free requirements. Conventional fumigation methods with methyl bromide will soon become unavailable. Studies show that controlled atmosphere (CA) environments can offer effective insect control. Currently, CA overseas marine shipping is occuring with fresh fruits and vegetables. These shipments use microprocessors to precisely control O2, CO2, temperature and relative humidity. This study is evaluating similar commercial shipments with fresh flowers and foliage under low temperature and low O2 and high CO2 atmospheres. Preliminary results with shipments conducted by TransFresh to Guam indicate that properly maintained CA shipments of 0.5 % O2 kill insects and that flowers in properly maintained atmospheres can withstand 14 days of marine shipment with minimum effect on post-harvest life. Adequate regulation of CA storage during transit seems to be the primary limitation to the expansion of floral markets using this method of shipment.
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Sultanbawa, Yasmina, and Michael E. Netzel. "Introduction to the Special Issue: Foods of Plant Origin." Foods 8, no. 11 (November 6, 2019): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8110555.
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Plant food is usually rich in health-promoting ingredients such as polyphenols, carotenoids, betalains, glucosinolates, vitamins, minerals and fibre. However, pre- and post-harvest treatment, processing and storage can have significant effects on the concentration and composition of these bioactive ingredients. Furthermore, the plant food matrix in fruits, vegetables, grains, legumes, nuts and seeds is very different and can affect digestibility, bioavailability, processing properties and subsequently the nutritional value of the fresh and processed food. The Special Issue ‘Foods of Plant Origin’ covers biodiscovery, functionality, the effect of different cooking/preparation methods on bioactive (plant food) ingredients, and strategies to improve the nutritional quality of plant food by adding other food components using novel/alternative food sources or applying non-conventional preparation techniques.
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Shehata, Said A., Emad A. Abdeldaym, Marwa R. Ali, Reda M. Mohamed, Rwotonen I. Bob, and Karima F. Abdelgawad. "Effect of Some Citrus Essential Oils on Post-Harvest Shelf Life and Physicochemical Quality of Strawberries during Cold Storage." Agronomy 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2020): 1466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101466.
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Utilization of essential oils alone or incorporation with edible films is an appropriate technique to conserve the quality attributes and reduce post-harvest deterioration in fresh vegetables and fruits. Strawberries, being perishable fruits have a short shelf life, and using essential oils is considered one of the most suitable methods to prolong their shelf life during storage. The current study assessed the impact of different essential oils, including lemon oil (L), orange oil (O) and mandarin oil (M) on the physicochemical and microbial load of strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa cv. Festival) stored at 2 ± 1 °C and 95% relative humidity (RH) for 18 days. The differences in the physicochemical and microbial properties of strawberries were assessed by determining the following parameter changes: weight loss, decay percentage, firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, color, anthocyanins, vitamin C, total phenol, total antioxidant, catalase activity, polyphenol oxidase activity, sensory evaluation, microbial content, total coliforms, molds, and yeasts. The results of this study indicated that the fruits treated with all essential oils treatments (L, O and M) had higher total antioxidant content and physicochemical properties than untreated fruits, due to protection against the microbial growth of molds, and yeasts. At the end of the storage period, the treated fruits showed a greater acceptance and sensory attributes than the untreated fruits. Furthermore, the correlation study showed a significant and negative relationship between the total antioxidant of treated fruits and following quality attributes including, weight loss, decay percentage, respiration rate soluble solids content, polyphenol oxidase activity, molds, and yeasts. It is noteworthy that all the essential oil treatments extended the shelf-life of strawberries and delayed their deterioration up to 18 days.
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Petko, Dominik, Regina Schmid, and Andrea Cantieni. "Pacing in Serious Games: Exploring the Effects of Presentation Speed on Cognitive Load, Engagement and Learning Gains." Simulation & Gaming 51, no. 2 (February 13, 2020): 258–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046878120902502.
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Background. To determine the optimal speed of computer-paced serious games, the interplay of cognitive load variables and game engagement variables can serve as combined criteria. Intervention. In order to test the effects of higher or lower game speeds on different types of cognitive load and engagement, the FRESH FOOD RUNNER game was developed, which teaches the harvest seasons of different fruits and vegetables. Method. In this study, N=58 6th grade primary school students are randomly assigned to play the serious game FRESH FOOD RUNNER at different speeds. Pre-and post-tests are used to assess learning gains, in combination with rating scales for different types of cognitive load and game engagement. Results. Results show that highest learning gains and lowest levels of extraneous cognitive load are prevalent at medium speed settings, which are neither too fast nor too slow. A similar pattern is apparent for student ratings of game engagement. Discussion and Conclusion. In consequence, learning gains, cognitive load and engagement variables can be regarded as suitable criteria to determine the optimal speed of serious games.
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Caprari, Claudio, Francesca Fantasma, Fabio Divino, Antonio Bucci, Maria Iorizzi, Gino Naclerio, Giancarlo Ranalli, and Gabriella Saviano. "Chemical Profile, In Vitro Biological Activity and Comparison of Essential Oils from Fresh and Dried Flowers of Lavandula angustifolia L." Molecules 26, no. 17 (September 1, 2021): 5317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26175317.
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The chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) from dried and fresh flowers of Lavandula angustifolia L. (lavender), named LA 2019 and LA 2020, respectively, grown in central Italy was analyzed and compared by GC and GC-MS. For both samples, 61 compounds were identified, corresponding to 97.9% and 98.1% of the total essential oils. Explorative data analysis, performed to compare the statistical composition of the samples, resulted in a high level of global similarity (around 93%). The compositions of both samples were characterized by 10 major compounds, with a predominance of Linalool (35.3–36.0%), Borneol (15.6–19.4%) and 1,8-Cineole (11.0–9.0%). The in vitro antibacterial activity assay by disk diffusion tests against Bacillus subtilis PY79 and Escherichia coli DH5α showed inhibition of growth in both indicator strains. In addition, plate counts revealed a bactericidal effect on E. coli, which was particularly noticeable when using oil from the fresh lavender flowers at the highest concentrations. An in vitro antifungal assay showed that the EOs inhibited the growth of Sclerotium rolfsii, a phytopathogenic fungus that causes post-harvest diseases in many fruits and vegetables. The antioxidant activity was also assessed using the ABTS free radical scavenging assay, which showed a different antioxidant activity in both EOs. In addition, the potential application of EOs as a green method to control biodeterioration phenomena on an artistic wood painting (XIX century) was evaluated.
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Kumar, Pramod, P. S. Badal, and Alka Singh. "Horticultural Exports during the Post-WTO Regime." Foreign Trade Review 40, no. 2 (July 2005): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515050203.
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Horticultural commodities are becoming an increasingly important source of export earnings for a number of countries. India has taken a number of measures to boost the export of horticultural commodities. World Trade Organization (WTO) came into being on 1 January 1995, and this marked the beginning of a new era of international trade. Initially, it was expected that India would be a net beneficiary under this trade regime with greater access to the world market. Therefore, an attempt was made to examine the changing pattern in the commodity basket, comparative advantage and direction of trade in horticultural commodities in the post reform period. A total of 132 items registered an increase, both in quantity and value terms in the post-WTO period. The share of these commodities increased to 83 per cent in post-WTO period from a level of 67 per cent in pre-WTO period. All these commodities were classified into two broad categories on the basis of their value elasticities (EV) - (a) commodities with EV greater than unity, and (b) commodities with EV less than unity. It is relatively more paying to put export promotion efforts on the former category of exportables rather than the latter. The country continues to have comparative advantage in a number of horticultural commodities over the period. Contrary to the general perception, it was revealed that India does not have comparative advantage in a large number of horticultural commodities. In order to improve the comparative advantage, it is necessary to reduce the cost of production, improve productivity, create efficient post-harvest management and processing, provide infrastructural facilities and policy support. Processed horticultural commodities were exported mainly to developed nations especially Europe, America, Japan, and the UK, whereas fresh fruits & vegetables found greater share of markets in Gulf countries, ASEAN and SARRC nations. Future export promotion efforts must encourage adherence to quality standards by following good manufacturing practices (GMP), HACCP and SPS standards.
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Neri, Lilia, Marco Faieta, Carla Di Mattia, Giampiero Sacchetti, Dino Mastrocola, and Paola Pittia. "Antioxidant Activity in Frozen Plant Foods: Effect of Cryoprotectants, Freezing Process and Frozen Storage." Foods 9, no. 12 (December 17, 2020): 1886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121886.
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The antioxidant activity (AOA) of plant foods is recognized as an index of the potential health benefits resulting from their consumption. Due to their high perishability and seasonality, plant foods are largely consumed or used as processed products and freezing is one of the technologies used for the production of high-quality foods. However, cell breakages occurring during freezing and frozen storage can lead to the release of antioxidant compounds and their degradation due to chemical and enzymatic oxidation reactions, and thus, they could present a lower antioxidant activity compared to the corresponding fresh product. In this context, process conditions, freezing pre-treatments and the use of cryoprotectants can limit the extent of freeze-induced damages and preserve the antioxidant activity of plant foods. This review collects and discusses the state-of-the-art knowledge on the single and combined effect of freezing and frozen storage conditions on the antioxidant activity of fruits and vegetables as well as the role of cryoprotectants. Classes of compounds responsible for the antioxidant activity of plant foods and the most common methods used for the evaluation of the antioxidant activity in vitro are also presented. The freezing principles and the effects of ice nucleation and crystallization on fruits, vegetables and their main derivatives (juices, pulps) have been addressed to highlight their impact on the AOA of plant foods. The effect of freezing and frozen storage on the AOA of plant foods resulted dependant on a series of intrinsic factors (e.g., composition and structure), while the role of extrinsic processing-related factors, such as freezing and storage temperatures, is ambiguous. In particular, many conflicting results are reported in the literature with a high variability depending on the method of analysis used for the AOA evaluation and data expression (fresh or dry weight). Other intrinsic raw material properties (e.g., cultivar, ripening degree), post-harvest conditions, as well as defrosting methods that in the majority of the studies are scarcely reported, contribute to the aforementioned discrepancies. Finally, due to the limited number of studies reported in the literature and the high variability in product processing, the effect of cryoprotectants on the AOA of plant foods remains unclear.
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Беспалова, Ольга Владимировна, Григорий Николаевич Дзюба, and Ирина Урузмаговна Кусова. "Import of tropical fruits and problems of their processing." Food processing industry, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52653/ppi.2021.5.5.010.
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Многими производителями фруктов принимаются меры по сокращению послеуборочных потерь урожая с помощью инноваций в технологиях хранения, переработки, совершенствованием транспортной логистики и т. п. Однако полностью вопросы потерь от порчи свежих фруктов не решены. В ходе маркетинговых исследований импорта сельскохозяйственной продукции растениеводства были оценены объемы поставок и проанализированы экспертные прогнозы деятельности производителей-экспортеров на период до 2030 г. Выявлены преимущественные виды импортируемой продукции, связанные с устойчивым спросом потребителей, и определена актуальность поставок свежих фруктов. Определено, что тропические фрукты импортируются во все страны мира. В Российской Федерации тропические фрукты высоко оценены потребителями, и их потребление многократно возросло. Преимущественные позиции в поставках 2020 г. заняли яблоки (18,3 %), цитрусовые (29,6 %) и бананы (31,5 %). Установлено, что большие объемы выращивания тропических фруктов, особенно бананов, процесс их транспортировки, хранения и реализации связаны со значительными потерями в результате быстрой порчи. Существующие технологии переработки частично несовершенны или не востребованы из-за необходимости высоких инвестиций. Проблема переработки наблюдается в крупных сетях розничной торговли и общественного питания, которые способны подрабатывать свежую плодоовощную продукцию на существующем оборудовании специализированных цехов гипермаркетов. Проведенными исследованиями научно обоснована и экспериментально апробирована технология переработки массово реализуемых тропических фруктов - бананов, как наиболее нестойких в хранении из-за быстрой потери внешнего вида. Техническое решение достигнуто посредством изучения химического состава клеточной структуры растительной ткани, ее изменения в процессе тепловой обработки. Выявлены свойства желатинизации клеточного содержимого и создан продукт - фруктовая паста. В ходе экспериментальных проработок подобраны параметры технологического процесса, определены нормы отходов и потерь для спелых и недозрелых бананов. Выявлено свойство термостабильности пасты при ее использовании в качестве начинки для мучных кондитерских изделий, исключающее применение стабилизаторов консистенции, предупреждающих растекание. Технология запатентована. Many fruit producers take measures to reduce post-harvest crop losses using innovations in storage technologies, processing, improving transport logistics, etc. However, the issues of losses from spoilage of fresh fruit have not been fully resolved. Marketing research of imports of agricultural products of crop production was made and the volumes of supplies were estimated, expert forecasts of the activities of exporters for the periods up to 2030 were analyzed. The predominant types of imported products associated with sustainable consumer demand were identified and the relevance of fresh fruit supplies was determined. It was determined that tropical fruits are imported to all countries of the world. In the Russian Federation, tropical fruits are highly valued by consumers, and their consumption has grown exponentially. Apples (18.3 %), citrus fruits (29.6 %) and bananas (31.5 %) took the leading positions in supplies in 2020. It has been established that large volumes of growing tropical fruits, especially bananas, the process of their transportation, storage and sale are associated with significant losses as a result of rapid spoilage. The existing processing technologies are partially imperfect or are not in demand due to the need for high investments. The problem of processing is observed in large retail and public catering networks, which are able to earn extra fresh fruit and vegetable products on the existing equipment of specialized hypermarket shops. The conducted research has scientifically substantiated and experimentally tested the processing technology of mass-market tropical fruits - bananas, as the most unstable in storage due to the rapid loss of appearance. The technical solution was achieved by studying the chemical composition of the cellular structure of plant tissue, its changes during heat treatment. The properties of gelatinization of cellular contents were revealed and a product was created - fruit paste. In the course of experimental studies, the parameters of the technological process were selected, the norms of waste and losses for ripe and unripe bananas were determined. The property of thermal stability of the paste was revealed when it is used as a filling for flour confectionery products, which excludes the use of consistency stabilizers that prevent spreading. The technology is patented.
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Klinsuk, Jintaphorn, Natphichon Budtri, Suwan Aekrum, Pattarapong Sunongbua, Charoonsak Somphong, and Weerasak Lertsiriyothin. "The detection of Escherichia coli biofilm in green oak with spectroscopic imaging techniques based on confocal laser scanning microscope." E3S Web of Conferences 187 (2020): 04014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018704014.
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Microbial recontamination in post- harvest products, specifically for fresh cut fruits and vegetables, often raises concern of consumer health safety since pathogen bacteria readily forms sticky biofilm for their protection that often render ineffective of cleaning or disinfection process. Therefore, tracking biofilm rather than bacteria cells may also be used for indication of microbial recontamination. This research focuses on acquisition of spectroscopic imaging and information for E. coli biofilm adherent on green oak leaf at microscopic level for visible bandwidth. A confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was applied to investigate for the evident of biofilm formation. In order to enhance spectroscopic signal, staining surface sample with propidium iodide, commonly used for staining dead cell, was specifically investigated to a potential use for determination of E. colis biofilm as an evident of recontamination occurrence. Green oak leaf samples were inoculated with a small drop of viable E. coli of 2.7x109 CFU/ml covering around 7x7 mm2 and all samples were spectroscopic imaged every day for 7 days. Absorbance spectrum acquired by CLSM for the E. coli inoculated samples presented three identity peaks at wavelengths of 620, 670, and 690 nm but the latter identity wavelength appeared to include common autofluorescence of leaf surface physiology so arguable interpretation is unavoidable for 690 nm. In opposite, the identity peaks at 620 and 670 nm presented strong detection of E. coli ‘s biofilm for storage time beyond day 5 at a significant level of confident 99%. However, the lowest minimum detection limit in term of E. coli concentration required more precisely experimental validation.
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Ruffo Roberto, Sergio, Khamis Youssef, Ayat Farghily Hashim, and Antonio Ippolito. "Nanomaterials as Alternative Control Means Against Postharvest Diseases in Fruit Crops." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (December 10, 2019): 1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121752.
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Post-harvest diseases of fruit and vegetables have to be controlled because of the high added value of commodities and the great economic loss related to spoilage. Synthetic fungicides are the first choice worldwide to control post-harvest diseases of fruit and vegetables. However, several problems and constraints related to their use have forced scientists to develop alternatives control means to prevent post-harvest diseases. Physical and biological means, resistance inducers, and GRAS (generally recognized as safe) compounds are the most important alternatives used during the last 20 years. Recently, nanomaterial treatments have demonstrated promising results and they are being investigated to reduce the utilization of synthetic fungicides to control post-harvest rot in fruit and vegetables. The collective information in this review article covers a wide range of nanomaterials used to control post-harvest decays related to each selected fruit crop including grape, citrus, banana, apple, mango, peach, and nectarine. Other examples also used are apricot, guava, avocado, papaya, dragon, pear, longan, loquat, jujubes, and pomegranate fruits.
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Russo, Vincent M., and Wayne W. Fish. "Efficacy of Microbial Amendments on Vegetables in Greenhouse and Field Trials." HortScience 47, no. 3 (March 2012): 349–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.47.3.349.
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Possible effects of microbe-containing amendments on vegetable development need clarification. Eight-week-old, organically grown seedlings of a bell, cv. Jupiter, and a non-pungent jalapeño, cv. Pace 105, pepper, both C. annuum L., were transplanted into pots containing an organic potting medium in a greenhouse experiments repeated over 2 years. Pots were fertilized with Neptune's Harvest®, a fish emulsion. One of eight amendments [Actinovate AG®, Bio Inoculant®, Bio-S.I.®, Compost Tea® (a decoction of biological material), Mpact®, ‘PMSLA and EO-12’®, Soil Activator®, Super Bio®] was applied at label rates and application timings. The control was Neptune's Harvest only. Three plants from each treatment were periodically harvested. Heights and total fresh and dry weights were determined. At a single terminal harvest, numbers and weights and chlorophyll, carotenoids, and vitamin C contents of fruit were determined. At the conclusion of the study the control, Bio-S.I., Compost Tea, PMSLA and EO-12, and Soil Activator generally produced bell pepper plants that were taller and heavier than those produced by Actinovate AG, Bio Inoculant, Mpact, and Super Bio. Numbers and weights of bell pepper fruit were not consistent over amendments or years. Heights for cv. Pace 105 plants treated with Compost Tea were similar to the control and taller than all others. Plant fresh weights for the control and Compost Tea were similar to that for Bio-S.I. and greater than all others. Dry weight, number and fresh weight of fruit and levels of chlorophylls, carotenoids, and vitamin C in fruit were unaffected. Compost Tea, PMSLA, and Soil Activator were tested in field trials in 2010 and 2011 using both peppers, cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), cv. Earli Pik, and sweet corn (Zea mays var. rugosa Bonaf), cv. Incredible. Amendments provided no particular benefits under greenhouse or field conditions.
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Glancey, James L., and W. Edwin Kee. "Engineering Aspects of Production and Harvest Mechanization for Fresh and Processed Vegetables." HortTechnology 15, no. 1 (January 2005): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.15.1.0076.
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Production and harvesting systems for processing vegetables have been highly mechanized, however, field efficiencies are generally low, and high field losses and fruit damage continue to limit profits for several crops. By comparison, the number of fresh market crops currently machine harvested is small, and research to develop new harvesting technology for these crops is limited. Current mechanization research includes improvements to existing production systems, development of harvesters for crops currently hand-harvested, and the integration of new technologies into current (and future) production systems. Mechanical harvester-based production systems are evolving that reduce field losses and fruit damage, improve recovery, and decrease the foreign materials in the harvested product. However, improved cultural production systems and crop varieties that are adapted for once-over machine harvest are needed. An integrated approach in which crop characteristics along with planting, cultivating, and harvesting techniques are considered will be necessary to develop profitable and highly efficient alternatives to hand-harvest production. The integration of new technologies including differential global positioning systems (DGPS), automatic machine guidance, and computer-based vision systems offers significant performance benefits, and is a substantial component of current vegetable production and harvesting research in the U.S. In time, as the costs of these technologies decline, commercial adoption of these new methods is expected to increase.
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Sandri, Delvio, Maria M. Rinaldi, Taís A. Ishizawa, Ananda H. N. Cunha, Honorato C. Pacco, and Rafael B. Ferreira. "‘Sweet grape’ tomato post harvest packaging." Engenharia Agrícola 35, no. 6 (December 2015): 1093–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v35n6p1093-1104/2015.
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ABSTRACT This paper aims at evaluating the shelf life of mini tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) cultivar ‘Sweet Grape’, grown in hydroponics, and stored under environmental and refrigerated conditions inside different packages. We adopted a completely randomized design, in which treatments were combinations of storage conditions: environment (e) and refrigerated (r) with packaging: polyvinyl chloride film (PVC); low-density polyethylene (LDPE); biofilm of tomato fruit of Solanum lycocarpum A.St.-Hil (lobeira) (TFB); cassava starch biofilm (CSB); carnauba wax (Copernicia prunifera) (CW), and without packaging - control (C). Physicochemical and sensory tests were carried out at the beginning (day zero), and at 8, 19, and 33 days of storage (DS). Fruit stored inside PVCr, LDPEe, LDPEr, and CWr had an acceptable shelf life of 33 days. The use of cassava and tomato starches were not effective in controlling fruit fresh weight loss. ‘Sweet Grape’ tomato postharvest conservation was enhanced under refrigerated conditions. The sensory evaluation results revealed that CWr treatment most pleased appraisers, while PCV had the highest rejection rate.
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Ferreira, Marcos David, André Toshiro Oshima Franco, Ricardo Freitas Kasper, Antonio Carlos Oliveira Ferraz, Sylvio Luiz Honório, and Marcelo Tavares. "Post-harvest quality of fresh-marketed tomatoes as a function of harvest periods." Scientia Agricola 62, no. 5 (October 2005): 446–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162005000500006.
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Losses on tomato business chain start at harvest, a two-months period. At the beginning of the harvest, fruits concentrate at the basal part of the plant, then in the middle, and finally at the top, and undergo changes in diameter and maturity indexes as harvest progresses. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of handling at three different periods: (I) 15 days, (II) 30 days, and (III) 45 days after the beginning of harvest. Tomatoes were ordinarily grown and harvested in to bamboo baskets, and transferred to plastics boxes. Fruits were classified according to ripening stage and diameter, and evaluated for mechanical damage and external defects caused by harvesting procedures. The time required for the harvest operation was measured; damage to fruits (%) and weight loss (%), caused either in the field and/or during the harvesting process, were taken into consideration and related to the final quality of fruit after storage for 21 days. The same methodology was used all through the production and harvest cycle. The highest % fruit damage occurred during period II, a longer harvest time than the other two periods. Fruits not submitted to handling showed lower weight loss than handled fruits. Fruits harvested in period II and stored for 21 days showed higher losses due to mechanical injury.
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Kumari, Meera, Shoji Lal Bairwa, Lokesh Kumar Meena, and Sk M. Rahman. "Availability and Post-harvest losses of fruits and vegetable in Bihar: Economic Analysis." International Journal of Agricultural Invention 1, no. 02 (December 31, 2016): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46492/ijai/2016.1.2.15.
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Bihar is the rich state with abundance natural resources and wide range of diversity in agriculture in comparison to other growing states of the country.Horticultural crops constitute a significant component of total agricultural production of the country and cover nearly 11.6 million ha area with a total production of over 91 million tonnes per year. Production of fruits and vegetables play an important role in generating employment, income and meeting household nutritional security. The combined annual production of fruits and vegetables in India is likely to cross 377 million tonnes (MT) mark by 2021 from the current level of over 227 MT. However, the projected production of fruits and vegetables would only cater to domestic demand leaving no scope for growth on export front due to the huge wastage would continue to rise simultaneously in absence of on-farm processing facilities. Post-harvest losses are very high in fruit, vegetables and root crops as they are much less hardy and are quickly perishable, and if care is not taken in their harvesting, handling and transport, they soon decay and become unfit for human consumption. The importance of post-harvest management for fruit and vegetable trade should not be ignored. New strategies need to be developing to promote adoption of post-harvest technology by the fruit and vegetable growers for good marketing. The creation of market infrastructure from export point of view such as creation of pre- cooling, cold storage, air cargo, packinghouse etc. may be taken up by the concerted efforts of the state government. There is also need to develop the efficient marketing systems with better storage facilities and less number of middlemen for the ultimate welfare of farmers. Thus, the policy makers should promote processing of fruits and vegetables for value addition and also explore export avenues.
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Kamda Silapeux, A. G., Roger Ponka, Chiara Frazzoli, and Elie Fokou. "Waste of Fresh Fruits in Yaoundé, Cameroon: Challenges for Retailers and Impacts on Consumer Health." Agriculture 11, no. 2 (January 20, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020089.
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Post-harvest losses contribute significantly to food insecurity and affect the nutritional status and health of populations. This study estimates the waste of fresh fruits in the post-harvest chain and identifies avoidable causes along the food supply chain to extrapolate good practices for the empowerment of retailers. A semi-structured questionnaire and a checklist were used in the administrative units of Yaoundé, Cameroon, from May to June 2017. Fifty fresh fruit retailers were randomly selected. Information, including socioeconomic profile, handling practices, transport, and food wastes, was analyzed. Dominant figure in the fruit market are 34-aged women. Despite significant professional experience, none of retailers received formal training. The perceived main causes of fruit waste were failure to sell, mechanical damage during transport, and storage conditions. Inappropriate packaging materials and poor hygiene were also observed, and about 40–50% of fruits did not reach the consumers’ table. Nutritional education of the general population is crucial in facing the challenge of fresh fruit waste. The analysis of critical points in the post-harvest fresh fruit chain highlights good cost-effective practices. Training and empowerment of retailers represent the main measures to decrease fruit waste, in addition to nutritional training programs for the general population recommending the daily consumption of fruits for healthy life.
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Andreyeva, Tatiana, and Joerg Luedicke. "Incentivizing fruit and vegetable purchases among participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 1 (May 9, 2014): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014000512.
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AbstractObjectiveIn 2009, the US Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) began to provide participants with cash-value vouchers to purchase fruits and vegetables ($US 10 for women and $US 6 for children per month). The present paper assesses the potential effects of the new WIC incentives on fruit and vegetable purchases among WIC households in two New England states.DesignA pre–post assessment of changes in fruit and vegetable purchases after the WIC revisions in generalized estimating equation models.SettingScanner data on grocery purchases from a regional supermarket chain in New England, USA.SubjectsWIC-participating households (n 2137) that regularly shopped at the chain during January–September 2009 and January–September 2010.ResultsAfter the WIC revisions, purchases of fresh and frozen vegetables increased in volume by 17·5 % and 27·8 %, respectively. The biggest improvements were observed for fresh fruit, an increase of 28·6 %, adding almost a kilogram of fresh fruits per household per month. WIC households spent three times more of their WIC vouchers on purchasing fresh fruits than fresh vegetables. The magnitudes of substitution effects were relatively small: between 4 % (fresh fruit) and 13 % (canned vegetables) of the amounts purchased in 2009 with non-WIC funds were replaced by purchases made using WIC vouchers in 2010.ConclusionsThe provision of fruit and vegetable benefits in the revised WIC food packages increased overall purchases of fruits and vegetables among WIC-participating households in New England. Efforts to encourage consumption of fruits and vegetables by people receiving federal food assistance are paying off.
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Rajapaksha, Leelananda, DMC Champathi Gunathilake, SM Pathirana, and TN Fernando. "Reducing post-harvest losses in fruits and vegetables for ensuring food security – Case of Sri Lanka." MOJ Food Processing & Technology 9, no. 1 (February 2, 2021): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mojfpt.2021.09.00255.
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In Sri Lanka, 70% of 21 million population live in non-urban areas, and agriculture provides livelihood for approximately 40% of them. The agricultural marketing process in the country is a complex operation due to services and functions involved in moving a crop product from where it was produced to where it would finally be consumed. Further, with a wide range of agricultural crops being produced, post-harvest handling process create different degrees of quantitative and qualitative losses in a complex market chain, which are estimated at 20% to 40% for vegetables and 30% - 40% for fruits. Improper and non-scientific post-harvest practices and handling, gaps in integration of cold chain practices & elements with post-harvest process, and lack of knowledge & awareness on many related aspects at grass root farmer level etc. appear to contribute to losses that finally prevent due economic benefits reaching the small-scale producer. In order to increase the effectiveness of post-harvest process handling of fruit and vegetables, appropriate corrective measures targeting small scale producers as well as commercial scale producers need to be popularized and practiced. At small scale producer level, promotion of appropriate low-cost post-harvest practices and procedures, facilitating low-cost cold chain elements and user-friendly information flow mechanism on market situation would certainly help avoid some of the steps that lead to losses. Monitoring system of commercial post-harvest handling process that ensure scientific bulk handling, storage and transportation of fruit and vegetables, properly designed economic centers with well regulated environmentcontrolled storages etc. would greatly reduce loses in bulk handling, ensuring better food security in the island.
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Priss, Olesia, Viktoria Yevlash, Valentina Zhukova, Sergey Kiurchev, Valentуna Verkholantseva, Iryna Kalugina, Svetlana Kolesnichenko, Alla Salavelis, Olena Zolovska, and Halyna Bandurenko. "INVESTIGATION OF THE RESPIRATION RATE DURING STORAGE OF FRUIT VEGETABLES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF ABIOTIC FACTORS." EUREKA: Life Sciences 6 (November 30, 2017): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2504-5695.2017.00494.
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The aim of the work was to establish the influence of most important abiotic planting factors (temperature, precipitation quantity) on the respiratory rate of fruit vegetables at storage and also a possibility of correction of respiratory metabolism by post-harvest thermal processing by antioxidant compositions. Fruits of cucumbers of the hybrids Masha and Afina, bush pumpkins Kavili and Tamino, sweet pepper of the hybrids Nikita and Hercules, tomato of the varieties Novachok and Rio Grande Original were used for the studies. It was established, that the respiratory rate of pumpkin fruit vegetables is importantly influenced by the variety specificity. The respiratory level of pumpkin vegetables directly correlates with the sum of active temperatures of the period of fruits formation and reversibly – with precipitation and hydrothermal coefficient. The influence of the variety specificity for nightshade vegetables is leveled, and among meteorological planting conditions the important intense influence on the respiratory rate is realized by the sum of active temperatures of the period of fruits formation and ripening. Precipitation and hydrothermal coefficient have the important influence only on pepper fruits. It was established, that the use of post-harvest thermal processing by antioxidant compositions results in inhibition of respiratory processes in fruit vegetables at storage.
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Abbasi, Nadeem Akhtar, Abdul Kareem, Ishfaq Ahmed Hafiz, Abdul Ahad Qureshi, and Sherif Fathy EL-Gioushy. "PRE-HARVEST FOLIAR APPLICATION OF VEGETABLES EXTRACT IMPROVES THE QUALITY OF HARVESTED GRAPE." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 18, no. 6 (December 19, 2019): 107–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2019.6.11.
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This study focused on examining the effect of vegetables extract foliar application on storage quality of the grapes grape (Vitis vinifera L. cvs. ‘Perlette’ and ‘King’s Ruby’). The vines were sprayed after fruit set twice at 15 days interval at concentrations of 0, 0.20%, 0.30% and 0.40%. Fruit were harvested and kept under cold-storage at 0.5 ±0.5°C and 90% RH for 28 days. The physicochemical properties of treated and untreated berries were analyzed at 7 days intervals during the cold storage. The results showed that the pre-harvest application of vegetable extracts reduced the weight loss and inhibited the fruit decay. Treated grape also had higher ascorbic acid contents, total phenolics, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-radical (DPPH) scavenging activity, and higher soluble solid contents, titratable acidity, and reduced sugar:acid ratio. The concentration of 0.30% and cultivar ‘Kings Ruby’ gave the best result as compared to untreated control. In conclusion, pre-harvest vegetables extract application on berries showed higher antioxidant activities in grape berries, and maintained their post-harvest quality. These results indicated that foliar spray of vegetables extract could effectively improve the fruit quality, mainly through the reduction of phenolic content.
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Giacomin, Renata Mussoi, Leonel Vinícius Constantino, Alison Fernando Nogueira, Maria Beatriz Cadato Ruzza, Ariele Maria Morelli, Kelvin Shinohata Branco, Lais Martins Rossetto, Douglas Mariani Zeffa, and Leandro Simões Azeredo Gonçalves. "Post-Harvest Quality and Sensory Evaluation of Mini Sweet Peppers." Horticulturae 7, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae7090287.
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Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world, being recognized as a food with high nutritional value. Recently, the market for sweet and colorful mini peppers has increased, especially among the most demanding consumers in the novelties in vegetables and functional foods. In this sense, we evaluated mini sweet peppers genotypes (Akamu, Kaiki, Kalani, Kaolin e Moke from Isla® seeds) regarding the physical-chemical, nutritional and sensory analysis aspects. A wide variability was observed among genotypes, highlighting the Kalani genotype for total carotenoids, and the genotypes Akamu, Kaiki and Kaolin for phenolic totals content and antioxidant activity. Moke and Kaolin showed higher vitamin C content and fruit firmness. Based on sensory analysis, Kalani, Kaiki, Kaolin and Akamu obtained greater global acceptance. The genotypes can be considered an important marketing strategy of mini sweet peppers trade, associating different shapes, colors and nutritional quality.
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Moskovenko, Nadezhda, Sergey Tikhonov, Nataliya Tikhonova, and Askar Muratov. "Unified Standards of the Eurasian Economic Union for Fruit and Vegetable Products as a Means of Integrated Trade in the Global Economic Environment." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 50, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 559–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-3-559-574.
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Introduction. A unified system of normative and technical regulation can facilitate export of fruit and vegetables. The research objective was to develop a draft of unified standards for marketing regulation and quality control of fruit and vegetable products that participate in foreign trade in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).
Study objects and methods. The study featured draft standards for quality of prepared and packaged food products, classification, size, labeling, packaging, safety indicators, etc. The research also included development programs of interstate standards for technical regulations and objects of technical regulation, i.e. fresh fruit and vegetables. Research methods involved comparison, analysis, synthesis, peer review, comprehensive standardization, and system analysis.
Results and its discussion. The present article provides an analytical review of the world export of fruit and vegetables by EAEU countries. Export to third countries demonstrated a positive growth trend: the export of vegetables increased by 19.3% and that of fruit – by 3.6%, in comparison with 2018. The paper focuses on the structure of the drafts, their main tasks and advantages. It gives a detailed description of drafts that regulate pre-export standards (quality, commodity procedures, packaging, etc.), as well as post-export requirements. The authors developed standards that specify maturity, calibration, labeling, hygienic requirements, contaminants, etc. The draft standards may help to regulate the sale and control of the commercial quality of fresh fruit and vegetables, including organic products.
Conclusion. The new international standards for fresh fruit and vegetables, including organic products, will reduce procedural and documentary barriers between the EAEU and the world market, thus increasing the volume of foreign trade in fruit and vegetables.
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Baia, Gabriela M., Otniel Freitas-Silva, and Murillo F. Junior. "Understanding the Role of Chlorine and Ozone to Control Postharvest Diseases in Fruit and Vegetables: A Review." Current Nutrition & Food Science 16, no. 4 (July 13, 2020): 455–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401315666190212161209.
Full textAbstract:
Fruits and vegetables are foods that come into contact with various types of microorganisms from planting to their consumption. A lack or poor sanitation of these products after harvest can cause high losses due to deterioration and/ or pathogenic microorganisms. There are practically no post-harvest fungicides or bactericides with a broad spectrum of action that have no toxic residual effects and are safe. However, to minimize such problems, the use of sanitizers is an efficient device against these microorganisms. Chlorine is the most prevalent sanitizing agent because of its broad spectrum, low cost and well-established practices. However, the inevitable formation of disinfection by-products, such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), is considered one of the main threats to food safety. Alternative sanitizers, such as chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and ozone, are becoming popular as a substitute for traditional post-harvest treatments. Thus, this review addresses the use of chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ozone emphasizing aspects, such as usage, safe application, spectrum of action and legislation. In order to ensure the quality and safety of final products, the adoption of well-prepared sanitation and sanitation programs for post-harvest fruits and vegetables is essential.
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ALTHAUS, D., E. HOFER, S. CORTI, A. JULMI, and R. STEPHAN. "Bacteriological Survey of Ready-to-Eat Lettuce, Fresh-Cut Fruit, and Sprouts Collected from the Swiss Market." Journal of Food Protection 75, no. 7 (July 1, 2012): 1338–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-12-022.
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The consumption of ready-to-eat fresh vegetables has increased significantly in the recent decades. So far, no data are available on the bacteriological burden and the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in ready-to-eat lettuce, fresh-cut fruit, and sprouts on the Swiss market. This study was based on investigations carried out during 2 months of the summer season in 2011. Samples of 142 salads, 64 fresh-cut fruit, and 27 sprouts were included in this study. Escherichia coli, an indicator microorganism for fecal contamination, was only found in 5 lettuce samples, with amounts ranging between 2 and 3 log CFU/g. No Salmonella spp. were detected from any of the 233 samples analyzed in this study, and a low occurrence was found for contamination with L. monocytogenes, Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, enteropathogenic E. coli, and Cronobacter. From the results of the present study, we conclude that even in a country where the use of chlorine solutions to sanitize fruits and vegetables in the fresh-cut industry is not allowed, it is possible to produce ready-to-eat lettuce, fresh-cut fruit, and sprouts with high microbiological standards. Strict maintenance of good practices of hygiene at preharvest, harvest, and postharvest levels is of central importance to ensure both public health protection and product quality.
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Sandepogu, Monica, Pushp Sheel Shukla, Samuel Asiedu, Svetlana Yurgel, and Balakrishnan Prithiviraj. "Combination of Ascophyllum nodosum Extract and Humic Acid Improve Early Growth and Reduces Post-Harvest Loss of Lettuce and Spinach." Agriculture 9, no. 11 (November 11, 2019): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9110240.
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Leafy vegetables like lettuce and spinach are prone to significant post-harvest losses during handling and storage. The pre-harvest treatment of crops with biostimulants offers a sustainable strategy for reducing post-harvest losses. Earlier studies focused on the effect of plant biostimulants applied individually. In this study, we studied the efficacy of a combined application of two commonly used plant biostimulants: Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) and humic acid (HA). Interestingly, the combination of both biostimulants improved early growth of lettuce and spinach compared to ANE and HA alone. Among the combinations used in this study, 0.25% ANE + 0.2% HA produced significantly higher fresh and dry biomass in lettuce and spinach compared to the other treatments and the control. Pre-harvest treatment of combination of 0.25% ANE and 0.2% HA significantly reduced the loss of fresh biomass during post-harvest storage. The combination of 0.25% ANE and 0.2% HA reduced lipid peroxidation during storage with an increase in total ascorbate, phenolic, and antioxidant capacity of spinach and lettuce. These results suggest that a combination of ANE and HA reduces post-harvest losses of spinach and lettuce more effectively than when applied individually.
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Phuangto, Samanya, Onyupha Chandee, Tipaporn Subsomboon, and Wanida Wattanakaroon. "Post-Harvest Shelf Life Extension of Mango Using Chitosan and Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Coatings." Key Engineering Materials 824 (October 2019): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.824.81.
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Biopolymer-based coatings or films can be used as an alternative to the replacement of conventional packaging, to preserve fresh fruit quality and extend their shelf life. This study aimed to prepare and characterize biopolymeric coating films based on chitosan and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Film coating of biopolymers was further applied on mango fruits, and the efficacy of coating materials in post-harvest shelf life and maintaining quality parameters of mango were then determined. The coating method of the films over mango was prepared using a dipping technique. Fruit weight loss, colors and content of total soluble solids were evaluated to assess fruit quality during 14 days at 25 °C of storage. Results indicated that films formulated with CMC showed significantly higher water solubility and water vapor transmission rate. Notably, coating improved the quality of mango during storage. Between the coating types, CMC was found to be significantly more effective in maintaining fruit fresh weight during the storage period. The fruit treated with CMC lowered the change in color and had higher soluble solids content than that of chitosan coating on the fourteenth day of storage. These results demonstrate that CMC-based coating could be utilized for the extension of the fruit commercialization period.
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Faour-Klingbeil, Dima, Victor Kuri, Sukayna Fadlallah, and Ghassan M. Matar. "Prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli from raw vegetables in Lebanon." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 10, no. 04 (April 28, 2016): 354–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.7745.
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Introduction: Fresh produce has been implicated in a number of documented outbreaks of foodborne illness caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) have been detected on vegetables, raising concerns about the prevalence of E. coli contamination in produce, which can take place at various points from farm to fork. This study aimed to detect the presence of STEC and multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli on fresh vegetables and water from different sources along the fresh produce supply chain in Lebanon. Methodology: E. coli isolates (n = 60) were group serotyped using trivalent antisera (trivalent 1 [O111+O55+O26], trivalent 2 [O86+O119+O127], trivalent 3 [O125; O126; O128], and trivalent 4 [O114+O124+O142]) and tested for stx1 and stx2 genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Resistance to antimicrobial agents was determined using the disk diffusion method. Results: The virulence genes stx1 and stx2 were not detected in any of the isolates. However, 60% of the isolates were MDR and predominantly observed in trivalent 2 (32%). It is postulated that the inadequate post-harvest washing contributed to transmission of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli at wholesale and retail levels. Fresh vegetables harbor MDR E. coli and their consumption poses risks of increasing the reservoir of antimicrobial resistance in the intestines of the Lebanese population. Conclusions: Greater emphasis should be placed on vigilant sanitation measures at the consumption level, and effective national risk mitigation strategies are crucial to minimize fecal contamination in the early stages of production, particularly in the post-harvest washing processes.
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Park, Yu-Jin, Duk-Hee Cha, Ki-yun Jung, Bong-Hwa Kang, and Jung-Myung Lee. "(31) Quality Changes in Oriental Melon as Affected by Washing after Fruit Harvest and 1-MCP Treatment." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1004C—1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1004c.
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Washing oriental melon (Cucumismelo var. makuwa Makino) is a standard procedure because it facilitates the precise elimination of defective fruit, such as fruit having internal decay symptoms, and also facilitates easier handling of fruit by the elimination of gummy substances on the fruit surface. In most fresh fruits and vegetables, however, washing has never been recommended unless it is related to other practices, such as waxing or immediate processing. Harvested oriental melons were placed in a big water tank and washed with a brush machine immediately before grading, using an automatic grader. Fruit that had sunk down to the bottom of the tank were discarded, as they were premature-fermented fruit with no commercial value. Fruit, intact or washed, were treated with 1-MCP at 0.5–2.0 ppm for 12 hours and stored at room temperature for 3 weeks. Flesh firmness, soluble solids contents, fruit petiole color, and changes of surface suture color were measured to evaluate storability of the fruit. The washed fruit exhibited poor skin color and early suture-browning as compared to the non-washed fruit, regardless of 1-MCP pretreatment. 1-MCP treatment was also effective in maintaining fresh fruit quality as compared to the non-treated fruit. 1-MCP effects were, however, more pronounced in relatively smaller and less mature fruit as compared to the fully mature fruit. 1-MCP was also effective in maintaining white suture color, the most important visual factor currently used for quality evaluation in oriental melon.
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Palermo, Claire, Breeana Gardiner, Carena Gee, Stella Charaktis, and Miranda Blake. "A mixed-methods impact evaluation of the feasibility of an initiative in small rural stores to improve access to fruit and vegetables." Australian Journal of Primary Health 22, no. 6 (2016): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py15136.
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Retail stores are a promising setting for improving access to nutritious food. This study opportunistically evaluated an initiative that supported stores in small rural Victorian towns to sell fresh fruit and vegetables. It aimed to measure whether the initiative showed a trend towards improved access to fruit and vegetables in these rural communities. A mixed-methods, pre-post evaluation was employed to measure the range and price of 39 fruits and 45 vegetables, together with 15 interviews with stakeholders 2.5 years after the commencement of the initiative. Twenty-one of 35 eligible stores took up the initiative. Analysis of qualitative and quantitative data showed that the initiative improved the availability of and access to fruit and vegetables, and that stores have a role in improving access to fruit and vegetables. The overall range of fruit and vegetables increased over 18 months from a median of 10 varieties (n=10) to 17 varieties (n=15) (P=0.028) and the prices decreased over 12 months in five out of seven stores where data was available. The capacity to influence availability of fruit and vegetables was affected by time, human resources and community support. Sustaining change to fruit and vegetables access is challenging. Using stores for health promotion may be an effective strategy for improving rural populations’ fruit and vegetable intake.
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Abubakar, M. M., M. Norida, M. Y. Rafii, and J. J. Nakasha. "Effects of post-harvest hot water treatments on the fungi contamination, physiology and quality of rock melon fruit." JULY 2020, no. 14(7):2020 (July 20, 2020): 1081–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.20.14.07.p2218.
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During the postharvest management of fruits and vegetables, the losses range from 10 to 30% of the entire production. This is due to numerous causes, but the most important reason is infestation by fungi. Many synthetic fungicides are employed for postharvest treatment of fruit and vegetables throughout the world. However, fungicidal residues often represent a significant threat to human health. The current study examined the use of hot water treatments on rock melon fruit. Hot water treatments at 55℃ was arranged into four treatments of different dipping periods of 0 minutes (control), 1 minute, 2 minutes, and 3 minutes. The postharvest hot water treatments on rock melon fruit were found to increase the shelf life up to 21 days by minimizing the weight loss, maintaining firmness, preventing the damage of sucrose, retaining the rind size, maintaining the fruit appearance, and reducing fungal infection. The one-minute dip was more effective than other treatments. The treatment successfully extends the shelf life of rock melon fruit quality for the market until three weeks of storage at 21 ± 1 ℃ compared with the control, which was only stored for one week. The results showed the importance of hot water treatments as an alternative to fungicides or chemical treatments, which have a high risk to the health of consumers. Hot water treatment is economical and easier to access than the chemical treatments.
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Fernandes, Regina, Irvin Widders, and Mark Uebersax. "INFLUENCE OF ENDOGENOUS CALCIUM ON POST-PROCESSING TEXTURAL QUALITY OF PICKLING CUCUMBER FRUIT." HortScience 26, no. 6 (June 1991): 702F—702. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.6.702f.
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Sand culture experiments were conducted in controlled environments to determine the effects of endogenous fruit Ca concentration on tissue firmness and the rates of softening following fresh-pack processing of pickling cucumbers. Fruit Ca status was modified by exposing the cucumber plants to 0.01, 0.1, 10, and 20 mM Ca in the nutrient solutions from fruit set to harvest. Ca concentrations were measured in pericarp and endocarp tissue. Spears were 4.5 cm diam. fruit were fresh-pack processed in 0, 5 or 20 mM CaCl2 solutions. Tissue texture during incubation at 46°C was measured at 0, 5 and 20 days using a shear press (TMS-90, Food Tech. Corp.). Pericarp tissue Ca concentrations were positively correlated with tissue firmness immediately following fresh-pack processing. High endogenous Ca levels, however, were correlated with high rates of pericarp softening during accelerated aging. Refrigeration extended the Ca effect on texture for 3 weeks following processing.
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Kozos, Karolina, Ireneusz Ochmian, and Piotr Chełpiński. "The effects of rapid chilling and storage conditions on the quality of Brigitta Blue cultivar highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)." Folia Horticulturae 26, no. 2 (December 1, 2014): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fhort-2015-0006.
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ABSTRACT Controlled atmosphere storage allows for the long-term and short-term storage of fruit without a significant decrease in quality, resulting in a longer shelflife of fresh fruit. The Department of Horticulture at the West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin conducted research on the effects of post-harvest precooling (3-4°C within two hours) and storage conditions (conventional cold room and controlled atmosphere storage) on fruit firmness, chemical composition, colour and weight loss. After six weeks of storage, it was found that the quality of fruit had declined. In comparison with fresh fruit, the harvest was found to have lost weight and darkened in colour. In addition, a decrease in firmness and the content of ascorbic acid and polyphenolic compounds was also observed. The fruits that were stored in a cold room with a controlled atmosphere and rapidly chilled immediately after harvest were the least affected. In addition, the research showed that there was a high correlation between the anthocyanin index and the polyphenol content in the fruits. To maintain the high quality of the fruit, the fruit must be very rapidly cooled soon after harvest and stored under optimal conditions - a cold room with a controlled atmosphere.
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Mat Jusoh, Nur Athirah, Phebe Ding, and Sea Yeat Choon. "Extending Post-Harvest Quality of Fresh Fig (Ficus carica L.) Fruit through Manipulation of Pre- and Post-Harvest Practices: A Review." Sains Malaysiana 49, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2020-4903-10.
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Saleh, Iman, and Roda Al-Thani. "Fungal food spoilage of supermarkets' displayed fruits." November-2019 12, no. 11 (November 2019): 1877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1877-1883.
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Background and Aim: Post-harvest fungal infection of fruits and vegetables is mainly caused by fungal pathogens that can be harmful to both human and animals as they produce mycotoxins, post-harvest diseases in fruits and vegetables are a serious problem that results in the loss of a large percentage of crops reaching 50% in some fruits. This study aims at screening the post-purchasing shelf-life of four highly consumed fruits and vegetables and at identifying the fungal strains behind their spoilage in Qatar. Materials and Methods: Fruits and vegetables were collected from the market to study their post-purchasing shelf-life and to identify the fungal types involved in samples rotting. Factors that affect samples' shelf-life were also analyzed. Results: A total of 73 fungal isolates were isolated and identified, with the highest percentage of Penicillium (21.9%) followed by Rhizopus (17.8%). Interestingly, many mycotoxins producing and diseases inducing fungi were identified in this study; this includes Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Alternaria, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Botrytis, Geotrichum, and Colletotrichum. Statistical analysis shows that different fruits have significantly different shelf-life and different predispositions for spoilage. In many cases, a strong relationship was shown between the fungal types isolated and the country of origin of the fruit. Finally, the price of the commodity did not have a significant effect on its contamination level nor did the market from which the sample was purchased. This indicates that the fruit displaying methods in Qatar do not affect their contamination level. Conclusion: The study is among the first reports about fungal types involved in fruits and vegetables rotting in Qatar and it highlights the strong link between spoiling fungi and their country of origin.
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Silva, Luana Ribeiro, Edmilson Igor Bernardo Almeida, Lusiane De Sousa Ferreira, Kessia Tenorio Figueirinha, Antonio Gabriel da Costa Ferreira, and Washington Da Silva Sousa. "Estimates and causes of fresh fruit post-harvest losses in the Chapadinha Microregion, Maranhão, Brazil." REVISTA AGRO@MBIENTE ON-LINE 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.18227/1982-8470ragro.v12i4.5223.
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Fruit growing contributes to Brazilian socioeconomic growth, both as a source of food for the
population and in the generation of employment and income. However, the production chain incurs significant
negative impacts, mainly due to post-harvest losses. The objective of the current study was to estimate the
post-harvest losses of fruits, occurring in the retail markets of Anapurus, Belágua, Mata Roma, São Benedito
do Rio Preto and Urbano Santos (Maranhão State). The study was carried out with visits to 45 commercial
establishments, and the deployment of a questionnaire regarding post-harvest losses of 12 fruits. It is
concluded that, in decreasing order, losses were: avocado (11.76 ± 0.09%) > papaya (11.65% ± 0.02) >
banana (10.82 ± 1.75%) > grape (10.08 ± 0.06%) > passion fruit (9.28 ± 0.04%) > pineapple (8.62 ± 0.04%)
> watermelon (8.48 ± 0.05%) > mango (8.00 ± 0.18%) > orange (7.12 ± 0.10%) > apple (6.68 ± 0.07%) > pear
(6.52 ± 0.03%) > melon (4.32 ± 0.01%). Physiological disorders were the main cause of losses, with estimated
losses being up to 10.62%. It is suggested that losses could be reduced with: better hygiene in commercial
environments, effective planning of the quantities offered, and the adoption of low cost technologies for the
conservation and refrigeration of temperate fruits. Some public initiatives, such as the increase in availability of
training courses, improvement of roads in the rural areas of the Chapadinha Microregion, and encouragement
of the expansion of fruit growing in Maranhão, may lead to improvements, with direct benefits to society in
general.