Academic literature on the topic 'Freshwater fishes – Africa, Southern'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Freshwater fishes – Africa, Southern.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Freshwater fishes – Africa, Southern"
1
Norris, Steven M., and Paul H. Skelton. "A Complete Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Southern Africa." Copeia 1996, no. 3 (August 1, 1996): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1447548.
Full text
2
Coke, Mike. "A complete guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Southern Africa." African Journal of Aquatic Science 27, no. 1 (January 2002): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2002.9626577.
Full text
3
Turner, George F. "A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of Southern Africa." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 5, no. 3 (September 1995): 380–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00043010.
Full text
4
BORKENHAGEN, KAI. "Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Torini Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) from the Middle East and North Africa." Zootaxa 4236, no. 2 (February 22, 2017): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4236.2.4.
Full textAbstract:
Freshwater fishes of the cyprinid tribe Torini are widespread in Africa the Middle East and Indomalaya. The relationships of Middle-Eastern Torini are analysed based on mitochondrial markers (Cyt b, ND4) of the majority of relevant species. I present a larely well resolved phylogeny, which confirms the validity of the morphologically defined genera Arabibarbus, Carasobarbus, Mesopotamichthys and Pterocapoeta. The Torini originated in Indomalaya and colonised Africa via the Middle East. Morocco was colonised two times independently, first from sub-Saharan Africa and secondly along the southern margin of the Mediterranean Sea. The Tigris–Euphrates system is an important crossroad for the colonisation of the Jordan River, the Orontes River and the watercourses of the Arabian Peninsula by freshwater fishes. The Jordan lost its connection to the Euphrates earlier than the Orontes. The Arabian Peninsula was colonised from the Tigris–Euphrates system in at least two independent events.
5
Whitfield, Alan K. "Fishes and freshwater in southern African estuaries – A review." Aquatic Living Resources 18, no. 3 (July 2005): 275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr:2005032.
Full text
6
Skelton, PH. "Flagships and fragments — perspectives on the conservation of freshwater fishes in southern Africa." African Journal of Aquatic Science 25, no. 1 (January 2000): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/160859100780177929.
Full text
7
Mahmoud, Eshraga Dafa Alla, Saadia Ahemed Youins, Ahmed Mohammed Musa, and Abdlgader Mahammed Ahmed. "Anew Finding of Allocreadium Isoproum (Looss, 1902) (Digenea Allocreadinae) Parasite of the Stomach of Freshwater Fishes Tetraodon Fahaka from Jebel Aulia Dam Southern Khartoum, Sudan." Sustainability in Environment 2, no. 2 (April 13, 2017): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v2n2p142.
Full textAbstract:
<em>A species of Allocreadinae (Trematoda, Digenea) was found in the stomach of freshwater fish </em><em>“Tambar’’ Tetraodon fahaka (yousif), in Jebel Aulia Dam in the White Nile, southern Khartoum. The </em><em>species classified in the genus Allocreadium isoproum (Loss, 1902) as a first finding in the Sudanese </em><em>freshwater fishes the genus found from several freshwater fishes in Europe South America, Japan, and </em><em>India (Yamagutti, 1958). The present study it was the first report in the Sudan and Africa as all. The </em><em>objective of the study were to carryout the following characteristic to describe of parasites with </em><em>relevant classification, the measurement of determination of the prevalence rate density of infection </em><em>parasite.</em>
8
Skelton, P. H. "Changes to the scientific and common names of southern African freshwater fishes." African Journal of Aquatic Science 27, no. 2 (January 2002): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2002.9626588.
Full text
9
Taylor, Geraldine C., Jaclyn M. Hill, Michelle C. Jackson, Richard A. Peel, and Olaf L. F. Weyl. "Estimating δ15N fractionation and adjusting the lipid correction equation using Southern African freshwater fishes." PLOS ONE 12, no. 5 (May 24, 2017): e0178047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178047.
Full text
10
Kaulfuss, Uwe, Daphne E. Lee, Jeffrey H. Robinson, Graham P. Wallis, and Werner W. Schwarzhans. "A Review of Galaxias (Galaxiidae) Fossils from the Southern Hemisphere." Diversity 12, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12050208.
Full textAbstract:
The Galaxiidae is a Southern Hemisphere family of freshwater fish, considered to be of Gondwanan origin based on the current distribution of species in New Zealand, Australia (including Tasmania), New Caledonia, Africa, South America, and on some associated and subantarctic islands. The fossil record of galaxiids is extremely sparse and geographically restricted. The only galaxiid fossils currently known come from several Miocene lakes in southern New Zealand. They include more than 100 articulated fishes, some remarkably preserving soft parts such as eyes and skin, skulls and jaw components, and more than 200 isolated otoliths. Common coprolites and in situ preserved gut content at one site (Foulden Maar) indicate the different diets of larvae and adult fish. These discoveries reveal a diverse Galaxias fauna, the presence of lake-locked populations, ontogenetic diet shifts, and representatives of several non-migratory Galaxias lineages associated with inland streams and lakes. There are at least six Galaxias species based on macrofossils and six separate otolith-based species from varied volcanic and regional lacustrine environments. This diversity points to southern New Zealand as a centre of biodiversity and speciation in Galaxiidae in the early to late Miocene.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Freshwater fishes – Africa, Southern"
1
Scott, Lucy Elizabeth Powell. "The development of a geographic information systems based atlas of southern African freshwater fish, and its application to biogeographic analysis." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005099.
Full textAbstract:
A Geographic Information Systems (GIS) atlas of southern African freshwater fish was developed for the SADC countries from natural history collection specimens, hydrological, topographical and climatological data. The primary purpose of the development of the atlas of freshwater fish was the construction of a practical framework to transform vast amounts of existing biological data for use in research and management of aquatic resources. The database of freshwater fish collection specimens that was incorporated into the atlas, was developed in association with ALCOM (Aquatic Resources Management for Local Community Development Programme). The development of advanced computing and GIS technology has increased the scope of biological atlas projects by facilitating the integration of large amounts of spatial data to produce derived databases for specific applications. The atlas of freshwater fish was constructed using TNTmips GIS software as the most practical system available for managing and analysing biological data with a spatial component. The atlas contains 35 180 comprehensive distribution records of 735 species of fish. It has many applications as an inventory of ichthyofaunal spatial biodiversity, including those of conservation planning, environmental assessment and biogeographic research. Biogeographic studies have traditionally been subjective due to the logistical problems of working with large amounts of distribution data, although some small-scale quantitative research has been carried out in the past. The content of the atlas of freshwater fish is tested with respect to these previous studies, on known patterns of freshwater fish distributions, and the analytical capability of the atlas is tested and demonstrated with some new preliminary approaches to the analysis of freshwater fish distributions in southern Africa.
2
Mpherwane, Salome Kedibone. "An investigation into the allozyme genetic variation patterns among populations of freshwater fish from different river systems of Southern Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/910.
Full text
3
Potts, Warren Mason. "Towards the development of species-specific fish production models for small reservoirs in Southern Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005176.
Full textAbstract:
The fish populations in small southern African reservoirs are largely unexploited and there is potential for fisheries development. However, the development of sustainable fisheries requires reliable estimates of potential yield or production. Empirical models that have been developed to predict fish production only apply to large water bodies and only predict total fish production, not the production of individual species. Small reservoirs generally have few commercially important species and therefore species-specific fish production models are an alternative approach. The small reservoirs of the Eastern Cape are dominated by the moggel (Labeo umbratus). The principal objectives of this thesis were to gain an understanding of the ecology of small reservoirs and the function of moggel in these systems. This information was used to design a research approach to rapidly develop species-specific models for small reservoirs in southern Africa. The limnology of two small reservoirs was compared. During the study period the reservoirs were turbid and showed a warm, monomictic pattern of thermal stratification. Anthropogenic pressure in the reservoir catchments appeared to be the overriding factor increasing the nutrient input to the reservoirs and consequently, influencing the biomass of algae in the reservoirs. The feeding biology of moggel in Katriver and Laing reservoirs was examined. Moggel are detrivorous and successfully digested diatoms. The slower growth rate of moggel in Katriver reservoir was attributed to the poorer nutritional value of the diet as a consequence of the lower concentration of diatoms in the detrital aggregate. The reproductive characteristics of moggel were examined in four reservoirs. Moggel were able to reproduce successfully in the reservoirs. This could be attributed to their r-selected reproductive strategy, with a high fecundity and an extended spawning season and their ability to spawn in a floodplain environment. Differences in recruitment success between years were found to be a consequence of the timing and duration of seasonal rains. The number of mature females in a population and the availability of suitable spawning habitat influenced recruitment success. The life history of the moggel in five reservoirs was compared. Growth appeared to be related to food availability, while mortality was lower in the populations where food was abundant and there were less predatory species. Size and age at maturity were not affected by environmental factors, but were dependent on growth and mortality. Three contrasting methods were used to estimate moggel gillnet selectivity. The Sechin, direct fyke net method and length-structured model all yielded similar results and correction factors obtained from the selectivity study were applied to the gillnet data to estimate the fish population size and structure in each reservoir. Using information from the life history and selectivity studies, the biomass and production of five moggel populations was estimated and related to abiotic and biotic factors in the reservoirs and their catchments. Moggel biomass and production was dependent on the biomass of algae, which was dependent on morphoedaphic characteristics of the reservoirs. Small, shallow reservoirs with a reasonable amount of human habitation in their catchments would sustain the highest algal biomass and provided they had adequate spawning habitat would also have the highest moggel biomass and production. The future research requirements for small reservoir fisheries are outlined and include a three-year program to develop a species-specific production model for any of the dominant species.
4
Twentyman, Jones Vanessa. "Morphological variation and its taxonomic implications for insular populations of Pseudocrenilabrus philander (Pisces: Cichlidae)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005146.
Full textAbstract:
The cichlid fish Pseudocrenilabrus philander is widely distributed in southern Africa. Many of the populations occur in small, insular, geographically isolated water bodies, some of which are in arid areas. These small allopatric populations have been isolated for thousands of years and gene flow between them is non-existent or severely restricted. Populations were found to be different in terms of coloration, size of individuals, sexual dimorphism and behaviour. This thesis involved the determination of the taxonomic status of these isolated populations, from a morphological point of view. This has been part of a larger project, involving genetic and behavioural studies, to determine whether the different populations are geographic races of a single species, or whether they are species. Heritability of the observed differences was tested by breeding through three generations under uniform laboratory conditions. The populations from which wild-caught individuals were drawn could be identified on the basis of colour. There were some differences in anatomy between populations, but none of these were entirely distinctive for a particular population. When bred under laboratory conditions, populations did not show a tendency towards uniformity, as would be expected if morphological differences were environmentally induced. However, there were slight changes in the oral and pharyngeal bone form which may be diet related. Although there are morphological differences between populations and between wild-caught and laboratory-bred populations, it is suggested that the populations of P. philander are not fully differentiated and thus in the stages of incipient speciation. other studies on P. philander have introduced an element of uncertainty in that they show different results. Behavioural work suggests that different populations would behave as different species if they were to become sympatric. Karyological and mitochondrial studies showed that there were no differences between populations. Protein electrophoresis showed that populations were genetically unique. Since the various species and subspecies of Pseudocrenilabrus have been based on morphological criteria, the approach and conclusions in this study are based entirely on morphological criteria. These studies have practical implications for conservation, as some of the small populations are threatened with extinction. If the differences between the populations were ecophenotypic (i.e. related to their environment), then threats to some populations would not affect the conservation status of the species as a whole. If, however, such differences were genetic (i.e. the populations have evolved separately), then the extinction of small, isolated populations could mean the loss of actual species. This study strongly suggests that populations are incipient species and thus should be conserved.
5
Chakona, Albert. "Comparative biogeography and ecology of freshwater fishes in the Breede and associated river systems, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015694.
Full textAbstract:
Distribution patterns and levels of genetic diversity in extant taxa are a product of complex palaeogeographic processes and climatic oscillations as well as the species’ intrinsic ecological adaptations. The Cape Floristic Region of South Africa presents a unique system for studying the processes that promote species diversification and distribution patterns. This region has a high degree of endemism of both terrestrial and aquatic biota and is clearly isolated from neighbouring areas by the Cape Fold Mountains and the Great Escarpment. The objective of this study was to firstly examine the ecology of freshwater fishes belonging to the genera Galaxias, Pseudobarbus and Sandelia in the south-western CFR. This was followed by an assessment of the genetic diversity of these taxa. Unique lineages were identified and their distribution was mapped. The work aimed to explore the role of the region’s complex palaeogeographic and climatic history as well as the role of the species’ ecological adaptations in driving lineage diversification and shaping contemporary distribution patterns. The four main components of the study can be summarised as follows: 1. Habitat associations of three widely distributed lineages of Galaxias zebratus Pseudobarbus burchelli and Sandelia capensis were evaluated at multiple localities in minimally disturbed mountain tributaries of the Breede, Duiwenhoks and Goukou River systems. The lineages have distinct habitat associations which were related to differences in their morphological traits. The slender-bodied Galaxias ‘nebula’ and the fusiform-shaped Pseudobarbus ‘Breede’ are capable of exploiting upper reaches with faster water velocity. By contrast, the laterally compressed Sandelia ‘eastern’ is restricted to lower reaches, making this lineage more susceptible to a wide array of impacts. 2. A recently discovered lineage of Galaxias zebratus, (Galaxias ‘nebula’), was found to be capable of tolerating emersion for a prolonged period of time. This is the first time that such capabilities have been documented in an African galaxiid. These adaptations have implications for the interpretation of Galaxias ‘nebula’s wide distribution range. 3. The phylogeography of Galaxias ‘nebula’ across its entire distribution range was investigated using two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (cyt b)). This lineage has a complex evolutionary history that was influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Rare events such as episodic drainage connections during Pleistocene and Holocene pluvial periods, possibly augmented by river confluences during periods of lower sea-levels and river capture events seem to be the most credible explanation for the extensive contemporary distribution and the relatively shallow genetic divergence between different river systems. 4. Mitochondrial cyt b sequences were used (i) to assess genetic diversity in G. zebratus, P. burchelli and S. capensis from the south-western CFR and (ii) to determine the roles of intrinsic ecological adaptations and extrinsic landscape and climatic changes in promoting genetic diversification and shaping present day distribution patterns of lineages in the three taxa. Marine incursions during periods of major sea-level transgressions are proposed to have isolated populations in upland refugia, thereby driving allopatric divergence in these species. Subsequent connections of rivers during wetter periods and lower sea-levels are proposed to have facilitated post-speciation dispersal of lineages to attain present day distribution patterns. While detailed morphological studies and further genetic analysis are needed to substantiate the taxonomic status of the newly discovered lineages of Galaxias zebratus, Pseudobarbus burchelli and Sandelia capensis, results of the present study indicate that the south-western CFR represents a previously unrecognised centre of freshwater fish diversity and microendemism in the broader Cape Floristic Region. Accurate identification of lineages and comprehensive mapping of their distribution is a fundamental pre-requisite for ecological studies, assessing conservation status and implementation of appropriate conservation measures.
6
Tweddle, Gavin Paul. "The influence of overwash and breaching events on the spatial and temporal patterns in ichthyofauna community composition in a temporarily open/closed southern African estuary." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002957.
Full textAbstract:
This study assessed the importance of overwash and breaching events on the ichthyofaunal community structure in the medium-sized temporarily open/closed Mpekweni Estuary located on the southeast coastline of southern Africa. The fish in the littoral zone of the estuary were sampled using a 5m seine net while the channel region was sampled using two nets, a smaller meshed 30m seine net to target the estuarine spawning species and the juvenile estuarine-dependant marine spawners, and a larger meshed 50m seine net to target the larger marine and freshwater spawning species. Intensive monthly sampling over two years provided data on selected physico-chemical and biological parameters. During the two year sampling period from November 2005 to October 2007 the estuary breached in late July 2006 and remained open till the sandbar re-formed across the mouth in late December 2006. Thus, sampling encompassed three open/closed phases 1) initial closed period, 2) open period and 3) re-closed period after the berm was re-formed. The open period was divided into two phases 1) the out-flow phase and 2) the tidal phase. A total of 36 fish species representing 19 families were sampled using the various seine nets employed during the investigation. In the littoral zone, the estuarine spawners (Estuarine Utilisation Category, [EUC] I), mainly the Gobiidae, Glossogobius callidus, dominated the samples numerically and by biomass. The smaller estuarine spawning species sampled in the channel were numerically dominated by Gilchristella aestuaria in conjunction with two other EUC I species, Atherina breviceps and G. callidus. The estuarine-dependant marine spawners (EUC II), however, dominated the ichthyofaunal biomass of the channel. The abundance and biomass of the larger species targeted were dominated by estuarine-dependant marine spawning species (EUC II), principally Rhabdosargus holubi. During the closed periods of the estuary, total fish abundance and biomass displayed weak seasonal patterns. The breaching event and subsequent open period was associated with a decrease in the total abundances of fish in the littoral zone and channel of the estuary, reflecting the out-flow of estuarine biomass-rich water into the marine environment. The breaching event coincided with a shift in the community composition of the ichthyofauna, reflecting the recruitment of marine spawning species into the estuary. Numerical analysis identified two distinct spatial fish communities within the estuary, a community associated with the mouth region and one comprising the rest of the estuary. The absence of any further spatial patterns in the ichthyofaunal community structure within the Mpekweni Estuary appear to be ascribed to the virtual absence of horizontal patterns in physico-chemical and biological parameters recorded in the system. Cohort analyses were employed to determine possible recruitment events for selected estuarine and marine spawning species. The estuarine spawning species displayed continuous recruitment patterns throughout the study, which appeared to be unaffected by the breaching event. Conversely, the larger marine spawning species displayed multiple cohorts, indicating non-continuous recruitment. Subsequent retrospective analysis of cohorts for the different species identified summer recruitment peaks that coincided with the breaching event and open period. Minor recruitment of marine spawning species also occurred during overwash events. The recruitment of ichthyofauna into the estuary was quantified during three distinct hydrological events: overwash, out-flow phase immediately after breaching and tidal phase during the period when the mouth was open. Estimates of fish recruitment were highest during the outflow phase immediately after the estuary breached and declined as the estuary became tidally inundated with marine water. Although not as high as the outflow and tidal phases, recruitment was evident during overwash events. Results of the current study highlight the importance of both breaching and overwashing events in structuring the ichthyofaunal community composition in a medium-sized southern African temporarily open/closed estuary. These results are broadly in agreement with similar studies conducted both locally and in other regions of the world.
7
Wood, A. D. (Aidan David). "A contribution towards the taxonomy of the ichthyoplankton species community and an understanding of its dynamics along the south-east coast of South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006124.
Full textAbstract:
This study was prompted by the need to remedy the situation that existed with respect to the poor status of our knowledge regarding the ichthyoplankton assemblage of the nearshore region along the south-east Cape coast of South Africa. The first chapter provides a brief introduction to the field of ichthyoplankton research and includes a summary of the status of research in southern Africa and an explanation of early life history terminology. The selection of all sample sites, times and strategies is also outlined. The study area along the south-east Cape coast with respect to its location, climate and physical oceanography is described in the second chapter, as is the gear used, bongo nets and an RMT1x6. A sampling protocol for the use of bongos from a small ski-boat, and the RMT from the research vessels, and for the handling and processing of samples was established. The selection of Middlebank as the main monthly sampling site within the Tsitsikamma National Park (TNP) was based on taxonomic diversity as well as logistical and safety constraints. The effect of mesh size and time of sampling with bongo nets on the catchability of ichthyoplankton was investigated in chapter three. Most data was accumulated during Sea Fisheries research cruises, with additional collections coming from the National Parks vessel. Although the differences were not significant, the 505 μ mesh nets captured larger larvae, with catches comprising higher percentages of flexion and postflexion larvae. Larval concentration and size were consistently greater in samples from periods of reduced light intensity, but significant differences were the exception. It was decided that sampling with 505 μ mesh nets during daylight would provide a representative sample of the available ichthyoplankton assemblage, while at the same time being the most practical and least time consuming with respect to handling, clogging and backflushing. In chapter four, the early life history stages of thiny of the seventy-five taxa sampled are described, reflecting the paucity of information which existed on the ichthyoplankton of the nearshore zone in the south-east Cape. These descriptions are seen as an important contribution towards any future research efforts in the region, but as many of these descriptions are based on few or single specimens, it is realised that the description of egg and larval stages will be an ongoing process. Based upon the data collected during this study, an ichthyoplankton species checklist was established in chapter five. Seventy-five taxa of fish larvae were identified to either family, genus or species level. A number of squid para-larvae were also encountered. Similarities and discrepancies with a previous survey in the region are presented. The temporal distribution of eggs and larvae between August 1993 and October 1996 was established, and the spatial distribution of ichthyoplankton along an offshore transect was determined between January 1995 and May 1996. Only 7 species from Middlebank and twelve from all stations combined displayed seasonal trends, with most of these being prevalent during winter months. Egg production, both over Middlebank and from all stations combined, appeared to be consistent, with no seasonal trends. Based upon the results from the offshore transect samples, it would appear that a single ichthyoplankton assemblage exists from Storms River out to fifteen nautical miles. Although a variety of statistical methods were applied to the data during this study, low egg and larval concentrations and a low sampling frequency meant that results had to be interpreted carefully. Chapter six describes the preliminary investigation into the vertical distribution of eggs and larvae. During two research cruises, discrete depth sampling using an RMT1x6 net was performed, with the majority of samples being accompanied by physical data provided by a CTD rosette sampler. No definite patterns could be seen as larval concentrations were low, and the short time scale did not allow for the identification of any diel migratory patterns. The relationship between total larvae and the physical environment was poor. The only possible relationship was that between plankton volume and total egg and total larval concentrations. The TNP may play an important role in the conservation of reef fish and the seeding of nearby fishing grounds through the export of pelagic eggs and larvae. Chapter seven describes a preliminary investigation into the dispersal potential of ichthyoplankton from the TNP. Based upon longshore currents determined from drogues, ADCP vectors and current meter readings, it was clear that if larvae were passive drifters, the potential for their dispersal from the TNP did exist. This pilot study showed that future work should concentrate not only on the oceanographic aspects, but on behavioural aspects of larvae which may enhance or retard dispersal. In the final discussion, it is emphasised that while this study went a long way to increasing our knowledge of the nearshore ichthyoplankton community, the true picture of the temporal and spatial dynamics of the species assemblage may only be revealed once more intensive sampling has been performed. The resolution of the early life history stages of the sparids and the identification of eggs to species level are seen as priorities for the near future. A complete species checklist for the TNP is provided based upon previous surveys (both on adult and larval fishes), this work and personal observations. A total of 171 species of fish from 70 families were identified, illustrating that the eggs and larvae of many species in the TNP have yet to be sampled. A brief description of the collaborative effort which is envisaged for the TNP over the next few years is provided.
8
Traas, Graham Ronald Louis. "The conservation and management of freshwater fishes in the Greater Addo Elephant National Park." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1687/.
Full text
9
Akoto, William. "Valuing preferences for freshwater inflows into selected Western and Southern Cape estuaries." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/915.
Full textAbstract:
An estuary is the last stage of a river. It is where the river meets the sea. Estuaries are one of the most significant features of the South African coastline. In recent years, South Africa has witnessed an increase in the demand for freshwater for both industrial and domestic purposes. At the same time, there has been a gradual deterioration of river systems and their catchments. To add to this, there has been a gradual reduction in the amount of recorded rainfall, which is the primary source of freshwater for rivers. This has resulted in decreased freshwater inflow into estuaries, a situation which poses a serious threat to the biological functioning of these estuaries and the services rendered to its recreational users. A deterioration of estuary services reduces the yield for subsistence households and their appeal for recration. This study uses the contingent valuation method as its primary methodology to elicit users' willingness-to-pay to reduce the negative impacts of reduced freshwater inflow into selected western and southern Cape estuaries. Eight estuaries were selected for this study; the Breede, Duiwenhoks, Great Berg, Kleinemond West, Mhlathuze, Swartvlei and Olifants estuaries. The contingent valuation (CV) method is widely used for studies of this nature because of its ability to capture active, passive and non-use values. The CV method involves directly asking people how much they would be willing to pay for specific environmental services. In this case, users were asked what they would be willing to pay to sustain freshwater inflows into selected estuaries in order to prevent the negative impacts of reduced inflows. The travel cost method (TCM) was uesed to generate an alternative comparative set of values for the purposes of convergence testing. This is because convergence testing is highly desirable as a validity test for CV estimates.
10
Hampton, Shannon. "Multidisciplinary investigation into stock structure of small pelagic fishes in southern Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13258.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references.Three abundant small pelagic fish species co-occur in the Benguela upwelling ecosystem off southern Africa: sardine (Sardinops sagax), anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) and round herring (Etrumeus whiteheadi). It is hypothesised that populations of these species have a complex structure that reflects the complexity of their varying habitats. On the basis of the locality and timing of spawning, and morphological, meristic and parasite studies, it has been proposed that there are separate stocks of sardine in South African waters west and east of Cape Agulhas. Consequently, new operational procedures for managing the fishery are based on the premise of two such stocks, termed the west and south coast stocks respectively. In this study, it is hypothesized that the factors causing purported stock differences in sardine should also apply to anchovy and redeye. Three different approaches were used to further test the multi-stock hypothesis for sardine in southern Africa and to provide new information for understanding possible stock differences in anchovy and round herring. The population structure of sardine was investigated through studies on samples taken from the Cape west and south coasts as well as from Namibia and KwaZulu-Natal. Two dimensionless otolith shape indices, otolith elemental signatures, seven microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial DNA marker, ND2, were used to supplement existing information on sardine. Otolith shape, while influenced by fish length and season of capture, distinguished the east coast samples from those taken elsewhere, while the otolith elemental signatures indicated differentiation among sites on a small scale and between samples taken from the west and south coast for certain elements. Both genetic indicators showed high levels of genetic diversity and variation among individuals. There were some genetic differences among sites within a single year, but overall the results suggest that the South African sardine population is well mixed, with weak evidence of genetic patchiness that is not temporally stable. This genetic pattern is evidence of sweepstake recruitment. For anchovy, two spawning locations have been identified in South African waters, but there have been no previous investigations into stock structure. The current study aimed to apply different methods to anchovy samples to determine their usefulness for differentiating population structure,. An analysis of otolith shape revealed that it was primarily influenced by the length of the fish, with no differentiation among sites, whereas an investigation into genetic differentiation using five microsatellite markers revealed high levels of genetic diversity and differentiation among sites. Since there were relatively few samples for a study of this sort, further work is recommended to investigate stock structure in South African anchovy. For round herring, only otolith shape was analysed to test for stock structure. Otolith shape was found to be primarily related to the length of the fish (as in anchovy) and sex, but no significant difference was found between coasts. There were different magnitudes of variability in the results for the three species using different methods. It is likely that the complex, variable environment causes complex patterns of mixing and micro-structuring within all three species, linked to their different niches.
Books on the topic "Freshwater fishes – Africa, Southern"
1
Marshall, B. E. Small water bodies and their fisheries in southern Africa. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1994.
Find full text
2
Skelton, Paul H. A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of Southern Africa. Halfway House: Southern Book Publishers, 1993.
Find full text
3
Loftus, William F. Freshwater fishes of southern Florida. Gainesville: FSM, University of Florida, 1987.
Find full text
5
Peter, Borchert, ed. A guide to the common sea fishes of southern Africa. 2nd ed. Cape Town: C. Struik, 1988.
Find full text
6
Snoeks, Jos. The haplochromines (Teleostei, Cichlidae) of Lake Kivu (East Africa): A taxonomic revision with notes on their ecology. Tervuren, Belgium: Koninklijk Museum voor Midden-Afrika, 1994.
Find full text
7
A, Ebert David, and Smale Malcolm J, eds. Guide to the sharks and rays of southern Africa. Cape Town: Struik, 1989.
Find full text
8
Lévêque, C. Biodiversity dynamics and conservation: The freshwater fish of tropical Africa. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Find full text
9
Lévêque, C. Biodiversity dynamics and conservation: The freshwater fish of tropical Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
Find full text
10
Expert Consultation on Small-Scale Fisheries Management in Sub-Saharan Africa (2001 Accra, Ghana). Report of the Expert Consultation on Small-Scale Fisheries Management in Sub-Saharan Africa: Accra, Ghana, 12-14 December 2001. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Freshwater fishes – Africa, Southern"
1
Esmaeili, Hamid Reza. "Checklist of Freshwater Fishes of Southwestern Wetlands of Iran." In Southern Iraq's Marshes, 295–318. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66238-7_17.
Full text
2
Merrey, Douglas J., Anjal Prakash, Larry Swatuk, Inga Jacobs, and Vishal Narain. "Water Governance Futures in South Asia and Southern Africa: Déjà Vu All Over Again?" In Freshwater Governance for the 21st Century, 229–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43350-9_12.
Full text
3
Potter, Ian C., Lynnath E. Beckley, Alan K. Whitfield, and Rodney C. J. Lenanton. "Comparisons between the roles played by estuaries in the life cycles of fishes in temperate Western Australia and Southern Africa." In Alternative life-history styles of fishes, 143–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2065-1_9.
Full text
4
Levêque, Christian, and Didier Paugy. "Geographical distribution and affinities of African freshwater fishes." In The inland water fishes of Africa, 97–114. IRD Éditions, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.irdeditions.25190.
Full text
5
Pollard, Sharon, and Tessa Cousins. "Legal pluralism and the governance of freshwater resources in southern Africa." In Governance for Justice and Environmental Sustainability, 220–41. Routledge, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203120880-11.
Full text
6
Meserve, Peter L. "Zoogeography." In The Physical Geography of South America. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195313413.003.0015.
Full textAbstract:
South America forms the greater part of the Neotropical faunal realm, which extends northward through Central America to tropical southern Mexico. Although making up only 12% of the world’s land area, South America is the richest continent for virtually all organismal groups, including vertebrates. For example, of the known 23,250 species of fish (Eschmeyer, 1998), 41% or 9,530 species are freshwater, and of these, more than 2,800 species (29%) are in South America (Moyle and Cech, 2000). A comparable level of diversity exists for amphibians and birds. Of Earth’s 5,900 species of amphibians, at least 1,749 or 30% occur in South America (Duellman, 1999a, 1999b; Köhler et al., 2005; www.amphibiaweb.org). More than 3,200 (or nearly 32%) of Earth’s 9,900 species of birds occur in South America (Sibley and Monroe, 1990). For reptiles and mammals, diversity is only slightly lower; at least 1,560 (19%) of 8,240 reptile species (Uetz and Etzold, 1996; www.reptiledatabase. org), and 1,037 (19%) of 5,416 mammal species (Nowak, 1999; Wilson and Reeder, 2005) are found in South America. Four major geological events or features are important to understanding South America’s contemporary zoogeography. The first was the breakup of Pangea, and then of Gondwana. South America and Africa remained close for an extended period of the Mesozoic, and thus share important similarities in their faunas, including groups not fully evolved at the time of separation. South America also maintained connections to other Gondwanan continents, directly with Antarctica, indirectly with Australia, until the early Cenozoic. The second major feature was South America’s long period of isolation in the Cenozoic, particularly from North America pending establishment of the late Pliocene land bridge after 3 Ma (million years before present). The latter resulted in “The Great American Interchange” (Webb, 1976; Marshall et al., 1982), which had profound consequences for the fauna. The third major feature of South America has been the Andes, which, in addition to modifying climate, have been a center of speciation, a dispersal route, and a barrier. The cordillera has had an overriding effect on distributions and histories of both past and current biotas on the continent.
7
"Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America." In Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America, edited by Donald W. Johnson and Katie Fite. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569896.ch8.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Ecologically distinct stocks of resident redband trout above the Hells Canyon dam complex in southwestern Idaho represent physiologically unique components of the evolutionary legacy of the Snake River steelhead evolutionarily significant unit. These gene pools from the most extreme environments inhabited by this species, absent introgression produced by pooled hatchery stocks, have the potential to provide the genetic diversity necessary for species survival. Populations of desert redband trout in the Snake River drainages of southern Idaho are severely threatened by degradation of riparian habitat resulting from land use practices, as well as decreased streamflows accompanying prolonged drought.
8
"Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America." In Status, Distribution, and Conservation of Native Freshwater Fishes of Western North America, edited by John N. Rinne and Bob Calamusso. American Fisheries Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569896.ch17.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Three native trouts occur in the southwestern United States. The Rio Grande cutthroat trout <em>Oncorhynchus clarkii virginalis</em> persists in New Mexico and southern Colorado on the Santa Fe, Carson, and Rio Grande national forests and private lands. The Gila trout <em>O. gilae</em> and the Apache trout <em>O. gilae apache</em> (also known as <em>O. apache</em>) occur in isolated headwater streams of the Gila and Little Colorado rivers on the Gila and Apache- Sitgreaves national forests and Fort Apache Indian Reservation in southwestern New Mexico and east-central Arizona, respectively. For more than two decades, intensive management has been directed at the Apache, Gila, and Rio Grande cutthroat trouts. Despite the efforts, their decades-long listed status remains unchanged for the Gila and Apache trouts, and the Rio Grande native is under consideration for listing. The objectives of this paper are to review the literature and management activities over the past quarter of a century in order to delineate why recovery and conservation have been so difficult for southwestern trout.
9
M. Mejía-Ortíz, Luis, Peter Sprouse, Juan C. Tejeda-Mazariegos, Jair Valladarez, Oscar Frausto-Martínez, Alejandro L. Collantes-Chavez-Costa, Guillermo Ruíz-Cancino, and German Yáñez. "Tropical Subterranean Ecosystems in Mexico, Guatemala and Belize: A Review of Aquatic Biodiversity and Their Ecological Aspects." In Natural History and Ecology of Mexico and Central America. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97694.
Full textAbstract:
The subterranean ecosystems in tropical areas of Mexico, North of Guatemala & Belize are very abundant because the karstic soil that allow these formations are the main composition in the Yucatán Peninsula and several mountains systems in these countries; also, they have a strong relationship with tropical forest adjacent where the main energy into the caves have an alloctonous origin. In these three countries there are three different cave conditions: a) freshwater semi-dry caves, b) flooded freshwater systems and c) anchialine systems. Mainly crustaceans and freshwater fishes are the major representative group in the aquatic diversity in these systems because the anchialine members are restricted to Yucatán Peninsula and Islands adjacent. Around 5000 entries to subterranean world there are among these countries, where the Yucatan Peninsula is the area with major caves or cenotes in comparison with southern of Mexico, North of Guatemala and Belize. Into these systems are possible found crustaceans and fishes from different families. The objective of this paper is present a review of these systems according with each karstic areas and show the current map including the location of each systems; as well their subterranean aquatic biodiversity and, finally discuss the relationships among these different areas using their biological aquatic richness in consideration with ecological subterranean conditions.
10
"Hudson River Fishes and their Environment." In Hudson River Fishes and their Environment, edited by John R. Waldman, Thomas R. Lake, and Robert E. Schmidt. American Fisheries Society, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569827.ch8.
Full textAbstract:
<em>Abstract.</em>—The Hudson River Estuary (defined here as the Hudson River drainage and New York Harbor) is home to a large and diverse ichthyofauna. Estimates of species richness reflect both their geographic boundaries and time periods. The most complete estimate is for the Hudson River drainage north of the southern tip of Manhattan, where, as of 2005, 212 fish species have been recorded. This includes 11 new forms not reported in the most recently published tally (1990). We categorize the fishes of the Hudson River drainage as derived from 12 zoogeographic or anthropogenic sources (including species for which we make no judgment [<em>n </em>= 26]), the largest contributions from which include temperate marine strays (<em>n </em>= 65), introduced species (<em>n </em>= 28), and freshwater species that survived Pleistocene glaciations in Atlantic coastal refugia (<em>n </em>= 21). Additional species appear to have invaded from the Mississippi refugia, some naturally (<em>n </em>= 11) and some later, via canals (<em>n </em>= 11). Only ten diadromous fishes occur in the estuary, but many of these are, or have been, commercially and recreationally important (e.g., Atlantic sturgeon <em>Acipenser oxyrinchus</em>, American shad <em>Alosa sapidissima</em>, and striped bass <em>Morone saxatilis</em>). Extremely high seasonal temperature changes in the main-channel Hudson River foster a seasonally dynamic ichthyofauna with relatively few species occurring year round. However, the small number of resident estuarine fishes (<em>n </em>= 8) often occur in high abundances. Species richness peaks between June and September and reaches a minimum in winter. Long-term data indicate that although species richness has increased with the additions of new species, diversity is decreasing because of the decrease in population size of certain species, especially native cyprinids. The Hudson estuary hosts a population of one federally endangered species, shortnose sturgeon <em>Acipenser brevirostrum</em>, which is flourishing. Only one species, the anadromous rainbow smelt <em>Osmerus mordax </em>appears to have become extirpated in the Hudson Estuary.