Journal articles: 'Freshwater fishes – Africa, Southern'

1

Norris, Steven M., and Paul H. Skelton. "A Complete Guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Southern Africa." Copeia 1996, no. 3 (August 1, 1996): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1447548.

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Coke, Mike. "A complete guide to the Freshwater Fishes of Southern Africa." African Journal of Aquatic Science 27, no. 1 (January 2002): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2002.9626577.

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3

Turner, George F. "A complete guide to the freshwater fishes of Southern Africa." Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 5, no. 3 (September 1995): 380–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00043010.

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4

BORKENHAGEN, KAI. "Molecular phylogeny of the tribe Torini Karaman, 1971 (Actinopterygii: Cypriniformes) from the Middle East and North Africa." Zootaxa 4236, no. 2 (February 22, 2017): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4236.2.4.

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Freshwater fishes of the cyprinid tribe Torini are widespread in Africa the Middle East and Indomalaya. The relationships of Middle-Eastern Torini are analysed based on mitochondrial markers (Cyt b, ND4) of the majority of relevant species. I present a larely well resolved phylogeny, which confirms the validity of the morphologically defined genera Arabibarbus, Carasobarbus, Mesopotamichthys and Pterocapoeta. The Torini originated in Indomalaya and colonised Africa via the Middle East. Morocco was colonised two times independently, first from sub-Saharan Africa and secondly along the southern margin of the Mediterranean Sea. The Tigris–Euphrates system is an important crossroad for the colonisation of the Jordan River, the Orontes River and the watercourses of the Arabian Peninsula by freshwater fishes. The Jordan lost its connection to the Euphrates earlier than the Orontes. The Arabian Peninsula was colonised from the Tigris–Euphrates system in at least two independent events.

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Whitfield, Alan K. "Fishes and freshwater in southern African estuaries – A review." Aquatic Living Resources 18, no. 3 (July 2005): 275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr:2005032.

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Skelton, PH. "Flagships and fragments — perspectives on the conservation of freshwater fishes in southern Africa." African Journal of Aquatic Science 25, no. 1 (January 2000): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/160859100780177929.

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Mahmoud, Eshraga Dafa Alla, Saadia Ahemed Youins, Ahmed Mohammed Musa, and Abdlgader Mahammed Ahmed. "Anew Finding of Allocreadium Isoproum (Looss, 1902) (Digenea Allocreadinae) Parasite of the Stomach of Freshwater Fishes Tetraodon Fahaka from Jebel Aulia Dam Southern Khartoum, Sudan." Sustainability in Environment 2, no. 2 (April 13, 2017): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/se.v2n2p142.

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A species of Allocreadinae (Trematoda, Digenea) was found in the stomach of freshwater fish “Tambar’’ Tetraodon fahaka (yousif), in Jebel Aulia Dam in the White Nile, southern Khartoum. The species classified in the genus Allocreadium isoproum (Loss, 1902) as a first finding in the Sudanese freshwater fishes the genus found from several freshwater fishes in Europe South America, Japan, and India (Yamagutti, 1958). The present study it was the first report in the Sudan and Africa as all. The objective of the study were to carryout the following characteristic to describe of parasites with relevant classification, the measurement of determination of the prevalence rate density of infection parasite.

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Skelton, P. H. "Changes to the scientific and common names of southern African freshwater fishes." African Journal of Aquatic Science 27, no. 2 (January 2002): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2002.9626588.

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9

Taylor, Geraldine C., Jaclyn M. Hill, Michelle C. Jackson, Richard A. Peel, and Olaf L. F. Weyl. "Estimating δ15N fractionation and adjusting the lipid correction equation using Southern African freshwater fishes." PLOS ONE 12, no. 5 (May 24, 2017): e0178047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178047.

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10

Kaulfuss, Uwe, Daphne E. Lee, Jeffrey H. Robinson, Graham P. Wallis, and Werner W. Schwarzhans. "A Review of Galaxias (Galaxiidae) Fossils from the Southern Hemisphere." Diversity 12, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12050208.

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The Galaxiidae is a Southern Hemisphere family of freshwater fish, considered to be of Gondwanan origin based on the current distribution of species in New Zealand, Australia (including Tasmania), New Caledonia, Africa, South America, and on some associated and subantarctic islands. The fossil record of galaxiids is extremely sparse and geographically restricted. The only galaxiid fossils currently known come from several Miocene lakes in southern New Zealand. They include more than 100 articulated fishes, some remarkably preserving soft parts such as eyes and skin, skulls and jaw components, and more than 200 isolated otoliths. Common coprolites and in situ preserved gut content at one site (Foulden Maar) indicate the different diets of larvae and adult fish. These discoveries reveal a diverse Galaxias fauna, the presence of lake-locked populations, ontogenetic diet shifts, and representatives of several non-migratory Galaxias lineages associated with inland streams and lakes. There are at least six Galaxias species based on macrofossils and six separate otolith-based species from varied volcanic and regional lacustrine environments. This diversity points to southern New Zealand as a centre of biodiversity and speciation in Galaxiidae in the early to late Miocene.

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Kisten, Yanasivan, Nadine A. Strydom, Renzo Perissinotto, and Sourav Paul. "Modelling the occurrence of postflexion stages of a marine estuarine-dependent fish in temperate South African estuaries." Scientia Marina 81, no. 1 (March 27, 2017): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04521.05a.

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The movement of postflexion larvae of marine estuarine-dependent species into estuaries is critical for the survival of fishes reliant on estuaries as nurseries. However, detailed studies focused on environmental variability experienced by postflexion larvae entering a range of estuary types under varying conditions are rare. This study assessed the in situ conditions (temperature, salinity and water clarity) under which the southern African endemic fish Rhabdosargus holubi (Sparidae) recruits into estuaries. Postflexion larvae were sampled in three biogeographic regions (cool temperate, warm temperate and subtropical boundary), which included three estuary types (permanently open estuaries (POEs), temporarily open/closed estuaries and estuarine lake systems) on a seasonal basis, independent of each other. Rhabdosargus holubi larvae were more abundant in spring and summer, in POEs in the warm temperate region. Models predicted that higher larval occurrence in estuaries is a function of lower salinity (e.g. mesohaline zones of 5-17.9 salinity) and lower water clarity (e.g. 0-0.2 Kd, light extinction coefficient), particularly for warm, temperate POEs. This re-emphasizes the importance of freshwater for optimal nursery functioning, which may be compromised by impoundments, abstraction and climate change in water-short countries like South Africa.

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12

Whitfield, AK. "Abundance of larval and 0+ juvenile marine fishes in the lower reaches of three southern African estuaries with differing freshwater inputs." Marine Ecology Progress Series 105 (1994): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps105257.

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13

Compagno, LJV. "Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa." African Journal of Marine Science 27, no. 1 (January 2005): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/18142320509504093.

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Coke, Mike. "Coastal Fishes of Southern Africa." African Journal of Aquatic Science 29, no. 2 (August 2004): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085910409503822.

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15

Greenwood, P. H., J. Daget, J. P. Gosse, and D. F. E. Thys van den Audenaerde. "Check-List of the Freshwater Fishes of Africa." Copeia 1987, no. 4 (December 9, 1987): 1082. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1445588.

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16

McDowall, Robert M., and Christopher P. Burridge. "Osteology and relationships of the southern freshwater lower euteleostean fishes." Zoosystematics and Evolution 87, no. 1 (March 2011): 7–185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoos.201000020.

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17

Miyazaki, Yusuke, Akira Terui, Hiroshi Senou, and Izumi Washitani. "Illustrated checklist of fishes from the Shubuto River System, southwestern Hokkaido, Japan." Check List 9, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/9.1.63.

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A checklist of fish fauna, comprising 40 species representing 15 families and 9 orders, was compiled from field, museum, and literature surveys of the Shubuto River System, southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. This area approximates the boundary of southern/northern affinities of Japanese freshwater fishes. All primary freshwater species, are listed except for Gymnogobius castaneus and all anadromous and marine amphidromous species that are scientifically presumed to occur naturally in the area. The list contains two invasive exotic species, Cyprinus carpio and Oncorhynchus mykiss, and two Siberian primary freshwater species, Lefua nikkonis and Barbatula toni, which are thought to mark the boundary of southern and northern affinities of Japanese freshwater fishes. Rhynchocypris perenurus, another Siberian primary freshwater species with a similar presumed range, was not recorded. The voucher specimen species included Platycephalus sp. 2, which is suggested to have the northernmost extended range.

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Godwin, James C., David A. Steen, David Werneke, and Jonathan W. Armbruster. "Two Significant Records of Exotic Tropical Freshwater Fishes in Southern Alabama." Southeastern Naturalist 15, no. 4 (December 2016): N57—N60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1656/058.015.0401.

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McDowall, Robert M., and Christopher P. Burridge. "Erratum: Osteology and relationships of the southern freshwater lower euteleostean fishes." Zoosystematics and Evolution 87, no. 2 (September 2011): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoos.201190000.

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20

Menni, Roberto C., Sergio E. G�mez, and Femanda L�pez Armengol. "Subtle relationships: freshwater fishes and water chemistry in southern South America." Hydrobiologia 328, no. 3 (August 1996): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00017629.

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21

Castillo-Jordán, Claudio, Neil L. Klaer, Geoffrey N. Tuck, Stewart D. Frusher, Luis A. Cubillos, Sean R. Tracey, and Michael J. Salinger. "Coincident recruitment patterns of Southern Hemisphere fishes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 73, no. 2 (February 2016): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0069.

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Three dominant recruitment patterns were identified across 30 stocks from Australia, New Zealand, Chile, South Africa, and the Falkland Islands using data from 1980 to 2010. Cluster and dynamic factor analysis provided similar groupings. Stocks exhibited a detectable degree of synchrony among species, in particular the hakes and lings from Australia, New Zealand, Chile, and South Africa. We tested three climate indices, the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), Southern Annular Mode (SAM), and Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), to explore their relationship with fish stock recruitment patterns. The time series of IPO and SOI showed the strongest correlation with New Zealand hoki (blue grenadier, Macruronus novaezelandiae) and Australian jackass morwong (Nemadactylus macropterus) (r = 0.50 and r = –0.50), and SAM was positively related to Australian Macquarie Island Patagonian toothfish (Dissostichus eleginoides) (r = 0.49). Potential linkages in recruitment patterns at sub-basin, basin, and multibasin scales and regional and global climate indices do account for some of the variation, playing an important role for several key Southern Hemisphere species.

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22

NAGASAWA, KAZUYA, and DAISUKE UYENO. "Utilization of alien freshwater fishes by the parasitic copepod Neoergasilus japonicus (Ergasilidae) on Okinawa-jima Island, Japan, with a list of its known hosts." Zoosymposia 8, no. 1 (December 17, 2012): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zoosymposia.8.1.11.

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Currently, many fish parasites have been dispersed worldwide via the movement of fishes for food, sport, or the aquarium trade. The freshwater parasitic copepod Neoergasilus japonicus (Harada, 1930) is such an example: it is native to eastern Asia, but has been introduced to southern Asia, Europe, and North America. Since N. japonicus has been regarded as an important alien parasite in such regions, more information is needed on the ecology and host-parasite relationships of this species. In this study, specimens of N. japonicus were collected from the following seven alien freshwater fishes on Okinawa-jima Island, southern Japan: redbelly tilapia (Tilapia zillii), Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), and Nile tilapia (O. niloticus niloticus) (Perciformes: Cichlidae); bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) (Perciformes: Centrarchidae); Indian glassy fish (Pseudambassis ranga) (Perciformes: Ambassidae); mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae); and vermiculated sailfin catfish (Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus) (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). Copepods occurred on alien fishes taken from reservoirs, but were absent on those from rivers. The dorsal fin was most heavily infected, followed by the anal fin, gills, and body surface. The native freshwater fishes in our sampling locations have been replaced by alien fishes that were introduced from various regions of the world. Our results therefore showed that this low host-specific species can persist by utilizing alien fishes as hosts even after the native fishes have either disappeared or greatly decreased in abundance. A list is also given of fishes (88 species and 3 subspecies in 7 orders and 16 families) reported as hosts of N. japonicus.

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Dippenaar, Susan. "Reported Siphonostomatoid Copepods Parasitic on Marine Fishes of Southern Africa." Crustaceana 77, no. 11 (2004): 1281–328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568540043165985.

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Skelton, P. H. "The conservation and status of threatened fishes in southern Africa." Journal of Fish Biology 37, sa (December 1990): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05024.x.

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25

McDowall, R. M. "Accumulating evidence for a dispersal biogeography of southern cool temperate freshwater fishes." Journal of Biogeography 29, no. 2 (February 2002): 207–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2699.2002.00670.x.

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26

Skelton, P. H., J. A. Cambray, A. Lombard, and G. A. Benn. "Patterns of distribution and conservation status of freshwater fishes in South Africa." South African Journal of Zoology 30, no. 3 (January 1995): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1995.11448375.

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27

Ali, Sarip Tarita Ampatuan. "Prevalence Of Parasites In Freshwater Fishes In The Southern Part Of Ligawasan Marsh, Philippines." Procedia of Social Sciences and Humanities 1 (January 30, 2021): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/pssh.v1i.26.

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Ligawasan Marsh, the largest river basin in Mindanao is home of common fishes such as dalag, pupuyo, hito, tilapia and gourami. Fish parasites pose a great threat to freshwater fishes to public health and economy of an area. This study aims to examine the Prevalence of Parasites in Freshwater Fishes in the Southern Part of Ligawasan Marsh; Endoparasites in the representative species; Mean intensity and abundance infection of the Endoparaites. The study utilized necropsy, dissection and microscopy method to examine Endoparasites. Trematodes Clinostomum sp, suspected Camallanus sp., a Neocamallanus sp. and a member of Order Spirurida, all nematodes were recovered. The study yielded that Fish parasites in Channa striata Anabas testudineus had prevalence in Kabuntalan and Datu Piang. Nine Acanthocephalan recovered in Oreochromis niloticus had also prevalence rate. Suspected trematode cysts and eggs were also recovered in Trichopodus trichopterus and Clarias macrocephalus. Thus, it is concluded that there is prevalence of nematodes and trematodes species in C. striata, A. testudineus, O. niloticus, C. macrocephalus and T. trichopterus The Camallanus sp and Neocamallanus sp, both common aquarium parasites are first found in the Southern part of Ligawasan Marsh.

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28

van As, Jo G. "A brief history of freshwater fish parasitology in southern Africa." African Zoology 50, no. 2 (April 3, 2015): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2015.1053409.

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Kalu, Ikechukwu, Christopher E. Ndehedehe, Onuwa Okwuashi, and Aniekan E. Eyoh. "Assessing Freshwater Changes over Southern and Central Africa (2002–2017)." Remote Sensing 13, no. 13 (June 29, 2021): 2543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13132543.

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In large freshwater river basins across the globe, the composite influences of large-scale climatic processes and human activities (e.g., deforestation) on hydrological processes have been studied. However, the knowledge of these processes in this era of the Anthropocene in the understudied hydrologically pristine South Central African (SCA) region is limited. This study employs satellite observations of evapotranspiration (ET), precipitation and freshwater between 2002 and 2017 to explore the hydrological patterns of this region, which play a crucial role in global climatology. Multivariate methods, including the rotated principal component analysis (rPCA) were used to assess the relationship of terrestrial water storage (TWS) in response to climatic units (precipitation and ET). The use of the rPCA technique in assessing changes in TWS is warranted to provide more information on hydrological changes that are usually obscured by other dominant naturally-driven fluxes. Results show a low trend in vegetation transpiration due to deforestation around the Congo basin. Overall, the Congo (r2 = 76%) and Orange (r2 = 72%) River basins maintained an above-average consistency between precipitation and TWS throughout the study region and period. Consistent loss in freshwater is observed in the Zambezi (−9.9 ± 2.6 mm/year) and Okavango (−9.1 ± 2.5 mm/year) basins from 2002 to 2008. The Limpopo River basin is observed to have a 6% below average reduction in rainfall rates which contributed to its consistent loss in freshwater (−4.6 ± 3.2 mm/year) from 2006 to 2012.Using multi-linear regression and correlation analysis we show that ET contributes to the variability and distribution of TWS in the region. The relationship of ET with TWS (r = 0.5) and rainfall (r = 0.8) over SCA provides insight into the role of ET in regulating fluxes and the mechanisms that drive precipitation in the region. The moderate ET–TWS relationship also shows the effect of climate and anthropogenic influence in their interactions.

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Sultana, M., and ZH Hashim. "Invasive Alien Fish Species in Freshwater of the Continents." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 8, no. 2 (February 29, 2016): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v8i2.26868.

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This review article presents the updated informationof freshwater Invasive Alien Species (IAS) of fishes of the continents to understand the homogenate progression in global freshwater ecosystems and the leading pathways of freshwater IAS fish introduction throughout the continents. North America contains 45 freshwater invasive fish species within 18 families, which is the most profuse off all other continents, whereas, Australia possesses the lowermost amount of freshwater IAS fish, 18 species under 8 families. Besides, Asia retains 41 freshwater IAS fish under 14 families and Europe acquires 32 species under 18 families. The uppermost spreader IAS fish family is Cyprinidae followed by Cichlidae subsequently. Nine common fishes (Carassius auratus, Cyprinus carpio, Onchorynchus mykiss, Oreochromis mossambicus, Poecilia reticulata, Salmo salar, Salmo trutta and Salvelinusfontinalis) turned out invasive in all the continents (without Antarctica). Among IAS introduction pathways, aquaculture causes the highest percentage of freshwater IAS introduction in all continents. Aquaculture root 25% of IAS fish introduction in Africa, 21% in Asia, 19% in Australia, 20% in Europe, 19% in North America and 19% in South America. There is hardly any documentation on freshwater IAS fishes of Antarctica. Therefore, future research consideration may be designed.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 8(2): 63-74 2015

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31

Smit, N. J., and A. J. Davies. "New host records for Haemogregarina bigemina from the coast of southern Africa." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, no. 5 (October 1999): 933–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315499001101.

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One hundred and fifty intertidal fishes were captured at Jeffreys Bay in July 1996 and February 1997, and at De Hoop Nature Reserve in April 1997, South Africa. Caffrogobius caffer, Chorisochismus dentex, Clinus superciliosus, and Clinus cottoides were all parasitised by haematophagous larvae of the isopod, Gnathia africana, and between 22 and 81% of fishes were infested with 1 to 76 larvae each. Of those fishes examined for blood parasites, 35/46 (76.1%) had an intraerythrocytic haemogregarine identified as Haemogregarina (sensu lato) bigemina, but only Clinus superciliosus and Clinus cottoides were infected. Gamonts of the haemogregarine, some undergoing syzygy, were also present in 50% of stained batches of the anterior hindgut contents of G. africana larvae which had fed on Clinus superciliosus, but were absent from larvae taken from Clinus cottoides and Chorisochismus dentex. This study provides new host records for H. bigemina and further evidence that gnathiid isopods play a role in the transmission of the haemogregarine.

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Dojiri, Masahiro. "Two species ofCaligus(Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida) parasitic on fishes from Southern Africa." Journal of Natural History 23, no. 2 (April 1989): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222938900770231.

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33

Fomena, A., and G. Bouix. "Myxosporea (Protozoa: Myxozoa) of freshwater fishes in Africa: keys to genera and species." Systematic Parasitology 37, no. 3 (July 1997): 161–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1005839220014.

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Hanna, Dalal E. L., Christopher T. Solomon, Amanda E. Poste, David G. Buck, and Lauren J. Chapman. "A review of mercury concentrations in freshwater fishes of Africa: Patterns and predictors." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 34, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.2818.

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ANGULO, ARTURO, JORGE SAN GIL-LEÓN, ALEJANDRO OVIEDO-SOTO, JUAN I. ABARCA-ODIO, and GERARDO UMAÑA-VILLALOBOS. "The fishes from the Coto River basin, Pacific coast, Costa Rica." Zootaxa 4751, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4751.1.1.

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A checklist of the fishes of the Coto River basin, southern Pacific, Costa Rica, compiled from field and museum surveys is presented. A total of 61 species, representing 48 genera, 26 families and 11 orders are listed. Peripheral species were dominant (44.3%), whereas secondary and primary freshwater species represented 32.8% and 23.9% of the total diversity. The orders Cyprinodontiformes (12 spp.) and Perciformes (11) and the families Poeciliidae (8) and Cichlidae (7) were the most diverse. Two species (Lutjanus guttatus and Polydactylus approximans) were new records for Costa Rican freshwaters and ten additional species were found to have expanded geographical ranges. An identification key and a complete photographic album of all fish species recorded are presented. This investigation provides a framework for future studies on fishes from this area complementing previous efforts seeking to increase our knowledge about the freshwater ichthyofauna of the central and southern Pacific regions of Costa Rica.

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du G Harrison, James. "Guides to the Freshwater Invertebrates of Southern Africa. Volume 10: Coleoptera." African Journal of Aquatic Science 34, no. 2 (August 2009): 205–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/ajas.2009.34.2.14.901.

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Schael, Denise. "Guides to the Freshwater Invertebrates of Southern Africa. Volume 9: Diptera." African Journal of Aquatic Science 34, no. 3 (December 2009): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/ajas.2009.34.3.12.988.

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38

Coetzee, D. J. "Collections of freshwater shrimps along the southern coast of South Africa." South African Journal of Zoology 23, no. 1 (January 1988): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02541858.1988.11448078.

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39

Thatcher, Vernon E., and Giuliano M. Huergo. "Minilernaea floricapitella gen. nov., sp. nov. (Copepoda, Lernaeidae) from freshwater fishes of Southern Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Zoologia 22, no. 4 (December 2005): 821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-81752005000400001.

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Minilernaea floricapitella gen. nov., sp. nov. (Copepoda, Cyclopoida, Lernaeidae) a parasite of the freshwater fishes, Astyanax spp. and Corydoras ehrhardti Regan, 1912 of Santa Catarina and Paraná States, Brazil, is described, based on 10 postmetamorphic females. The new genus and species has the following characteristics that distinguish it from all other known lernaeids: (1) The body is very small (3.4-5.8 mm in length); (2) The head is provided anteriorly with six lobes and posteriorly with four undivided anchor arms. (3) The first pair of thoracopods is on the head, 2-4 are all on the "neck"; (4) Thoracopod 5 is reduced to a simple papillus near the genital pores; (5) The genital pores are equatorial in the hindbody and there is no pre-genital prominence. Since the head and part of the neck are inserted beneath the skin, the host produces a strong encapsulating reaction.

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Kütter, V. T., N. Mirlean, P. R. M. Baisch, M. T. Kütter, and E. V. Silva-Filho. "Mercury in freshwater, estuarine, and marine fishes from Southern Brazil and its ecological implication." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 159, no. 1-4 (November 15, 2008): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0610-1.

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Ramollo, P. P., M. Schumann, and W. A. J. Pretorius. "Freshwater Fish Species of the Oorlogskloof River, Northern Cape Province, South Africa." Our Nature 10, no. 1 (March 13, 2013): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7746.

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The freshwater fish of Oorlogskloof River were sampled in March 2010. The study aimed to determine the distribution and relative abundance of freshwater fish in the Oorlogskloof River. A total of 4643individuals represented by five fish species belonging to two families were sampled. The Barbus anoplus was only sampled in the upper reaches of the Oorlogskloof River gorge while endangered Labeobarbus capensis appeared downstream in the Oorlogskloof River. Barbus serra dominated the fish species in the system. The invasion of Tilapia sparmanni in this system was confirmed during the survey andthe species appeared to be widespread throughout the system. At this stage it does not appear to be posing a serious threat to the endangered fish species. The Oorlogskloof River can be considered as a potential refuge site for the conservation of some endemic and threatened freshwater fishes of South Africa.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7746

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Fernando, C. H. "Impacts of Fish Introductions in Tropical Asia and America." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, S1 (December 19, 1991): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-301.

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Biotas are constantly being reshaped by invasions. Introduction is now an added route to invaders. Impacts must be viewed against the background of massive changes in type, extent and quality of freshwater habits globally and in that freshwater fishes are almost living fossils. Also, old lakes and lacustrine fishes are highly restricted geographically. Lakes are young while rivers are old. Riverine, marsh and pond fishes are not well adapted to lacustrine conditions now widespread due to reservoir construction. Some Clupeidae and Cichlidae are lacustrine-adapted and highly productive. They have therefore made major impacts on fish yields in lakes and reservoirs. In tropical Asia and America, there have been a series of overlapping waves offish introductions during the past 150 years, culminating tin the tilapias from Africa. These fishes now dominate capture and culture fisheries in many countries. Fish introductions are a fait accompli and will continue. They must be realistically assessed and carefully monitored. Contrary to some predictions, introductions have not caused severe damage to indigenous species except when piscivores were used. Yields of indigenous fishes have apparently been enhanced in some instances. Parasites pose a serious threat and only an effective quarantine will ensure their exclusion.

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Close, Paul G., Tom J. Ryan, David L. Morgan, Stephen J. Beatty, and Craig S. Lawrence. "First record of ‘climbing’ and ‘jumping’ by juvenile Galaxias truttaceus Valenciennes, 1846 (Galaxiidae) from south-western Australia." Australian Journal of Zoology 62, no. 2 (2014): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo14004.

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Upstream migration of juvenile stages of temperate Australian amphidromous fish typically coincides with seasonally low river discharge when hydraulic (e.g. cascades) and physical (e.g. rock bars) barriers may be common. The ability to ‘climb’ or ‘jump’ may be expected to assist in negotiating low-flow barriers; however, it is presumed to be limited to a few native Australian freshwater fishes. Juvenile stages of Galaxias truttaceus Valenciennes, 1846 were observed ‘climbing’ and ‘jumping’ to successfully negotiate a low, vertical weir wall during their upstream recruitment migrations in south-western Australia. Based on this observation, we propose initial definitions for ‘climbing’ and ‘jumping’ to describe locomotory strategies employed by fishes to negotiate obstacles that would otherwise prevent free passage by normal swimming behaviour. Greater knowledge of the climbing, jumping and swimming performance, especially for small-bodied species and early life stages, will help improve the management of instream barriers for this critically endangered species and other freshwater fishes of southern Australia.

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Sepúlveda, Maritza, Guido Pavez, Chris Harrod, and Daniel Gomez-Uchida. "Sighting of a Southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina in the Toltén River, southern Chile." Revista de Biología Marina y Oceanografía 53, no. 3 (January 10, 2019): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.22370/rbmo.2018.53.3.1367.

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The Southern elephant seal (SES) is a marine species that can be found at sea throughout the Southern Ocean on most sub-Antarctic islands. An unusual record of a solitary Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) in freshwater habitat is reported. The seal was found 16 km upstream from the mouth of the Toltén River, in southern Chile (39°9’S; 73°10’W). The individual was classified as a sub-adult male approximately 3 m in length. Potential causes for the unusual presence of the seal in a river include feeding on native estuarine fishes and non-native Chinook salmon or resting. Long lasting resting (5 days) in the Toltén River by the seal may indicate suitable habitat and/or lack of disturbance.

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Grobbelaar, Andri, Liesl L. Van As, Hennie J. B. Butler, and Jo G. Van As. "Ecology of Diplostomid (Trematoda: Digenea) Infection in Freshwater Fish in Southern Africa." African Zoology 49, no. 2 (October 2014): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3377/004.049.0206.

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Grobbelaar, Andri, Liesl L. Van As, Hennie J. B. Butler, and Jo G. Van As. "Ecology of diplostomid (Trematoda: Digenea) infection in freshwater fish in southern Africa." African Zoology 49, no. 2 (October 2014): 222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2014.11407638.

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Cumberlidge, Neil, and Savel R. Daniels. "A conservation assessment of the freshwater crabs of southern Africa (Brachyura: Potamonautidae)." African Journal of Ecology 46, no. 1 (March 2008): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2007.00815.x.

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Cumberlidge, Neil, Clare Fastiggi, and Paul F. Clark. "An updated checklist and key to the Zambian species of freshwater crabs, with the description of a new species of Potamonautes MacLeay, 1838 (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Potamonautidae)." Journal of Crustacean Biology 39, no. 4 (June 7, 2019): 419–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruz029.

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Abstract A new species of the freshwater crab genus PotamonautesMacLeay, 1838 from Mporokoso, northern Zambia, southern Africa is described. Potamonautes caputanatisn. sp. is morphologically distinct from other species of this genus found in Zambia and its neighboring countries. The new species is recognised by a unique combination of morphological characters of the carapace, thoracic sternum, major cheliped, and adult male first gonopod. Illustrations of P. caputanatisn. sp. are provided and differences with congeners found elsewhere in Zambia and southern Africa are discussed. The addition of P. caputanatis n. sp. raises the number of species of freshwater crabs known to occur in Zambia to eleven. An updated checklist and key are provided to the Zambian species of freshwater crabs.

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Warren, Melvin L., Brooks M. Burr, Stephen J. Walsh, Henry L. Bart, Robert C. Cashner, David A. Etnier, Byron J. Freeman, et al. "Diversity, Distribution, and Conservation Status of the Native Freshwater Fishes of the Southern United States." Fisheries 25, no. 10 (October 2000): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(2000)025<0007:ddacso>2.0.co;2.

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Volcan, M. V., Â. C. Gonçalves, and D. L. Guadagnin. "Length-weight relationship of three annual fishes (Rivulidae) from temporary freshwater wetlands of southern Brazil." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 29, no. 5 (May 7, 2013): 1188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jai.12214.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Freshwater fishes – Africa, Southern'

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