Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'FRET en temps résolu'
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Maurel, Damien. "Oligomérisation des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G : deux ou plus ? : application des technologies de FRET en temps résolu au cas du récepteur GABAb." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00165100.
Full textAu cours de ce travail de thèse nous avons développé une approche de FRET en temps résolu permettant de mettre en évidence, à l'aide d'anticorps marqués, des interactions de sous-unités de RCPG à la surface de cellules vivantes. En choisissant le récepteur GABAB comme modèle d'étude, cette approche a permis de révéler l'homo- et l'hétérodimérisation de ce récepteur à la surface cellulaire. De plus, en condition de perméabilisation des cellules, l'oligomérisation de la sous-unité GABAB1 retenue dans les compartiments intracellulaires a pu être caractérisée par cette même approche.
Afin d'analyser plus précisément l'organisation du récepteur GABAB, nous avons mis au point une deuxième méthode permettant de marquer irréversiblement à l'aide de fluorophores les sous-unités GABAB1 et GABAB2 présentes à la surface cellulaire. La combinaison de cette méthode de marquage (SNAP-tag) avec une analyse de FRET en temps résolu a permis de caractériser l'organisation oligomérique de ce récepteur. Ainsi, le récepteur GABAB, connu pour être un hétérodimère obligatoire, semble capable de former des oligomères via la sous-unité GABAB1 qui représente un point de contact entre deux hétérodimères. Le rôle d'une telle organisation sur la fonction de ce récepteur reste toutefois indéterminé.
Devauges, Viviane. "Microscopie de fluorescence résolue en temps et en polarisation pour le suivi d’interactions protéiques en neurobiologie." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112315/document.
Full textIn the framework of this thesis, we have used FRET (Forster Resonance Energy Transfer) as a mechanism to follow the interaction of proteins from the plasma membrane to the cytoplasm of cells. To quantify FRET, we have chosen Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) since this method is independent of the concentration and intensity of the fluorophores. To have a good axial resolution, a TIRFLIM set-up (Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy) was developed and this allowed us to perform wide-field imaging with sub-wavelength axial resolution. This set-up was calibrated and optimized in order to answer biological questions. Different approaches were tested in order to measure the penetration depth of the evanescent field and especially plasmonic surfaces were used to further enhance the axial resolution. Our set-up was dedicated to the study of the effect of cholesterol on the interaction between the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP), a transmembrane protein involved in Alzheimer Disease, and one of its cleaving enzyme (BACE1). We performed a dynamic tracking of APP and BACE1 proximity under the effect of cholesterol, in HEK-293 cells and primary cultures of embryonic rat hippocampal neurons, thanks to our TIRFLIM set-up.Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy has been implemented on our set-up. This has enabled us to measure the rotational correlation time of fluorophores and to investigate quantitatively different states of homodimerization of proteins involved in Alzheimer’s disease
Cottet, Martin. "Oligomérisation des récepteurs couplés au protéines G de la famille de la vasopressine et de l’ocytocine : mise en évidence dans les tissus natifs." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20030/document.
Full textG-protein coupled receptors form a very large family of transmembrane receptors. Numerous studies have shown that these receptors showed a tendency to interact and form oligomers. These structures are however the matter of great debate. Indeed, very few elements allow us to maintain that these oligomers could exist in native tissues, most studies being carried out in heterologous systems. We have therefore developed an approach based for one part on the use of fluorescent ligands to label receptors in their native environment, and on the other part on time-resolved FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) by using lanthanide cryptates, more specifically Lumi4-Tb. We have thus been able to show and publish the existence of oxytocin receptor oligomers in the mammary gland. The protocol used for this study was also published and validated for the study of hetero-oligomers, more specifically between vasopressin V1a and V2 receptors. Following on our study of oligomers in native tissues, we have developed our own setup to perform time-resolved FRET microscopy. This setup is based on a wide field microscope to which we added a laser source for the pulsed excitation and a Multigate CCD camera for imaging. We are here presenting the first results as well as its validation for the use of multiple acceptor fluorophores with minimal bleed through from the Lumi4-Tb. Lastly, we propose a pharmacological model showing the use of bivalent ligands to study oligomer coupling
Bhuckory, Shashi. "Quantum dots and upconverting nanoparticles : Bioconjugation and time-resolved multiplexed FRET spectroscopy for cancer diagnostics." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS447/document.
Full textCombining high sensitivity with simultaneous analysis of numerous biomarkers (multiplexing) is an essential requirement for significantly improving the field of biomedical diagnostics. Such progresses would allow earlier diagnosis, which is required for numerous diseases such as cancer or cardiac diseases. FRET-immunoassays are based on biomolecular recognition events that occur between biomarkers and two specific antibodies conjugated with different fluorophores. The spatial proximity of the two fluorophores can lead to Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), which can be detected for biomarker quantification. To date, such assays are established using lanthanide complexes as FRET donors and fluorescence dyes as FRET acceptors. However, these assays do not provide sufficient multiplexing capability due to spectral overlap, when several acceptor dyes are used. This project aims at exploiting the exceptional photophysical properties of terbium complexes (Tb) and semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) to provide ultrasensitive multiplexed FRETimmunoassays. We also studied the optical and morphological properties of novel core and core/shell upconverting nanoparticles doped with ytterbium (Yb) and erbium (Er) ions as possible FRET-donors for biosensing
Wu, Yu-Tang. "Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Immunoassays Using Engineered Proteins for Breast Cancer Biomarker Detection." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS340/document.
Full textEngineered affinity proteins have raised great interest due to their extremely small size compared to full length antibodies. Such small binding proteins have demonstrated many advantages such as quick biodistribution, good penetration into tumor tissue, and fast elimination from serum and nondiseased tissues. Thus, they are expected to be excellent alternatives to antibodies for clinical applications. This thesis focuses on the development of biosensors based on engineered antibodies and time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) through biological recognition of biomarkers. FRET-based immunoassays are established using terbium complexes (Tb) as FRET donors and semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) as FRET acceptors. The exceptional photophysical properties of the Tb-QD FRET pair allow for ultrasensitive quantitative biosensing. Single-domain antibodies (sdAb) and small engineered scaffold antibodies (ADAPT) are used to investigate different antibody-conjugation strategies for quantifying human epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR, HER2) as clinical biomarkers. This work can be considered as a prerequisite to implementing QDs into applied clinical diagnostics
Blandin, Pierre. "Développement instrumental pour la microscopie de fluorescence résolue en temps : applications biomédicales." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376116.
Full textCe travail s'est articulé autour de trois axes principaux : l'étude et le développement d'un dispositif d'excitation de la fluorescence basé sur un oscillateur laser solide picoseconde dont le spectre est élargi par effets non linéaires dans des fibres optiques microstructurées ; le développement et la caractérisation d'un dispositif de microscopie de fluorescence par onde évanescente (TIRF) couplé à une détection résolue en temps en plein champ ; et l'application de ce dispositif à l'étude d'un précurseur membranaire du peptide amyloïde impliqué dans la maladie d'Alzheimer.
Xu, Jingyue. "Sensitive and mutiplexed microRNA quantification using amplified time-gated Förster resonance energy transfer." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS137.
Full textAs new generation of biomarkers, microRNAs are associated with many cancers and diseases, which has led to a great demand for developing clinical miRNA diagnostic methods. Isothermal amplification technologies, such as rolling circle amplification and catalytic hairpin assembly, have emerged as powerful methods for highly rapid, specific and sensitive microRNA assays. This thesis focuses on developing microRNA biosensors based on isothermal amplification technologies and time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer from lanthanide complexes to organic dyes or quantum dots. The proposed amplified microRNA biosensors have very low limits of detections, and are applied to human clinical samples, successfully revealing the relevance for cancer diagnostics. As simultaneous detection of multiple microRNAs is highly demanded, temporal multiplexed detection of microRNAs is also realized based on distinguishable excited-state lifetimes of Tb complexes and dyes. Moreover, the amplified microRNA nanosensor based on Tb-to-quantum dots FRET demonstrated the possibility of spectral multiplexed detection of microRNAs with high sensitivity and selectivity
Devauges, Viviane. "Microscopie de fluorescence résolue en temps et en polarisation pour le suivi d'interactions protéiques en neurobiologie." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00816666.
Full textMonnier, Carine. "Analyse de l'activation du récepteur GABA-B : une machinerie complexe de la transmission synaptique." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20153.
Full textG-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of membrane receptors, and the target of more than 25% of drugs on the market. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of the activation of such oligomeric complexes is crucial to develop more potent drugs. The metabotropic γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABA-B) is activated by the main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system (GABA). It plays an important role in brain functions and as such, it is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various neurologic and psychiatric disorders (anxiety, epilepsy or drug addiction). The GABA-B receptor is an obligatory heterodimer composed of two subunits, GB1 and GB2, each of them possessing an extracellular domain called Venus flytrap (VFT) and a seven transmembrane domain (7TM) common to all GPCRs. The VFT of GB1 contains the GABA binding site whereas 7TM domain of GB2, where the positive allosteric modulators bind, is responsible for G-protein activation. My doctoral research project had two main objectives. The first one was to better understand the molecular mechanism underlying the activation of GABA-B receptor. We first demonstrated the importance of the relative movement of GB1 and GB2 VFT domains in the activation, using a « glycan wedge scanning » approach. In addition, we showed a direct transactivation between the two 7TM that is a key step in GABA-B activation. The second objective was the development of a sensor to monitor the GABA-B receptor activation at the cell surface of living cells. This sensor, based on GABA-B receptor conformational changes during activation used new fluorescent tools compatible with time-resolved FRET experiments. To this aim, we set up an orthogonal labelling between an ACP-tag inserted in a loop of one subunit and a Snap-tag fused to the other. This sensor of GABA-B activation should lead to the development of a medium or high throughput screening of specific GABA-B molecules
Scholler, Pauline. "De la compréhension de la dynamique structurale des récepteurs mGlu au développement de nouveaux agents d’intérêt thérapeutique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON13519.
Full textGlutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It notably acts on eight metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR), which are G protein coupled receptor responsible for the modulation of synaptic transmission. mGluRs are promising pharmacological targets to treat neurological, psychiatric or neurodegenerative diseases such as depression, schizophrenia or Parkinson's disease. Unfortunately, so far, no drug acting at mGluR is accessible to patients, but several molecules are in clinical trials. The main objective of my thesis has been the study of the structural dynamics of mGluR, for which the molecular mechanism allowing activation are still poorly understood. These receptors are known to form constitutive dimers, with each subunit composed of a large extracellular domain which bind glutamate and a transmembrane domain responsible for G protein activation and where synthetic allosteric modulators bind. A key step in the activation process could be the relative reorientation of the two extracellular domains in the dimer upon glutamate binding. We first developed an orthogonal labeling method of each mGlu subunits by fusion with a suicide enzyme (SNAP-/CLIP-tag) that we combined with time-resolved Förster resonance energy transfer measurements to show that in a heterologous system, mGlu subunits can associate as strict and functional heterodimers. Our experiments also revealed a specific association pattern: mGlu subunits from group I, mGlu1 and mGlu5, can associate with each other, but not with those from group II and III, which can also associate with each other. Then we improved the technology to develop the first conformational sensor to monitor mGluR activation. We were able to monitor in real time in live cells the conformational changes occurring in the mGlu receptor upon activation, and we proved that the variation in FRET signal is correlated with the activation state of the receptor. This allowed us to confirm the activation model proposed based on the crystal structures of the isolated extracellular domains, which consist of a relative movement of the dimer extracellulair domains upon activation. Moreover, this sensor makes it possible to easily discriminate between full and partial agonists, and to better understand the allosteric mechanisms occurring in the mGluR (especially the action mode of positive and negative allosteric modulators binding in the transmembrane domain). This conformational sensor strategy was further applied to study the activation of other receptors (GPCR or tyrosine kinase receptors), and to develop screening assays compatible with high-throughput formats. Finally, we developed innovative ligands acting on mGluRs using single-domain antibodies from llamas. These activating ligands seem to bind to a new site on the surface of the receptor, offering new possibilities to develop better treatment acting at mGluRs
Beltako, Katawoura. "Transport résolu en temps dans les nanodispositifs optoélectroniques quantiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0516/document.
Full textRecent advances in excitation frequencies beyond gigahertz now offer the ability to probe the internal response of a quantum system. Time dependence in future nanoelectronics has arisen as the major challenge of next advances in device modeling and simulations. Oscillating gate voltages, time-dependent bias but also applied illumination pulses, all are examples of key issues in quantum transport simulations which require novel approaches as well as efficient numerical methods. This is the context of this thesis, which focuses on three areas. A first part concerns the methodology. We proposed a suitable technique for the simulation of time-dependent transport in nano-systems interacting with lightradiation, relying on the state of the art in quantum statistical methodologies, with a special attention to the formalism of non-equilibrium Green’s functions. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the development and implementationof efficient algorithms to simulate time-resolved quantities for quantum optoelectronic nanodevices. Finally, this new method and the developed algorithms have enabled us to investigate carrier transfer processes in molecular nanojunctions. This study led us to the elucidation of unsuspected physical effects and captivating experimental proposals for the determination of internal quantum characteristics of these nanodevices. This work provides us with a valuable toolfor ultrafast quantum transport simulation. It also gives indeed an insight on the relevance of transient dynamics in the understanding of time-resolved optoelectronic nanodevice operations and open avenues towards the design of futureultrafast optoelectronics
Guo, Jiajia. "Time-resolved Multiplexed Förster Resonance Energy Transfer for Nucleic Acid Biosensing." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS162/document.
Full textNucleic acid biomarkers, which involve in gene expression control, are found specific for many kinds of cancers. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) based applications are one of the most promising for nucleic acid biosensing. As parallel detection of multiple nucleic acids is highly demanded and spectral multiplexing is limited by optical crosstalk, temporal multiplexing is used for opening another dimension of the multiplexing. The thesis focuses on developing different Tb-to-dye FRET distances to create specific intensity signals corresponding to different nucleic acid sequences. The Tb-dye distances can be tuned by specific location of the Tb donor using different lengths of DNA. Amplification technologies, such as hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and rolling circle amplification (RCA), are used to achieve simplicity, rapidity, selectivity, and sensitivity of nucleic acid detection. Temporal multiplexing FRET was also combined with spectral (color) multiplexing for higher order multiplexed detection. Moreover, a single Tb-QD FRET modeling demonstrated the possibility of nanoparticle-based temporal multiplexing
Mendonca, Lucille. "Dynamique conformationnelle des protéines étudiée par dichroïsme circulaire résolu en temps." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00843425.
Full textNiezborala, Claire. "Dynamique de repliement des protéines étudiées par dichroïsme circulaire résolu en temps." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004435.
Full textLopez, Evelyne. "Cryptate d'europium (III) trisbipyridine et détection d'acides nucléiques ciblés par fluorescence en temps résolu." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20284.
Full textRubin, Christophe. "Préparation d'une expérience de diffraction de Laue en temps résolu : aspect expérimental et numérique de la méthode." Grenoble 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE10125.
Full textHubert, Fabien. "Nucléation et croissance de nanocylindres d'or : mécanismes de développement de l'anisotropie et suivi in situ résolu en temps." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066651.
Full textCourvoisier, Céline. "Etude d'un continuum de lumière en régime femtoseconde. Applications au domaine biologique : microscopies et spectroscopie en temps résolu." Phd thesis, Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2027.
Full textSt-Pierre, Patrick. "Caractérisation du repliement en temps réel du riborégulateur adénine." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8846.
Full textLange, Frédéric. "Développement d’un système de Topographie Optique Diffuse résolu en temps et hyperspectral pour la détection de l’activité cérébrale humaine." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI012.
Full textThe Diffuse Optical Tomography (DOT) is now a relevant tool for the functional medical imaging. One of the most widespread application of this technic is the imaging of the human brain function. Indeed, this technic has numerous advantages, especially the richness of the optical contrast accessible. Nevertheless, some drawbacks are curbing the use of the technic, especially for applications on adults in clinics or in particular environment like in the monitoring of sports activity. Indeed, the measured signal contains information coming from different depths of the head, so it contains different tissues types like skin and brain. Yet, the response of interest is the one of the brain, and the one of the skin is blurring it. In this context, this work is about the development of a new instrument of DOT capable of acquiring spatial and spectral information, as well as the arrival time of photons simultaneously and at a high acquisition speed. During the PhD thesis the instrument has been developed and characterised on optical phantoms. Then, it has been validated in-vivo on adults, especially by detecting the cortical activation of the prefrontal cortex, in response to a simple calculation task. Multidimensional information acquired by our system allowed us to better distinguish between superficial and deep layers. It also allowed us to distinguish between the physiological signature of those tissues, and especially to detect the variations of concentration in Cytochrom-c-oxydase. Concurrently to this experimental work, Monte-Carlo simulation of light propagation in a model off a human head has been done. Those simulations allowed us to better understand the light propagation in tissues as function as their wavelength, and to validate the relevance of our multidimensional approach. Perspectives of this work is to use the developed instrument to monitor the brain’s response of the Human adult to several solicitations like tDCS stimulation, or sports activity
Bonfim, Marlio. "Micro bobines à champ pulsé : applications aux champs forts et à la dynamique de renversement de l'aimantation à l'échelle de la nanoseconde par effet Kerr et Dichroïsme Circulaire Magnétique de rayons X." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008020.
Full textMarais, Arthur. "Détection de traces d’éléments lanthanides par fluorescence en temps résolu : application industrielle au marquage anti contrefaçon et à l'analyse chimique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1012/document.
Full textTime-resolved fluorescence is an advanced spectrophotometric analysis method which allows the selection of emitted luminescent photons on a time-based parameters. It is possible to extract the signal of long-lived luminescent species even in complex and polluted matrix from the industry. This type of analysis is especially fitted for the detection of lanthanide ions. During this thesis two technologies based on time-resolved analysis were designed to answer specific industrial problematics. The first one yields the residual concentration of chemical additives used during oil and gas extraction. The second one aims at protecting crude oils and refined fuels from counterfeiting. They both rely on the use of lanthanide complex and the measurement of their luminescent properties. A prototype of time-resolved spectrofluorimeter was also built to transfer the technologies from the laboratory to the industrial world
Teppe, Frédéric. "Dynamique de spin dans des hétérostructures de semi-conducteurs II-VI magnétiques et non-magnétiques étudiée par effet Kerr magnéto-optique résolu en temps." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20157.
Full textWoodhouse, Joyce. "Etude d'une protéine fluorescente photo-commutable par cristallographie résolue en temps en utilisant les lasers à électrons libres." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY026/document.
Full textReversibly switchable fluorescent proteins (RSFPs) are able to reversibly toggle between a fluorescent on-state and a non-fluorescent off-state under visible light irradiation. This property makes them a suitable marker used in super-resolution microscopy (or nanoscopy). The photo-switching mechanism involves isomerisation of the chromophore and a change of its protonation state. This mechanism has been well studied but remains poorly understood. The structural nature and the sequential order of atomistic events are still under debate. Some of them take place on the ultra-fast time scale and make structural investigation by X-ray crystallography impossible using current synchrotron radiation sources whose temporal resolution they offer is limited. X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) are a new kind of X-ray source producing femtosecond pulses that allow structural investigation of ultra-fast intermediates during photoswitching. They are also so bright that crystallographic data collection from micro- and nanometer-sized crystals became possible. The bright and short XFEL pulses required a new methodology to be developed, the so-called serial crystallography methodology. This method is now being adapted to synchrotron radiation facilities.Here is presented a time-resolved crystallography study of the reversibly switchable green fluorescent protein 2 (rsEGFP2). A microcrystallization protocol is described allowing the preparation of suitable samples in large amounts for time-resolved serial crystallography experiments. A photoswitching mechanism of rsEGFP2 is proposed based on crystallographic results obtained from data collected at the two XFEL facilities currently fully operational, i.e. the LCLS in the USA and SACLA in Japan. In particular, the structure of two photoswitching intermediates have been determined, one featuring a twisted chromophore in the excited state and the other displaying a protonated cis isomer of the chromophore in the ground state. The structural characterization of rsEGFP2 variants by traditional oscillation crystallography combined with the serendipitous discovery of an alternate chromophore conformation in the off-state during an XFEL experiment provided unique insight into the photophysical behavior of the protein
Vercucque, Isabelle. "Dynamiques de relaxation de l'eau et des solutions aqueuses d'acide chlorhydrique par effet Kerr optique résolu dans le temps et par simulation de dynamiques moléculaires." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-249.pdf.
Full textNguyen, Trong Nghia. "Développement d’un système de microscopie pour la détection en temps résolu de la fluorescence de complexes macromoléculaires mixtes gadolinium/terbium destinés à l’imagerie bimodale de l’atherothrombose." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA132005/document.
Full textWe developed a fluorescence imaging microscope system intended for localizing and evaluating its concentration with in arteries slices of a macromolecular (P717) Gd-based MRIcontrast agent used for the visualization of atherosclerotic lesions. As the contrast agent is not initially fluorescent, we modified the agent which is now partially fitted with Tb ions, while preserving its chemical characteristics. A long fluorescence emission time constant enables usto have a suitable signal to noise ratio, despite a low intensity, using pulsed illumination and time gated imaging after the other sources of fluorescence have decayed.The excitation source, on top of the inverted microscope, is a laser diode emitting at 371nm. The fluorescence signal is imaged on an ICCD camera. The fluorescence spectrum is acquired too, to positively insure that the signal really comes from the intended contrast agent. A microcontroller synchronizes electrical gating of the ICCD camera, of the laser pulse and generally controls automatically all parts of the measurement process. For tissue identification, we acquire a “natural image” using the standard halogen lamp of themicroscope. This image is synthesized by the use of the combination of three successive images taken with the three fundamental colors. Then our software assembles the color and fluorescence images.First images of rat arteries show that the contrast agent is indeed localized on specific regions of the tissues. We now have a new tool which allows us to understand and optimize the MRI contrast agent
Fotso, Gueutue Eric Stéphane. "Spectroscopie Raman résolue en temps pour les hautes températures." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2023/document.
Full textThis work presents the optimization of a time-resolved Raman spectroscopy device dedicated to very high temperatures. This device meets the ever-increasing need to study in real time phase transformations and reaction kinetics in extreme environments. This device has been validated under working conditions on oxides (Gd₂O3, Y₂O3, ZrO₂ , ZrSiO4 et CeO₂) and nitrides (h-BN). The potentialities of the device have enabled the main technological and instrumental locks that limit the use of high temperature Raman spectroscopy to be removed. The three main highlights illustrating the innovative nature of this work are as follows. The first corresponds to the new world record for high temperature Raman analysis through the acquisition of the E₂g mode of h-BN up to 2700°C.A comparison of the performance of the two Pockels and ICCD channels shows that the Pockels channel is more efficient than the ICCD, but more difficult to implement. The second important fact concerns the other applications of time-resolved Raman, as to separate the contribution of Raman scattering and luminescence. The last application presents the study of the comparative time dependence of resonant and non-resonant Raman scattering. The resonant Raman is triggered systematically before the non-resonant. More generally, the interest of time-resolved Raman methods opens new fields of application in the characterization of materials in extreme conditions, possibly in situ: aeronautics, refractories, steel industry, nuclear, etc
Vnuk, Edouard. "Développement d'outils d'analyse de fluorescence appliqués au génotypage sur puce à ADN : de l'acquisition à l'analyse d'images, mesures de cinétique d'hybridation en temps réel basées sur le transfert d'énergie." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/evnuk.pdf.
Full textThe scope of this work was to improve the reliability of DNA microarrays without to increase the number of measurement repetitions. A software, allowing to analyze signals of fluorescence and set up a general strategy of conception of DNA microarrays, was developed from physical considerations about fluorescence at the surface of microarrays. Its implementation was completed by a software providing a link between the various tools of our laboratory. In order to further understand the phenomena of hybridization at solid/liquid interface, we have developed a methodology aimed at detecting hybridization on microarrays using Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET). The results showed that we can be : measured and analysed kinetics of specific hybridization, given information on the local relative density of probes imobilized and on hybridization yield, controlled the quality for individual spots
Weston, Joseph. "Numerical methods for time-resolved quantum nanoelectronics." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY040/document.
Full textRecent technical progress in the field of quantum nanoelectronics have lead toexciting new experiments involving coherent single electron sources.When quantum electronic devices are manipulated on time scales shorterthan the characteristic time of flight of electrons through the device, a wholeclass of conceptually new possibilities become available. In order totreat such physical situations, corresponding advances in numerical techniquesand their software implementation are required both as a tool to aidunderstanding, and also to help when designing the next generation ofexperiments in this domain.Recent advances in numerical methods have lead to techniques for which thecomputation times scales linearly with the system volume, but as thesquare of the simulation time desired. This is particularly problematicfor cases where the characteristic dwell time of electrons in the centraldevice is much longer than the ballistic time of flight. Here, we proposean improvement to an existing wavefunction based algorithm fortreating time-resolved quantum transport which scales linearly in both thesystem volume and desired simulation time. We use this technique tostudy a number of interesting physical cases. In particular we find that theapplication of a train of voltage pulses to an electronic interferometercan be used to stabilise the dynamical modification of the interferencethat was recently proposed. We use this to perform spectroscopy on Majoranaand Andreev resonances in hybrid superconductor-nanowire structures.The numerical algorithms are implemented as an extension to the Kwantquantum transport software. This implementation is used for all the numericalresults presented here, in addition to other work, covering a wide varietyof physical applications: quantum Hall effect, Floquet topological insulators,Fabry-Perot interferometers and superconducting junction
Amin, chalhoub Eliane. "Etude des processus thermophysiques en régime d'interaction laser/matière nanoseconde par pyro/réflectométrie rapide." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635322.
Full textBrichart, Thomas. "Traceurs fluorescents à base de lanthanides en milieu complexe." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066086.
Full textClaveau, Sandra. "Fluorescent nanodiamonds as siRNA vectors : in vitro efficacy evaluation and high-content/high-resolution quantifications of their distribution in vivo." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS119/document.
Full textEwing Sarcoma is a rare pediatric cancer, caused in the majority of the cases by the expression of the fusion oncogene EWS-Fli1. Current treatments have not much evolved over the past decades. We are investigating a new therapy based on siRNA specifically targeting the oncogene and inhibiting the tumor growth. During my PhD thesis, I have tested different types of synthetic nanodiamonds (ND) used to vectorize siRNA electrostatically bound at their surface: ND produced by detonation (DND) or by High Pressure-High Temperature synthesis (NDHPTH). Their surfaces have been cationized by various processes: (i) plasma or (ii) thermal hydrogenation, (ii) chemical treatment, or (iv) covalent grafting of a copolymer (COP-NDHPHT).My PhD work included two main axis: (i) in vitro study of ND:siRNA complexes (NDs physico-chemical characterization and oncogene inhibition efficacy by the complexes); (ii) tissue distribution of COP-NDHPHT, injected into mice, using fluorescent NDHPHT containing nitrogen-vacancy defects. To detect them individually in sections of mouse organs carrying a subcutaneous xenograft tumor, we developed an epifluorescence imaging system with large numerical aperture and resolved in time to reject tissue autofluorescence (of a shorter lifetime than NDs). We quantified the number, the aggregation state and the cell localization (thanks to simultaneous histopathological imaging) of these vectors 24 hours after injection. NDs have been clearly detected in different organs, including the tumor, paving the way for tumor progression control with siRNA
Amin, Chalhoub Eliane. "Etude des processus thermophysiques en régime d'interaction laser/matière nanoseconde par pyro/réflectométrie rapide." Thesis, Orléans, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ORLE2081/document.
Full textThe recent development of nanotechnology has made the study and the characterisation of thermal properties of thin films and nanomaterials very important for the development and the quality of new technologies. Our experimental setup is designed and built in order to study different phenomena, in real time, that arise while the interaction of a laser with materials at the nanosecond scale. This system is composed of two complementary optical diagnostics, the time resolved reflectivity and the fast infrared pyrometry. First, we have shown the ability to study in real time the surface structural changes in the case of a thin metal layer deposited on an insulating substrate, the phenomenon of photoluminescence and the kinetics of melting/resolidification and also the ablation. In addition, we present a novel method in order to determine the thermal properties (volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity) of nanostructured surfaces. The analysis is based on the use of a proven theoretical model that is adjusted with an optimisation algorithm on our experimental measurements
Ould, Metidji Mahmoud. "Nanodispersion et développement de traceurs fluorescents." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1188/document.
Full textThe dispersion of inorganic materials in organic and aqueous media is a decisive factor for their industrial implementation. These materials are used in many areas from the oil industry to polishing. Herein, we focus on studying the stability of these materials in different media such as: (i) the aqueous solvents used for the formulation of abrasive slurries, (ii) the waters of oil operations and (iii) crude oil and its derivatives. Our objective is to improve the luminescence properties of these materials for the oil industry and the abrasive properties for polishing applications.We have developed stable formulations of lanthanide complexes (Ln) derived from DOTA and nanoparticles (NPs) of zinc sulfide doped with manganese for water-management in oil fields. These materials were characterized by time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) to solve the problems associated with the auto-fluorescence of petroleum products in the operating water.Furthermore, we studied the dispersion of specific compounds in different fuels in order to develop new anti-counterfeiting markers for crude oil and its derivatives. Finally, we tried to improve the dispersion of diamond nanoparticles in aqueous media in order to enhance the efficiency of diamond abrasive suspensions based for polishing sapphire a-plan
Mehnaoui, Mohamed. "Synthèse et caractérisation structurale des matrices cristallines apatitiques de phosphates et de vanadates Ca10-xPbx(XO4)6Y2(X=P, V) (Y=OH, Cl, I) : étude du piégeage du métal lourd Pb2+ par photoluminescence en temps résolu." Lyon 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LYO10005.
Full textBascoul, Guillaume. "Applications de la cartographie en émission de lumière dynamique (Time Resolved Imaging) pour l’analyse de défaillance des composants VLSI." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14876/document.
Full textVLSI ("Very Large Scale Integration") technologies are part of our daily lives and our miniaturization needs are increasing. The densification of transistors not only means trouble locating the so-called "hard defects" occurring during the development phases (debug) or aging, but also the appearance of pure non-functional behaviors related to component design flaws. Techniques discussed in this document are intended to probe the microelectronic circuits using a tool called dynamic light emission (Time Resolved Imaging - TRI) in search of abnormal behavior in terms of timings and patterns involved in structures. To go further, this instrument also allows viewing thermographic time resolved thermal transients within a component
Camilleri, Christophe. "Etude de la dynamique de spin des porteurs et des ions Mn2+ par des expériences d'effet Kerr magnéto-optique résolu en temps de type pompe-sonde sur des puits quantiques semimagnétiques de Cd1-xMnxTe de type p et n." Montpellier 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON20119.
Full textLeguay, Pierre-Marie. "Dynamique structurelle ultra-rapide lors de la transition solide-plasma dense et tiède produite par laser." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984288.
Full textBascoul, G. "Applications de la cartographie en émission de lumière dynamique (Time Resolved Imaging) pour l'analyse de défaillance des composants VLSI." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998831.
Full textZhao, Hongming. "ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE DE LA PROPRIETE DE COUPLAGE SPIN-ORBITE DANS DES STRUCTURES SEMI-CONDUCTRICES DE BASSE DIMENSIONALITE." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00595906.
Full textLantz, Gabriel. "Ultrafast electron dynamics in Mott materials." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112014/document.
Full textMott insulators are a perfect example of how local electronic correlations can change macroscopic properties of materials. Varying slightly the doping or the pressure can transform a metal to an insulator. These properties can be modified extremely rapidly by driving these materials far from equilibrium. We have investigated the model Mott-Hubbard material Cr-doped V2O3 using state of the art pump-probe techniques, namely angle resolved photoelectron spectroscopy, optical reflectivity, THz time-domain spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. We were able to unequivocally disentangle the electronic and the lattice response of the system to a femtosecond laser excitation, which was kept in all cases at a wavelength of 800 nm. We present a comparative study of these transient responses, which demonstrates the strong electron-phonon coupling of this strongly correlated model material. We show that before thermalization, spectral weight is transferred from the lower Hubbard band towards the Mott gap. On a longer time scale a metastable state is stabilized by the lattice structure. To further understand the transient response of Mott insulators, we have also studied another Mott compound, BaCo1-xNixS2. The general trends of photoexcitation in Mott insulators are analyzed using a two orbital model. We argue that the filling of the gap can be due to a change of the specific orbital fillings
Bascoul, Guillaume. "Applications de la cartographie en émission de lumière dynamique (Time Resolved Imaging) pour l'analyse de défaillance des composants VLSI." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880532.
Full textWenger, Emmanuel. "Installation et mise en oeuvre d'un détecteur de rayons X à pixels hybrides sur un diffractomètre de laboratoire : applications aux études de densité électronique et aux expériences de cristallographie résolues en temps." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0050/document.
Full textCompared to X-ray detectors commonly used for crystallography, hybrid pixels detectors provide major advantages primarily due to the use of a counting system proper to each pixel allowing for very fast and individual photon counting. The main innovations of these detectors are: (1) Almost total suppression of noise ; (2) Ultra-fast electronic shutter (about 100 ns) ; (3) Acquisition rate of 500 images per second. These advantages have already been exploited over the past ten years on synchrotron beam lines and are also very promising for laboratory diffractometers. The thesis work was to realize a prototype laboratory diffractometer equipped with such a detector, XPAD, and to achieve single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. The necessary corrections and calibrations of the detector required for diffraction measurements on single crystals were determined. The methods and image processing techniques to integrate the diffraction intensities were studied. Benefits of the very low noise of the detector for electron density models study were demonstrated; the prototype diffractometer equipped with an XPAD detector gave better results than conventional diffractometers. A second type of application was to use the pixel detector for the implementation of time-resolved diffraction measurements at millisecond timescale. Measurements under switched electric fields have shown the potential of this type of detector in this area of research
Hergott, Jean-François. "Optimisation de la génération d'harmoniques d'ordre élevé et application à l'interférométrie UVX résolue en temps." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00081880.
Full textDans une première partie, nous présentons une étude approfondie de l'optimisation du flux harmonique produit soit dans une fibre creuse soit dans un jet. Dans chacun des cas, nous déterminons les facteurs limitant l'émission : accord de phase, absorption, ionisation, défocalisation. La comparaison des profils d'émission avec les simulations démontre le rôle crucial de la phase du dipôle atomique pour la génération dans une fibre. L'optimisation dans un jet conduit à des efficacités de conversion allant de 10-5 à 50nm (1010 ph/imp) à 10-7 à 15nm (5.107 ph/imp).
Dans une deuxième partie, nous étudions la focalisation du rayonnement harmonique par une lentille de Bragg-Fresnel, qui permet une focalisation efficace hors axe, sans aberration. Nous mesurons pour l'harmonique 39 une tache focale de l'ordre de 2µm. Compte tenu du flux élevé et de la courte durée (femtoseconde) des harmoniques, des éclairements élevés dans l'UVX peuvent être atteints.
Finalement, nous présentons les premières expériences de diagnostic de plasma par interférométrie UVX utilisant le rayonnement harmonique. Une technique originale est développée à partir de 2 sources harmoniques mutuellement cohérentes séparées spatialement. L'analogue temporel de l'interférométrie spatiale, qui utilise 2 impulsions harmoniques séparées en temps, est également démontré. Cette interférométrie fréquentielle a permis le premier diagnostic UVX de l'évolution temporelle d'un plasma avec une résolution femtoseconde. Une extension du schéma de 2 à 4 impulsions permet de mesurer avec une sensibilité extrême un déphasage équivalent à une demi-période harmonique, soit des écarts temporels à l'échelle attoseconde (1as=10-18s).
Guibert, David. "Analyse de méthodes de résolution parallèles d'EDO/EDA raides." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00430013.
Full textGuibert, David. "Analyse de méthodes de résolution parallèles d’EDO/EDA raides." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10138/document.
Full textThis PhD Thesis deals with the development of parallel numerical methods for solving Ordinary and Algebraic Differential Equations. ODE and DAE are commonly arising when modeling complex dynamical phenomena. We first show that the parallelization across the method is limited by the number of stages of the RK method or DIMSIM. We introduce the Schur complement into the linearised linear system of time integrators. An automatic framework is given to build a mask defining the relationships between the variables. Then the Schur complement is coupled with Jacobian Free Newton-Krylov methods. As time decomposition, global time steps resolutions can be solved by parallel nonlinear solvers (such as fixed point, Newton and Steffensen acceleration). Two steps time decomposition (Parareal, Pita,...) are developed with a new definition of their grids to solved stiff problems. Global error estimates, especially the Richardson extrapolation, are used to compute a good approximation for the second grid. Finally we propose a parallel deferred correction
Chollet, Mélanie. "Cinétiques de transition de phase dans le manteau terrestre." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10149.
Full textThe evolution of petrological assemblies with increasing pressure and temperature is commonly perceived at equilibrium and fixed within time. The development of X-ray synchrotron sources now enable to measure in situ, time-resolved rates of mineralogical transformations at high pressure (HP), high temperature (HT). This thesis presents the application of this technology in two geological settings. (i) The seismogenic ability of breakdown of hydrated minerals within the subducting slab is checked. The dehydration kinetics of talc, 10Å phase and antigorite were measured at HP-HT in a closed system. We have found that antigorite dehydrates through an intermediate stage. All associated rates of released fluids are faster than the viscous deformation of rocks and are therefore compatible with the trigger of rupture. (ii) The kinetics of olivineringwoodite transition were determined within the co-stability loop for Fe-rich compositions. They show a partial amorphization of olivine at the beginning of the transformation. This could significantly affect the velocities of seismic waves when crossing the mantle transition zone. Moreover, the characteristic times of this reaction and the substantial reduction in grain size, indicate that such a phase transition may induce a significant seismic attenuation. These in situ HP-HT experimental results reveal novel mechanisms of phase transition and thus contribute to a better understanding of geodynamic models
Sanches, Piaia Monica. "Femtosecond magneto-optical four-wave mixing in Garnet films." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE024/document.
Full textOne of the goals of Femtomagnetism is to manipulate the magnetization of materials using femtosecond optical pulses. It has been shown in ferromagnetic films that a magneto-optical (MO) coherent response takes place before the thermalization of the spins populations in a pump and probe MOKE experiment. It results from the coherent spin-photon coupling mediated by the spin-orbit interaction. A simplified description of this effect has been made by considering an eight-level system coupled with the laser field. The MO coherence can be defined by the magnetic field dependent dephasing time T2MO. In the present work, it is shown that the coherent MO response of a bismuth-doped garnet can be directly measured in different degenerated MO four-wave mixing configurations. The importance of well-knowing the spectral phase of the pulse to measure T2MO was studied. Using 10fs near infra-red pulses, T2MO was shown to be (2.8+/-1)fs that is of the same order of the charges dephasing time