To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Freshwater fishes - Respiratory organs.
Journal articles on the topic 'Freshwater fishes - Respiratory organs'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Freshwater fishes - Respiratory organs.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Apriliani, Nurul Safitri, Hikmah Supriyati, and Muhammad Ja’far Luthfi. "Histological Study of Respiratory Organ of Betta sp." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 2 (March 1, 2019): 181–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v2.81.
Full textAbstract:
Betta sp. is a freshwater ornamental fish which also known as a fighting fish. One of the fundamental organs to support fishes life is respiratory organ. Fighting fish is belongs to the suborder Anabantoidei which means labyrinth fishes group. The aim of the study was to know histology of the respiratory organs of Betta sp. Histological preparations were done using paraffin method, stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). The result showed that Betta sp. has a respiratory organ common fish i.e gills and additional respiratory organ structure namely labyrinth and pseudobranch that makes Betta sp can survive in a low volume of water. The gill is consists of gill arch, gill raker, gill fillament and gill lamellae. The labyrinth is consist of connective tissue and folded ephitelium. Pseudobranch according to some literature function as an additional respiratory. Functions attributed to the pseudobranch include; regulation of oxygen to the eyes, enzyme production for use in the gas bladder, osmoregulation, and many others.
2
Yadav, Sapana, Shreoshi Haldar, Deepshikha, and Animesh Kumar Mohapatra. "Monocrotophos induced histopathological and biochemical Changes in gills, stomach and intestine of Anabas testudineus (Cuvier)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 11, no. 2 (June 10, 2019): 534–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v11i2.2110.
Full textAbstract:
Monocrotophos, an organophosphate pesticide is used frequently in paddy fields of India. Although its impact of toxicity has been reported in many organisms, its effect on digestive and respiratory organs in Anabas testudineus is scanty. The Present investigation was conducted to evaluate the impact of histopathological and biochemical indices on freshwater fish A.testudineus exposed to sub-lethal concentration (45 ppm) of an organophosphorous pesticide monocrotophos (MT). Severe histoarchitectural and biochemical changes were observed in fishes exposed to monocrotophos when compared to fishes of control group. Exposure of fishes to the pesticide resulted in induction of histological abnormalities in gills, stomach and intestine. This was accompanied with reduction in total protein content and an elevation in catalase activity in gills, stomach and intestine. These structural alterations of the gills, stomach and intestine could affect respiration, digestion and absorption of nutrients which in turn could adversely affect growth and survival of the freshwater fish A. testudineus. The result of this investigation serves as a biomonitoring tool for the effects of organophosphorous pesticide MT on the aquatic biota.
3
Wendelaar Bonga, S. E. "The stress response in fish." Physiological Reviews 77, no. 3 (July 1, 1997): 591–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physrev.1997.77.3.591.
Full textAbstract:
The stress response in teleost fish shows many similarities to that of the terrestrial vertebrates. These concern the principal messengers of the brain-sympathetic-chromaffin cell axis (equivalent of the brain-sympathetic-adrenal medulla axis) and the brain-pituitary-interrenal axis (equivalent of the brain-pituitary-adrenal axis), as well as their functions, involving stimulation of oxygen uptake and transfer, mobilization of energy substrates, reallocation of energy away from growth and reproduction, and mainly suppressive effects on immune functions. There is also growing evidence for intensive interaction between the neuroendocrine system and the immune system in fish. Conspicuous differences, however, are present, and these are primarily related to the aquatic environment of fishes. For example, stressors increase the permeability of the surface epithelia, including the gills, to water and ions, and thus induce systemic hydromineral disturbances. High circulating catecholamine levels as well as structural damage to the gills and perhaps the skin are prime causal factors. This is associated with increased cellular turnover in these organs. In fish, cortisol combines glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid actions, with the latter being essential for the restoration of hydromineral homeostasis, in concert with hormones such as prolactin (in freshwater) and growth hormone (in seawater). Toxic stressors are part of the stress literature in fish more so than in mammals. This is mainly related to the fact that fish are exposed to aquatic pollutants via the extensive and delicate respiratory surface of the gills and, in seawater, also via drinking. The high bioavailability of many chemicals in water is an additional factor. Together with the variety of highly sensitive perceptive mechanisms in the integument, this may explain why so many pollutants evoke an integrated stress response in fish in addition to their toxic effects at the cell and tissue levels. Exposure to chemicals may also directly compromise the stress response by interfering with specific neuroendocrine control mechanisms. Because hydromineral disturbance is inherent to stress in fish, external factors such as water pH, mineral composition, and ionic calcium levels have a significant impact on stressor intensity. Although the species studied comprise a small and nonrepresentative sample of the almost 20,000 known teleost species, there are many indications that the stress response is variable and flexible in fish, in line with the great diversity of adaptations that enable these animals to live in a large variety of aquatic habitats.
4
Dykova, Iva, Jiri Lom, Jill M. Schroeder-Diedrich, Gregory C. Booton, and Thomas J. Byers. "Acanthamoeba Strains Isolated from Organs of Freshwater Fishes." Journal of Parasitology 85, no. 6 (December 1999): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3285675.
Full text
5
Dyková, I., I. Kyselová, H. Pecková, M. Oborník, and J. Lukes. "Identity of Naegleria strains isolated from organs of freshwater fishes." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 46 (2001): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao046115.
Full text
6
Jones, A., and L. F. Khalil. "Characterisation of the muscular organs of paramphistomes from African freshwater fishes." Systematic Parasitology 16, no. 3 (July 1990): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00009150.
Full text
7
Kumar, Deepak. "Air-breathing organs and Nervous control of respiration in Freshwater fishes." Research Journal of Science and Technology 12, no. 2 (2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-2988.2020.00018.2.
Full text
8
Bibi, Fehmeeda, Shafqat Nawaz Qaisrani, Mazhar Ayaz, Mudasser Nazir, Atif Nisar Ahmad, Mian Muhammad Awais, Bushra Nisar Khan, and Masood Akhtar. "Occurrence of endoparasites in some selected fishes of Chenab river, Pakistan." Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 46, no. 1 (July 26, 2018): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjz.v46i1.37626.
Full textAbstract:
The current study was carried out to evaluate prevalence of endoparasites in freshwater fishes of Chenab River. The fish samples were collected from Chenab River during November 2014 to March 2015. In total, 285 fishes were examined for parasites, of which 75 fishes (26.1% of the total sample) were infected with parasites. Among the species, prevalence of infection was maximum in Rita rita (60%) and in Labeo rohita (37.5%). The minimum prevalence was, however, recorded in Oreochromis aureus (16.7%) and no parasite was found in Mastacembatus armatus. Among the organs, highest prevalence of endoparasites was observed in the intestine (43%) and gall bladder (33.2%). The prevalence of nematode and trematode was found higher (29 and 21%, respectively) in all fishes. It was revealed that the diversity of endoparasites in freshwater fishes is high. Since the use of fish as a ready source of food is increasing, therefore, the overall health status of fish in a system is becoming more valuable.Bangladesh J. Zool. 46(1): 53-61, 2018
9
Banerjee, T. K. "Histopathology of respiratory organs of certain air-breathing fishes of India." Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 33, no. 4 (August 21, 2007): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10695-007-9170-5.
Full text
10
Sarder, Halima, Tahsin Khan, Mihir Lal Saha, Nusrat Jahan Punom, Shankar Chandra Mandal, and Mohammad Shamsur Rahman. "Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from freshwater fishes." Journal of Fisheries 4, no. 3 (December 31, 2016): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.17017/jfish.v4i3.2016.177.
Full textAbstract:
Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic microorganism. It is a secondary biological agent that contributes to the occurrence of fish diseases and its deterioration. This research was undertaken to determine the prevalence of A. hydrophila in some freshwater fishes collected from three different fish markets of Dhaka City and to test their antibiotic susceptibility. Total bacterial count and total aeromonas on different aeromonas selective media were enumerated using serial dilution technique. Bacterial isolates were characterized to identify A. hydrophila using biochemical tests and with comparison to reference strain (ATCC 7966). The lowest Aeromonas count was detected to be 2.83±0.40×102 cfu/g in Anabas testudineus and the highest was 1.03±0.153×103 cfu/g in Oreochromis mossambicus. On market basis highest aeromonas count was found in Anando Bazar (8.10±1.09×102 cfu/g) and lowest in Hatirpool Bazar (5.63±0.90×102 cfu/g) with no significant difference. Maximum susceptibility to amikacin and gentamicin was observed whereas all of the isolates were found resistant to a commonly used antibiotic amoxycillin. The obtained results point that antimicrobial susceptibility was more or less similar regardless of the origin of the samples collected. All the fishes investigated in this study contained A. hydrophila in their different organs.
11
Pavanato, Maria Amália, Bernardo Baldisserotto, Roni João Rakoski, and Olga Martins Mimura. "Transepithelial potential difference of the intestine and gallbladder of Hoplias malabaricus, a freshwater teleost. effect of urotensins I and II." Ciência e Natura 18, no. 18 (December 9, 1996): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x26607.
Full textAbstract:
This study analyzed the effect of the injection of urotensin I (UI) and urotensis II (UII) on the stabilization of the transepithelial potential difference (TPD) of the medium intestine, rectum, and gallbladder of Hoplias malabaricus to investigate if the transport of ions in these organs is affected "in vivo" by these neurohormones. The TPD of the medium intestine, rectum and gallbladder was serosa positive, and remained constant since the first measurement. The injection of both urotensins did not alter the stabilization of the TPD of the medium intestine and rectum when compared with saline-injected group. The injection of UI increased the TPD of the gallbladder in the beginning (0-10 min) of the stabilization period and in the interval of 20-30 min of the stabilization period when fishes were killed 2h and 4h after the injection, respectively, in relation to saline-injected group. The UII injection increased the TPD of the gallbladder only in the beginning (time 0) of the stabilization period in relation to saline when fishes were killed 2h after the injection. No changes in the TPD of the studied organs were detected when fishes were killed 4h after the injection of UII. This study confirms the hypothesis that UI and UII can participate in the regulation of the composition of the bile of fishes, since the injection of both hormones altered the TPD of the gallbladder of H. malabaricus.
12
Roberts, John L., and David M. Rowell. "Periodic respiration of gill-breathing fishes." Canadian Journal of Zoology 66, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 182–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z88-025.
Full textAbstract:
Rhythmic and arrhythmic patterns of breathing are common among gill-breathing fishes. Irregular, short bouts of apnea occur in most fishes during feeding, while long apneic periods are routine for many open-water fishes such as scombrids, which ram ventilate during cruise swimming. During ram ventilation, the work of gill ventilation is transferred from the respiratory to the swimming musculature, with energy savings due to reductions in drag and inertial losses. Noncontinuous swimmers, such as some benthic and midwater marine and freshwater species, seldom cease rhythmic respiratory movements or resort to ram ventilation. When quiescent, they may adopt patterns of secondary cycling, alternating between respiratory pauses and short periods of rhythmic branchial pumping. Types and locations of chemo- and mechano-receptors that trigger changes in respiratory patterns of fish are being identified, as are the reflex pathways linking them to brainstem respiratory centers. A new mechanoreceptor is described that overlies the adductor mandibulae jaw muscles and may be of use in the modulation of cyclic respiratory movements. Respiratory switching control between rhythmic and ram gill ventilation is discussed.
13
Mauceri, Angela, Salvatore Fasulo, Francesco Minniti, Patrizia Lo Cascio, Maria Maisano, and Giacomo Zaccone. "Neurochemical features of the innervation of respiratory organs in some air‐breathing fishes." Italian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 3 (January 2005): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250000509356669.
Full text
14
Korablina, I. V., T. O. Barabashin, G. V. Gevorkyan, and A. I. Evseeva. "Heavy metals in the organs and tissues of fishing fishes freshwater objects of the North Caucasian region." Trudy VNIRO 177 (2019): 151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36038/2307-3497-2019-177-151-166.
Full text
15
El-Jeni, Rim, Monia El Bour, Pilar Calo-Mata, Karola Böhme, Inmaculada C. Fernández-No, Jorge Barros-Velázquez, and Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar. "In vitro probiotic profiling of novel Enterococcus faecium and Leuconostoc mesenteroides from Tunisian freshwater fishes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 62, no. 1 (January 2016): 60–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjm-2015-0481.
Full textAbstract:
Novel lactic acid bacteria isolated from different organs of freshwater fish were examined for their potential application as probiotics in raw and processed foods. Four isolates of Enterococcus faecium and Leuconostoc mesenteroides were identified at the molecular level by 16S rRNA sequencing and random amplification of polymorphic DNA – polymerase chain reaction, and their antimicrobial activity against a panel of pathogens and food-poisoning bacteria was investigated. The whole bacteriocins of the 4 isolates were characterized by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequences in PCR. The isolates exhibited high inhibitory activities against food-borne pathogens and spoilage microbial species and have significant probiotic profiles, since they survived at pH 3.0 and in the presence of bile salts, pancreatin, and pepsin, without any detectable hemolytic activity. Further, moderate heat resistance, adhesion ability to steel surfaces, and sensitivity to clinically relevant antimicrobial agents were revealed for all the isolates. These results highlight the specific probiotic properties of the strains and give evidence for potential application in minimally processed foods subjected to moderate heat processing.
16
Conway, Kevin W., Ralf Britz, and Dustin S. Siegel. "Different on the inside: extreme swimbladder sexual dimorphism in the South Asian torrent minnows." Biology Letters 10, no. 7 (July 2014): 20140348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2014.0348.
Full textAbstract:
The swimbladder plays an important role in buoyancy regulation but is typically reduced or even absent in benthic freshwater fishes that inhabit fast flowing water. Here, we document, for the first time, a remarkable example of swimbladder sexual dimorphism in the highly rheophilic South Asian torrent minnows ( Psilorhynchus ). The male swimbladder is not only much larger than that of the female (up to five times the diameter and up to 98 times the volume in some cases), but is also structurally more complex, with multiple internal septa dividing it into smaller chambers. Males also exhibit a strange organ of unknown function or homology in association with the swimbladder that is absent in females. Extreme sexual dimorphism of non-gonadal internal organs is rare among vertebrates and the swimbladder sexual dimorphisms that we describe for Psilorhynchus are unique among fishes.
17
Nordin, I. L., N. Ibrahim, S. A. Ahmad, N. l. Hamidin, F. A. Dahalan, and M. Y. Abd Shukor. "Endosulfan Toxicity to Anabas testudineus and Histopathological Changes on Vital Organs." E3S Web of Conferences 34 (2018): 02055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183402055.
Full textAbstract:
The toxicity of endosulfan, an organochlorine type insecticide to a commonly consumed freshwater fish species, A. testudineus (40.68±9.03 g; 13.49±0.99 cm), was investigated under static conditions. The nominal endosulfan concentrations ranging from 10 to 80 μg/L subjected to the fish population results in 96-hour median lethal concentration, LC50, of 35.2±3.99 μg/L. The toxicity is a function of both endosulfan concentration and exposure time (p>0.05). Histopathological analysis on vital organs exposed to sublethal concentrations indicates that structural changes started at sublethal dose and the effects aggravated with increasing endosulfan concentration. Gill was found to experience aneurism, hyperplasia in lamellar and autolysis of mast cell. Pyknotic nuclei and necrosis were observed in liver cell, while the lumen of renal tubule was found to narrow and haemorrhage was observed in cytoplasm cell. High LC50 compared to other fishes indicates that A. testudineus has high tolerant to endosulfan, however, endosulfan slowly alters the fish biochemistry and is potentially transferable to human
18
Whitehead, Darryl, and Shaun Collin. "The functional roles of passive electroreception in non-electric fishes." Animal Biology 54, no. 1 (2004): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157075604323010024.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPassive electroreception is a complex and specialised sense found in a large range of aquatic vertebrates primarily designed for the detection of weak bioelectric fields. Particular attention has traditionally focused on cartilaginous fishes, but a range of teleost and non-teleost fishes from a diversity of habitats have also been examined. As more species are investigated, it has become apparent that the role of electroreception in fishes is not restricted to locating prey, but is utilised in other complex behaviours. This paper presents the various functional roles of passive electroreception in non-electric fishes, by reviewing much of the recent research on the detection of prey in the context of differences in species' habitat (shallow water, deep-sea, freshwater and saltwater). A special case study on the distribution and neural groupings of ampullary organs in the omnihaline bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, is also presented and reveals that prey-capture, rather than navigation, may be an important determinant of pore distribution. The discrimination between potential predators and conspecifics and the role of bioelectric stimuli in social behaviour is discussed, as is the ability to migrate over short or long distances in order to locate environmentally favourable conditions. The various theories proposed regarding the importance and mediation of geomagnetic orientation by either an electroreceptive and/or a magnetite-based sensory system receives particular attention. The importance of electroreception to many species is emphasised by highlighting what still remains to be investigated, especially with respect to the physical, biochemical and neural properties of the ampullary organs and the signals that give rise to the large range of observed behaviours.
19
Ferro, Juan Pablo, Lucrecia Ferrari, and Bettina Lorena Eissa. "Acute toxicity of cadmium to freshwater fishes and its relationship with body size and respiratory strategy." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 248 (October 2021): 109109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109109.
Full text
20
Deshpande, A. S., S. B. Zade, and S. R. Sitre. "Histopathological changes in the gill architecture of Labeo rohita from the pond adjacent to thermal power station, Koradi, Nagpur, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 3, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 284–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v3i2.198.
Full textAbstract:
The hazardous effect of water pollution on the histopathology of selected organs of the freshwater fish Labeo rohita was studied with respect to thermal power plant effluent. The purpose of this research paper is to study whether the thermal plume can affect fish assemblages in the waters around the outlet area of the thermal power plant located at Koradi near Nagpur city. Both experimental and control fishes were monitored for a year from March 2010 to Feb. 2011. Histopathology serve as a tool to assess the extent of damage caused to the organism.Gill tissue showed fusion of primary lamellae, congestion of blood vessels and hyperplasia of bronchial plates. The histopathological changes in the gill tissue include epithelial hyperplasia, curling of secondary lamellae and changes in chloride cells. Besides these changes pyknotic nuclei, vacuolization, degradation of epithelial and pillar cells, were noticed, which point out towards deleterious effect of thermal power plant effluent on the freshwater fish L. rohita.
21
Marzullo, Teagan A., Barbara E. Wueringer, Lyle Squire Jnr, and Shaun P. Collin. "Description of the mechanoreceptive lateral line and electroreceptive ampullary systems in the freshwater whipray, Himantura dalyensis." Marine and Freshwater Research 62, no. 6 (2011): 771. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf10156.
Full textAbstract:
Mechanoreceptive and electroreceptive anatomical specialisations in freshwater elasmobranch fishes are largely unknown. The freshwater whipray, Himantura dalyensis, is one of a few Australian elasmobranch species that occur in low salinity (oligohaline) environments. The distribution and morphology of the mechanoreceptive lateral line and the electroreceptive ampullae of Lorenzini were investigated by dissection and compared with previous studies on related species. The distribution of the pit organs resembles that of a marine ray, Dasyatis sabina, although their orientation differs. The lateral line canals of H. dalyensis are distributed similarly compared with two marine relatives, H. gerrardi and D. sabina. However, convolutions of the ventral canals and proliferations of the infraorbital canal are more extensive in H. dalyensis than H. gerrardi. The intricate nature of the ventral, non-pored canals suggests a mechanotactile function, as previously demonstrated in D. sabina. The ampullary system of H. dalyensis is not typical of an obligate freshwater elasmobranch (i.e. H. signifer), and its morphology and pore distribution resembles those of marine dasyatids. These results suggest that H. dalyensis is euryhaline, with sensory systems adapted similarly to those described in marine and estuarine species.
22
Boone, Evan C., Jeffrey R. Laursen, Robert E. Colombo, Scott J. Meiners, Michael F. Romani, and Devon B. Keeney. "Infection patterns and molecular data reveal host and tissue specificity ofPosthodiplostomumspecies in centrarchid hosts." Parasitology 145, no. 11 (March 12, 2018): 1458–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182018000306.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractPosthodiplostomum minimumutilizes a three-host life cycle with multiple developmental stages. The metacercarial stage, commonly known as ‘white grub’, infects the visceral organs of many freshwater fishes and was historically considered a host generalist due to its limited morphological variation among a wide range of hosts. In this study, infection data and molecular techniques were used to evaluate the host and tissue specificity ofPosthodiplostomummetacercariae in centrarchid fishes. Eleven centrarchid species from three genera were collected from the Illinois portion of the Ohio River drainage and necropsied.Posthodiplostomuminfection levels differed significantly by host age, host genera and infection locality. ThreePosthodiplostomumspp. were identified by DNA sequencing, two of which were relatively common within centrarchid hosts. Both common species were host specialists at the genus level, with one species restricted toMicropterushosts and the other preferentially infectingLepomis. Host specificity is likely dictated by physiological compatibility and deviations fromLepomishost specificity may be related to host hybridization.Posthodiplostomumspecies also differed in their utilization of host tissues. Neither common species displayed strong genetic structure over the scale of this study, likely due to their utilization of bird definitive hosts.
23
Adamek-Urbańska, Dobrochna, Ewelina Błażewicz, Magdalena Sobień, Robert Kasprzak, and Maciej Kamaszewski. "Histological Study of Suprabranchial Chamber Membranes in Anabantoidei and Clariidae Fishes." Animals 11, no. 4 (April 17, 2021): 1158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041158.
Full textAbstract:
Accessory respiratory organs (AROs) are a group of anatomical structures found in fish, which support the gills and skin in the process of oxygen uptake. AROs are found in many fish taxa and differ significantly, but in the suborder Anabantoidei, which has a labyrinth organ (LO), and the family Clariidae, which has a dendritic organ (DO), these structures are found in the suprabranchial cavity (SBC). In this study, the SBC walls, AROs, and gills were studied in anabantoid (Betta splendens, Ctenopoma acutirostre, Helostoma temminckii) and clariid (Clarias angolensis, Clarias batrachus) fishes. The histological structure of the investigated organs was partially similar, especially in relation to their connective tissue core; however, there were noticeable differences in the epithelial layer. There were no significant species-specific differences in the structure of the AROs within the two taxa, but the SBC walls had diversified structures, depending on the observed location. The observed differences between species suggest that the remarkable physiological and morphological plasticity of the five investigated species can be associated with structural variety within their AROs. Furthermore, based on the observed histology of the SBC walls, it is reasonable to conclude that this structure participates in the process of gas exchange, not only in clariid fish but also in anabantoids.
24
MORAES, G., I. M. AVILEZ, A. E. ALTRAN, and C. C. BARBOSA. "Biochemical and hematological responses of the banded knife fish Gymnotus carapo (Linnaeus, 1758) exposed to environmental hypoxia." Brazilian Journal of Biology 62, no. 4a (November 2002): 633–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842002000400011.
Full textAbstract:
Oxygen of tropical freshwater environments fluctuates drastically. Eutrophic lakes and ponds of warm waters frequently reach very low oxygen concentrations. This is the most common habitat of the banded knife fish "tuvira" Gymnotus carapo. This electric fish is reported to present bimodal breathing to cope with low environmental oxygen. Biochemical responses can be also observed in fishes facing hypoxia but none were studied in tuvira. In the present study, haematological and metabolic changes were investigated in two groups of fish exposed to hypoxia for 1 and 3 hours. Haematocrit, red blood cells and haemoglobin concentration indicated erythrocyte release from hematopoietic organs and swelling of red blood cells. Glycogen, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and amino acids were quantified in liver, kidney and white muscle. The metabolic profile of G. carapo to cope with hypoxia suggested liver gluconeogenesis probably supported by proteolysis. The kidney and liver presented the same biochemical trend suggesting similar metabolic role for both organs. Glucogenolysis followed by glucose fermentation and protein mobilisation was observed in the white muscle. The air breathing behaviour of tuvira works in parallel with metabolism to prevent damages from hypoxia. Metabolic adjustments are observed when the air taking is avoided.
25
OGAWA, K. "Diseases of cultured marine fishes caused by Platyhelminthes (Monogenea, Digenea, Cestoda)." Parasitology 142, no. 1 (July 7, 2014): 178–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182014000808.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYMariculture is a rapidly developing industrial sector. Generally, fish are maintained in net cages with high density. Cage culture systems allow uncontrolled flow of sea water containing potentially infectious stages of fish parasites. In such culture conditions, prevention of such parasitic infections is difficult for parasites with life cycles that complete within culture sites, among which monogeneans and blood flukes are the most important platyhelminthes. Intense monogenean infections induce respiratory and osmo-regulatory dysfunctions. A variety of control measures have been developed, including freshwater bath treatment and chemotherapy. The potential to control monogenean infections through selective breeding, modified culture techniques to avoid infection, and general fish health management are discussed. It should be noted that mariculture conditions have provided some host-specific monogeneans with a chance to expand their host ranges. Blood flukes sometimes induce mass mortality among farmed fish. In-feed administration of praziquantel is the best solution to treat infected fish. Some cases are described that show how international trade in marine fish has resulted in the spread of hitherto unknown parasites into indigenous farmed and wild fish.
26
Xie, Liqiang, Atsushi Yokoyama, Koya Nakamura, and Hodong Park. "Accumulation of microcystins in various organs of the freshwater snail Sinotaia histrica and three fishes in a temperate lake, the eutrophic Lake Suwa, Japan." Toxicon 49, no. 5 (April 2007): 646–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.11.004.
Full text
27
Rudnicki, Cácia Aparecida Mendes, Gisele Cristiane Melo, Lucélia Donatti, Helena Gonçalves Kawall, and Edith Fanta. "Gills of juvenile fish piaractus mesopotamicus as histological biomarkers for experimental sub-lethal contamination with the Organophosphorus Azodrin®400." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 52, no. 6 (December 2009): 1431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132009000600015.
Full textAbstract:
Piaractus mesopotamicus is a freshwater native fish from rivers of the Paraná-Paraguay Basin and of the Pantanal region and has been used for repopulation programs in Brazil. Juvenile fishes were exposed to the sub-lethal dose of 1.08mg/L of the OP Azodrin®400 containing 0.43µL/L of the active principle monocrotophos for 96 h. A frequent pathology in the gills at all times of exposure was epithelial detachment, from minimal until 24 h of exposure, to intense after 48 h of contamination. Deformed pillar cells in the respiratory lamellae leading to irregular blood spaces and blood congestion, as well as hyperplasia and lamellar fusion were observed. These histopathologies suggested that 48 h after T0 was an important time when a reduction in the capability for gaseous exchange with consequent weakening of the fishes' condition could occur. This could impair growth and development of juveniles introduced in water bodies for repopulation programs.
28
OVERATH, P., J. HAAG, M. G. MAMEZA, and A. LISCHKE. "Freshwater fish trypanosomes: definition of two types, host control by antibodies and lack of antigenic variation." Parasitology 119, no. 6 (December 1999): 591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182099005089.
Full textAbstract:
Haemoflagellates of the genus Trypanosoma are prevalent in freshwater fishes and are transmitted by leeches as vectors. As demonstrated by sequence comparisons of nuclear small subunit rRNA genes, trypanosomes isolated from several fish species at different localities can be divided into at least 2 closely related types, designated Type A and Type B. A clone derived from a Type A isolate from carp (Cyprinus carpio) was used to study the anti-parasite immune response in specified pathogen-free outbred carp. Infection leads to an initial rise in parasitaemia in the blood followed by a sharp decline in all fish (acute phase). Thereafter, in some carp, parasites become undetectable both in the blood and in internal organs while, in others, low numbers can be found in the blood for up to 1 year (chronic phase). Fish that have controlled an acute infection with the clone are not only protected against an homologous challenge infection, but also against the infection with parasite lines derived from carp in the chronic phase of infection. Passive immunization experiments with IgM purified from serum of recovered carp indicate that the infection is controlled by antibodies. The anti-parasite antibody level in recovered carp remains high for many months although the parasitaemia is controlled at very low levels and the half life of IgM, t1/2=22·5 days, is comparatively short. The effective control of trypanosomes in laboratory infections is in contrast to the high prevalence in natural and farmed freshwater fish populations.
29
Duncan, Wallice Paxiúba, Maria Isabel da Silva, and Marisa Narciso Fernandes. "Gill dimensions in near-term embryos of Amazonian freshwater stingrays (Elasmobranchii: Potamotrygonidae) and their relationship to the lifestyle and habitat of neonatal pups." Neotropical Ichthyology 13, no. 1 (March 2015): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20140132.
Full textAbstract:
This comparative study of gill morphometrics in near-term embryos of freshwater stingray potamotrygonids examines gill dimensions in relation to neonatal lifestyle and habitat. In embryos of the potamotrygonids Paratrygon aiereba, Plesiotrygon iwamae, Potamotrygon motoro, Potamotrygon orbignyi, and cururu ray Potamotrygon sp. the number and length of filaments, total gill surface area, mass-specific surface area, water-blood diffusion distance, and anatomical diffusion factor were analysed. In all potamotrygonids, the 3rd branchial arch possessed a larger respiratory surface than the other gill arches. Larger embryos had more gill surface area and large spiracles, which are necessary to maintain the high oxygen uptake needed due to their larger body size. However, the higher mass-specific gill surface area observed in near-term embryos may be advantageous because neonates can use hypoxic environments as refuges against predators, as well as catch small prey that inhabit the same environment. As expected from their benthic mode of life, freshwater stingrays are sluggish animals compared to pelagic fishes. However, based on gill respiratory morphometry (such as gill area, mass-specific gill area, the water-blood diffusion barrier, anatomical diffusion factor, and relative opening of the spiracle), subtypes of lifestyles can be observed corresponding to: active, intermediate, and sluggish species according to Gray's scale.
30
Parihar, M. S., and A. K. Dubey. "Lipid peroxidation and ascorbic acid status in respiratory organs of male and female freshwater catfish Heteropneustes fossilis exposed to temperature increase." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Endocrinology 112, no. 3 (November 1995): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(95)02025-x.
Full text
31
REZA, WATINI, MD TAREQUL ISLAM, MD HELAL UDDIN, KIZAR AHMED SUMON, and HARUNUR RASHID. "Histopathological changes in the internal organs of female striped gourami (Trichogaster fasciata) exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of salt water." Bangladesh Journal of Fisheries 32, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52168/bjf.2020.32.28.
Full textAbstract:
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of climate induced salinity on histoarchitecture of liver, kidney and ovary tissue of female striped gourami (Trichogaster fasciata) exposed tothree sub-lethal concentrations (3, 6 and 9 ppt) of crude salt along with a control group (0 ppt) for a periodof 30 days. The 96-h LC50 value of crude salt for striped gourami was previously estimated as 11.107 ppt. Toconduct the experiment 12 plastic tanks each having 70L water holding capacity were used for the fourtreatments with three replications for each. Water exchange was done on every 10th day and crude salt wasused to maintain desired salinity. Several histopathological changes were observed in fish liver, kidney andovary exposed to different concentrations of salinity. Increasing necrosis, hemorrhage, hepatic rupture,melano-macrophage cells, degenerated cell and vacuums in the liver tissue were found in salt water treatedgroups. Similarly, a number of changes such as, vacuole, cellular degeneration, hemorrhage, disintegratedglomeruli, destructed renal tubule and extensive vacuolein were observed in the kidney tissue of salt watertreated groups. Degenerated oocyte, inter-follicular space, disrupted oocytes, etc. were observed in ovarywith increasing concentration of salinity and time of exposures. Physiological and metabolic dysfunctionsmight have happened to female stripped gourami due to changes in vital internal organs like liver, kidney andovary. Therefore, the present research further suggested that climate induced salinity intrusion is capable ofstressing freshwater fishes resulting in deformities of liver, kidney and ovary.
32
Lashchenova, T. N., Lydia G. Bondareva, N. E. Fedorova, and V. N. Rakitsky. "DETECTION OF PATHWAYS OF TRITIUM ENTRY INTO FRESHWATER ORGANISMS IN THE EXPLOITATION OF THE MINING AND CHEMICAL COMBINE." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 9 (March 27, 2019): 844–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-9-844-848.
Full textAbstract:
The global pollution of the environment and the functioning of the Mining and Chemical Combine (MCC), Rosatom State Corporation are potential sources of tritium in the Yenisei River ecosystem. The distribution of residual tritium in organs and tissues of the freshwater rayfinned fish Carassius gibelio (Prussian carp) as a representative of the Carassius phytophagous genus of Cyprinidae family was studied for the determination of the 3Н accumulation in the aquatic plants-fishes food chain in water bodies contaminated with radionuclides. At the first stage, the work was done on the accumulation of tritium by the biomass of hydrobiont plants. To do this, 3000 g of biomass in terms of wet weight were placed in aquaria with a volume of 100 liters with specific water activity of 100 kBq/l. The work shows mentioned aquatic plants to accumulate actively the introduced tritium, storing up to 70% of the radionuclide. At the same time, the content of organically bound tritium in biomass increased to 21% of total accumulated tritium. Then the plants (hornwort, duckweed) were dried, mixed with dry fish food (1: 1), and the mixture was compressed into pellets, each with activity up to 50 Bq. The pellets were used for forcible feeding of fish, during the experiment, each individual absorbed up to 330 kBq of tritium radionuclide for 550 days. Studies have shown about 75% of the total accumulated amount of tritium in fish specimens to present in muscle tissue. When determining the content of tritium in proteins and lipids in experimental systems, no specific features have been revealed in the use of Ceratophyllum and Lemna as a source of nutrition.
33
Singh, Upma, Rishikesh K. Tiwari, and Ravi S. Pandey. "Physicochemical Characteristics of Fertilizer Industry Effluent and its Toxicological Impact on the Activity of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in Freshwater Teleosts Heteropneustes fossilis and Labeo rohita." Croatian Journal of Fisheries 77, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjf-2019-0008.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Industrial revolution is a good indicator of economic development of a country; however, it can be a threat to the flora and fauna if the untreated effluent of an industry is discharged. The present study is aimed to assess the comparative toxicological impacts of treated and untreated industrial effluents on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in Heteropneustes fossilis and Labeo rohita, the most common edible fishes having diverse characters which include differences in morphology, habitat, food and feeding, etc. The physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), alkalinity, hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), phosphate, sulphate, nitrate, free ammonia, chloride, zinc, iron, chromium and potassium of both untreated and treated effluent from the fertilizer industry were also analyzed as these parameters were not in range as per ISO guidelines. The LC50 value for untreated effluent was 2.34% (v/v) and 0.80% (v/v) for 96 h in H. fossilis and L. rohita, respectively, while no mortality was recorded in the treated effluent. The AChE activity in both fish species was found to decline in metabolically responsive organs like brain, muscle and gills through exposure to sub-lethal concentrations (1/15th, 1/10th and 1/5th of LC50 value) of the untreated effluent for 96 h. Further studies on biochemical and molecular aspects may reveal the mechanism of their action.
34
Zuim, S. M. Fontes, and M. Macari. "Effects of acute heat exposure on respiratory metabolism and blood glucose in freshwater fishes, Prochilodus scrofa (curimbatá) and Cyprinus carpio (carp) acclimatized to tropical winter." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 80, no. 3 (January 1985): 287–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(85)90038-6.
Full text
35
Ramudu, Kurva Raghu, B. Chamundeswari Devi, and B. Pavan Kumar. "Therapeutic management of Argulosis in Carp ponds, Andhra Pradesh, India." International Journal of Medicine 3, no. 2 (July 31, 2015): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijm.v3i2.5006.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Background:</strong> The genus <em>Argulus</em> sp. belongs to class Crustacea (Branchiura), which is commonly called as fish louse. These are common parasites on freshwater fish like carps (Both Indian Major Carps and Exotic Carps).</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong>The aim of present study is to determine the prevalence, severity of infestation and control measures of Argulosis in Carp ponds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the present work about 233 fishes were examined, 53 were found infected (22.74%) and severity of infestation varied from 0.5 to 2. <em>Argulus</em> sp. were found and infected various organs such as dorsal fins, anal fin, pectoral fins, pelvic fins and head region of carps.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study also, brings about the conclusion that the prevalence rate of <em>Argulus</em> sp. is high in <em>Labeo rohita</em> followed by <em>Cirrhinus mrigala</em> and <em>Catla catl</em>a respectively. </p>
36
Barros, L. A., R. Tortelly, R. M. Pinto, and D. C. Gomes. "Effects of experimental infections with larvae of Eustrongylides ignotus Jäegerskiold, 1909 and Contracaecum multipapillatum (Drasche, 1882) Baylis, 1920 in rabbits." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 56, no. 3 (June 2004): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352004000300007.
Full textAbstract:
Rabbits were infected per os with 10 Eustrongylides ignotus L4 and with 50 Contracaecum multipapillatum L3 per rabbit, recovered from naturally infected freshwater fishes (Hoplias malabaricus) in order to evaluate the patogenicity of these two nematode species in mammalian host. Two rabbits (20%) infected with E. ignotus died before the fourth day post-inoculation (one after 51 and the other after 78 hours). Six rabbits (60%) were inappetent until the fifth day following experimental inoculation. No clinical signs in rabbits inoculated with C. multipapillatum were observed; nevertheless, eight (80%) animals were positive for this nematode species. Rabbits inoculated with E. ignotus, had gastric congestion with hematoma of the gastric wall in 60% of the cases. Peritoneum was congested in 20% of the animals with the presence of peritoneal abscess in 10% of the cases. All inoculated animals showed hyperemia of the gastric mucosa with hemorrhagic gastritis due to infections with E. ignotus. In C. multipapillatum inoculated animals, the hyperemia was followed by disruption of the epithelial mucosa in the sites of parasite attachment. In the gastric mucosa, miscellaneous leukocitary infiltrates, with multifocal necrosis reaching the submucosa in the infections with C. multipapillatum were observed under bright field microscopy. Perforating lesions in several organs, mainly in the gastric wall, pancreas and liver, always in the presence of a mixed inflammatory process, intensely fibrous, with hemorrhage and necrosis were observed in animals infected with E. ignotus.
37
McMAHON, BRIAN R., and WARREN W. BURGGREN. "Respiratory Physiology of Intestinal Air Breathing in the Teleost Fish Misgurnus Anguillicaudatus." Journal of Experimental Biology 133, no. 1 (November 1, 1987): 371–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.133.1.371.
Full textAbstract:
The Japanese weatherloaeh (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Cantor) can exchange gases both with water, via gills and skin, and with air, via the posterior region of the alimentary canal (intestine). Air breathing occurs by unidirectional ventilation of the alimentary canal with air taken in at the mouth and simultaneous expulsion of intestinal gas from the vent. Although the weatherloaeh is not an obligate air-breather, aerial gas exchange normally occurs even at 10°C in air-saturated water. The alimentary canal was examined histologically to assess differences in capillary density and distribution and the diffusion distance for gases across those regions modified for aerial respiration. A respirometer system specifically designed for 2- to 3-g fish allowed continuous measurement of O2 and CO2 exchange via both aquatic and aerial routes at rest and at various ambient temperatures, and respiratory gas partial pressures. Air ventilation volumes, O2 and CO2 partial pressures of exhaled gas, O2 extraction, and O2 and CO2 exchange via the intestine were also determined, allowing the role of the intestine in total gas exchange in the weatherloaeh to be determined and compared with aerial gas exchange organs in other fishes. The alimentary canal is divided into three zones, an anterior glandular portion separated by a spiral section from the posterior, respiratory zone which has the greatest capillary densities and shortest gas diffusion distances. At rest (20°C), the intestine takes up about 20% of total O2 but accounts for less than 3 % of total CO2 elimination (gas exchange ratio = 0.08 for intestine). O2 extraction averages 50%. Increasing temperature causes only slight increases in total metabolic rate (Q10 for MOO2= 1.5-1.8), but highly significant increases in intestinal gas exchange relative to total gas exchange develop as temperature rises. Intestinal gas exchange also rises with decreasing O2 availability. A strong hypoxic drive and weak hypercapnic drive exist for aerial ventilation of the intestine, but are reduced or absent for aquatic ventilation of the gills. In spite of having to function in respiration, absorption, secretion and buoyancy regulation, the potential effectiveness of intestinal gas exchange is shown to be similar to that of other structures used for aerial gas exchange in facultative air-breathing fish.
38
Hare, Landis, André Tessier, and Peter G. C. Campbell. "Trace Element Distributions in Aquatic Insects: Variations among Genera, Elements, and Lakes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 1481–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-176.
Full textAbstract:
The distribution patterns of trace element contaminants (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) among the tissues of freshwater insects (Chironomus, Clinotanypus, Procladius, Hexagenia, Sialis) are both taxon and element specific. In quantity terms (micrograms per animal), the gut is the major organ of Cd accumulation, while most of the As, Cu, Pb, and Zn accumulates in the body (i.e. animal minus gut and other organs). In concentration terms (micrograms per gram), Cd, Cu, and Zn are often highest in the gut, while Pb and As are not. Much of the As, and in some genera the Pb, appears to be bound externally. Respiratory and excretory structures generally contain small proportions of the total trace element burdens, except for Cu. Trace elements are not uniformly distributed along the gut but tend to accumulate either in the mesenteron (midgut) or in the proctodeum (hindgut), depending on the element and insect concerned. The distribution patterns of most of the trace elements vary little among populations of the mayfly Hexagenia from different lakes with the exception of Cd, for which the proportion of the total Cd burden localized in the gut increases markedly with increasing Cd concentrations in the whole nymph.
39
Yurakhno, V. M., and Ha Vo Thi. "First data on Bivalvulida myxosporeans of Nha Trang Bay mullets (Vietnam)." Marine Biological Journal 4, no. 4 (December 30, 2019): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21072/mbj.2019.04.4.07.
Full textAbstract:
Mullets are objects of fishery in Vietnam; some of them are raised in rice paddies. Intensive development of fish mariculture in this country, as well as a large proportion of hydrobionts in the population diet, requires knowledge not only of the species composition of parasites, but also of their life cycles, pathogenicity, medical and epizootiological significance. The fauna of marine myxosporeans in this area has been studied very poorly. Totally 36 species of Myxosporea in freshwater fishes of Vietnam are known and 10 are not identified; 7 species of myxosporeans are found in marine fishes and 9 are not identified. In March – April of 2018 in the Nha Trang Bay (Vietnam, South China Sea, which the Vietnamese call the East Sea) 71 specimens of 7 species of Mugilidae fish were examined for identifying myxosporeans by the method of incomplete parasitological autopsy (4 specimens Chelon planiceps, 25 specimens Valamugil speigleri, 10 specimens V. formosae, 1 specimen Planiliza subviridis, 19 specimens Paramugil parmatus, 9 specimens Mugil cephalus, 3 specimens Moolgarda seheli). All organs were examined under Olympus SZ61 binocular microscope at magnification from ×15 to ×25. Smears from the tissues of various fish organs were examined under Olympus CKX53 microscope with phase contrast at magnification ×400 and under Olympus CX41 microscope with the Olympus SC50 digital camera and phase contrast at magnification ×800. Myxosporeans were fixed in glycerol-gelatin according to the standard technique. Parasite measurements were based on 20 Myxobolus spinacurvatura spores, 25 Sphaerospora dicentrarchi spores, and 10 Henneguya sp. spores. All measurements were carried out by the standard method. To assess the number of parasites, data on prevalence and intensity of invasion were used. The first data on Bivalvulida myxosporeans of Mugilidae fish in Nha Trang Bay were obtained: Myxobolus spinacurvatura was found in the gallbladder and intestine of 78 % Mugil cephalus with the intensity of invasion of unit spores in the gallbladder smear and 5–11 cysts in the intestine; Sphaerospora dicentrarchi was found in the gallbladder of 5 % Paramugil parmatus, 12 % Valamugil speigleri, 20 % V. formosae and 56 % Mugil cephalus with the intensity of invasion of unit spores in the smear; Henneguya sp. was found in the gallbladder of 8 % V. speigleri and 10 % V. formosae with the intensity of invasion of unit, tens of spores in the smear. Description of the revealed species was made. Their distribution in other regions of the World Ocean was considered. S. dicentrarchi turned out to be a new species for the fauna of the East Sea and Vietnam. This species was found not only in Mugil cephalus, the typical host in other regions, but also in new hosts Paramugil parmatus, Valamugil speigleri, and V. formosae. Myxobolus spinacurvatura was first found in the Nha Trang Bay. Since Myxobolus spinacurvatura and Sphaerospora dicentrarchi are known in Mugil cephalus not only in the Pacific Ocean basin but also in the Atlantic Ocean one, taking into account the connection of these water bodies in ancient times, it is assumed that each of these parasites had a common large distribution area in the past, which was then broken due to powerful geological transformations of our planet.
40
Rodriguez, Cristian, Guido I. Prieto, Israel A. Vega, and Alfredo Castro-Vazquez. "Morphological grounds for the obligate aerial respiration of an aquatic snail: functional and evolutionary perspectives." PeerJ 9 (April 14, 2021): e10763. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10763.
Full textAbstract:
The freshwater caenogastropod family Ampullariidae is emerging as a model for a variety of studies, among them, the evolution of terrestriality. A common character of the family is that all its members bear a lung while retaining the ancestral gill. This ensures that many ampullariids are able to inhabit poorly oxygenated waters, to bury in the mud during estivation, and to temporarily leave the water, in some species for oviposition. To these charactersPomacea canaliculata(Caenogastropoda, Ampullariidae) adds that is an obligate air-breather. In a recent paper, we showed the gill epithelium ofP. canaliculatahas a set of characteristics that suggest its role for oxygen uptake may be less significant than its role in ionic/osmotic regulation and immunity. We complement here our morphological investigation on the respiratory organs ofP. canaliculataby studying the lung of this species at the anatomical (3D reconstructions of the blood system and nerve supply), histological and ultrastructural levels. The circulation of the gill and the lung are interconnected so that the effluence of blood from the gill goes to the lung where it completes oxygenation. Besides that, we found the lung cavity is lined by a pavement epithelium that encloses an anastomosing network of small blood spaces resting over a fibromuscular layer, which altogether form the respiratory lamina. The pavement cells form a blood-gas barrier that is 80–150 nm thick and thus fulfils the requirements for an efficient gas exchanger. Tufts of ciliary cells, together with some microvillar and secretory cells, are interspersed in the respiratory lamina. Rhogocytes, which have been proposed to partake in metal depuration and in the synthesis of hemocyanin in other gastropods, were found below the respiratory lamina, in close association with the storage cell tissue. In light of these findings, we discuss the functional role of the lung inP. canaliculataand compare it with that of other gastropods. Finally, we point to some similarities in the pattern of the evolution of air dependence in this family.
41
Witzmann, Florian, and Elizabeth Brainerd. "Modeling the physiology of the aquatic temnospondyl <i>Archegosaurus decheni</i> from the early Permian of Germany." Fossil Record 20, no. 2 (March 2, 2017): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/fr-20-105-2017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Physiological aspects like heat balance, gas exchange, osmoregulation, and digestion of the early Permian aquatic temnospondyl Archegosaurus decheni, which lived in a tropical freshwater lake, are assessed based on osteological correlates of physiologically relevant soft-tissue organs and by physiological estimations analogous to air-breathing fishes. Body mass (M) of an adult Archegosaurus with an overall body length of more than 1 m is estimated as 7 kg using graphic double integration. Standard metabolic rate (SMR) at 20 °C (12 kJ h−1) and active metabolic rate (AMR) at 25 °C (47 kJ h−1) were estimated according to the interspecific allometry of metabolic rate (measured as oxygen consumption) of all fish (VO2 = 4. 8 M0. 88) and form the basis for most of the subsequent estimations. Archegosaurus is interpreted as a facultative air breather that got O2 from the internal gills at rest in well-aerated water but relied on its lungs for O2 uptake in times of activity and hypoxia. The bulk of CO2 was always eliminated via the gills. Our estimations suggest that if Archegosaurus did not have gills and released 100 % CO2 from its lungs, it would have to breathe much more frequently to release enough CO2 relative to the lung ventilation required for just O2 uptake. Estimations of absorption and assimilation in the digestive tract of Archegosaurus suggest that an adult had to eat about six middle-sized specimens of the acanthodian fish Acanthodes (ca. 8 cm body length) per day to meet its energy demands. Archegosaurus is regarded as an ammonotelic animal that excreted ammonia (NH3) directly to the water through the gills and the skin, and these diffusional routes dominated nitrogen excretion by the kidneys as urine. Osmotic influx of water through the gills had to be compensated for by production of dilute, hypoosmotic urine by the kidneys. Whereas Archegosaurus has long been regarded as a salamander-like animal, there is evidence that its physiology was more fish- than tetrapod-like in many respects.
42
George, K. Roy, N. A. Malini, and D. Rajasree. "Effects of acclimation on the haematological indices of different groups of fresh water teleosts." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v7i1.555.
Full textAbstract:
Hematological parameters have been recognized as valuable tools for monitoring fish health. The aim of the present study was to obtain a basic knowledge of the hematological responses of different groups of fresh water teleosts during acclimation period. Haematological analysis was carried out in three different groups of teleosts namely Group I: Heteropneustes fossilis and Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes), Group II: Anabas testudineus and Channa striatus (Perciformes), Group III: Labeo rohita and Cyprinus carpio (Cypriniformes). In all groups of teleosts, RBC and Hb were significantly (p<0.05) decreased after 7 days of captivity in response to stress factors raised in capture, handling and sampling procedure. WBC was found to be significantly (p<0.05) increased in group I (Siluriformes), group II (Perciformes) and group III (Cypriniformes) of teleosts after 7 days of captivity due to enhanced production of leucocytes in the hematopoietic tissue of the kidney and the spleen. RBC count and WBC count were found to be higher in H. fossilis and C. gariepinus than other groups of teleosts due to their active predacious nature. Hb values were high in 2nd group (Perciformes) consisting of A. testudineus and C. striatus by virtue of their possessions of accessory respiratory organs. PCV, MCV and MCHC were significantly (p<0.05) increased in three groups of teleosts during acclimation and values were high in second group of consisting of A. testudineus and C. striatus. MCH was higher in 3rd group of fishes consisting of L. rohita and C. carpio.
43
Hasan, Marina, Nor Azri Shah Norhan, Wahidah Wahab, Anur Abdalah Nagi Melad, Kismiyati Kismiyati, Mohd Fazrul Hisam Abd Aziz, Norainy Mohd Husin, and Mohd Ihwan Zakariah. "The Toxic Effect of Ametryn on Behaviour and Histopathological Changes of Freshwater Eel (Monopterus Albus) [Pengaruh Toksik Ametryn terhadap Perilaku dan Perubahan Histopatologis Belut AirTawar (Monopterus Albus)]." Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan 11, no. 2 (October 25, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jipk.v11i2.15713.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA study on the toxicity of herbicides was investigated with emphasis on behaviour and histopathological effects. Ametryn commonly used to control weeds in the paddy field. The effect of ametryn on fish especially Monopterus albus was unknown. This study aims to determine the acute toxicity of ametryn and its effects on the behaviour of the eels. The adult M. albus were exposed to 0, 0.75, 1.5 and 3.0mg/L of ametryn for 96 hours under laboratory conditions. The eels showed symptoms of abnormal behaviour responses during the exposure which are agitated behaviour, respiratory distress, and abnormal nervous behaviour. Mortality was increased by increasing the concentration of ametryn. This present study showed the effect of ametryn on kidney tissue changes. Hemorrhage and distribution of hemosiderin, hydropic degeneration, granular degeneration, tubular necrosis, narrowing tubular lumen and necrosis were major histopathological effects that occurred during the exposure to ametryn. In conclusion, ametryn is very sensitive to Monopterus albus. In lower concentration, they showed changes in behaviour and effect their organs. AbstrakStudi tentang toksisitas herbisida yang diamati dengan penekanan pada perilaku dan dampak histopatologis. Ametryn biasanya digunakan untuk mengawal rumpai di sawah padi. Kesan ametryn pada ikan terutama belut tidak diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan toksisitas akut ametryn dan dampaknya terhadap perilaku belut. M. albus dewasa terpapar pada 0, 0.75, 1,5 dan 3,0mg / L ametryn selama 96 jam pada kondisi laboratorium. Belut menunjukkan gejala respons perilaku abnormal selama paparan yaitu gelisah, gangguan pernapasan, dan perilaku saraf abnormal. Kematian meningkat seiring meningkatnya konsentrasi ametryn. Penelitian ini menunjukkan dampak ametryn pada perubahan jaringan ginjal. Perdarahan dan distribusi hemosiderin, degenerasi hidropik, degenerasi granular, nekrosis tubular, penyempitan lumen tubular dan nekrosis adalah dampak histopatologis utama yang terjadi selama paparan ametryn. Kesimpulannya, ametryn sangat sensitif terhadap Monopterus albus. Dalam konsentrasi rendah, belut menunjukkan perubahan perilaku dan kesan pada organ.
44
Brandt, Angelika, and Gary C. B. Poore. "Higher classification of the flabelliferan and related Isopoda based on a reappraisal of relationships." Invertebrate Systematics 17, no. 6 (2003): 893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is02032.
Full textAbstract:
The history of the systematics of isopod suborders is summarised. Several authors have suggested that the traditional suborder Flabellifera is paraphyletic and includes one or more of the suborders Gnathiidea, Epicaridea and Anthuridea. Two suborders, Cymothoida and Sphaeromatidea, have been proposed as replacement taxa for the Flabellifera, but it has not been possible on the basis of phylogenetic analyses to elucidate significant relationships between the suborders and families. Morphological characters are used to explore relationships between 35 genus-, family- and suborder-level taxa of flabelliferan Isopoda in a cladistic analysis (using Phreatoicidea and Asellota as outgroups) and to derive a new classification. The analysis did not find a synapomorphy for 'Flabellifera' sensu lato, but recognises two diverging clades of 'long-tailed' isopods. Members of the Oniscidea are not part of either clade. Nor are the Tainisopidea, a new suborder erected for members of the family Tainisopidae. The Tainisopidea has many synapomorphies and plesiomorphic features, but does not share characters with either clade. The first clade comprises Phoratopidea (for Phoratopus remex) and sister-taxa Cymothoida and Limnoriidea. Representatives of these suborders have uropodal rami ventral to the pleotelson and articulating from side-to-side inside the branchial space. The new suborder, Phoratopidea, is for one species with unique, broad articles of pereopods 3 and 4 with reduced dactyls. It lacks the synapomorphies of the following two suborders. In members of the suborder Cymothoida, the mandibular molar is either a flat triangular blade, reduced to a conical process, or absent, and the maxillipedal endite is rarely longer than palp article 1 (or is absent), distally tapering and has few setae. The suborder Limnoriidea is diagnosed as lacking the mandibular molar, and the non-tapering, slender (except in Keuphylia) maxillipedal endite reaches to at least the distal margin of palp article 4. Members of the second clade share a vaulted pleotelson enclosing a branchial chamber defined by ventrolateral ridges and uropods lateral to the pleotelson margin that fold down alongside the branchial space. It comprises two suborders. Members of the Sphaeromatidea have pleonite 1 much narrower than pleonite 2 and a reduced (or absent) right lacinia mobilis fused to the spine row. They lack operculiform uropods, which characterise Valvifera. The suborder Anthuridea is reduced to superfamily rank and Epicaridea is reduced to two superfamilies within Cymothoida. Unambiguous relationships between most families are resolved, but Sphaeromatidae is suspected to be paraphyletic, Paravireia is placed as the most plesiomorphic of the Sphaeromatoidea and a new family, Basserolidae, is proposed. The Tainisopidea includes freshwater taxa in a relictual environment. The sole species of Phoratopidea is marine, rare, and its ecology is unknown. The Cymothoida are most diverse in tropical regions. Members of the most plesiomorphic family, the Cirolanidae, are mobile predators or scavengers and the more derived families are ectoparasites on fishes and other crustaceans. Members of the Limnoriidea are mainly tropical and at least one family is herbivorous. The Valvifera and Sphaeromatidea are benthic, with respiratory pleopods in a branchial chamber. They are most diverse in the temperate southern hemisphere, and most are detritivores.
45
Geetha, S., Dr J. Roopavathy, and S. Abanah Sharon. "EFFECT OF AZARDIRACHTA INDICA LEAF EXTRACT ON GILL OF FRESHWATER FISH, LABEO ROHITA." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Science Archive 7, no. 2 (April 3, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.32553/ijpba.v7i2.111.
Full textAbstract:
An investigation on the toxicity of biopesticidal plant Azardiracta indica aqueous leaf extracts to Labeo rohita. The LC50 value of Azardiracta indica aqueous leaf extracts was 1.1ml/lit respectively. The sub lethal concentration for Azardiracta indica was 0.11ml/lit and 0.33 ml/lit respectively. The fishes were exposed to the sub lethal concentration for a period of 15 days. At the end of 15th day the fishes were dissected and the gill were removed from exposed and control group fishes. The tissues were processed and sectioned at 4µm and then were stained with Haematoxylin- Eosin. The observation of the slides was done under light microscope at 40x magnification and photographed. The exposed group showed histopathological changes in the tissues, such as: shrunken and narrow secondary gill lamellae, mild to moderate infiltration of inflammatory cells in the primary and secondary gill lamellae. This result indicated that the aqueous extract of Azardiracta indica has considerable impact on the respiratory organ of fresh water fish, Labeo rohita.
Key words: Labeo rohita, Azardiracta indica, secondary lamellae
46
Patil R. G.Nanaware S. G.Bobdey A. D and Gujar M, Patil R. G. Nanaware S. G. Bobdey A. D. and Gujar M. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS IN SOME FRESHWATER FISHES AFTER EXPCOMPARATIVE STUDY OF RESPIRATORY DISTRESS IN SOME FRESHWATER FISHES AFTER EXPOSURE TO THE PHYTOTOXIN FROM SAPINDUS LAURIFOLIUS." International Journal of Researches in Biosciences and Agriculture Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.29369/ijrbat.2017.05.ii.0063.
Full text
47
Durairaj, Manimekalai, Srinivasan Arasan, Padmavathy Pandurengan, Jawahar Paulraj, and Rosalind George. "Occurrence of Pesticide Residues in Freshwater and Estuarine Fishes of Thamirabarani River." Indian Journal of Animal Research, Of (June 21, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijar.b-4498.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Studies pertaining to the presence of OCP residues in the freshwater and marine ûshes caught from the Thamirabarani river basin region are not available to analyze the extent of bioaccumulation to assess their safety for human consumption. Hence, this study was undertaken as a maiden work to examine the OCP residues in the fishes collected from ûve sites spanning from the source to mouth region of the Thamirabarani river system, along with other related niches to examine the effect of environment pollution.Methods: Pesticides from fish muscle and their organs were extracted as per AOAC 2007.01 using QuEChERS method. A Gas Chromatograph model Perkin Elmer - equipped with Ni Electron Capture Detector of activity 15 MCi was used for the analysis. A volume of 1.0µl of the extracts was injected. The operating conditions were capillary column Elite-5 capillary column, 60m x 0.25mm, 1.00µm temperature programme: 70ºC (2 min) to 180ºC (I min) 25ºC/min to 300ºC 5ºC/min, Injection temperature: 270ºC, Detector temperature: 300ºC, Carrier gas: Nitrogen at 1.0 mL/min, Make up gas: Nitrogen at 29 mL/min.Result: Among fishes, rohu accumulated maximum of 0.4014 to 0.605 ug/kg of DDT in station IV and V respectively. Dhananjayan and Muralidharan (2010) reported OCPs in 156 fishes sample from Kaveri river. The average concentration of DDT ranged between 0 and 0.605 ug/kg. Bhuvaneshwari and Babu rajendran (2012) also reported 2.8 ug/g of DDT in fishes from Kaveri river. The low occurrence of DDT in the presence study is mainly due to their rapid degradation with living organisms.
48
Deepak, T., G. B. Sanjay, and C. S. Shivakumar. "Acute Toxicity of Hexavalent Chromium on Behavioural Parameters and Histopathology Damages in Freshwater Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio." Asian Journal of Research in Zoology, June 7, 2021, 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajriz/2021/v4i330114.
Full textAbstract:
Water sources of almost all regions in India are carrying the unbearable burden of dangerous pollutants. The release of waste products and anthropogenic wastes run-off has contributed to aquatic pollution. The environment has become a storehouse for chemical pollutant which infiltrate into the aquatic environment, including estuarine, thus immobilizing the aquatic biota, among the heavy metals. Chromium is a heavy metal which has both beneficial and harmful effect on organisms. It is highly toxic and carcinogenic. Many industries are disposing of chemical pollutants to the water. These disposals contain many chemicals, including Chromium. The purpose of this review was to check the accumulation and concentration of heavy metals in different organs of freshwater fishes that come in contact with the water contaminated with heavy metals. The subjected fish were exposed to Chromium (Cr) at the sub-lethal level at a concentration of 40mg/L in 96 hours. During the observation period, the fishes shown some behavioral changes like erratic swimming, slow motility, suffocation, and the scales become thin and decolorized. In the gill region, the gill filaments become swollen, and gill rackers become thick, and curling of lamellae was noticed, and it is caused due to the Chromium build-upon gills. At the region of the caudal fin, permanent bending of the tail was observed. The Chromium also affects other vital organs like the spleen and gut region. LC50 was found in 96 hours. The result indicates that Chromium is highly toxic and has deleterious effects on aquatic life. Humans are also affected by the intake of fishes for primary people of those areas where the leading food is fish.
49
Ishii, Nobuyoshi, Toshio Furota, Maiko Kagami, Keiko Tagami, and Shigeo Uchida. "Inequality in the distribution of 137Cs contamination within freshwater fish bodies and its affecting factors." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (March 11, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-85291-6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractContamination of freshwater fishes with 137Cs remains as a serious problem in Japan, nearly 10 years after the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident, but there is limited information on the distribution of 137Cs contamination in fish bodies. The 137Cs distribution can be used for the estimation of internal radiation exposure through the consumption of fish and for the dose estimation of fish themselves. In this study, the 137Cs distribution in the bodies of 8 freshwater fish species was investigated as percentages of total body burden for fish inhabiting Lake Inba. Fish samples were caught in stake nets placed close to the shore approximately once a month. After the measurement of body length and fresh weight, the radioactivities of 137Cs in muscle, internal organs, spawn, milt and bone were assayed using high-purity germanium detectors. Analysis of all fish samples showed that the 137Cs distribution was highest in muscle (54 ± 12%), followed by internal organs (7.8 ± 4.6%), spawn (7.4 ± 5.4%), milt (3.2 ± 2.1%) and bone (1.2 ± 0.58%). Among fish species, the highest proportion of 137Cs in muscle was detected in largemouth bass (71 ± 1 3%), followed by snakehead (69 ± 14%), channel catfish (63 ± 17%), common carp (62 ± 14%), barbel steed (58 ± 6.5%), silver carp (57 ± 7.7%), bluegill (53 ± 4.7%), and crucian carp (50 ± 10%). These results suggested that the 137Cs in muscle was likely to be high in piscivorous fishes compared to omnivorous fishes, especially crucian carp. The proportion of 137Cs in muscle of crucian carp was not explained either by body length or fresh weight. However, a positive correlation was found between the proportion of 137Cs in muscle and the condition factor which was an indicator of nutritional status calculated from a length–weight relationship. This correlation implied that more 137Cs accumulated in muscle tissue of a fish species with high nutritional status. This is the first study to show that condition factor is more important than body length and wet weight in explaining the high proportion of 137Cs in muscle tissues, at least for crucian carp.
50
Molnár, Kálmán. "Remarks to the validity of Genbank sequences of Myxobolus spp. (Myxozoa, Myxosporidae) infecting Eurasian fishes." Acta Parasitologica 56, no. 3 (January 1, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11686-011-0054-6.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractOf the 850 known Myxobolus spp., 89 named species have DNA (in most cases 18S rDNA) sequences deposited in the Genbank. Only a part of the deposited sequences represent well identified samples collected from adequate organs of the original hosts. Some of the samples were collected from additional hosts or from fishes genetically far standing from the type-host. In the paper, reliability of sequences of some best known Myxobolus spp., deposited in the Genbank from freshwater fishes of Eurasia’s Palaearctic Region, are surveyed. Genbank sequences are classified into three groups. Sequences obtained from morphologically well characterised Myxobolus spp., which were collected from the type hosts, compose the group of valid sequences. To the group of probable valid sequences belong samples from spores morphologically corresponding to the original description, but collected from fishes closely related to the type-host; while sequences obtained from hosts genetically far standing from the type-hosts represent the category of the un-valid group.