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Journal articles on the topic 'Freshwater fish parasites'
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1
VALTONEN, E. T., K. PULKKINEN, R. POULIN, and M. JULKUNEN. "The structure of parasite component communities in brackish water fishes of the northeastern Baltic Sea." Parasitology 122, no. 4 (April 2001): 471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182001007491.
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We used nestedness analysis to seek non-random patterns in the structure of component communities of metazoan parasites collected from 31 sympatric fish species from the northeastern Bothnian Bay, the most oligohaline area of the Baltic Sea. Only 8 marine parasite species were found among the 63 species recorded, although some marine fish species reproduce in the bay and others occasionally visit the area. Marine parasite species can utilize both freshwater and marine fish species as intermediate or final hosts, and marine fish can harbour freshwater parasite species. This exchange of parasite species between marine and freshwater fish has probably resulted from ecological factors acting over short time scales rather than from evolutionary processes acting over longer time; the key factor probably being the immediate presence of suitable intermediate and definitive hosts. Marine fish were expected to harbour species-poor parasite communities consisting mainly of generalists acquired from the sympatric freshwater fish species, which would result in a nested pattern among the different component communities. However, an anti-nested pattern was found in the component communities of metazoan parasites of fishes from the Bothnian Bay. A likely explanation for the observed pattern is that there are specialist parasite species, the majority of which are cestodes, in some of the freshwater fish species which otherwise have depauperate parasite communities.
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Kabita, Fatima Nahar, Md Aminul Islam Bhuiyan, and Zannatun Nahar Jhinu. "A Checklist on the Protozoan Parasites of Freshwater Fishes of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 48, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v48i1.47873.
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The current work has been proposed to accumulate baseline information regarding prevalence, diversity and distribution of the protozoan parasites found in the freshwater fishes of Bangladesh from its inception to 2019. This is an attempt to compile a baseline data on protozoan parasites of freshwater fishes in Bangladesh. A total of thirty four articles were reviewed whereas sixteen articles reported systematic, taxonomic and morphometric analysis of protozoan parasites, five articles described seasonal parasitic infestation in carp fishes including protozoan parasites, seven articles reported overall parasitic infestation along with protozoan infection, three articles described protozoan infection in consort with the histo-pathological analysis, one article revealed the occurrence of one protozoan parasite named Trypanosoma sp. and one study described monthly fluctuation of overall parasitic infection together with protozoan infestation. A number of thirty four freshwater fish species under nine orders in Bangladesh were retrieved on the mentioned articles and found 48 species of protozoan parasites under 19 genera. Noticeably, parasites under genus Trichodina was frequently found in the freshwater fish species. Most of the parasites were found from the gills (micro-habited) of the host fish. To sum up, from this compilation a primary database of protozoan parasites of freshwater fish species might be expected to establish that will be supportive for further extensive study.
Bangladesh J. Zool. 48(1): 21-35, 2020
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EIRAS, JORGE C., RICARDO M. TAKEMOTO, GILBERTO C. PAVANELLI, and JOSÉ L. LUQUE. "Checklist of Protozoan parasites of fishes from Brazil." Zootaxa 3221, no. 1 (March 5, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3221.1.1.
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Provided is a list of the protozoan parasites of freshwater and marine fishes from Brazil. This report includes informationabout the site of infection, host habitat, localities and references of 100 parasite species (1 amoeba, 70 flagellates, 13 api-complexa and 16 ciliates) distributed among 112 different host species, mainly from freshwater. It is concluded that thediversity of protozoan parasites from Brazilian fish is understudied, and it is suggested that appropriate measures be taken in the research efforts to increase studies on the diversity of Protozoans parasites of fish from Brazil.
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Coelho Florindo, Maite, Gabriela Tomas Jeronimo, Lilian Dordete Steckert, Monyele Acchile, Eduardo Tavares Goncalves, Lucas Cardoso, and Mauricio Laterca Martins. "Protozoan parasites of freshwater ornamental fish." Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research 45, no. 5 (November 10, 2017): 948–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3856/vol45-issue5-fulltext-10.
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ÖKTENER, AHMET. "A checklist of metazoan parasites recorded in freshwater fish from Turkey." Zootaxa 394, no. 1 (December 23, 2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.394.1.1.
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A checklist of the metazoon parasites of freshwater fish in Turkey has been compiled from parasitological studies done in Turkey between 1964 and 2003. The parasite species list is arranged by phylum and class, providing parasite species name and author, host fish, location of host fish capture and author and date of published record. The host list consists of all parasite species listed by host species. One hundred and thirteen parasite species are listed from 41 host species belonging to 26 genera.
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VIOLANTE-GONZÁLEZ, JUAN, and M. LEOPOLDINA AGUIRRE-MACEDO. "Metazoan parasites of fishes from Coyuca Lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico." Zootaxa 1531, no. 1 (July 23, 2007): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1531.1.3.
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A total of 33 species of metazoan parasites were identified (31 helminth and 2 crustaceans) from 10 species of fish (n = 1,030) collected from Coyuca Lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico, between May 2001 and February 2003. Digeneans (7 adults and 11 larvae) dominated the parasite fauna. The most widespread species of parasite were: Digenea- Pseudoacanthostomum panamense, Diplostomum (Austrodiplostomum) compactum, Clinostomum complanatum; Nematoda- Contracaecum sp.; Branchiura- Argulus sp.; and Copepoda- Ergasilus sp. Species composition of the parasite fauna exhibited a clear freshwater influence; 57.5% (19/33) of the identified species have a freshwater distribution. This is the first survey of parasites of fish from this location and all reported species are new geographical host records for Coyuca Lagoon, Guerrero, Mexico.
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Eiras, Jorge da Costa. "Parasites of marine, freshwater and farmed fishes of Portugal: a review." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 25, no. 3 (September 2016): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612016057.
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Abstract An extensive literature review is made of the parasites in marine and freshwater fish in mainland Portugal, the Portuguese archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira, as well as in farmed fish. The host(s) of each parasite species, its location in the host, site of capture of the host, whenever possible, and all the available bibliographic references are described. The economic importance of some parasites and the zoonotic relevance of some parasitic forms are discussed. A general overview of the data is provided, and some research lines are suggested in order to increase and complement the current body of knowledge about the parasites of fish from Portugal.
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Hoai, Truong Dinh, Trinh Thi Trang, and Nguyen Thi Huong Giang. "The Effects of Short Freshwater Bath Treatments on the Susceptibility to Different Stages of Neobenedenia girellae Infecting Barramundi (Lates calcarifer)." Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 24, 2019): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31817/10.31817/vjas.2019.2.3.01.
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Neobenedenia girellae is one of the most pathogenic parasites affecting marine fish in captivity conditions. The use of chemicals for parasite prevention and treatment have several benefits; however, they can cause various negative side-effects. In an effort to discover cost-effective and sustainable practices, our current study was aimed at investigating the efficiency of freshwater treatments on N. girellae. A challenge test was conducted to produce infected fish which became materials for the freshwater immersion experiments. The duration and reaction of the parasites at different development stages from eggs to adult parasites were examined. Our findings revealed that 100% of the adults and oncomiracidia of N. girellae were killed quickly in freshwater. The eggs of N. girellae, however, were highly resistant to freshwater with a hatching success rate of more than 95% in all the freshwater immersion treatments (2, 5, 10 and 30min). The eggs hatched mainly on day 7 and finished hatching on day 8. Thus, the freshwater immersion method can be applied to treat N. girellae at most stages excepted for the egg stage. The best practical treatment for this parasite is to perform a replicated immersion recommended 8 days following the first treatment.
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Hoai, Truong Dinh, Trinh Thi Trang, and Nguyen Thi Huong Giang. "The Effects of Short Freshwater Bath Treatments on the Susceptibility to Different Stages of Neobenedenia girellae Infecting Barramundi (Lates calcarifer)." Vietnam Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 24, 2019): 409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31817/vjas.2019.2.3.01.
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Neobenedenia girellae is one of the most pathogenic parasites affecting marine fish in captivity conditions. The use of chemicals for parasite prevention and treatment have several benefits; however, they can cause various negative side-effects. In an effort to discover cost-effective and sustainable practices, our current study was aimed at investigating the efficiency of freshwater treatments on N. girellae. A challenge test was conducted to produce infected fish which became materials for the freshwater immersion experiments. The duration and reaction of the parasites at different development stages from eggs to adult parasites were examined. Our findings revealed that 100% of the adults and oncomiracidia of N. girellae were killed quickly in freshwater. The eggs of N. girellae, however, were highly resistant to freshwater with a hatching success rate of more than 95% in all the freshwater immersion treatments (2, 5, 10 and 30min). The eggs hatched mainly on day 7 and finished hatching on day 8. Thus, the freshwater immersion method can be applied to treat N. girellae at most stages excepted for the egg stage. The best practical treatment for this parasite is to perform a replicated immersion recommended 8 days following the first treatment.
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CIRTWILL, ALYSSA R., DANIEL B. STOUFFER, ROBERT POULIN, and CLÉMENT LAGRUE. "Are parasite richness and abundance linked to prey species richness and individual feeding preferences in fish hosts?" Parasitology 143, no. 1 (November 17, 2015): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201500150x.
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SUMMARYVariations in levels of parasitism among individuals in a population of hosts underpin the importance of parasites as an evolutionary or ecological force. Factors influencing parasite richness (number of parasite species) and load (abundance and biomass) at the individual host level ultimately form the basis of parasite infection patterns. In fish, diet range (number of prey taxa consumed) and prey selectivity (proportion of a particular prey taxon in the diet) have been shown to influence parasite infection levels. However, fish diet is most often characterized at the species or fish population level, thus ignoring variation among conspecific individuals and its potential effects on infection patterns among individuals. Here, we examined parasite infections and stomach contents of New Zealand freshwater fish at the individual level. We tested for potential links between the richness, abundance and biomass of helminth parasites and the diet range and prey selectivity of individual fish hosts. There was no obvious link between individual fish host diet and helminth infection levels. Our results were consistent across multiple fish host and parasite species and contrast with those of earlier studies in which fish diet and parasite infection were linked, hinting at a true disconnect between host diet and measures of parasite infections in our study systems. This absence of relationship between host diet and infection levels may be due to the relatively low richness of freshwater helminth parasites in New Zealand and high host–parasite specificity.
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Öktener, Ahmet. "Revision of Parasitic Helminths Reported in Freshwater Fish From Turkey with New Records." Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research 16, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 1–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/trser-2015-0001.
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AbstractThis new checklist is an update of helminths of freshwater fish from Turkey. The last publication of a checklist of helminth parasites of freshwater fish in Turkey was over 11 years ago (Öktener, 2003), and there have been a number of new records. This update includes additional records and allows for the correction of errors and omissions that were present in the preceding version. The revision literature indicated the occurrence of 123 parasite species which included 60 monogeneans, 20 digeneans, 20 cestodes, 11 nematodes, seven acanthocephalans, five annelids from 71 different wild fish (64 native, four transitional, three introduced fish) species from freshwater in Turkey. Parasites not identified to species level are listed separately, and not included in the resulting comments, because of reporting different host species. Cyprinidae, with 50 species, is the dominant family among the examined fish with regard to species diversity
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Yurakhno, V. M., and A. N. Özer. "History of formation and peculiarities of Ponto-Caspian fish myxosporean fauna." Marine Biological Journal 5, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2020.05.1.10.
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History of formation of Ponto-Caspian basin fish myxosporean fauna is examined. This work is based on our own material on myxosporean parasites of fish from the Black Sea (collected in 1987–2018) and the Sea of Azov (1997–2016). Totally, we have investigated 15 368 specimens of 87 species of fish (14 297 specimens of 80 species of fish in the Black Sea and 1071 specimens of 19 species of fish in the Sea of Azov). The material was collected by the method of incomplete parasitological dissections and treated by generally accepted methods. Also, all available literary sources on the myxosporean parasites of fish from the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov, and the Caspian Sea are analyzed (references list contains the most significant publications). A comparative analysis of fish myxosporean fauna in the Black Sea, the Sea of Azov, and the Caspian Sea is performed. It is stated that 108 parasite species are known in the Black Sea, 42 – in the Sea of Azov, and 68 – in the Caspian Sea. Number of myxosporean parasite species common for the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea is 32, for the Caspian and Black seas – 32, and for the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea – 20. Totally 16 species of myxosporean parasites are registered in all the mentioned seas. To date, of 108 myxosporean species of Black Sea region, 29 are registered only in freshwater fish in the estuaries with considerable brackish water. For 79 myxosporean species, marine fish species serve as hosts; they are registered mainly in full-salt sea part, and 17 of them are of freshwater origin: 7 species are registered in freshwater fish and in euryhaline mullets; 1 parasitizes on freshwater and marine salmon fishes; the only hosts for 9 species are mullets or other marine fish species. Marine forms are represented by Pontic (22 species), Ponto-Azov (3), and Ponto-Caspian (2) endemics, as well as by Mediterranean invaders (35). Among freshwater myxosporeans, only 1 species is Black Sea endemic; 1 species is Ponto-Azov endemic, and most other species are widely represented in freshwater reservoirs. Among Mediterranean invaders, 23 species found in the Mediterranean Sea should be noted; 12 species still have not been registered in the Mediterranean Sea, mainly due to very few studies on this group of parasites. The fauna of Sea of Azov fish parasites includes 42 myxosporean species; 32 of them are found in the Black Sea, 20 – in the Caspian Sea. Totally 19 species belong to freshwater ones, and they are parasitic only in freshwater fish species. Ten species are of freshwater origin but can be registered in marine fish species (mostly in mullets, and one – in gobies). Of the freshwater species, one is Ponto-Azov endemic. Totally 13 myxosporean species are marine ones: 2 species are Sea of Azov endemics; 3 species are Ponto-Azov endemics; 8 species are Mediterranean invaders. Caspian Sea fauna includes 68 species of myxosporeans: 8 are marine ones (1 is ancient marine species; 1 is Ponto-Caspian endemic; 6 are brackish-water myxosporeans), and 60 are freshwater species. Five endemics of the Caspian Sea are known (2 of marine origin and 3 of freshwater origin). When moving from west to east (from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea), a gradual impoverishment of marine myxosporean fauna and its replacement by freshwater myxosporean species are observed. Impoverishment of Myxosporea species composition of the Sea of Azov and the Caspian Sea in comparison with the Black Sea one is also found.
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Kanchan, Chutharat, Puttachat Imjai, Nukoon Kanchan, Aonanong Chaiyara, and Kwanprasert Panchai. "Occurrence of parasitic and bacterial diseases in Thai freshwater fish." Journal of Agricultural and Crop Research 8, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33495/jacr_v8i10.20.168.
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The present study was aimed to investigate the occurrence of parasitic and bacterial diseases in some freshwater fish in NongBo reservoir, Maha Sarakham Province. The sampling was randomly collect from three sites by gillnets, bag nets and cast nets from the local fisherman during October 2015 to September 2016. A total of eight freshwater fish species were identified namely Oreochromis niloticus, Hampala dispar, Pristolepis fasciata, Trichopodus pectoralis, Anabas testudineus, Oxyeleotris marmorata, Channa striata and Clarias batrachus. The parasitic diseases found on the sampled fish specied were external parasites such as Trichodina sp., Dactylogyrus sp. and Digenea gen.sp. The bacterial diseases identified were Aeromonas hydrophila, Acinetobacter baumannii, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Serratia odorifera and Staphylococcus epidermis. The dominant species of bacterium was Aeromonas hydrophila. This study revealed that the natural fish stock could be risk from the fish pathogens both parasites and bacteria. Keywords: Reservoir, external parasite, fish pathogens.
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Lins, Débora C., Maria E. Meirelles, Olaf Malm, and Neuza R. W. Lima. "Mercury concentration in the freshwater bonefish Cyphocharax gilbert (Curimatidae) and its parasite the crustacean Riggia paranensis (Cymothoidae)." Neotropical Ichthyology 6, no. 2 (2008): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252008000200017.
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Fish parasites can accumulate heavy metals reaching higher concentrations than the host and may affect the host's bioaccumulation. The present study compared total mercury concentration in the liver and muscle of Cyphocharax gilbert and in the parasite Riggia paranensis sampled in the middle Itabapoana River, Brazil, also considering the reproductive stages of both fish and parasite. Mean concentrations of mercury in muscle of fish varied from 20.8 ng.g-1 in mature females to 38.1 ng.g-1 in post-spawning females. The mean concentrations in fish liver varied from 60.9 ng/g in post-spawning females to 110.4 ng.g-1 in infested males. The mean concentration of mercury in parasites varied from 26.2 ng.g-1 in specimens carrying early embryo to 39.5 ng.g-1 in specimens with eggs. Positive and significant associations (P<0.05) were found between the total mercury concentrations in parasites and muscle of host (both females and males), and between concentrations in parasites and in the liver of male hosts. These results suggest that R. paranensis can be used to indicate mercury levels in edible parts of C. gilbert.
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Reading, A. J., J. R. Britton, G. D. Davies, A. P. Shinn, and C. F. Williams. "Introduction and spread of non-native parasites with Silurus glanis L. (Teleostei: Siluridae) in UK fisheries." Journal of Helminthology 86, no. 4 (December 1, 2011): 510–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x11000642.
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AbstractDespite growing concern of the ecological risks posed by the European catfish Siluris glanis L. in freshwater fisheries, little information exists on the parasite fauna of this silurid catfish in Britain. Parasitological examinations of released S. glanis from four still-water fisheries in England revealed the presence of Thaparocleidus vistulensis (Siwak, 1932) and Ergasilus sieboldi (Nordmann, 1832), both non-native parasites, the latter known to be an important fish pathogen. This represents the first record of T. vistulensis from British freshwater fish. The human-assisted movement of S. glanis between UK recreational still-water fisheries provides a clear avenue for the introduction and spread of non-native parasites.
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Tavares-Dias, Marcos, Miguel Benedito Ferreira Dias-Júnior, Alexandro Cezar Florentino, Luís Mauricio Abdon Silva, and Alan Cavalcanti da Cunha. "Distribution pattern of crustacean ectoparasites of freshwater fish from Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 24, no. 2 (June 2015): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612015036.
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The purpose of this study was to use the informations relating to parasite crustaceans species that was published over the course of one century (1913 to 2013), in order to search for infestation and distribution patterns among these ectoparasites in Brazilian freshwater fish species. This search was carried out on 445 samples of 119 host fish of 27 families within the orders Characiformes, Perciformes, Clupeiformes, Mugiliformes, Osteoglossiformes, Symbranchiformes, Tetraodontiformes and Siluriformes from various regions of Brazil. We organized different host-parasite systems into matrices grouping species at different taxonomic and infestation levels and according to host parameters. Five families of parasites (Ergasilidae, Argulidae, Lernaeidae, Lernaeopodidae and Cymothoidae) distributed into 76 species of 27 genera were analyzed in the host samples, which presented dominance of Ergasilidae species, mainly from the genus Ergasilus. Some crustaceans are host and site-specific, especially in relation to fish in particular habitats and lifestyles (e.g. Perulernaea gamitanae, Anphira branchialis and Riggia paranensis), while other parasites frequently have no preference (e.g. Lernaea cyprinacea and Braga patagonica). We found broadly similar distribution patterns for some crustacean species among the different localities, whereas other species showed well-defined geographical patterns, and these findings were discussed.
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Paterson, Rachel A., Gustavo P. Viozzi, Carlos A. Rauque, Verónica R. Flores, and Robert Poulin. "A Global Assessment of Parasite Diversity in Galaxiid Fishes." Diversity 13, no. 1 (January 14, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13010027.
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Free-living species often receive greater conservation attention than the parasites they support, with parasite conservation often being hindered by a lack of parasite biodiversity knowledge. This study aimed to determine the current state of knowledge regarding parasites of the Southern Hemisphere freshwater fish family Galaxiidae, in order to identify knowledge gaps to focus future research attention. Specifically, we assessed how galaxiid–parasite knowledge differs among geographic regions in relation to research effort (i.e., number of studies or fish individuals examined, extent of tissue examination, taxonomic resolution), in addition to ecological traits known to influence parasite richness. To date, ~50% of galaxiid species have been examined for parasites, though the majority of studies have focused on single parasite taxa rather than assessing the full diversity of macro- and microparasites. The highest number of parasites were observed from Argentinean galaxiids, and studies in all geographic regions were biased towards the highly abundant and most widely distributed galaxiid species, Galaxias maculatus. Parasite diversity generally increased with the number of studies and individual fish examined, however studies which examined parasites from all body tissues could overcome the effects of low study effort. In order to promote further understanding of galaxiid–parasite biodiversity, we provide a series of recommendations, including the use of molecular techniques to verify parasite identity, and highlight the future roles both fish biologists and parasitologists can play.
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Salgado-Maldonado, Guillermo, Juan Manuel Caspeta-Mandujano, František Moravec, Eduardo Soto-Galera, Rocío Rodiles-Hernández, Guillermina Cabañas-Carranza, and Jesús Montoya-Mendoza. "Helminth parasites of freshwater fish in Chiapas, Mexico." Parasitology Research 108, no. 1 (October 28, 2010): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-010-2035-3.
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Jerônimo, GT, SB Pádua, D. Bampi, ELT Gonçalves, P. Garcia, MM Ishikawa, and ML Martins. "Haematological and histopathological analysis in South American fish Piaractus mesopotamicus parasitized by monogenean (Dactylogyridae)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 74, no. 4 (November 2014): 1000–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.09513.
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Monogeneans are the parasites mostly found on the body surface and gills of fish and can cause large losses in farmed fish. Some studies demonstrate elevated parasitic levels causing hematological alterations. But few of them relate the effects of parasitism on the hematology and histopathology of native freshwater farmed fish. This study evaluated the host-parasite relationship in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) parasitized by the monogenean Anacanthorus penilabiatus. Hematological and parasitological assessments were obtained in 60 fish captured in a fish farm located in Dourados, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil. Fish were analyzed in different categories of parasite number: class I (n=13; 0-200 parasites), class II (n=17; 201-1200 parasites); class III (n=7; 1201-2200 parasites); and class IV (n=23; more than 2200 parasites per host). The highest levels of parasitism caused significant decrease (p<0.05) in the hematocrit, red blood cells (RBC), mean hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and basophils number. Thrombocytes, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), monocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils and LG-PAS did not present significant difference among the parasitic levels. In contrast, increased number of total leukocytes and lymphocytes were found in highly-parasitized fish. A positive linear correlation (p<0.01) was found between the amount of parasites and fish weight. Histopathology revealed severe hyperplasia, sub-epithelial edema, fusion of the secondary lamellae, focal and multifocal necrosis in highly parasitized fish.
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Yamada, Fabio Hideki, and Ricardo Massato Takemoto. "Metazoan parasite fauna of two peacock-bass cichlid fish in Brazil." Check List 9, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/9.6.1371.
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A parasitological study of two freshwater cichlid fish of the genus Cichla (C. kelberi and C. piquiti) from six different aquatic ecosystems in Brazil was performed. Based on the survey, a checklist of the component community of the metazoan parasites of each of the two peacock-bass fish species was produced. Fish were collected from May 2009 to April 2011 in six Brazilian aquatic ecosystems using gillnets of different mesh sizes or angling using standardized effort. In total, six groups of parasites were collected: Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda, Copepoda and Branchiura. Among the groups of parasites found, nematodes presented the greatest number of species, with seven. The study lists new records of parasites in C. kelberi and C. piquiti, and new biogeography records of parasites in six different aquatic ecosystems in Brazil. The present paper collaborates with the study of conservation biology by adding new records of parasite species.
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Konovalov, S. M. "Parasites as indicators of biological processes, with special reference to sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, S1 (August 1, 1995): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-528.
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This paper reviews the applicability of parasites as indicators in studying the biology of their hosts, using examples drawn primarily from the extensive research that has been conducted on the sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) by scientists of the former Soviet Union and Canada. The data obtained by these researchers has contributed to our knowledge of the feeding and wintering migrations of populations, i.e., local stock complexes, of sockeye and other Pacific salmon. In some local stocks of sockeye salmon, millions of fish carry such biological tags as specific parasites and scale marks that facilitate the study of their seasonal migrations. Parasite indicators are also useful in distinguishing fish of various subpopulations and trophic groups within populations of freshwater species, while an analysis of the parasite fauna of juvenile fish may reveal those fish hosts that inhabited the river in the recent geological past but are now locally extinct. In regulating subpopulations of sockeye salmon, parasites are the effect rather than the cause of mortality. The above examples are evidence of the successful application of parasites for studying biological processes.
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Putri Desi Wulan Sari, Kismiyati,. "Variasi Morfologi Holdfast Lernaea Yang Menyerang Ikan Gurami Di Jawa Timur [Morphological Variation Of Lernaea Holdfast Infest Gouramy In East Java]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 6, no. 1 (January 19, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v6i1.11390.
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Abstract Lernaeosis is one of the parasitic diseases in freshwater fish caused by Lernaea cyprinacea. These parasites infest many freshwater fish. Identification of parasites carried by observing the morphology of holdfast as an attachment organ. This study aims to make observations on the variation of morphology of Lernaea holdfast's in East Java and the identification of Lernaea infest gouramy in East Java.
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Shamsi, S., A. Stoddart, L. Smales, and S. Wassens. "Occurrence of Contracaecum bancrofti larvae in fish in the Murray–Darling Basin." Journal of Helminthology 93, no. 05 (July 18, 2018): 574–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x1800055x.
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AbstractThere is a paucity of information on the diversity and occurrence of freshwater fish parasites in Australia. This study investigates the distribution and occurrence of a parasitic nematode of the genusContracaecumin freshwater fish from south-eastern Australia. Fish (n= 508) belonging to nine species and eight families were collected from eight wetlands associated with the Murrumbidgee River floodplain in the southern Murray–Darling Basin and subjected to laboratory examination. Third-stage nematode larvae were found in eight of the nine fish species. The exception was the fly-specked hardeyhead (Craterocephalus stercusmuscarum), although only one specimen of this species was examined. Nematode larvae were identified asContracaecum bancroftiusing a combined morphological and molecular approach. The parasite was most prevalent in weather loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus; 34.8%) and Australian smelt (Retropinna semoni; 21.4%), followed by carp (Cyprinus carpio; 9.5%), of which the former and latter are non-native species.Contracaecumprevalence differed between locations, with Two Bridges having the highest number of infected fish. This may be due to the higher number of suitable host species collected at these localities.Contracaecumspp. are parasites with low host specificity that have also been reported in Australian marine fish, humans and piscivorous birds. The high parasite prevalence in the two abundant non-native fish species in the region suggests that they act as a suitable host for this endemic parasite, resulting in the increase in the parasite population. It would be interesting to study host–parasite interactions in this area, especially if introduced fish populations declined dramatically in the attempt to eradicate them or control their population.
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UCHANG, FELLICIA INCHING, YANG LEE, FREDDY KUOK SAN YEO, and YEE LING CHONG. "Fish Endoparasites from Streams near Paddy Fields in Serian and Padawan, Western Sarawak." Trends in Undergraduate Research 2, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): a7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/tur.1547.2019.
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The fish health status and parasitic infection in paddy fields are understudied in Borneo. This study was done to compare the prevalence and abundance of parasites on freshwater fishes in the upstream and downstream rivers of paddy fields. Parasite study on freshwater fishes was done by collecting live fish samples using ten minnow traps with baits at each site in Serian and Padawan, Sarawak, from October 2017 until March 2018. A total of 120 freshwater fishes were examined during this study period. Cold anaesthesia was applied on live samples prior to ectoparasite and endoparasite microscopic screening, which involved scraping of outer body mucous and removal of fish intestines, respectively. No ectoparasites were recovered from the fish samples. A total of 19 (15.83%) fishes from Cyprinids were infected with endoparasites. From these, 58 individuals of endoparasites were recovered. Two groups of parasites, namely Nematoda (Cucullanus sp.) and Trematoda (unidentified), were recovered from the fish intestines. From this study, there was a significant difference between the upstream fishes and downstream fishes in their endoparasite infection at both Triboh Village (p = 0.035) and Annah Rais Village (p = 1.445 × 10-6) using two samples t-test. The endoparasite abundance in fish was higher in the streams where there was less human disturbance. This study may serve as a baseline study on the parasitic infections of freshwater fishes in streams near paddy fields or other agricultural area in Sarawak.
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Osimen, E. C., and L. I. Anagha. "Endoparasites of fresh water fishes from rivers in Edo State, Nigeria." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 18, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v18i4.3.
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Parasites of fish constitute one of the major problems to fish health. Parasites of fish have been a great concern since they often cause disease conditions in fishes. This study described the parasitic faunas of eight fresh water bodies in Edo state (Ikpoba river, Ogba river, Ujogba river, Niger river at Illushi, Obe river, Gelegele river, Niger river at Agenebode and Osomegbe river). The duration of fish sampling was from October, 2017 to November, 2017.The fish samples (whole catch sourced from fishermen) were collected for identification, morphometric analysis and examination for the presence of parasites. One-way ANOVA and Tukey Honest Test were used to compare the data among size classes at the level of p <0.05. Three orders (Lepidosirenformes, Siluriformes and Polyteriformes), eight families (Protopteridae, Clariddidae, Channiddae, Polypterididae, Melapteridae, Clarotidae, Cichlidae and Lorcariidae) and fourteen genera were examined. The study had an overall prevalence of 25.34%. The highest prevalence of fish parasitic infection was recorded in Niger river along Agenebode. Overall, parasite taxa recovered were nematodes (65.50%), trematodes (27.00%), cestodes (4.27%) and acanthcephalans (3.27%). The most infected fish species was Clarias gariepenus (13.77%). The helminth taxa (nematodes) had the highest prevalence of parasites (65.50%). The largest number of parasites isolated was Camallanus cotti (30.43%) and Procamallanus laevionchus (17.39%). This study showed river Niger at Agenebode with most parasitic prevalence, nematodes as the most prevalent parasitic taxa and Clarias gariepenus as the most infected fish species.
Keywords: Edo state, Freshwater fishes, Fish parasites, Helminths, Parasite taxa, Nigeria
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Bibi, Fehmeeda, Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani, Mazhar Ayaz, Mudasser Nazir, Atif Nisar Ahmad, Mian Muhammad Awais, Bushra Nisar Khan, and Masood Akhtar. "Occurrence of endoparasites in some selected fishes of Chenab river, Pakistan." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 46, no. 1 (July 26, 2018): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v46i1.37626.
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The current study was carried out to evaluate prevalence of endoparasites in freshwater fishes of Chenab River. The fish samples were collected from Chenab River during November 2014 to March 2015. In total, 285 fishes were examined for parasites, of which 75 fishes (26.1% of the total sample) were infected with parasites. Among the species, prevalence of infection was maximum in Rita rita (60%) and in Labeo rohita (37.5%). The minimum prevalence was, however, recorded in Oreochromis aureus (16.7%) and no parasite was found in Mastacembatus armatus. Among the organs, highest prevalence of endoparasites was observed in the intestine (43%) and gall bladder (33.2%). The prevalence of nematode and trematode was found higher (29 and 21%, respectively) in all fishes. It was revealed that the diversity of endoparasites in freshwater fishes is high. Since the use of fish as a ready source of food is increasing, therefore, the overall health status of fish in a system is becoming more valuable.Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(1): 53-61, 2018
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Mancini, Miguel, Cesar Bucco, Victor Salinas, Alejandro Larriestra, Ruben Tanzola, and Silvia Guagliardo. "Seasonal variation of parasitism in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis (Atheriniformes, Atherinopsidae) from La Viña reservoir (Córdoba, Argentina)." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 17, no. 1 (March 2008): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612008000100006.
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The pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis is the most important freshwater fish of Argentina central region. The present study was conducted to describe the seasonal variation of parasitism in O. bonariensis from La Viña reservoir (31º 17'S, 65º 01'W), located in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. Between years 1999 and 2002, 573 fishes were caught, and their parasite infection and relative weight (Wr) were assesed. Three parasites were found, Lernaea cyprinacea (Crustacea), Contracaecum spp. larvae (Nematoda) and Cangatiella macdonaghi (Cestoda). Overall, Contracaecum spp. prevalence and intensity were very low. Lernaea cyprinacea and Cangatiella macdonaghi prevalences increased during summer and spring (P < 0.01), respectively. Lernaea cyprinacea infection showed also seasonal differences in intensity (P < 0.05), as well as C. macdonaghi regarding parasites density (P < 0.01). Cangatiella macdonaghi average parasites density was 32.0 (±22.5) cestodes per cm³ of digestive content. No association between parasitism and fish relative weight was found. Besides the seasonality variations observed, the parasite burden found did not compromise fish body condition.
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JOBLING, S., and C. R. TYLER. "Endocrine disruption, parasites and pollutants in wild freshwater fish." Parasitology 126, no. 7 (March 2003): S103—S107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182003003652.
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Disruption of the endocrine system has been shown to occur in wild freshwater fish populations across the globe. Effects range from subtle changes in the physiology and sexual behaviour of fish to permanently altered sexual differentiation, impairment of gonad development and/or altered fertility. A wide variety of adverse environmental conditions may induce endocrine disruption, including sub-optimal temperatures, restricted food supply, low pH, environmental pollutants, and/or parasites. Furthermore, it is conceivable that any/all of these factors could act simultaneously to cause a range of disparate or inter-related effects. Some of the strongest evidence for a link between an adverse health effect, as a consequence of endocrine disruption, and a causative agent(s) is between the condition of intersex in wild roach (Rutlius rutilus) in UK rivers and exposure to effluents from sewage treatment works. The evidence to indicate that intersex in roach (and other cyprinid fish living in these rivers) is caused by chemicals that mimic and/or disrupt hormone function/balance in treated sewage effluent is substantial. There are a few parasites that affect the endocrine system directly in fish, including the tape worm Ligula intestinalis and a few parasites from the micropsora phylum. L. intestinalis acts at the level of the hypothalamus restricting GnRH secretion (resulting in poorly developed gonads) and is one of the very few examples where an endocrine disrupting event has been shown to result in a population-level effect (reducing it). It is well established that many parasites affect the immune system and thus the most common effect of parasites on the endocrine system in fish is likely to be an indirect one.
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LIMA, L. B., S. BELLAY, H. C. GIACOMINI, A. ISAAC, and D. P. LIMA-JUNIOR. "Influence of host diet and phylogeny on parasite sharing by fish in a diverse tropical floodplain." Parasitology 143, no. 3 (December 9, 2015): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118201500164x.
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SUMMARYThe patterns of parasite sharing among hosts have important implications for ecosystem structure and functioning, and are influenced by several ecological and evolutionary factors associated with both hosts and parasites. Here we evaluated the influence of fish diet and phylogenetic relatedness on the pattern of infection by parasites with contrasting life history strategies in a freshwater ecosystem of key ecological importance in South America. The studied network of interactions included 52 fish species, which consumed 58 food types and were infected with 303 parasite taxa. Our results show that both diet and evolutionary history of hosts significantly explained parasite sharing; phylogenetically close fish species and/or species sharing food types tend to share more parasites. However, the effect of diet was observed only for endoparasites in contrast to ectoparasites. These results are consistent with the different life history strategies and selective pressures imposed on these groups: endoparasites are in general acquired via ingestion by their intermediate hosts, whereas ectoparasites actively seek and attach to the gills, body surface or nostrils of its sole host, thus not depending directly on its feeding habits.
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Poulin, Robert. "Greater diversification of freshwater than marine parasites of fish." International Journal for Parasitology 46, no. 4 (April 2016): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.12.002.
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Tonguthai, Kamonporn. "Control of freshwater fish parasites: a Southeast Asian perspective." International Journal for Parasitology 27, no. 10 (October 1997): 1185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(97)00116-1.
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Hoshino, Érico de Melo, Maria Danielle Figueiredo Guimarães Hoshino, and Marcos Tavares-Dias. "Parasites of ornamental fish commercialized in Macapá, Amapá State (Brazil)." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 27, no. 1 (February 19, 2018): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612018002.
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Abstract This study investigated the parasites fauna of four freshwater ornamental fish species in aquarium shops of Macapá, Amapá State, in addition to survey the commercialized fish species and sanitary conditions of aquarium shops. Different native and non-native ornamental fish species were found in aquarium shops, mainly Poecilidae. We examined 30 specimens of Xiphophorus maculatus, 30 Danio rerio, 30 Paracheirodon axelrodi, and 30 Corydoras ephippifer for parasites. Of the 120 fish examined, 22.5% were parasitized by one or more species and a total of 438 parasites were collected and identified. Parasites such as: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Monogenea, undermined Digenea metacercariae, Acanthostomum sp. metacercariae, Camallanus spp., Bothriocephalus acheilognathi and Echinorhynchus sp. infected the hosts examined. Endoparasites in the larval stage showed the greatest diversity and Camallanus spp. was found in all hosts species examined. Paracheirodon axelrodi (43.3%) was the most parasitized host, while C. ephippifer (6.7%) was the least parasitized. Despite the low ectoparasites level, six species of endoparasites was observed, demonstrating that prophylactic and quarantine procedures were not fully adequate. Therefore, failures in prophylactic procedures on any link in the production industry of ornamental fish may cause parasite transmission to ornamental fish captured in different environments and localities.
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Terui, Akira, Keita Ooue, Hirokazu Urabe, and Futoshi Nakamura. "Parasite infection induces size-dependent host dispersal: consequences for parasite persistence." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1866 (November 2017): 20171491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1491.
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Host dispersal is now recognized as a key predictor of the landscape-level persistence and expansion of parasites. However, current theories treat post-infection dispersal propensities as a fixed trait, and the plastic nature of host's responses to parasite infection has long been underappreciated. Here, we present a mark–recapture experiment in a single host–parasite system (larval parasites of the freshwater mussel Margaritifera laevis and its salmonid fish host Oncorhynchus masou masou ) and provide, to our knowledge, the first empirical evidence that parasite infection induces size-dependent host dispersal in the field. In response to parasite infection, large fish become more dispersive, whereas small fish tend to stay at the home patch. The observed plasticity in dispersal is interpretable from the viewpoint of host fitness: expected benefits (release from further infection) may exceed dispersal-associated costs for individuals with high dispersal ability (i.e. large fish) but are marginal for individuals with limited dispersal ability (i.e. small fish). Indeed, our growth analysis revealed that only small fish hosts incurred dispersal costs (reduced growth). Strikingly, our simulation study revealed that this plastic dispersal response of infected hosts substantially enhanced parasite persistence and occupancy in a spatially structured system. These results suggest that dispersal plasticity in host species is critical for understanding how parasites emerge, spatially spread, and persist in nature. Our findings provide a novel starting point for building a reliable, predictive model for parasite/disease management.
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Onoja-Abutu, Agatha Eleojo, Martin Abdubala Okpanachi, Luay Alkazmi, Clement Ameh Yaro, and Gaber El-Saber Batiha. "Branchial Chamber and Gastrointestinal Tracts Parasites of Fish Species in Benue and Niger Rivers, North Central, Nigeria." International Journal of Zoology 2021 (March 4, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6625332.
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Freshwater fish species are posing health challenges by either serving as host of parasites that are harmful to man and animals. This study was conducted to determine the parasitic profile of the branchial and gastrointestinal tracts of freshwater fish species from Niger and Benue rivers at Lokoja. These fish species are Tilapia zillii, Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias species, Synodontis schall, and Megalops atlanticus. Fish samples were collected within a period of 12 months, and the species and sex of the fish were identified. The two opercula of each fish were removed and examined for parasites; parasites recovered were preserved in 0.7% physiological saline. Gastrointestinal tracts were removed from each fish, placed in physiological saline, and examined microscopically for parasites. Prevalence of parasites was calculated. The chi-square test was used to compare prevalence of parasites according to sexes, body parts examined, fish species, and parasites species, while the t-test was used to compare between gills and intestines of each fish species. The chi-square test was used to determine if any significant difference exists in prevalence between the sexes, body parts, fish species, and parasites species, while the t-test was used to determine if any significant difference exists in prevalence between the gills and intestines of each fish species. A total of seven parasites species were harboured in branchial chamber and gastrointestinal tracts of fish species from rivers Niger and Benue: Clinostomum sp. (trematode), Camallanus sp. (nematode), Capillaria sp., Rhabdochona congolensis (nematode), Contracaecum sp. (nematode), Proteocephalus sp. (cestode), and Spinitectus guntheri. T. zillii (81 (95.3%)) had the highest prevalence, while O. niloticus, Clarias sp., S. schall, and M. atlanticus had prevalence of 87 (89.7%), 96 (80.0%), 48 (70.6%), and 27 (38.6%), respectively. Out of the total fish samples examined, females (191 (80.3%)) were observed to harbour more parasites than males (148 (73.3%)). The gastrointestinal tracts (287 (65.2%)) significantly harboured more parasites than branchial chamber (52 (11.8%)). Fish species in rivers Niger and Benue are highly infected with parasites. Fish consumers should subject the fish to proper processing before consumption, as some of these parasites are of zoonotic importance.
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Košuthová, L., Ľ. Šmiga, M. Oros, D. Barčák, and P. Košuth. "The pathogenic Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934 (Cestoda) in the Red discus (Symphysodon discus)." Helminthologia 52, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/helmin-2015-0044.
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Abstract The Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934, was detected for the first time in breeding of discus fish Symphysodon discus (Perciformes, Cichlidae), a popular South American cichlid. In examined samples, the adult and juvenile cestodes of B. acheilognathi with mean intensity of infection 30 (range 19 - 47) individuals per fish were found. The infected fish displayed acute behavioral symptoms. Mortality was significant; it reached almost 80 % in youngest age categories. As treatment, praziquantel immersions in dose 2 mg per liter were well tolerated and efficacious. The risk of spreading pathogens via imported fish is actual menace for ornamental breeding fish, therefore, thorough quarantine and prophylactic measures needs to be done by all fish imports and introductions. Import and subsequent release of infected ornamental fish into freshwater ecosystems may represent serious risk for spread and establishment of the parasite in native fish species. This case study illustrates that ornamental fish play also a key role in national and international movements of parasites in freshwater habitats.
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Hossain, MK, KT Islam, MD Hossain, and MH Rahman. "Environmental Impact Assessment of Fish Diseases on Fish Production." Journal of Science Foundation 9, no. 1-2 (April 18, 2013): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v9i1-2.14655.
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The present research work was conducted from July 2008 to June 2009 to investigate intensity of infestation of parasites in freshwater fishes and the impact of fish diseases on fish production in northern region of Bangladesh. Possibility of out break of diseases due to deterioration of environmental factors of water bodies was included in this study. The diseases identified were ulcer diseases, EUS (Epizootic Ulcerative Syndrome), Ichthyophthiriasis, Trichodiniasis, Chilodoneliasis, Myxoboliasis, Dactylogyrosis, Gyrodactylosis, Argulosis, Pernicious anaemia, Red spot disease, Red Pest of freshwater eel, Mouth fungus, Branchiomysis, Abdominal dropsy and whirling disease. The infestation more occurred in young fishes than in adult fishes. The overall water qualities of water bodies fluctuated from July 2008 to June 2009. Physicochemical parameters have more or less significant combined effect on the deterioration of water quality as well as fish diseases. Gills were the most affected sites and parasites damaged gill filaments by rupturing blood capillaries, causing necrosis, coagulation and hemorrhage. The present study revealed the prevalence of different organisms in fishes, which are potential pathogen for them. Fishes were infested by parasites and other pathogens. From overall study it was observed that the parasites, bacteria and fungus were most important pathogen for outbreak of diseases. It was also observed that there was a direct relation between disease outbreak among fishes and environmental factors. Low alkalinity reduces the buffer capacity of water and badly affects the pond ecosystem, which in turn cause stress to the fish and become more susceptible to diseases. In case of low aquatic environmental temperature fish reduces metabolic activities, which in turn makes the fish more susceptible during the winter period towards parasitic infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v9i1-2.14655 J. Sci. Foundation, 9(1&2): 125-131, June-December 2011
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Valtonen, E. Tellervo, and Markku Julkunen. "Influence of the transmission of parasites from prey fishes on the composition of the parasite community of a predatory fish." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, S1 (August 1, 1995): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-531.
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Helminth parasites and diet of seven freshwater fishes (Lota lota and six common prey species) from the Bothnian Bay, Baltic Sea, were studied monthly or bimonthly during 1978. Twenty-one of the 32 parasites with complex life cycles were shared between Lota lota and its prey fishes and are thus transmissible from prey to predator. Gymnocephalus cernuus and L. lota had the greatest number of shared species (13). Larval and adult cestodes, nematodes, and acanthocephalans could re-establish in the predator, but only one adult trematode was capable of this transition. Infracommunity species diversity was highest in L. lota (eH′ = 3.54), which also had the most species (24), the highest mean number of species and individuals of a given species per fish (6.3 and 62, respectively), and the greatest number of worms in one fish (520). Variety of diet was key in determining exposure to parasite species. However, most specificity finally determined if a given parasite could establish and mature. No ecologically explicable suites of parasites were found in any fish species, except in a few cases where parasites used related intermediate hosts. However, the composition of these suites was not retained in the predator. Unlike in L. lota, important parasites of prey fishes were typically specialists.
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POULIN, R. "Relative infection levels and taxonomic distances among the host species used by a parasite: insights into parasite specialization." Parasitology 130, no. 1 (December 13, 2004): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182004006304.
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Parasites often exploit more than one host species at any stage in their life-cycle, but the extent to which these host species are used varies greatly. Parasites typically achieve their highest prevalence, intensity and/or abundance in one host species (the principal host), whereas infection levels in auxiliary hosts range from relatively high to very low. The present study examines what influences the distribution of parasite individuals among their different host species, using metazoan parasites that use freshwater fish as their definitive or only host. Specifically, I test the hypothesis that differences in relative infection levels by a parasite among its auxiliary hosts are proportional to the taxonomic distance between the respective auxiliary hosts and the parasite's principal host. Taxonomic distance among hosts is a surrogate measure of their similarity in terms of ecology, physiology and immunology. Using data on 29 parasite species and 6 fish communities, for a total of 47 parasite-locality combinations, it was found that taxonomic distance between the auxiliary hosts and the principal host had no real influence on infection levels in auxiliary hosts, measured as either prevalence, intensity or abundance. The analysis revealed differences in the degree of specialization among major groups of parasites: in terms of abundance or intensity, auxiliary hosts were less important for cestodes than for nematodes and copepods. The lack of an effect of taxonomic distance may indicate that ecological similarity among host species, arising from convergence and not from relatedness, is more important than host phylogeny or taxonomy. Although the results are based on a limited number of parasite taxa, they suggest that parasites may be opportunistic in their colonization of new hosts, and not severely constrained by evolutionary baggage.
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Mhaisen, Furhan T., and Abdul-Razzak L. Al-Rubaie. "Checklists of Parasites of Farm Fishes of Babylon Province, Iraq." Journal of Parasitology Research 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7170534.
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Literature reviews of all references concerning the parasitic fauna of fishes in fish farms of Babylon province, middle of Iraq, showed that a total of 92 valid parasite species are so far known from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), and the silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) as well as from three freshwater fish species (Carassius auratus,Liza abu, andHeteropneustes fossilis) which were found in some fish farms of the same province. The parasitic fauna included one mastigophoran, three apicomplexans, 13 ciliophorans, five myxozoans, five trematodes, 45 monogeneans, five cestodes, three nematodes, two acanthocephalans, nine arthropods, and one mollusc. The common carp was found to harbour 81 species of parasites, the grass carp 30 species, the silver carp 28 species,L. abu13 species,C. auratusone species, andH. fossilisone species. A host-parasite list for each fish species was also provided.
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Khalil, Mokhtar Ibrahim, Ismail Saad El-Shahawy, and Hussein Saad Abdelkader. "Studies on some fish parasites of public health importance in the southern area of Saudi Arabia." Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 23, no. 4 (December 2014): 435–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-29612014082.
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The present study was the first attempt to survey the diversity of fish zoonotic parasites in the southern region of Saudi Arabia, particularly the Najran area, from October 2012 to October 2013. Approximately 163 fish representing seven species (two of freshwater fish and five of marine fish) were examined for fish-borne trematode metacercariae using the compression technique, and for zoonotic nematode larvae. Adult flukes were obtained from cats experimentally infected with the metacercariae on day 25 post-infection The prevalence of each parasite species was recorded. The parasites found belonged to two taxa: Digenea (Heterophyes heterophyes and Haplorchis pumilio) in muscle tissue; and nematodes (larvae of Capillaria sp.) in the digestive tract. The morphological characteristics of the fish-borne trematode metacercariae and their experimentally obtained adults were described. This is the first report of these parasites in fish in Saudi Arabia. Moreover, Myripristis murdjan presented higher prevalence of Capillaria sp. infection (22.7%), while Haplorchis pumilio was the dominant metacercarial species (7.9%). Although the number of documented cases continues to increase, the overall risk of human infection is slight. The increasing exploitation of the marine environment by humans and the tendency to reduce cooking times when preparing seafood products both increase the chances of becoming infected with these parasites. Furthermore, our results indicate that certain fish production systems are at risk of presenting fish zoonotic parasites, and that control approaches will benefit from understanding these risk factors.
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Whitaker, D. J. "A parasite survey of juvenile chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) from the Nanaimo River." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 2875–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-428.
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The sequence of parasite acquisition in a cohort of juvenile chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum), during their first few months of life is presented. Although no parasites were found in fish collected as downstream migrants, six of the species found in fish collected from other locations were of freshwater origin. Marine species were acquired shortly after entrance into the sea and prevalence and intensity increased with time. Ecological factors influencing the acquisition of the different species found are discussed.
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Catania, S. V. L., J. Koprivnikar, and S. J. McCauley. "Size-dependent predation alters interactions between parasites and predators." Canadian Journal of Zoology 94, no. 9 (September 2016): 631–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-2016-0088.
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Increasing evidence indicates that parasites play an important role within many systems as prey for higher trophic levels. Predation on parasites can decrease their numbers and may affect host infection rates. Cercariae, a free-living infectious stage of trematode parasites, are abundant in freshwater systems and are directly consumed by a number of freshwater predators. However, few studies have tested whether predators exhibit a preference for cercariae when alternative prey are available or how these preferences vary across predator body sizes. We assessed whether dragonfly larvae (dot-tailed whiteface, Leucorrhinia intacta (Hagen, 1861)), top predators in freshwater systems without fish, foraged preferentially when presented with two prey types, cercariae and zooplankton, and whether foraging preferences changed across predator body size. Body size of larval dragonfly predators was found to be significantly, and negatively, related to the fraction of cercariae in the diet. Larger bodied dragonfly larvae shifted their diet choice from cercariae to zooplankton. Changes in foraging selectivity as body size increases across a predator’s ontogeny can alter the strength of predator–prey interactions. Further investigation into size-selective foraging on parasites may provide new insights into the effects of predation on parasite abundance and transmission in natural systems.
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Ueda, Bruno H., Letícia C. Karling, Ricardo M. Takemoto, and Gilberto C. Pavanelli. "Parasites of the freshwater fish trade in Brazil: science metric study." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 33, no. 7 (July 2013): 851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2013000700004.
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This paper presents a science metric study of parasites of fish farming in Brazil, including a significant review of the literature. The methodology used was based on researching articles in three different databases, carried out on May 2012: ISI (Institute for Scientific Information), SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), and Google Academic. The number of articles on fish parasites is mounting (currently over 110), having much increased since 1995. However, the quantity is still low compared with the amount of papers on parasites of fish from natural environments. In Brazil, the farmed fish that have been studied the most are pacu, tilapia and tambaqui. Monogeneans represent the most prevalent group, followed by protozoa and crustaceans. The regions most researched were the southeast and south, making up 84% of the total literature. The main issue addressed in articles was pathology, followed by treatment and record. In conclusion, the treatment of parasitic diseases of farmed fish in Brazil is still incipient, highlighting the importance and usefulness of management practices to prevent the occurrence of health problems.
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Kohn, A., B. M. M. Fernandes, B. Macedo, and B. Abramson. "Helminths parasites of freshwater fishes from Pirassununga, SP, Brazil." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 80, no. 3 (September 1985): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761985000300009.
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Twelve species of parasitic helminths, seven trematodes, four nematodes and one acanthocephalan are reported from various hosts. Creptotrema lynchi, a parasite from Bufo marinus in Colombia, is described for the first time in fish and from Brazil, parasitizing two different species. A list of the host species, measurements and figures of most parasites are included with particular reference to the tegument of Bellumcorpus major recovered from a new host. The genus Zonocotyloides Padilha, 1978 is considered a synonym of Zonocotyle and the new combination: Zonocotyle haroltravassosi is proposed to the species Zonocotyloides haroltravassosi Padilha, 1978. The nematodes Cucullanus pinnai and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus and the trematode Pararhipidocotyle jeffersoni are reported in new hosts. The description of the acanthocephalan Neoechinorhynchus curemais (new locality record) is supplemented. Other parasites recovered include the nematodes Travnema travnema (new locality record), Rondonia rondoni and the digenetic trematodes Cladocystis intestinalis, Pseudosellacotyla lutzi (new locality record), Teratotrema sp. and Zonocotyle bicaecata.
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Poulin, Robert. "Parasite faunas of freshwater fish: The relationship between richness and the specificity of parasites." International Journal for Parasitology 27, no. 9 (September 1997): 1091–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7519(97)00070-2.
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LUQUE, J. L., and R. POULIN. "Metazoan parasite species richness in Neotropical fishes: hotspots and the geography of biodiversity." Parasitology 134, no. 6 (February 12, 2007): 865–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182007002272.
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SUMMARYAlthough research on parasite biodiversity has intensified recently, there are signs that parasites remain an underestimated component of total biodiversity in many regions of the planet. To identify geographical hotspots of parasite diversity, we performed qualitative and quantitative analyses of the parasite-host associations in fishes from Latin America and the Caribbean, a region that includes known hotspots of plant and animal biodiversity. The database included 10 904 metazoan parasite-host associations involving 1660 fish species. The number of host species with at least 1 parasite record was less than 10% of the total known fish species in the majority of countries. Associations involving adult endoparasites in actinopterygian fish hosts dominated the database. Across the whole region, no significant difference in parasite species richness was detected between marine and freshwater fishes. As a rule, host body size and study effort (number of studies per fish species) were good predictors of parasite species richness. Some interesting patterns emerged when we included only the regions with highest fish species biodiversity and study effort (Brasil, Mexico and the Caribbean Islands). Independently of differences in study effort or host body sizes, Mexico stands out as a hotspot of parasite diversity for freshwater fishes, as does Brasil for marine fishes. However, among 57 marine fish species common to all 3 regions, populations from the Caribbean consistently harboured more parasite species. These differences may reflect true biological patterns, or regional discrepancies in study effort and local priorities for fish parasitology research.
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Mhaisen, Furhan T., and Kefah N. Abdul-Ameer. "Checklists of Species of Ancylodiscoidid and Ancyrocephalid Monogeneans from Fishes of Iraq." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 32 (November 22, 2019): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2019.256.
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Surveying 59 references concerning the occurrence of the monogeneans of the families Ancylodiscoididae and Ancyrocephalidae parasitizing fishes of Iraq showed the occurrence of 11 taxa of the family Ancylodiscoididae (genera Ancylodiscoides, Bychowskyella, Chauhanellus, Hamatopeduncularia and Thaparocleidus) and 19 taxa of the family Ancyrocephalidae (genera Ancyrocephalus, Cichlidogyrus, Cleidodiscus, Haliotrema, Ligophorus and Mastacembelocleidus). These monogeneans were reported from 19 valid fish host species in Iraq. Apart from five parasite species which were recorded from marine habitats (Ancyrocephalus sp., Chauhanellus australis, Haliotrema mugilis, Hamatopeduncularia sp. and Ligophorus mugilinus), the remaining parasite species were recorded from freshwater habitats. Among the infected fishes with these parasites, the Tigris catfish Silurus triostegus was infected with the highest number of parasite species (11 species), the mugilid fishes (Planiliza abu and P. subviridis) were infected with eight and seven parasite species, respectively, while 11 fish species were infected with only one parasite species each. Among the parasite species, Thaparocleidus vistulensis was reported from nine fish host species, while 22 parasite species were reported from one host species each. So far, eight synonymous names were applied for seven valid names of parasites of these two families in Iraq.
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De León, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce, Rogelio Rosas-Valdez, Rogelio Aguilar-Aguilar, Berenit Mendoza-Garfias, Carlos Mendoza-Palmero, Luis García-Prieto, Aline Rojas-Sánchez, Rosario Briosio-Aguilar, Rodolfo Pérez-Rodríguez, and Omar Domínguez-Domínguez. "Helminth parasites of freshwater fishes, Nazas River basin, northern Mexico." Check List 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 026. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/6.1.026.
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This paper represents the first study of the helminth parasites of freshwater fishes from the Nazas River basin in northern Mexico. Between July 2005 and December 2008, 906 individual fish were collected and examined for helminth parasites in 23 localities along the river basin. Twenty-three species of fish were examined as a part of this inventory work. In total, 41 helminth species were identified: 19 monogeneans, 10 digeneans, seven cestodes, one acanthocephalan, and four nematodes. The biogeographical implications of our findings are briefly discussed.
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Aalberg, K., L. Koščová, Ľ. Šmiga, P. Košuth, J. Koščo, M. Oros, D. Barčák, and P. Lazar. "A Study of Fish Lice (Argulus Sp.) Infection in Freshwater Food Fish." Folia Veterinaria 60, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fv-2016-0030.
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Abstract Argulus sp., commonly referred to as fish lice, are crustacean ectoparasites of fishes. The hematophagous parasites attach to and feed off the integument of their hosts. Outbreaks of epizootics have been reported worldwide, causing mass mortalities and having serious economic implications for fish farms and culture efforts. Argulus fish lice may also serve as vectors of infectious diseases and as intermediate hosts of other parasites. Two native European species, A. foliaceus and A. coregoni, as well as the invasive Japanese fish louse A. japonicus, have previously been recorded in Slovakia. This study investigated samples collected at fish farms and culture sites of Common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.), Pike-perch (Sander lucioperca L.) and Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis M.) in Eastern Slovakia, as well as samples collected from live fish imported to the Slovak Republic. A quantitative description of the of Argulus sp. was recorded from each locality. Samples from Common carp were identified as the invasive A. japonicus, and samples from Pike-perch and Brook trout were identified as A. foliaceus. Evidence of a mixed infection of Pike-perch with both A. foliaceus and A. japonicus was found in samples from Zemplínska Šírava, which was substantiated by electron microscopic examination. Morphometric characteristics were measured and averages and ranges produced for each species and sex.
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Elseify, M. A. Elseify, I. S. El Shihawy, A. M. Metwally, and M. Fawaz. "STUDIES ON NEMATODE PARASITES INFECTING FRESHWATER FISH IN QENA GOVERNORATE." Kafrelsheikh Veterinary Medical Journal 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/kvmj.2015.109533.
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