Academic literature on the topic 'Freudian Criticism'

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Journal articles on the topic "Freudian Criticism"

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Eilittä, Leena. "Kafka's Ambivalence Towards Psychoanalysis." Psychoanalysis and History 3, no. 2 (July 2001): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2001.3.2.205.

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This article analyses Kafka's changing attitude towards Freudian psychoanalysis and, more generally, towards psychological thought. In contrast to his earlier enthusiasm for Freud, Kafka undertook a heavy criticism of psychoanalysis from 1917 onwards. He attacked Freudian ideas from religious, philosophical and therapeutic points of view. According to Kafka, a mentally unbalanced person finds himself in the state of spiritual Angst which psychoanalytic method is not able to cure. Towards the end of his life Kafka extended his criticism to psychological explanation in general, dismissing it as eventually unable to approach the most important levels of the human mind.
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Guja, Jowita. "Salutary Meanings of Sublimation. Selected Soteriological Threads of Alienation Criticism of Religion." Studia Humana 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2017): 44–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sh-2017-0022.

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Abstract The article concerns a few soteriological threads of alienation criticism of religion whose feature is the creation of a new autonomous and transgressive subject. It focused on the presentation of this subject using Nietzsche’s philosophy perceived within Freudian perspective.
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García, Luciano Nicolás. "Biologizing Psychoanalysis: Konstantin Gavrilov and Freudo–Pavlovism in Argentina (1942–1960)." Psychoanalysis and History 16, no. 2 (July 2014): 215–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2014.0151.

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This paper examines the work of the Russian zoologist Konstantin Gavrilov (1908–82) in Argentina, in the light of a series of authors who tried to find connections between Sigmund Freud's and Ivan Pavlov's ideas. This theoretical effort is designated as Freudo–Pavlovism, and it intended to offer neurophysiological evidence to psychoanalytical thesis in order to build a holistic theory of the psyche. Freudo–Pavlovism is considered a possible extension of Freudian ideas within an evolutionary framework. Gavrilov's ideas on the compatibility of Freudian and Pavlovian theories are analysed, as well as the support given by Argentinian psychoanalysts and the criticism that his work received by communist psychiatrists.
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Garcia, Jay. "James Baldwin, Lionel Trilling, American Studies, and the Freudian Tragic." James Baldwin Review 3, no. 1 (October 4, 2017): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/jbr.3.5.

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The intellectual connection between James Baldwin and Lionel Trilling, and the resonances across their criticism, are more substantial than scholarly and biographical treatments have disclosed. For Trilling, Baldwin’s writings were notable for their deviation from most humanistic inquiry, which he considered insufficiently alert to the harms and depredations of culture. Baldwin’s work became for Trilling a promising indication that American criticism could be remade along the lines of a tragic conception of culture deriving from Freud. This essay concentrates on a relevant but neglected dynamic in American letters—the mid-twentieth-century tension between Freudian thought and American humanistic inquiry evident in fields like American Studies—to explain the intellectual coordinates within which Trilling developed an affinity for Baldwin’s work. The essay concludes by suggesting that the twilight of Freud’s tragic conception of culture, which figured centrally in the modernist critical environment in which Baldwin and Trilling encountered one another, contributed to an estrangement whereby the two came to be seen as unrelated and different kinds of critics, despite the consonance of their critical idioms during the 1940s and 1950s.
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Lauwaert, Lode, and William Britt. "Gilles Deleuze on Sacher-Masoch and Sade: A Bergsonian Criticism of Freudian Psychoanalysis." Deleuze Studies 9, no. 2 (May 2015): 153–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/dls.2015.0181.

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In the long line of French Sade studies, Deleuze's essay Coldness and Cruelty marks out a special place. By discussing Masoch both in addition to and in contrast to Sade, Deleuze reveals the stakes of his book: he wants to unmask the concept of sadomasochism as a clinical nonentity. In their paper, the authors explain the arguments supporting this project and show their relation to Deleuze's reading of Bergson. They then argue that there is a second, similarly Bergsonian criticism of Freudian psychoanalysis operating in the background of Coldness and Cruelty. This more wide-ranging criticism takes Freud to task for conceiving perversion, like neurosis, in Oedipal terms. This conception, Deleuze holds, forgets that perversion and neurosis represent two different worlds that essentially have nothing to do with each other despite crossing in clinical experience.
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Mazhar, Shumaila, Azka Khan, and Durdana Khosa. "Universal Psychological Mechanisms of Guilt and Redemption: An Analysis of the Scarlet Letter and Raja Gidh." Global Language Review III, no. I (December 30, 2018): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/glr.2018(iii-i).05.

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Freud’s trifurcated concept of human nature asserts that unlike other emotional states, guilt is a quite complicated feeling which requires a differentiated and powerful brain. A human brain, being cognizant of this uniqueness, is capable of self-appraisal and self-censure. The present study penetrates the intricacies of human mind through the study of protagonists of The Scarlet Letter and Raja Gidh. The concept of Freudian superego is used to examine the two characters, Dimmesdale and Qayyum, set in completely different temporal and spatial dimensions of human society. The parameters of psychoanalytical interpretation describes the human psychological distress and fight against the mental chaos after crossing the ethical boundaries of morality. It postulates that Freudian psychoanalysis contributes effectively to research in literary criticism beyond the social, cultural and linguistic boundaries as it highlights the universality of unique human feelings.
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Wright, Barbara. "Salome: a fin de siècle legend." European Review 2, no. 3 (July 1994): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798700001137.

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The Salome legend developed as John the Baptist became the object of increased veneration. It was profoundly modified in the medieval and Renaissance periods. Well suited to Schopenhauerian misogyny and to the burgeoning interest in Freudian psychoanalysis, it became central to the fin de siècle in Western Europe. An instrument of self-reflection as well as of parody, the Salome legend has shown itself, in both the 19th and the 20th centuries, to be capable of ironic criticism and fertile pastiche, as well as of enigmatic mystery and deep psychological exploration.
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Zhao, Xue, and Liang Zhang. "The Confrontation between Desire and Morality: A Study of the Freudian Tendency in Sister Carrie." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1101.13.

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Theodore Dreiser’s Sister Carrie (1900) suffered sharp criticism at the very moment of their appearance. Most critics and readers pointed out he depicted something amoral, especially on sexual amorality. Yet, with the development of feminism, a few years later Sister Carrie was appraised as the model of ‘new woman’ of the late 19th century. In the light of Freudian thought, the paper will not only draw attention to the confrontation between desire and morality but also to the effects of human inner mind in the external world in attempt to explore the permanent factors that influence human’s actions.
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Antonov, Konstantin M., and Daria A. Chentsova. "Two Anthropological Receptions of Freud’s Ideas: Semyon L. Frank and Ludwig Binswanger." History of Philosophy 25, no. 2 (2020): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-5869-2020-25-2-40-54.

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The aim of the paper is to compare Semyon Frank’s and Ludwig Binswanger’s reception of Freudian ideas, represented in published works and correspondence (mostly unpublished) of the both thinkers. The essence of this reception is anthropological one. In a positive perception of psy­choanalysis and in its criticism Frank and Binswanger strive to formulate a new understanding of Man, which overcome nihilistic tendencies and is irreducible to either traditional religious anthro­pology or secular humanism. From their point of view, the anthropological discoveries of psycho­analysis cannot receive an appropriate interpretation within the framework of its own naturalistic schemes.
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Zarytska, Olena. "FEMINIST ART GRIZELDY POLLOK AS A CHALLENGE TO THE ART OF THE PAST." Sophia. Human and Religious Studies Bulletin 17, no. 1 (2021): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/sophia.2021.17.8.

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The theoretical work of one of the founders and leading figures of modern feminist art Griselda Pollock is considered. Representing researchers whose ideas were shaped by the radical cultural and social revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, she belongs to the second generation of feminist art criticism. The author points to the eclectic methodological position of G. Pollock, which combines a number of areas associated with its "radicalism" in relation to the classical areas of art history and social thought. In particular, it is Marxism, poststructuralism of R. Bart and M. Foucault, Freudian psychoanalysis etc. Methodological eclecticism G. Pollock suggests that the leading in her work is her ideological attitude, rather than research position. Although G. Pollock's theoretical constructions are formally based on specific biographical and art studies of artists of the past, methodological eclecticism does not allow to characterize them as scientific or at least consistently logical in their construction. The author concludes that substantively, the concept of G. Pollock is based on the interpretation of female (and male) principles in the artist's work as a gender category, defined by the prevailing social roles and stereotypes in society. G. Pollock uses the concept of "bourgeoisie" in relation to the culture of the masculine society of the past; attempts to develop the concept of "death of the author" by R. Bart in the interpretation of the socially determined figure of the artist (on the example of W. Van Gogh); quite arbitrarily uses the apparatus of Freudian psychoanalysis to read ("deconstruct") works of art, in particular, paintings by W. Van Gogh and A. de Toulouse-Lautrec. Thus, G. Pollock turns feminist art criticism into an ideological platform for the development of a range of ideological and theoretical currents, united by their radicalism and opposition to classical art and the ideological foundations of modern civilization as a whole.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Freudian Criticism"

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Roux, Catharina. "Obedient daughter, silenced witch: the hysteric in Freudian psychoanalysis." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004637.

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This study explores the theoretical consequences of Freud's renunciation of the seduction theory. The dissertation defends the thesis that the seduction theory was shaped as much by Freud's adherence to the nomonological model as by the empirical evidence of child sexual abuse. A renunciation of the seduction theory was inevitable, not because the accounts of the daughters were lies, but because the methodology was inappropriate. The nomonological model obscured the emotional structure of the nuclear family in which the structure itself, through which sexuality emerged, directed the girl's entrance into womanhood and caused the woman's dis-ease. Freud's methodology forced him to isolate an event as cause of an illness and to attribute the event to an agent. The universal perversity of the Victorian father thus became the central theme around which an explanation of a female disease was built. When this theme became theoretically untenable, Freud renounced the seduction theory and, still using the nomonological model, built up the construct of the Oedipus complex in which the father was vindicated. In order to exonerate the father, the transactions through which the child's libido developed were represented as originating in inherent tendencies. As a result, the hierarchical nature of the interaction between parent and child was distorted, and this led to the formulation of the distinction between real events and fantasies as a basic premise on which the difference between the pleasure principle and the reality principle rests. This formulation gave rise to the sharp duality between fantasy and reality which eventually compelled him to separate psychic reality and social reality. The theoretical structure built on this duality could not but fuse hysteria, masochism and "normal" femininity into an explanation of the female state, and obscure the essential social relations between men and women which were structured in terms of dominance and submission. The thesis traces the journey from the perverted father as cause of a female disease, hysteria, to the theoretical conjunction of masochism and hysteria. It comes to the conclusion that Freud's model is unable to explain the self-mutilation of the hysteric; nor is it capable of explaining the hysteric's refusal to participate in the circuit of symbolic exchanges which constituted Victorian society. The study further attempts to understand hysteria in terms of the complex interlacing of fact and fantasy and tries to show that fantasy was rooted in the facts of Victorian culture.
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Bubear, Rhian. "'The world of words' : a post-Freudian rereading of Dylan Thomas' early poetry." Thesis, Swansea University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678530.

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Pettersson, Timothy. "Interpreting The Denizens of The Hundred Acre Wood : Freudian & Lacanian psychoanalytical concepts in Winnie-The-Pooh." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5593.

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In this paper I have strived to provide a new view on a timeless classic of children’s literature, Winnie-The-Pooh. In psychoanalytic literary criticism concepts and theories of psychoanalysis is implemented while interpreting literature; in this paper, I have interpreted the novel incorporating concepts of the psychoanalytic schools of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan while arguing that the denizens of the Hundred Acre Wood are manifestations of parts of the narrator’s unconscious. The first two sections of the paper present the theories and concepts of the two major schools of psychoanalysis as an introduction aimed at increasing the readability of the interpretation. The individual interpretations of each character are then presented separately, every section in some way involving psychoanalytic theory. Kanga, Roo, Piglet, Winnie-the-Pooh, Christopher Robin, Rabbit, Owl and Eeyore are shown to be repressed memories, feelings or thoughts. Included theoretical concepts are the Oedipus complex, the sexual development of infants, the journey of children towards consciousness, Lacanian desire and lack, Freudian dream interpretation and the conception that the unconscious is structured as language, among others.

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Sturli, Valentina. "Le figure dell’invenzione negli inediti di Francesco Orlando : teoria, prospettive, applicazioni." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL033.

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La thèse est née de la possibilité qui nous a été donnée d’analyser en exclusivité une partie des travaux inédits du critique italien et théoricien de la littérature, Francesco Orlando (1934- 2010), qui portent sur le thème de l’invention littéraire. Les perspectives contenues dans ces inédits, dûment contextualisées, sont autant de contributions au débat sur les instruments et les méthodes de recherche dans le domaine critico-thématique. Cette matière première, qui se compose de fiches de notes et d’un corpus consistant de leçons et d’interventions intégralement enregistrés à l’aide d’un appareil audio, permet de grands développements interprétatifs; elle se prête parfaitement à une recherche qui a pour point de départ le cadre de la proposition théorique et s’ouvre ensuite, dans une seconde phase de notre travail, à l’application des résultats à l’analyse comparée des œuvres de deux auteurs de la littérature italienne, Walter Siti, et française, Michel Houellebecq, que rapprochent d’importantes convergences aussi bien thématiques, formelles que du point de vue des figures utilisées
The thesis considers previously unpublished works by Italian literary critic and theoretician Francesco Orlando (1934-2010) concerning the subject of literary invention. The ideas expressed in these works, with due contextualization, provide interesting contributions in the debate about methodologies and tools of research in the field of thematic criticism. The material I consider consists in notes and in the audio tapes of a consistent corpus of lectures and conferences, and leaves room for further interpretative developments. My research considers Orlando’s material as a theoretical frame for an analysis of Italian author Walter Siti and French author Michel Houellebecq, who share important common features both thematically and stylistically
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Jacobs, Michael. "A Freudian 'dream' : interpretations of 'A Midsummer Night's Dream' by psychoanalysts and psychoanalytically informed literary critics." Thesis, Open University, 2017. http://oro.open.ac.uk/48431/.

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The thesis analyses interpretations of A Midsummer Night’s Dream by Freudian and post-Freudian clinicians, and by literary critics influenced by psychoanalytic theory. The primary material is principally taken from the Psychoanalytic Electronic Publishing database, and includes 37 papers or chapters by psychoanalysts and some by psychoanalytically informed literary critics, addressing aspects of the Dream. This considerable body of critical analysis of the play has largely been ignored by literary critics. Certain themes in this substantial body of criticism are identified and analysed: how dreams in the play have been variously interpreted psychoanalytically; the clinical interest in dreams within a dream and the relevance of this to the play and to the device of the play within the play; the dark side of the Dream including the function of comedy to disguise the play’s nightmare quality; and the dominance of oedipal interpretations to the neglect of other aspects of Freud’s writing about love. The thesis considers how far psychoanalytic criticism of the play reflects changes in psychoanalytic theory and phases of literary criticism. The thesis highlights the absence of meaningful interaction between Freudian clinicians and literary critics who examine the Dream during the same sixty year period from the 1950s, missing opportunities for productive intellectual dialogue. The thesis observes that literary critics refer more than clinicians to more recent psychoanalytic thinking; and that there are places where the clinicians could have enhanced their interpretations by reference to Freud’s writing on humour, on love and object choices, on illusion and transference-love. The thesis concludes that psychoanalytic critics of the play make a complementary contribution to literary criticism, and that the papers merit greater prominence in the reception history of the play.
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Banzato, Cláudio Eduardo Müller 1964. "A concepção linguistica freudiana e algumas de suas implicações filosoficas. : ensaio inspirado nas criticas de Wittgenstein a Freud." [s.n.], 1994. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279155.

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Orientador: Osmyr Faria Gabbi Jr
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Mazières, Frédéric. "Humour pervers, prison et écriture. Une analyse psychobiographique de l'œuvre romanesque du marquis de Sade." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA052.

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Notre thèse de doctorat propose une analyse d’inspiration freudienne des œuvres romanesques du marquis de Sade. Elle relève, plus précisément, de la psychobiographie en ce qu’elle privilégie l’analyse des conflits des écrivains avec leurs parents, et les traumatismes psychiques subséquents. L’œuvre et l’écriture de Sade sont les résultats de nombreux facteurs : enfance multi-pathogène, personnalité borderline multi-pathologique (perverse et psychopathique), multi-récidiviste, incarcérations ou internements dans des asiles. Parmi tous ces paramètres psycho-socio-pathologiques, la prison est celui qui a aggravé, sous la forme d’une psychose carcérale réactionnelle, ses tendances morbides et la violence de son écriture. Se sentant menacé par une évolution de sa personnalité vers une psychose structurelle, Sade tente de prendre ses distances, en les rendant absurdes, avec les représentations pulsionnelles délirantes qu’il obtient grâce à ses rêves et à ses rêveries. C’est à ce moment-là qu’interviennent les procédés cathartiques et thérapeutiques de l’humour et/ou du comique pervers. Grâce à ces procédés symboliques, qu’il a mis au point dans sa correspondance avec sa femme et avec « Milly », l’une de ses amies, Sade se met en scène, lui et ses objets sexuels, dans des fantasmatiques pré-œdipiennes. Plus les décalages avec l’esthétique des réalités sexuelles œdipiennes (ou génitales) sont importants, plus l’humour pervers peut surgir. Grâce à l’humour pervers, Sade peut mimer une victoire narcissique illusoire. L’humour pervers facilite l’assassinat psychique, affectif et moral des lecteurs. Nous avons terminé notre étude en proposant l’analyse d’une forme extrême d’humour pervers, l’humour pervers nécrophile
Our doctoral thesis suggests a Freudian analysis of Marquis de Sade novels. Our analysis is more precisely a work of psychobiography, which favours writers’ conflicts with their parents, and the subsequent psychological traumas. Sade novels and writing are the results of many parameters : a multi-pathogen childhood, a multi-pathological borderline personality (psychopathic and perverse), being a multi-recidivist, imprisonment or internment in asylums. Among all those psycho-socio-pathological parameters, prison, is the one that worsened his morbid tendencies and the violence of his writing, thus creating a prison psychosis. Threatened by the development of his personality towards a structural psychosis, Sade attempts to distance himself from those parameters, making them absurd, crazy instinctual representations coming from his dreams and reveries. The cathartic and therapeutic methods of humour and/or perverse comic played a part at that very moment. Owing to these symbolic methods he has developed in his correspondence with his wife and with « Milly », one of his friends, Sade stages himself and his sexual objects in pre-Oedipal fantasies. The stranger the aesthetics of Oedipal (or genital) sexuality are, the funnier it becomes. By means of perverse humour, Sade manages to mimic an illusory narcissistic victory. The perverse humour facilitates the psychic, emotional and moral murders of his readers. We completed our study by providing an analysis of an extreme form of perverse humour, necrophiliac perverse humour
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Books on the topic "Freudian Criticism"

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Timpanaro, Sebastiano. The Freudian slip: Psychoanalysis and textual criticism. London: Verso, 1985.

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Freudian fadeout: The failings of psychoanalysis in film criticism. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 2012.

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Murdoch vs. Freud: A Freudian look at an anti-Freudian. New York: P. Lang, 1993.

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Dial "M" for mother: A Freudian Hitchcock. Madison, N.J: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2008.

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The novels of Margaret Drabble: This Freudian family nexus. New York: Peter Lang, 1998.

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Ḳlitsner, Shemuʾel. Wrestling Jacob: Deception, identity, and Freudian slips in Genesis. Jerusalem: Urim Publications, 2006.

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Gerland, Oliver. A Freudian poetics for Ibsen's theatre: Repetition, recollection, and paradox. Lewiston, N.Y: E. Mellen Press, 1998.

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Fuentes, Juan B. La impostura freudiana: Una mirada antropológica crítica sobre el psicoanálisis freudiano como institución. Madrid: Encuentro Ediciones, 2009.

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rickels, laurence. Critique of Fantasy, Vol. 1: Between a Crypt and a Datemark. Brooklyn, NY: punctum books, 2020.

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Back to Freud's texts: Making silent documents speak. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Freudian Criticism"

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O'Hara, Daniel T. "Freudian Psychoanalytic Criticism." In A Companion to Literary Theory, 373–84. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118958933.ch30.

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Bromley, James M. "Epilogue." In Clothing and Queer Style in Early Modern English Drama, 186–94. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867821.003.0006.

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This Epilogue addresses the historicist criticism that theoretical and presentist approaches to literature are narcissistic. It responds to these critiques by showing that defenses of historicism engage in the obscurations and suppressions of difference that presentist approaches are accused of. It draws on the work of Michael Warner to identify a queer idealism within Freudian narcissism, and this idealism can motivate literary criticism’s engagement with the literature of the past. The Epilogue also reflects on why a queer rethinking of sexuality remains necessary in light of recent legal victories for the LGBTQ population in some countries and what role the sartorial plays in our thinking about toleration for nonnormative sexuality.
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Winnicott, Donald W. "A Personal View of the Kleinian Contribution." In The Collected Works of D. W. Winnicott, 325–32. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780190271381.003.0054.

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Winnicott presents his personal view of the major importance of Kleinian thinking to psychoanalysis in this talk to the Los Angeles Psychoanalytic Society. He realised Klein’s contribution to his early training because he saw that babies, not just children of oedipal age, suffered and had emotional difficulties. Klein took Freudian analysis and three-person Oedipal work back to the earlier two-person stage of infant and mother. Winnicott affirms how much he valued and learned from all this while not agreeing with everything. He gives his criticism of her theories of paranoid-schizoid elements in the self and some aspects of the depressive position. He summarizes key aspects of her theory and sees her as a world leader in psychoanalysis.
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Edith, Kurzweil. "Chapter 8: Literature and Criticism." In The Freudians, 173–97. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351303927-9.

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Alonso, Alex. "‘Stunt-Reading’." In Paul Muldoon in America, 57–96. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859659.003.0003.

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Chapter 2 offers the first full-scale treatment of Paul Muldoon as critic. It looks at his major works of literary criticism, from the F. W. Bateson Lecture ‘Getting Round’ and To Ireland, I to the later End of the Poem, and considers what these lecture series from his American years can tell us about Muldoon the reader, as well as the poet. Muldoon announces himself on the critical scene not only as a self-proclaimed ‘stunt reader’ but an extraordinarily Freudian thinker, who is unusually attentive to the kinds of veiled communication and word-association that might reveal a writer’s ulterior motives, resistances, or unconscious desires. But his offbeat, often knowingly mischievous performances in these lectures also suggest a basic distrust of the authority of the critical reader, and in turn raise questions about the kinds of reading his own poems are expected to elicit.
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Segalovitz, Yael. "A Leap of Faith into Moses: Freud’s Invitation to Evenly Suspended Attention." In Freud and Monotheism. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823280025.003.0006.

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This chapter argues that Moses and Monotheism invites its readers to approach it in a state of “evenly-suspended attention,” the mindset that Freud recommends his colleagues practice in the therapeutic scene. This method of reading is contrasted with the prominent one in the discipline of literature, namely, close reading. Developed by the Anglo-American New Critics around the time of Moses’ publication, close reading depends on what Freud terms “deliberate attention.” This chapter further demonstrates that reading Moses in a state of evenly-suspended attention is understood by Freud to require an act of faith in one’s unconscious or internal alterity. It concludes with a call for a reevaluation of what a Freudian or psychoanalytic reading is typically understood to mean in the humanities. That is, while Freud is conventionally thought of as the optimal close reader, Moses suggests otherwise.
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Smith, Patricia Juliana. "‘Some Really Raging Peculiarity’: Female Fetishism in The Little Girls." In Elizabeth Bowen, 145–64. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474458641.003.0010.

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This chapter shows that many of Bowen’s female characters have curious relationships with inanimate objects, endowing them with special powers or personal attributes. The pattern of these relations, in which certain objects obtain an unusual significance to their possessors, even, in some cases, to the extent of being preferred over relationships with other people, is obvious in Bowen’s works, yet it eludes the usual definitions of fetishism. Critics attempting to theorize female fetishism have tended to rely on paradigms articulated by Freud (ie erotic) or Marx (ie consumerist). Neither of these constructs, however, adequately describe the relationships with objects that possess overwhelming importance to many of Bowen’s characters and, through these attachments, lead often lead to perverse consequences. Recently, however, German theorist Hartmut Böhme has postulated that fetishism is an entirely European concept, one crucial to our understanding of Modernism. Using Böhme’s axioms of fetishism and Modernism as well as insights from anthropological and theological sources, this chapter explores female characters’ ‘object relations’ (not necessarily in the Freudian sense of the term) in Bowen’s works.
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"COMMODIFICATION ship. As a consequence of colonial occupation and the discourses and practices generated and maintained by colo-nisers, the idea of colonialism may also be said to designate the attributes of the specific political and epistemological discourses by which the colonising power defines those who are subjected to its rule. Postcolonialism refers in literary studies to literary texts produced in countries and cultures that have come under the control of European powers at some point in their history. Commodification—The process by which an object or a person becomes viewed primarily as an article for economic exchange - or a commodity. Also the translation of the aesthetic and cultural objects into principally economic terms. The com-modification of an object or the raw materials from which it is produced is a sign of the transformation from use-value to exchange-value. The term is used in feminist theory to describe the objectification of women by patriarchal cultures. Through the processes of commodification, the work of art lacks any significance unless it can be transformed by economic value into a mystified, desired form, the labour having gone into its production having been occluded. Commodity fetishism—Term used by marxist critics after Marx's discussion in Volume I of Capital to describe the ways in which products within capitalist economies become objects of veneration in their own right, and are valued way beyond what Marx called their 'use-value'. Commodity fetishism is understood as an example of the ways in which social relations are hidden within economic forms of capitalism. Condensation—A psychoanalytic, specifically Freudian, term referring to the psychic process whereby phantasmatic images assumed to have a common affect are condensed into a single image. Drawing on the linguistic work of Roman Jakobson, Jacques Lacan compares the Freudian notion of condensation to the work of metaphor. Connotation/denotation—A word's connotations are those feel-ings, undertones, associations, etc. that are not precisely what the word means, but are conventionally related to it, especially in poetic language such as metaphor. The word." In Key Concepts in Literary Theory, 34–47. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315063799-8.

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